Psychoactive drugs: Occurrence in aquatic environment, analytical
methods and ecotoxicity – a review
Deivisson Lopes Cunha1,2
, Frederico Goytacazes de Araujo1,3
& Marcia Marques1*
1Dep. of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University
(UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2Post-Graduation Program in Environment (PPGMA), UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Corresponding author: [email protected] (M. Marques) phone: +55 (21) 2334-0959
ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Table S.1: Physicochemical properties of the psychoactive drugs included in the
review.
Table S.2: Seven psychoactive drugs detected in different aqueous matrices.
Fig. S.1: Scientific publications per year included in this review (published until
January 31/2017).
Table S.1: Physicochemical properties of the psychoactive drugs included in the
review. S
ub
sta
nce
Ch
em
ical
form
ula
CA
S n
um
ber
Mo
lecu
lar
wei
gh
t
Melt
ing
po
int
(°C
)b
Den
sity
(g c
m-3
25
°C
)b
So
lub
ilit
y
(mg
L-1
25
°C)
og K
ow
pK
a
Hen
ry C
on
sta
nt
(atm
m3 m
ol-1
)b
alprazolam C17H13ClN4 28981-97-7 308.77a 229 1.4 ± 0.1 13.1a 2.12a 2.39c 5.11 x 10-10
bromazepam C14H10BrN3O 1812-30-2 316.15d 208 1.6 ± 0.1 175.2b 2.05b 12.24f 1.25 x 10-13
citalopram C20H21FN2O 59729-33-8 324.39d 182.5 1.2 ± 0.1 31.09b 3.74b 9.78f 1.55 x 10-9
clonazepam C15H10ClN3O3 1622-61-3 315.71d 237.5 1.5 ± 0.1 35.38b 2.41b 11.89f 7.02 x 10-13
diazepam C16H13ClN2O 439-14-5 284.75a 128* 1.3 ± 0.1 50a 2.82a 3.4e 6.50 x 10-10
lorazepam C15H10Cl2N2O2 846-49-1 321.17a 166 1.5 ± 0.1 80a 2.39a 13e 1.48 x 10-13
oxazepam C15H11ClN2O2 604-75-1 286.71c 200* 1.4 ± 0.1 20.71b 3.34b
1.7c
11.6c
1.10 x 10-13
* Approximate values per reference;
a (Mendoza et al. 2014a);
b Chemspider: available in: < http://www.chemspider.com/ >;
c (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010);
d PubChem: available in: < https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ >;
e (Idder et al. 2013);
f Drugbank: available in: < http://www.drugbank.ca/ >
Table S.2: Seven psychoactive drugs detected in different aqueous matrices.
Compound Aqueous
Matrix
Concentration
(ng L-1
) Country Reference
Alprazolam D-WWE 10 USA (Batt et al. 2008)
Alprazolam D-WWE 15 USA (Batt et al. 2008)
Alprazolam D-WWE 12 USA (Batt et al. 2008)
Alprazolam D-WWE 14 USA (Batt et al. 2008)
Alprazolam D-WWE 14 USA (Batt et al. 2008)
Alprazolam D-WWE 18 USA (Batt et al. 2008)
Alprazolam D-WWI 4 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Alprazolam D-WWE 1 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Alprazolam D-WWE 176 Spain (Postigo et al. 2011)
Alprazolam D-WWE 7 Spain (Gracia-Lor et al. 2011)
Alprazolam GW 6.4 Spain (Jurado et al. 2012)
Alprazolam DI-WWE 10 Spain (Gracia-Lor et al. 2012)
Alprazolam D-WWI 27 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Alprazolam SW 17 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Alprazolam D-WWE 17 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Alprazolam DW 11 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Alprazolam D-WWE 24 Portugal (Sousa et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 37.5 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 81.5 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 42.2 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 168 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 6.87 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 143 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 4.58 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 96.7 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam DH-WWI 19.1 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam DH-WWI 49.1 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam DH-WWE 11.3 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam DH-WWE 33.5 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Alprazolam H-WWI 30 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Alprazolam H-WWE 29 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Alprazolam D-WWI 2580 USA (Ottmar et al. 2013)
Alprazolam D-WWI 1930 USA (Ottmar et al. 2013)
Alprazolam D-WWE 70 USA (Ottmar et al. 2013)
Alprazolam D-WWE 60 USA (Ottmar et al. 2013)
Alprazolam SW 9.1 Spain (Mendoza et al. 2014b)
Alprazolam D-WWE 31 USA (Kostich et al. 2014)
Alprazolam SW 7.4 Spain (Moreno-González et al. 2014)
Alprazolam D-WWI 8.8 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Alprazolam D-WWE 8 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Alprazolam SW 9.1 Spain (Mendoza et al. 2014a)
Alprazolam D-WWE 8 Spain (Badia-Fabregat et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 11 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 8 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 14 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 11 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 17 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 12 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 13 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 10 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 12 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 6.79 Spain (Catalá et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 3 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 5 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 3.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 2.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 4.98 Spain (Banjac et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 6.79 Spain (Catalá et al. 2015)
Alprazolam H-WWI 20 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam H-WWI 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam H-WWI 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam H-WWI 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam H-WWI 30 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam H-WWI 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 20 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam LDI-WWI 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam LDI-WWE 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 20 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Alprazolam DI-WWI 12.6 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Alprazolam DI-WWI 8.77 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Alprazolam DI-WWE 8.21 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Alprazolam DI-WWE 6.2 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 23 Belgium (Vergeynst et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 8.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 8.4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 7.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 7.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 6.2 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 5.2 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 4.9 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 4.4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 4.1 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam DW 2.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam DW 2.5 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 2.5 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam DW 2.4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam DW 2.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam DW 2.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 3.9 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 4.3 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 0.3 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 0.7 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 5900 Brazil (Nunes et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 1 Portugal (Gonzalez-Rey et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWI 10.1 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Alprazolam D-WWE 6.94 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Alprazolam SW 8.1 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Alprazolam SW 7.8 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Alprazolam SW 2.5 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Alprazolam SW 6 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Alprazolam SW 1.57 Spain (Gabarrón et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 1.74 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWE 1.51 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWE 0.81 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Alprazolam H-WWI 37 Spain (Badia-Fabregat et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWE 31 USA (Batt et al. 2016)
Alprazolam SW 25 USA (Batt et al. 2016)
Alprazolam H-WWE 12.2 France (Bebianno et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 6.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 4.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 7.5 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 28.1 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 3.8 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 11 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 10.6 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 6 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 7.4 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 9.6 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 9.8 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 21.5 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 23.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 9.4 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 6.9 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 6.9 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 7.2 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 5.2 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 6.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam D-WWI 6.6 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Alprazolam PD-WWI 69 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Alprazolam PD-WWE 57 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Alprazolam PD-WWE 25 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Bromazepam D-WWE 15542 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Bromazepam D-WWI 3662 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Bromazepam SW 14 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2011)
Bromazepam SW 6 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Bromazepam SW 9 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Bromazepam SW 17 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Bromazepam SW 19 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Bromazepam H-WWI 40 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Bromazepam H-WWI 158 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Bromazepam D-WWE 32 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Bromazepam D-WWI 300* France (Ruel et al. 2012)
Bromazepam H-WWE 200 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 205 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 195 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 185 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 190 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 195 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 195 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 125 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 135 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 145 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 135 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 145 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 135 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam H-WWE 140 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Bromazepam D-WWE 17.4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWI 3.8 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWI 2.5 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWI 2.1 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWI 1.7 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWI 1.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWE 1.1 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWE 1 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWE 0.9 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWE 0.5 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Bromazepam SW 1.1 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWE 6.8 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Bromazepam D-WWE 9.2 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Bromazepam DI-WWI 68.5 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Bromazepam DI-WWI 94.2 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Bromazepam DI-WWE 37.8 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Bromazepam DI-WWE 25.8 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Bromazepam SW 0.73 France (Brieudes et al. 2016b)
