Transiotioning Click to edit Master title style to use of integrase inhibitors in...

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Click to edit Master title style Transiotioning to use of integrase inhibitors in Brazil Estevão Portela Nunes [email protected] Instituto Nacional de Infectologia FIOCRUZ

Transcript of Transiotioning Click to edit Master title style to use of integrase inhibitors in...

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Click to edit Master title styleTransiotioning to use of integrase

inhibitors in Brazil

Estevão Portela Nunes

[email protected]

Instituto Nacional de Infectologia

FIOCRUZ

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Conflitos de Interesse

De acordo com a Resolução 1931/2009 do Conselho Federal de Medicina e com aRDC 96 / 2008 da ANVISA, declaro que:

• Pesquisa Clínica: como médico investigador, participo de estudos patrocinadospor: Abbvie

• Apresentações: como palestrante convidado, participo dos eventos de:GSK/ViiV,Janssen, Abbvie, Bristol-Meyers

• Consultoria: como membro de advisory boards, participo de reuniões com:Abbvie,GILEAD, GSK;ViiV, Janssen

Não possuo ações de quaisquer destas companhias farmacêuticas.

Os meus pré-requisitos para participar destas atividades são a autonomia dopensamento científico, a independência de opiniões e a liberdade de expressão,aspectos que esta empresa respeita.

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Cascata de cuidado contínuo do HIV*, 2017

(*) As estimativas foram revistas de acordo com a nova metodologia de identificação de duplicidades no Siscel e no Siclom,

incluindo o modelo de estimativa do número de PVHIV.

866.092

730.739

686.733

601.262

547.799

460.210

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

900.000

1.000.000

PVHIV Diagnosticadas Vinculadas Retidas TARV CV suprimida (<50cópias/mL)

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Inibidores de Integrase

Caracteristicas comuns a classe

• Rápida queda de Carga viral (maior risco de IRIS?)1,2

• Excelente tolerabilidade 1,2

• Perfil de Segurança Satisfatório (baixo potencial de toxicidade

ósseo/renal/Cardiovascular a longo prazo)3,4

• Baixo potencial para Interações farmacocinéticas

– Raltegravir< Dolutegravir< Elvitegravir/cobicistat

• 1- Rockstroh J, et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63:77-85

• 2-Walmsley S, et al. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:1807-18

• 3-McComsey G, et al. IAS 2017. Abstract TUPDB0205LB.

• 4-Lennox JL, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:461-471

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Eficácia da Tarv inicial em relação a base de

ITRN, Terceira droga e outros fatores

• Eficácia 70% vs 62% com HIV-1 RNA < vs ≥ 100,000 copias/mL

• Eficácia 75% vs 65% em esquemas “preferenciais” pelo DHHS vs “alternativos”

• Número de comps ou doses por dia sem associação com eficácia

• Bases específicas de ITRN e Terceira droga associada com eficácia

Lee FJ, et al. PLOS One 2014

Efficacy, % (SD) Coefficient (95% CI) P Value

Base de ITRN

TDF/FTC 73 (10) Ref

ABC/3TC 63 (7) -7.6 (-12.7 to -2.6) .003

Terceira droga

ITRNN 61 (15) Ref

INI 84 (5) 11.9 (4.6 to 19.2) .002

IP-r 67 (9) -0.9 (-4.7 to 3.0) .660

Adjusted for multivariable analysis including year of commencement, other drugs received, baseline patient characteristics, and duration of follow-up.

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INI

(DTG, RAL,

EVG/c)

INI

(DTG, RAL,

EVG/c)

INI

(DTG, RAL,

EVG/c)

EFV→DTG, EFV400

(NVP, DTG)

ou ou

IP/r (DRV/r,

DRV/c)

IP/r (DRV/r,

DRV/c)

ou

ITRNN (RPV em

pílula combinada)

TDF ou TAF(ABC somente com

3TC e DTG em pílula

combinada)

TDF ou TAF(ABC somente com

3TC e DTG em pílula

combinada)

TAF TDF

3TC ou FTC 3TC ou FTC 3TC ou FTC 3TC ou FTC

EACS jan 2017 DHHS jul 2016 IAS jul 2016 OMS 2016 →jul 2017

++ + +

+ + + +

Esquemas Preferenciais nas Diretrizes de TARV em 2017

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Brasil- opção pelo Dolutegravir

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INI

(DTG)

INI

(DTG, RAL,

EVG/c)

INI

(DTG, RAL,

EVG/c)

INI

(DTG, RAL,

EVG/c)