Citalopram DH-WWI 13 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2006)
Citalopram DH-WWI 145 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2006)
Citalopram D-WWI 612 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2006)
Citalopram DH-WWE 9.2 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2006)
Citalopram DH-WWE 62 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2006)
Citalopram D-WWE 382 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2006)
Citalopram DI-WWE 840000 India (Larsson et al. 2007)
Citalopram D-WWI 307 Canada (MacLeod et al. 2007)
Citalopram D-WWE 207 Canada (MacLeod et al. 2007)
Citalopram D-WWE 212 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2008)
Citalopram D-WWE 57.8 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2008)
Citalopram D-WWI 52.2 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2008)
Citalopram D-WWI 52.7 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2008)
Citalopram SW 3.4 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2008)
Citalopram SW 11.5 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2008)
Citalopram SW 90 USA (Schultz and Furlong 2008)
Citalopram SW 40 USA (Schultz and Furlong 2008)
Citalopram SW 80 USA (Schultz and Furlong 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWI 62.9 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWI 101.5 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWI 303.6 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 85.9 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 89.3 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 40.1 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 33.7 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 238.4 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 24.9 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 21.9 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram DH-WWE 64.1 Norway (Vasskog et al. 2008)
Citalopram SW 15 Sweden (Khalaf et al. 2009)
Citalopram DI-WWE 430000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 2000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 4000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 4000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 5000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 6000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 400 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 76000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 45000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 500 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 8000 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram GW 76 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram GW 260 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram GW 1400 India (Fick et al. 2009)
Citalopram SW 120 Spain (González Alonso et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 219 USA (Schultz et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWE 431 Germany (Nödler et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 54 Germany (Nödler et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 48 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 51 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 47 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 48 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 62 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWE 52 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWE 50 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWE 51 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWE 55 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWE 59 Spain (Unceta et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 69 Spain (Rodríguez-Gil et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 31 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 88 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 152 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 83 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 219 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 193 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 170 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 242 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 208 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 57 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 164 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 35 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 46 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 75 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 151 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 75 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 62 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 41 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 106 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 30 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWI 90 Belgium (van Nuijs et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 10 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 206 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 99 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 14 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 63 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 33 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 4 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram SW 29 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram DI-WWI 223 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram DI-WWE 203 Canada (Metcalfe et al. 2010)
Citalopram D-WWE 208 Australia (Reungoat et al. 2011)
Citalopram H-WWI 670 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Citalopram D-WWE 180 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Citalopram D-WWI 160 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Citalopram DW 3.4 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Citalopram SW 0.45 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Citalopram SW 1.4 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Citalopram D-WWI 302 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWI 215 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWI 215 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWI 216 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWI 144 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWI 136 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWI 326 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 219 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 136 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 163 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 208 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 86 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 131 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 223 Canada (Lajeunesse et al. 2012)
Citalopram SW 280 USA (Ferrer and Thurman 2012)
Citalopram DH-WWI 124 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Citalopram DH-WWI 106 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Citalopram DH-WWE 115 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Citalopram DH-WWE 240 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Citalopram SW 112 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Citalopram SW 94 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Citalopram SW 86 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 200 Sweden (Breitholtz et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 190 Sweden (Breitholtz et al. 2012)
Citalopram DI-WWE 180 Sweden (Breitholtz et al. 2012)
Citalopram D-WWE 170 Sweden (Breitholtz et al. 2012)
Citalopram H-WWI 31 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 232 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 9.43 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 122 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 11.4 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 888 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 11.2 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 457 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram DH-WWE 17 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram DH-WWE 49.1 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram DH-WWI 12.7 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram DH-WWI 34.3 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 67 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram H-WWE 19 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram H-WWI 261 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram H-WWE 162 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram D-WWE 5 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram D-WWI 4 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram D-WWE 4 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram D-WWI 3 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram D-WWE 2 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram D-WWI 0.4 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Citalopram H-WWI 160 France (Saussereau et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 300 Denmark (Nielsen et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 300 Denmark (Nielsen et al. 2013)
Citalopram H-WWI 400 Denmark (Nielsen et al. 2013)
Citalopram D-WWE 5 China (Yuan et al. 2013b)
Citalopram D-WWI 3.5 China (Yuan et al. 2013b)
Citalopram DI-WWI 137.4 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 101.2 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 172 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 213.6 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 99.2 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 158.3 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 125.7 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 167.2 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 110.5 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWI 162.2 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWI 100.5 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWI 179.7 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWI 167.7 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWI 170.3 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWE 87.1 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWE 82.8 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram DI-WWE 89.7 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWE 94.9 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWE 95.6 Portugal (Silva et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWE 260 Sweden (Grabicova et al. 2014)
Citalopram SW 22 Spain (Moreno-González et al. 2014)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 180 Czech Republic (Golovko et al. 2014)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 120 Czech Republic (Golovko et al. 2014)
Citalopram SW 17 Poland (Giebułtowicz and Nałecz-Jawecki 2014)
Citalopram DW 1.5 Poland (Giebułtowicz and Nałecz-Jawecki 2014)
Citalopram SeaW 4.3 Israel (Nödler et al. 2014)
Citalopram SeaW 27 USA (Nödler et al. 2014)
Citalopram GW 13.1 Spain (Valhondo et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWE 20.6 China (Sheng et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWE 18.3 China (Sheng et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWE 28.8 China (Sheng et al. 2014)
Citalopram SW 79 Brazil (Thomas et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWE 250 Sweden (Ek et al. 2014)
Citalopram D-WWI 200 Sweden (Ek et al. 2014)
Citalopram SW 29 Czech Republic (Grabicova et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 165* Spain (Jelic et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 125* Spain (Jelic et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 16.7 Portugal (Moreira et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 3.1 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 4.5 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 3.6 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 1.8 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 13 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 4.4 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 5.3 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 2.9 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 5.9 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 3.8 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 4.3 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 3.5 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 1.9 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 3.4 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 6.3 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 9.6 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 9.4 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 7.6 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 11 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 9.2 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 62 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 8.7 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 8.2 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 9.5 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 12 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 9.4 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 8.7 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 4 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 5.4 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 4.4 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 96 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 160 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 180 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 180 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 120 Germany (Schlüsener et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 650 UK (Evans et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 53 UK (Evans et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 4.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 136.2 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 35.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 25.4 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 17.5 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 1.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 0.33 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 139.8 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 11.6 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 10.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 9.7 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 6 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 3.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 138.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 6.4 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 16.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 8.6 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 6.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 23.3 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 19.7 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 23.8 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 20.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Citalopram SW 31.83 Spain (Banjac et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 340 UK (Petrie et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWE 323 UK (Petrie et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWE 150* Portugal (Ribeiro et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 295.4 Spain (Llorens-Blanch et al. 2015)
Citalopram H-WWE 24.7 France (Bonnafé et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 219.3 Germany (Gurke et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 186 Germany (Gurke et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 232 Germany (Gurke et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 157 Germany (Gurke et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 197 Germany (Gurke et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 179.5 Germany (Gurke et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWI 86 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015b)
Citalopram D-WWE 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015b)
Citalopram D-WWI 110 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWI 93 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWI 87 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWI 107 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWE 110 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWE 91 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWE 83 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWE 102 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Citalopram D-WWI 31.8 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 29.8 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Citalopram D-WWE 1010 Greece (Beretsou et al. 2016)
Citalopram DH-WWI 719 Spain (Gonzalez-Gil et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 244 UK (Petrie et al. 2016a)
Citalopram SW 11.55 Spain (Gabarrón et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 2100 Spain (Miralles-Cuevas et al. 2017)
Citalopram SW 3.69 France (Brieudes et al. 2016a)
Citalopram SW 0.9 USA (Glassmeyer et al. 2017)
Citalopram SW 4.7 Spain (Huerta et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 130 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 132 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 59 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 26.9 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 163 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 12.2 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 17.7 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 22 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 127 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 101 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 2040 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 1630 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 192 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 540 Greenland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 151 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 117 Faroe Islands (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 82.2 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 104 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 69.2 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 130 Iceland (Huber et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 103.03 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 112.68 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 45.98 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 47.58 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 155.64 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 159.98 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 122.43 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 108.52 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 93 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016a)
Citalopram D-WWE 91 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016a)
Citalopram SeaW 5.4 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 8 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 1.4 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 4.6 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 2.1 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 2.5 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 3.5 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 2.3 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 2.4 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 2 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram SeaW 0.9 Greece (Alygizakis et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 20.4 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 61.4 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWI 35.7 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 67.4 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 28.9 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 331.6 Spain (Farré et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 360.6 Spain (Farré et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 237.2 Spain (Farré et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWI 205.6 Spain (Farré et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 65.8 Spain (Farré et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 2.6 Spain (Farré et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 6.92 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 15.3 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 26.9 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 36.9 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 11.7 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 13.5 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 18.6 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 467 USA (Harding et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 408.3 USA (Harding et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 389.1 USA (Harding et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 600.6 USA (Harding et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 336.6 USA (Harding et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 1328.9 USA (Harding et al. 2016)
Citalopram D-WWE 1.5 USA (Harding et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWI 15 Spain (Badia-Fabregat et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWI 266 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWI 493 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWI 582 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWI 150 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWE 135 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWI 514 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWE 25 France (Bebianno et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWE 56 France (Bebianno et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 274 Finland (Meierjohann et al. 2016)
Citalopram DHI-WWE 7525 Spain (Freitas et al. 2017)
Citalopram SW 7.52 France (Brieudes et al. 2016b)