EFV→DTG, EFV400

(NVP, DTG)

ou ou

IP/r (DRV/r,

DRV/c)

IP/r (DRV/r,

DRV/c)

ou

ITRNN (RPV em

pílula combinada)

TDF TDF ou TAF(ABC somente com

3TC e DTG em pílula

combinada)

TDF ou TAF(ABC somente com

3TC e DTG em pílula

combinada)

TAF TDF

3TC 3TC ou FTC 3TC ou FTC 3TC ou FTC 3TC ou FTC

Brasil jan 2017 EACS jan 2017 DHHS jul 2016 IAS jul 2016 OMS 2016 →jul 2017

+ ++ + +

+ + + + +

Esquemas Preferenciais nas Diretrizes de TARV

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Brasil na era dos Inibidores de Integrase

na primeira linha.

Fonte: MS/SVS/DIAHV.

Dados até 31/12/2017.

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

79%

57%61% 63% 62%

68%

79%84%

88%

18%

36%35%

34% 34%30%

20%15%

11%

3%

1%0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%3%2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%3% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Título

2 NRTI + 1 II 2 NRTI + 1 NNRTI 2 NRTI + 1 PI/r 2 NRTI 2 NRTI + 1 PI Outros

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570,176

112,88

7on DTG

73,022

39,865

Dolutegravir. Brasil, 2017

FONTE: MS/SVS/Departamento de IST, Aids e Hepatites Virais

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Troca Raltegravir-Dolutegravir

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(*) Inclui PVHIV com até 12 meses de TARV.

Proporção (%) de PVHIV que iniciaram TARV com regimes com

DTG versus com EFZ e alcançaram CV<50 cópias/mL, em meses

desde o início do tratamento. Brasil, 2016-17.

32%

73%

81% 84% 83% 85% 85% 87% 86% 88%

25%

47%

61%67% 78% 77% 81% 82% 83% 83%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+*

% C

V<5

0 c

p/m

L

Meses

Regimes com DTG (2017) Regimes com EFZ (2016-17)

FONTE: MS/SVS/Departamento de IST, Aids e Hepatites Virais

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Fatores de risco para interrupção de dolutegravir

associada a eventos neuropsiquiátricos

• Resolução rápida dos

sintomas após a

interrupção do DTG

Sabranski M, et al. HIV Glasgow 2016. Abstract O214.

Fatores de risco RR (95% CI) P Valor

Sexo (fem vs masc) 2.64 (1.23-5.65) .0122

Idade (> 60 anos < 60 anos) 2.86 (1.42-5.77) .0033

Início concomitante de abacavir (sim vs não) 2.42 (1.38-4.24) .002

Período de início (2016 vs 2014-2015) 11.36 (4.31-9.41) < .0001

Mês em INI

Ta

xa

de

in

terr

up

çã

oa

sso

cia

da

a

eve

nto

sn

eu

ro-p

siq

uiá

tric

ose

Elvitegravir (n = 287)

Raltegravir (n = 678)

Dolutegravir (n = 985)

1.00

.95

.90

.85

.80

.750 5 10 15 20 25

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Farmacovigilância- DTG 2017

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Farmacovigilância- DTG 2017

Principais resultados coletados de abril a setembro de 2017 :

✓Incluídos 26.070 adultos naïve ART >18 anos

704 pacientes (2,7%) relataram 1.016 Eas

Aproximadamente 100 interrupções por EA

Fonte: Resultados apresentados no CROI, 2018. Abstract 494: SAFETY PROFILE OF DOLUTEGRAVIR: REAL-LIFE DATA OF LARGE SCALE IMPLEMENTATION IN BRAZIL, MS/SVS/DAIHV

349 (1,3%)

211(0,8%)148(0,6%) 128(0,5%)

40(0,2%) 40(0,2%) 26(0,1%)

Freq

uen

cia

de

EA p

or

sist

emas

N(%

)

EAs mais frequentemente reportados de abril a setembro 2017

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Estudo Tsepamo (R01HD080471), BotswanaDefeitos de Tubo Neural e IC 95% por exposição à TARV desde concepção

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Defeitos de Tubo Neural e IC 95% por exposição à TARV desde concepção

• DTG preconcepção: 4 crianças com DTN

• Todas nascidas em localidades diferentes

• Casos revisados por especialistas e controlados outros riscos (diabetes, uso de insulina, história epilepsia e uso de anticonvulsivantes)

• Nenhum caso de DTN entre mulheres que iniciaram DTG durante gestação (N=0/2749, 0,00%; 95% CI, 0.14%)

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*DHHS: < 8 wks from last menstrual period; BHIVA and WHO: first trimester.†DHHS: ≥ 8 wks from last menstrual period; BHIVA and WHO: second and third trimesters.