Citalopram DI-WWI 89 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 86 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 71 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 167 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 99 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 98 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 78 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 55 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 303 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 189 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 338 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 66 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 100 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 29 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 119 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 87 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 136 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 100 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 48 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 37 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 54 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 93 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 90 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 22 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 136 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 65 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 172 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 134 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 38 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 24 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 28 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 170 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 90 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 54 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 77 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 103 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 81 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 145 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 133 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 64 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 170 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 359 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 165 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 52 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 62 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 35 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 59 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 212 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 190 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 222 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 224 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 188 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 145 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 128 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 60 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 33 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 21 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 34 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 31 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 30 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 36 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 183 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 109 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 236 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram DI-WWI 247 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Citalopram D-WWI 113 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 90 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 83 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 88 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 93 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 75 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 83 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 85 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 105 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 66 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 91 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 71 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 88 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 109 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 102 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 90 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 111 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 111 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 108 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 118 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 139 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 121 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 126 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 118 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 127 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 127 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 139 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 115 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 154 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 113 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 36 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 144 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 64 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 124 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 117 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 77 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 178 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 121 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 204 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 127 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 311 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 320 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 351 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 247 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 126 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 74 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 82 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 85 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 93 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 105 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 98 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 101 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 79 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 82 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram D-WWI 68 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Citalopram H-WWE 98 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016d)
Citalopram H-WWE 20 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016d)
Citalopram H-WWI 80 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016d)
Citalopram D-WWE 2100 Spain (Miralles-Cuevas et al. 2016)
Citalopram H-WWI 500 Spain (Munoz et al. 2016)
Citalopram SW 18.2 USA (Schroeder et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWE 390 USA (Schroeder et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWI 16 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWE 35 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWI 7.4 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWI 6.9 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWE 12 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWI 62 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWE 95 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWI 54 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWE 412 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram DI-WWI 5.9 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram DI-WWE 7.7 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWI 15.1 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWE 23.1 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2017)
Citalopram D-WWE 61.4 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2017)
Clonazepam H-WWE 130 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 125 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 145 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 145 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 140 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 120 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 135 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 55 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 54 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 60 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 49 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 65 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 60 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Clonazepam H-WWE 55 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam D-WWE 40 Germany (Ternes 1998)
Diazepam DW 23.5 Italy (Zuccato et al. 2000)
Diazepam SW 0.7 Italy (Zuccato et al. 2000)
Diazepam D-WWE 53 Germany (Ternes et al. 2001)
Diazepam SW 33 Germany (Ternes et al. 2001)
Diazepam SW 1.3 USA (Vanderford et al. 2003)
Diazepam SW 2.13 Italy (Calamari et al. 2003)
Diazepam DHI-WWI 590 Belgium (Ven et al. 2004)
Diazepam DHI-WWI 1180 Belgium (Ven et al. 2004)
Diazepam DHI-WWE 660 Belgium (Ven et al. 2004)
Diazepam SW 2 Germany (Hummel et al. 2006)
Diazepam D-WWE 3.7 USA (Vanderford and Snyder 2006)
Diazepam SW 33.6 Romania (Moldovan 2006)
Diazepam D-WWI 80.0 Germany (Gebhardt and Schroder 2007)
Diazepam D-WWE 70.0 Germany (Gebhardt and Schroder 2007)
Diazepam D-WWE 58 USA (Snyder et al. 2007)
Diazepam D-WWE 7.4 USA (Wert et al. 2009)
Diazepam DW 0.47 USA (Benotti et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWI 13 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWI 9 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWI 9 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWI 16 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWE 8 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWE 3 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWE 2 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam S-WWE 5 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam SW 5 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam SW 1 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam SW 5 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam SW 1 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam SW 4 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam SW 4 China (Shao et al. 2009)
Diazepam DHI-WWE 4000 USA (Phillips et al. 2010)
Diazepam D-WWE 18.92 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2010)
Diazepam SW 6.52 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2010)
Diazepam SW 4 South Korea (Yoon et al. 2010)
Diazepam D-WWI 40 USA (Bisceglia et al. 2010)
Diazepam D-WWE 40 USA (Bisceglia et al. 2010)
Diazepam D-WWE 27 Germany (Nödler et al. 2010)
Diazepam SW 10 Germany (Nödler et al. 2010)
Diazepam SW 59 Spain (Rodríguez-Gil et al. 2010)
Diazepam D-WWE 11 France (Creusot et al. 2010)
Diazepam SW 21 Spain (Martínez Bueno et al. 2010)
Diazepam SW 12 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2011)
Diazepam D-WWE 6.2 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2011)
Diazepam SW 569 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2011)
Diazepam SW 2.68 Spain (Silva et al. 2011)
Diazepam EW 2.68 Spain (Silva et al. 2011)
Diazepam SW 90 Spain (Valcárcel et al. 2011)
Diazepam SW 17 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 28 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 21 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 20 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 6 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 69 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 13 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam H-WWI 27 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam H-WWI 49 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam H-WWI 17 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam H-WWI 111 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWI 21 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWI 25 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWE 21 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWE 22 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWE 18 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWE 22 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 40.9 Spain (Valcárcel et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 140 China (Heeb et al. 2012)
Diazepam H-WWI 69 Switzerland (Kovalova et al. 2012)
Diazepam D-WWE 44.25 Spain (Cabeza et al. 2012)
Diazepam GW 3.88 Spain (Cabeza et al. 2012)
Diazepam GW 8 Spain (Cabeza et al. 2012)
Diazepam GW 8.28 Spain (Cabeza et al. 2012)
Diazepam DI-WWI 17 Spain (Dolar et al. 2012)
Diazepam D-WWE 68 Spain (Prieto-Rodriguez et al. 2012)
Diazepam EW 8.6 Spain (Vazquez-Roig et al. 2012)
Diazepam D-WWE 10 Italy (Al Aukidy et al. 2012)
Diazepam GW 19.4 Spain (Jurado et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 4.1 Spain (Jurado et al. 2012)
Diazepam H-WWI 21 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Diazepam H-WWI 38 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWI 2 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWI 10 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWI 5 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWI 16 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Diazepam DH-WWE 10 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Diazepam DI-WWI 3.2 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Diazepam DI-WWI 3.7 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Diazepam D-WWI 7.4 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Diazepam D-WWE 3.5 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Diazepam DI-WWE 5.2 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Diazepam DI-WWE 5.1 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Diazepam SW 15* Ukraine (Vystavna et al. 2012)
Diazepam D-WWE 5 Netherlands (van der Aa et al. 2013)
Diazepam GW 35.1 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2013)
Diazepam SW 32 Spain (Proia et al. 2013)
Diazepam SW 0.9 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Diazepam SW 0.7 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Diazepam SW 1.1 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Diazepam D-WWI 8 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Diazepam D-WWE 7.1 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Diazepam H-WWI 31.1 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWI 12.2 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWI 29.6 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWI 31.9 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWI 49.1 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam DH-WWE 6.53 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam DH-WWE 8.81 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam DH-WWI 7.63 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 645 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 645 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 645 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 660 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 655 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 641 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 645 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 645 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 560 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 580 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 560 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 565 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 585 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam H-WWE 570 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Diazepam SW 50 Spain (Valcárcel et al. 2013)
Diazepam D-WWE 19 Spain (Rodríguez-Navas et al. 2013)
Diazepam D-WWE 18 Spain (Rodríguez-Navas et al. 2013)
Diazepam SW 55.7 Spain (Mendoza et al. 2014b)
Diazepam SW 5 Spain (Moreno-González et al. 2014)
Diazepam D-WWI 7.9 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Diazepam D-WWE 3.2 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Diazepam SW 55.7 Spain (Mendoza et al. 2014a)
Diazepam D-WWE 720 Jordan (Zemann et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 38 Spain (Badia-Fabregat et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 138.33 Spain (Catalá et al. 2015)
Diazepam EW 4.21 China (Zhao et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 10.6 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 0.6 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 0.8 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 2.5 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 2.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 2.5 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 1.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 4.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 0.8 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 0.7 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 0.4 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 7.3 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 0.5 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 0.4 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 5.6 Spain (Pascual-Aguilar et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 4.6 Spain (Pascual-Aguilar et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 6 Spain (Pascual-Aguilar et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 6.3 Spain (Pascual-Aguilar et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 35.51 Spain (Banjac et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 138.33 Spain (Catalá et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 4 UK (Miller et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWI 100 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 20 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam LDI-WWE 10 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWI 4.57 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWI 9.78 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWE 3.45 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWE 4 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Diazepam SW 24.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWI 15.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 15.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 13 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWI 12.9 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 12.2 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWI 10.4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWI 5.5 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 5.1 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWI 3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 2.7 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam DW 1.9 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 28 UK (Schnell et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 1 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 2.6 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 2 Portugal (Gonzalez-Rey et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 34.2 France (Bonnafé et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 595 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 442 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 579 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 619 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 558 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 464 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 593 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 440 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 442 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 425 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 437 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 439 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 451 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam H-WWE 453 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 615 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 524 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 619 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 605 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 591 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 527 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam SW 625 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWI 59 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWI 69.3 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWE 60 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Diazepam DI-WWE 63.2 Spain (Arbeláez et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWE 238 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Diazepam D-WWI 196 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Diazepam DH-WWI 434 Spain (Gonzalez-Gil et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 0.14 Spain (Aymerich et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 2 Spain (Aymerich et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 4 Spain (Aymerich et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 25.8 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 3.1 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 2.3 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 4 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 1.37 Spain (Gabarrón et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 9.4 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 4.1 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 1.7 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 2.4 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 4.4 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 1.4 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 2.2 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 0.7 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 4 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 6.2 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 7.4 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 20.1 Spain (García-Galán et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 14.18 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 9.96 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 15.78 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 4.51 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 6.18 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 5.89 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 5.12 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 14.83 Spain (Lorenzo-Toja et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 1.65 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 3.13 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 2.16 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 2.61 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 3.33 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 5.91 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 1.34 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 0.642 Mexico (Estrada-Arriaga et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 38.9 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2016)
Diazepam DHI-WWE 45.5 Portugal (Paíga et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 12 Spain (Andreu et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 3 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 2 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 3 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 41 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 22 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 3 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWI 3 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 0.45 Canada (Solla et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 2.61 China (Sun et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWI 244 Spain (Badia-Fabregat et al. 2016)
Diazepam D-WWE 114 Spain (Candela et al. 2016)
Diazepam GW 20 Spain (Candela et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWI 2 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWI 5 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWI 2 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWE 2 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWI 5 Canada (Kleywegt et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWE 34 France (Bebianno et al. 2016)
Diazepam H-WWE 101 France (Bebianno et al. 2016)
Diazepam SW 0.38 France (Brieudes et al. 2016b)