Guidance on the Use of DTG in Women

References in slidenotes. Adapted from Doherty M, et al. AIDS 2018. Session TUSY15. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

Currently Receiving DTG?

Pregnancy StatusRecommendation on DTG

DHHS[1] BHIVA[2] WHO[3]

No

Early pregnancy*

Late pregnancy†

Childbearing potential, no contraception

Childbearing potential, effective contraception

Yes

Early pregnancy*

Late pregnancy†

Childbearing potential, no contraception

Childbearing potential, effective contraception

DTG may be used Use DTG or another option Do not use DTG

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Distribuição de Casos:• 27 estados

• 166 municípios

• 227 serviços de saúde

15

18

23

25

43

47

67

23

18

12

10

9

8

87

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

1

1

1

429*MVHIV

engravidaram

em DTG

DTG em Mulheres- IVigilância Realizada no Brasil, jan. 2017-maio 2018

* Até 31/05/2018

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Resumo dos dados preliminares:▪ Nenhum caso de malformação congênita foi identificado, até o

momento, através dos nossos sistemas de vigilância.

▪ Vigilância ativa de 124 casos de gestantes expostas ao DTG

▪ Elaboração de Nota Informativa sobre as recomendações de ARV para mulheres em idade reprodutiva

▪ Modificações no Siclom - regras de dispensação para mulheres

DTG em Mulheres- IIVigilância Realizada no Brasil, jan. 2017-maio

2018

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DTG para MVHIV com possibilidade de engravidar

▪ MVHIV com possibilidade de engravidar não devem receber TARV contendo DTG

‒ Início de tratamento → genotipagem pré tratamento → EFZ

‒ Já em uso de DTG → Substituição →monitorar carga viral

▪ Uso de DTG está condicionado a método contraceptivo eficaz (DIU, implante hormonal)

18 Maio,2018

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DTG para Mulheres HIV negativa com indicação de PEP

▪ Mulheres HIV negativa com possibilidade de engravidar não devem receber PEP contendo DTG

‒ Indicação de ATV/r

‒ Teste de gravidez no baseline e em 4 semanas

‒ Oferta de contracepção de emergência

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Perspectivas

• Switch

• Tuberculose

• Segunda Linha

• Terapia Dupla

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STRIIVING: Switch From Suppressive ART to

Fixed-Dose DTG/ABC/3TC

• Randomized, open-label phase IIIB study

– Primary endpoint: HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Wk 24

– 12% to 13% of pts withdrew after randomization; ~ one half of withdrawals

were for protocol deviations

HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL

on stable ART ≥ 6 mos;

no previous virologic failure;

HLA-B*5701 negative

(N = 551)

DTG/3TC/ABC(n = 274)

Wk 48Wk 24

Trottier B, et al. ICAAC 2015.

*Containing 2 NRTIs plus NNRTI, PI, or INSTI.

Baseline ART*(n = 277)

DTG/3TC/ABC

PI NNRTI INSTI FTC/TDF

BL ART use, % 42 31 26 77

Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

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STRIIVING: Outcomes at Wk 24

• Switch to DTG/3TC/ABC

noninferior to continued BL ART

• Treatment difference (95% CI):

– ITT-exposed (E): -3.4 (-9.1 to 2.3)

– Per protocol (PP): -0.3 (-4.9 to 4.4)

• No cases of protocol-defined

virologic failure

– 3 pts in DTG/3TC/ABC arm (1%)

and 4 pts in BL ART arm (1%) had

HIV-1 RNA > 50 but < 100

copies/mL through Wk 24

• 11 pts discontinued for AEs in

DTG/3TC/ABC arm vs 0 in baseline

ART arm

• However, significantly greater

increase in treatment satisfaction

score from baseline to Wk 24 in

DTG/3TC/ABC arm vs baseline

ART arm (P < .001)

Trottier B, et al. Trottier Antivir Ther 2017.

52

100

80

60

40

20

0Virologic

Success

Virologic

Nonresponse

No Virologic Data

HIV

-1 R

NA

< 5

0 c

/mL (

%)

DTG/3TC/ABC (n = 274)

Baseline ART (n = 277)

:

DTG/3TC/ABC (n = 220)

Baseline ART (n = 215)

85 8893 93

1410

61 1 < 1

ITT-E:

PP

Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

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NEAT 022: Switch From Boosted PI to DTG

in Suppressed Pts With High CV Risk

• Switching to DTG noninferior to

continuing boosted PI through Wk 48

• Switching to DTG associated with

improved lipid profile vs continuing

boosted PI through Wk 48

Gatell JM et al. IAS 2017. Abstract TUAB0102.