Diazepam SW 2.85 USA (Schroeder et al. 2017)
Diazepam DW 0.85 USA (Benson et al. 2017)
Diazepam PD-WWI 85 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Diazepam PD-WWE 100 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Diazepam PD-WWI 62 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Diazepam PD-WWE 28 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 130 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 86 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 88 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 114 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 93 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 39 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 31 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 196 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam SW 29 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam SW 34 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam SW 9 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam SW 39 France (Coetsier et al. 2009)
Lorazepam SW 40 Spain (Gros et al. 2010)
Lorazepam D-WWE 114.92 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2010)
Lorazepam SW 22.58 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2010)
Lorazepam SW 41.27 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2010)
Lorazepam D-WWE 60 Spain (Gracia-Lor et al. 2010)
Lorazepam D-WWE 532 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Lorazepam D-WWI 502 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Lorazepam D-WWI 100* Spain (Jelic et al. 2011)
Lorazepam D-WWE 75* Spain (Jelic et al. 2011)
Lorazepam DW 4 France (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé 2011)
Lorazepam SW 2.1 France (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé 2011)
Lorazepam GW 1.2 France (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé 2011)
Lorazepam D-WWE 81 Spain (Gracia-Lor et al. 2011)
Lorazepam SW 46.13 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2011)
Lorazepam SW 46.1 Spain (Silva et al. 2011)
Lorazepam D-WWE 240 Portugal (Sousa et al. 2011)
Lorazepam D-WWE 438 Portugal (Sousa et al. 2011)
Lorazepam SW 1.7 France (Vulliet et al. 2011)
Lorazepam SW 39.8 Spain (Valcárcel et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 74 Spain (Dolar et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 46 Italy (Al Aukidy et al. 2012)
Lorazepam D-WWE 82 Italy (Al Aukidy et al. 2012)
Lorazepam GW 39.7 Spain (Jurado et al. 2012)
Lorazepam SW 25 Spain (Jurado et al. 2012)
Lorazepam SW 50.2 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2012a)
Lorazepam H-WWI 620 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam H-WWI 790 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam H-WWI 170 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam H-WWI 200 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam H-WWI 460 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam H-WWI 700 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DH-WWI 170 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DH-WWI 250 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DH-WWE 80 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DH-WWE 140 Italy (Verlicchi et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DH-WWI 143 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DH-WWI 41 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DH-WWE 108 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Lorazepam SW 19 Spain (Gros et al. 2012)
Lorazepam SW 50.2 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2012b)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 160 Spain (Gracia-Lor et al. 2012)
Lorazepam D-WWI 2.1 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 64 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 93 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Lorazepam D-WWE 1.2 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 50 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 64 Spain (Ginebreda et al. 2012)
Lorazepam D-WWI 10598 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Lorazepam D-WWE 689 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Lorazepam DW 562 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Lorazepam SW 167 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Lorazepam SW 34 Serbia (Radović et al. 2012)
Lorazepam D-WWE 138 Portugal (Sousa et al. 2013)
Lorazepam GW 54 Spain (López-Serna et al. 2013)
Lorazepam SW 705.5 Spain (Proia et al. 2013)
Lorazepam D-WWE 920 Spain (Ibáñez et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 107 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 1325 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 151 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 520 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 28.2 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 320 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 43.9 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 551 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam DH-WWI 221 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam DH-WWI 446 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam DH-WWE 175 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam DH-WWE 347 Portugal (Santos et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 95 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 85 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 90 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 95 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 100 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 105 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 100 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 40 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 45 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 38 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 40 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 45 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 50 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWE 40 Brazil (Almeida et al. 2013)
Lorazepam D-WWE 13 USA (Wang and Gardinali 2013)
Lorazepam SW 49.1 Portugal (Gonçalves et al. 2013)
Lorazepam H-WWI 294 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Lorazepam H-WWE 205 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Lorazepam D-WWI 36 France (Mailler et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 167 Spain (Mendoza et al. 2014b)
Lorazepam SW 117.1 Spain (Moreno-González et al. 2014)
Lorazepam D-WWE 184 Serbia (Petrović et al. 2014)
Lorazepam SW 30.1 Serbia (Petrović et al. 2014)
Lorazepam D-WWI 61 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Lorazepam D-WWE 40 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Lorazepam SW 167 Spain (Mendoza et al. 2014a)
Lorazepam D-WWI 7 USA (Lara-Martín et al. 2014)
Lorazepam D-WWE 3 USA (Lara-Martín et al. 2014)
Lorazepam LE 89900 USA (Masoner et al. 2014)
Lorazepam D-WWI 50* Spain (Jelic et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 50* Spain (Jelic et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 23 France (Mailler et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 13 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 18 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 44 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 52 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 109 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 58 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 81 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 46 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 74 Spain (Boix et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 123 Spain (Catalá et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 312.8 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 68 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 42.7 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 25.4 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 146.6 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 11.3 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 9.3 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 6.4 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 9.2 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 320.3 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 7.4 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 25.1 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 7.9 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 41.7 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 34.49 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 44.2 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 32.3 Spain (Acuña et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 187.87 Spain (Banjac et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 123 Spain (Catalá et al. 2015)
Lorazepam H-WWI 50 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam H-WWI 20 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam H-WWI 80 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam H-WWI 70 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam H-WWI 30 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam H-WWI 100 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 50 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam LDI-WWI 30 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 30 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 50 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam LDI-WWE 30 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 85.5 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 114 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 33 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 34.3 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 40.7 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 38.8 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 38.2 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 33.4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 27.7 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 3.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 3.4 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 2.8 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 1.7 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 1.