▪ No emergent resistance in pts with VF

▪ No significant differences in grade 3/4 AEs, serious AEs, AE-related d/c

Virologic

SuccessVirologic

Nonresponse

No

Virologic

Data

ITT

Popula

tion (

%)

Treatment difference: -2.1%

(95% CI: -6.6% to 2.4%)

4.9 4.4

100

80

60

40

20

0

93.1 95.2

2.0 0.5

DTG

PI/RTV 10

5

0

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

DTG

PI/RTV0.7

-8.7-11.3

0.5

4.22.0

1.12.5

0.4

-18.4

-7.7 -7.0

TC Non-HDL-C TG

LDL-C

HDL-C TC/HD

L

Ratio

P < .001P < .001

P < .001

P < .001 P < .001

P = .286

Me

an

Ch

an

ge

Fro

m B

L to

Wk

48

(%

)

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INSPIRING: DTG BID + 2 NRTIs para pcts VT emuso de esquema para TB contend Rifampicina

• Análise interina de estudo aberto, randomizado fase IIIb

– Desfecho primário- HIV-1 RNA < 50 c/mL na semana 48 (FDA snapshot modificado, ITT-E)

– Pts da Africa do Sul, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Russia, Argentina, and Tailância

Dooley KE, et al. CROI 2018. Abstract 33. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

Pcts VT com HIV-1 RNA ≥

1000 c/mL e CD4+ cell ≥ 50

cells/mm3 e Tb sensível a RIF

(N = 113) EFV 600 mg QD + 2 NRTIs

(n = 44)

Wk 48

DTG 50 mg BID + 2 NRTIs

(n = 69)

*TB treatment containing RIF could be started up to 8 wks before randomization and no later than screening (28 to 14 days prior to

randomization). †DTG dose switch to occur 2 wks after TB treatment completed.

Wk

24†

DTG 50 mg QD + 2 NRTIs

(n = 69)

HRZE (2 mos)* HR (4 mos)TB treatment (all pts)

Randomization

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INSPIRING: Efficacy and PK Outcomes

Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

Virologic

Outcome

at Wk 24, n (%)

DTG +

2 NRTIs

(n = 69)

EFV +

2 NRTIs

(n = 69)

HIV-1 RNA

< 50 copies/mL56 (81) 39 (89)

HIV-1 RNA

≥ 50 copies/mL7 (10) 3 (7)

No virologic

data6 (9) 2 (5)

Dooley KE, et al. CROI 2018. Abstract 33.

Wk nDTG Concentration (Geometric

Mean), ng/mL (90% CI, %CV)

DTG 50 mg BID + RIF (TB Treatment Phase)

8 41 852 (208-2340, 118)

24 22 942 (19-3380, 276)

DTG 50 mg QD (Post-TB Treatment Phase)

36 16 1143 (80-4370, 151)

48 12 591 (19-3310, 359)

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Segunda Linha-DAWNING: NRTIs + DTG or LPV/RTV as Second-line ART

▪ International, randomized, open-label phase IIIb noninferiority study

▪ Primary endpoint: HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Wk 48 by FDA Snapshot algorithm with noninferiority margin of 12%

*Investigator-selected NRTIs; included ≥ 1 fully active NRTI according to HIV genotypic resistance testing at screening.†Based on recommendation by monitoring committee, protocol amended to allow discontinuation of LPV/RTV arm and crossover to DTG arm due to superior efficacy.

DTG + 2 NRTIs*(n = 312)

LPV/RTV + 2 NRTIs*†

(n = 312)

Aboud M, et al. AIDS 2018. Abstract THPEB040. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

Stratified by number of fully active NRTIs (2 vs < 2), HIV-1 RNA (≤ vs > 100,000

c/mL)

Patients with HIV infection and VF (2 instances of HIV-1 RNA ≥ 400 copies/mL) on first-line

NNRTI + 2 NRTIs; receiving first-line regimen ≥ 6 mos; no primary resistance to INSTIs or PIs

(N = 624)

Primary Endpoint

Wk 48

DTG + 2 NRTIscontinuation

phase

Wk 52

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Segunda LinhaDAWNING: Virologic Response at Wk 48

Aboud M, et al. AIDS 2018. Abstract THPEB040. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

DTG + 2 NRTIsLPV/RTV + 2 NRTIs

Virologic Outcomes Treatment Difference, % (95% CI)

*P < .001 for superiority.

13.8*

219/312

84

70

261/312

219/312

246/283

204/274

87

74

HIV

-1 R

NA

< 5

0 c

/mL

(%)

100

80

60

40

20

0

n/N =

ITT-E PP

DTGLPV/RTV

-12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20

24

ITT-E

PP

7.3 20.3

5.8 18.7

12.3

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Segunda Linha- DAWNING: Virologic Withdrawal and Treatment-Emergent

Mutations

▪ Met criteria for virologic withdrawal: DTG, n = 11; LPV/RTV, n = 30

‒ Treatment-emergent resistance: DTG, n = 2; LPV/RTV, n = 3

VW and Treatment-Emergent Mutations by BL NRTI Resistance

DTG + 2 NRTIs (n = 314)* LPV/RTV + 2 NRTIs (n = 310)

VW, n/N INSTI, n NRTI, n VW, n/N PI, n NRTI, n

M184I/V only 3/77 0 0 10/85 0 0

M184I/V + others, including K65R 4/184 2† 1† 10/167 0 2‡

K65R ± others, but not M184I/V 1/16 0 0 2/17 0 0

Others, excluding K65R and M184I/V

1/7 0 0 0 0 0

None 2/30 0 0 8/33 0 1§

*Includes 2 subjects randomized to LPV/RTV but treated with DTG. †Emergent G118R + D67N or H51H/Y, G118R, E138E/K, and R263R/K. ‡BL K65R + M184I/V in both with emergent K219K/Q or K219K/E + K70K/Q/R. §Emergent K70K/R + M184V.

Wang R, et al. AIDS 2018. Abstract THPEB071. Aboud M, et al. AIDS 2018. Abstract THPEB040.

Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

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Terapia DuplaGEMINI-1 and -2: DTG + 3TC vs DTG + TDF/FTC in

Treatment-Naive Patients

▪ Parallel, international, randomized, double-blind phase III noninferiority studies

▪ Primary endpoint: HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Week 48 by FDA Snapshot analysis

‒ Noninferiority margin: -10%

ART-naive adults with HIV-1 RNA 1000-500,000 copies/mL, ≤ 10 days

on previous ART, no major resistance associated mutation, no HBV

infection or HCV requiring therapy(N = 1433)

DTG + 3TC PO QD (n = 716)

DTG + TDF/FTC PO QD(n = 717)

Wk 144Primary Analysis

Wk 48 Stratified by HIV-1 RNA (≤ vs > 100,000

copies/mL), CD4+ cell count (≤ vs > 200 cells/mm³)

Cahn P, et al. AIDS 2018. Abstract TUAB0106LB. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02831673. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02831764. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

Screening within 28 days of study start; studies double-blinded until Wk 96, open-label until Wk 144.

Continuation of DTG + 3TC permitted

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Terapia Dupla- GEMINI-1 and -2: Response at Wk 48 by Baseline HIV-1 RNA and CD4+

Cell Count

▪ TRDF includes confirmed virologic withdrawal, withdrawal for lack of efficacy or treatment-related AEs, and participants meeting protocol-defined stopping criteria

Cahn P, et al. AIDS 2018. Abstract TUAB0106LB. Slide credit: clinicaloptions.com

Virologic Outcomes by TRDF Analysis

DTG + 3TC DTG + TDF/FTC

Pati

ents

Wit

ho

ut

TRD

F (%

)

Baseline CD4+Cell Count, cells/mm3

100

80

60

40

20

98

98 99 97 98 100

≤ 100,000 > 100,000

Baseline HIV-1RNA, c/mL

> 200 ≤ 200

566/576

553/564

138/140

149/153

642/653

647/662

62/63

55/55

98

98

Virologic Outcomes by FDA Snapshot Analysis

Baseline CD4+Cell Count, cells/mm3

100

80

60

40

20

91 94 92 90 93 93

79

93

≤ 100,000 > 100,000

Baseline HIV-1RNA, c/mL

> 200 ≤ 200

526/576

531/564

129/140

138/153

605/653

618/662

50/63

51/55

Pati

ents

Wit

hH

IV-1

RN

A <

50

c/m

L (%

)

n/N =n/N =00

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Conclusões

• A presença do Dolutegravir em primeira linha representou um avanço do PCDT. Esta estratégia se mostrou segura e eficaz no cuidado das PVHIV

• Atual ampliação do uso para Troca estável em larga escala para pacientes sem história de falha.

• Cuidados e necessidade de observação na implementação do seu uso em TB, Terapia dupla, Tratamento de segunda linha sem IP e Mulheres em idade fértil