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 54 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 6.1 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 25 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 24 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SeaW 41.8 Spain (Moreno-González et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 443.8 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 58.5 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 74.6 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DHI-WWI 196.5 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 38.4 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 97.7 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 65.5 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DHI-WWI 330.2 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 58.5 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWI 62.4 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 294.1 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DHI-WWI 109.3 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 475.8 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 59.2 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 58.5 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 202.5 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 22.8 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 185.1 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 233.5 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 399.8 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 29.3 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 306.7 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 246.8 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 154.2 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 211.7 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 158.3 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam DHI-WWE 45.2 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 182.3 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 107.3 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 55.1 Portugal (Pereira et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 78 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 78 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 68 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 103 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 10 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 99 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 67 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 46 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 40 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 54 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 25 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 15 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 5 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 19 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 34 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 10 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 31 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 69 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 90 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 17 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 37 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 279 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 5 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 6 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 12 Canada (Ghoshdastidar et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 84.8 Spain (Llorens-Blanch et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 37 Serbia (Radović et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 9 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 11.2 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 4.4 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 2.2 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 4 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 4.7 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 4.3 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 3.9 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 5.8 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 4.4 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 2.3 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 2.5 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 1.9 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 1.6 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 2.1 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 37.3 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 13.8 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 19.6 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 12 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 24.6 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWE 41.8 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Lorazepam D-WWI 23.6 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Lorazepam SW 23 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Lorazepam SW 51.2 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Lorazepam SW 14.6 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Lorazepam SW 47.4 Spain (Mastroianni et al. 2016)
Lorazepam SW 17.51 Spain (Gabarrón et al. 2016)
Lorazepam D-WWE 15 France (Mailler et al. 2016)
Lorazepam D-WWI 59 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Lorazepam D-WWI 28 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Lorazepam D-WWI 9 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Lorazepam D-WWI 33 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Lorazepam D-WWI 5 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Lorazepam EW 2.3 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Lorazepam EW 1.4 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Lorazepam EW 1.6 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Lorazepam EW 1.2 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Lorazepam EW 5.9 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Lorazepam H-WWI 60 Spain (Badia-Fabregat et al. 2016)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 28.6 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 47.4 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 41.4 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Lorazepam DI-WWE 123.5 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Lorazepam SW 8.8 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Lorazepam SW 3.9 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Lorazepam SW 20 Serbia (Kovacevic et al. 2017)
Lorazepam SW 34 Serbia (Kovacevic et al. 2017)
Lorazepam GW 4 Serbia (Kovacevic et al. 2017)
Lorazepam GW 30 Serbia (Kovacevic et al. 2017)
Lorazepam SW 3.02 France (Brieudes et al. 2016b)
Lorazepam PD-WWI 95 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Lorazepam PD-WWE 47 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Lorazepam PD-WWI 31 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Lorazepam PD-WWE 22 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWE 250 Germany (Heberer 2002)
Oxazepam D-WWI 860 Germany (Hummel et al. 2006)
Oxazepam D-WWE 630 Germany (Hummel et al. 2006)
Oxazepam SW 400 Germany (Hummel et al. 2006)
Oxazepam D-WWI 190 Germany (Wick et al. 2009)
Oxazepam D-WWE 180 Germany (Wick et al. 2009)
Oxazepam SW 28 Sweden (Khalaf et al. 2009)
Oxazepam D-WWE 540 Sweden (Lavén et al. 2009)
Oxazepam D-WWI 400 Sweden (Lavén et al. 2009)
Oxazepam SW 129 Spain (González Alonso et al. 2010))
Oxazepam D-WWI 1218 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Oxazepam D-WWE 324 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2010)
Oxazepam SW 13 Sweden (Magner et al. 2010)
Oxazepam GW 210 Australia (Bekele et al. 2011)
Oxazepam SW 46 Spain (Huerta-Fontela et al. 2011)
Oxazepam D-WWE 960 Australia (Reungoat et al. 2011)
Oxazepam DW 48 France (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé 2011)
Oxazepam SW 25.1 France (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé 2011)
Oxazepam GW 20 France (Vulliet and Cren-Olivé 2011)
Oxazepam DW 91 France (Deblonde et al. 2011)
Oxazepam SW 17.4 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2011)
Oxazepam D-WWI 113.8 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2011)
Oxazepam D-WWE 82.8 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2011)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 255 Switzerland (Bundschuh et al. 2011)
Oxazepam SW 57 France (Vulliet et al. 2011)
Oxazepam DW 2.5 France (Vulliet et al. 2011)
Oxazepam SW 68.7 France (Mompelat et al. 2011)
Oxazepam DW 12.2 France (Mompelat et al. 2011)
Oxazepam D-WWI 180 Germany (Hass et al. 2011)
Oxazepam D-WWE 180 Germany (Hass et al. 2011)
Oxazepam H-WWI 2200 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Oxazepam D-WWI 310 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Oxazepam D-WWE 290 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Oxazepam DW 3.1 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Oxazepam SW 3.5 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Oxazepam SW 1.9 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Oxazepam SW 2.3 Sweden (Wahlberg et al. 2011)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 140 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 140 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 80 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 80 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 140 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 160 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 30 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 30 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 40 Germany (Hass et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 11 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 21 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 30 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 31 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DH-WWI 58 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DH-WWI 54 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DH-WWE 28 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DH-WWE 46 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DH-WWE 84 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DH-WWE 133 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam H-WWI 41 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam H-WWI 72 Slovenia (Kosjek et al. 2012)
Oxazepam H-WWI 1123 Switzerland (Kovalova et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWE 586 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 908 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWE 476 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 367 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWE 994 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWI 494 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 882 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWI 430 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 245 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWI 915 Netherlands (Bijlsma et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWE 270 Sweden (Breitholtz et al. 2012)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 190 Sweden (Breitholtz et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWE 390 Sweden (Breitholtz et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWE 84 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Oxazepam D-WWI 83 Spain (Esteban et al. 2012)
Oxazepam SW 580 Sweden (Brodin et al. 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWE 730 Sweden (Brodin et al. 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWI 2020 Netherlands (van der Aa et al. 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWE 1746 Netherlands (van der Aa et al. 2013)
Oxazepam SW 68 Netherlands (van der Aa et al. 2013)
Oxazepam DW 13 Netherlands (van der Aa et al. 2013)
Oxazepam SW 51 France (Idder et al. 2013)
Oxazepam SW 16.1 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Oxazepam SW 4.7 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Oxazepam SW 5.4 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Oxazepam SW 15.4 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Oxazepam SW 20.6 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWI 155.1 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWE 85.3 UK (Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern 2013)
Oxazepam DH-WWE 350 Switzerland (Margot et al. 2013)
Oxazepam DH-WWI 305 Switzerland (Margot et al. 2013)
Oxazepam H-WWI 942 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Oxazepam H-WWE 751.7 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Oxazepam H-WWI 286 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Oxazepam H-WWE 186 China (Yuan et al. 2013a)
Oxazepam D-WWE 858 Spain (Rodríguez-Navas et al. 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWE 1365 Spain (Rodríguez-Navas et al. 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWE 56.17 Spain (Rodríguez-Navas et al. 2013)
Oxazepam D-WWE 3817 Spain (Rodríguez-Navas et al. 2013)
Oxazepam SW 37 France (Cimetiere et al. 2013)
Oxazepam DH-WWI 1160 France (Saussereau et al. 2013)
Oxazepam DH-WWE 1130 France (Saussereau et al. 2013)
Oxazepam H-WWI 1120 France (Saussereau et al. 2013)
Oxazepam SW 1400* France (Piel et al. 2013)
Oxazepam H-WWE 251 Switzerland (Lee et al. 2014)
Oxazepam D-WWI 82 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Oxazepam D-WWE 70 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2014)
Oxazepam DHI-WWE 94 Czech Republic (Golovko et al. 2014)
Oxazepam DHI-WWI 77 Czech Republic (Golovko et al. 2014)
Oxazepam LE 3760 USA (Masoner et al. 2014)
Oxazepam D-WWE 620 Sweden (Ek et al. 2014)
Oxazepam D-WWI 540 Sweden (Ek et al. 2014)
Oxazepam SW 12 Czech Republic (Grabicova et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 615 France (Mailler et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 210 France (Mailler et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 210 Sweden (Klaminder et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 768 Spain (Badia-Fabregat et al. 2015)
Oxazepam GW 42.02 France (Lopez et al. 2015)
Oxazepam H-WWI 30 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Oxazepam H-WWI 60 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 50 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 30 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 40 USA (Oliveira et al. 2015)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 16.9 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 9.3 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 14.4 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 10.8 USA (Subedi and Kannan 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 12 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 10.8 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 9 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 8.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 8.2 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 6.7 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 6.5 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 6.5 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 6.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 5.6 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 3.3 China (Wu et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 895 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 1410 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 21 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 28 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 129 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 269 France (Aminot et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 70 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 91 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 110 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 152 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 9 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 79 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 70 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 50 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 37 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 44 Spain (Racamonde et al. 2015)
Oxazepam H-WWE 6879.6 France (Bonnafé et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 129 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015b)
Oxazepam D-WWE 83 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 280 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam D-WWI 124 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam D-WWI 106 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam D-WWI 115 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam D-WWE 240 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam D-WWE 112 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam D-WWE 94 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam D-WWE 86 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2015a)
Oxazepam SW 27.2 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 32.9 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 22.2 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 25.5 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 33.2 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 36.3 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 31.7 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 23.2 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 26.3 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 34.2 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 18.3 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 12.9 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 43 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 9.1 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 26.3 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 208.5 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 154 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 209.5 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 104 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 307 France (Camilleri et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWE 38.2 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Oxazepam D-WWI 25 India (Subedi et al. 2015)
Oxazepam SW 50.9 France (Lardy-Fontan et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 149 Denmark (Arriaga et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 206 Denmark (Arriaga et al. 2016)
Oxazepam SW 48.9 France (Brieudes et al. 2016a)
Oxazepam D-WWI 124 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016a)
Oxazepam D-WWE 112 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016a)
Oxazepam D-WWE 239 France (Mailler et al. 2016)
Oxazepam GW 10 UK (Manamsa et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 184 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 281 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 73 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 98 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 83 UK (Castrignanò et al. 2016)
Oxazepam EW 21 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Oxazepam EW 23 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Oxazepam EW 24 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Oxazepam EW 30 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Oxazepam EW 12 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Oxazepam EW 13 France (Aminot et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 167.5 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 286.5 France (Chiffre et al. 2016)
Oxazepam H-WWE 6880 France (Bebianno et al. 2016)
Oxazepam H-WWE 7434 France (Bebianno et al. 2016)
Oxazepam SW 51 France (Brieudes et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 65.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 52.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 94.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 191.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 56.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 84 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 104.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 146.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 138.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 50.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 54 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 104 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 104 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 50 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 43 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 80.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 135.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 90 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 117 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 106 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 74.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 208 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 152.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 60.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 136.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 108.7 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 161.3 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 204 USA (Stamper et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWI 240* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWE 100* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam D-WWE 50* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam LE 20* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DHI-WWI 450* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DHI-WWI 600* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DHI-WWE 400* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DHI-WWE 50* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam SW 260* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam SW 100* Sweden (Björklund et al. 2016)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 26 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 30 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 25 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 111 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 109 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 80 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 74 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 65 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 97 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 171 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 187 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 131 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 128 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 92 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 133 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 228 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 17 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 51 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 18 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 10 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 128 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 48 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 66 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 41 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 62 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 18 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 25 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 30 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 22 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 24 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 105 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 102 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 180 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 143 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 83 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 49 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 30 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 106 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 41 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 76 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 28 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 31 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 23 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 39 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 126 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 108 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 132 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 142 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 24 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 26 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 16 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 11 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 12 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 13 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 13 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 18 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 20 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 24 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 32 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 19 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 39 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 43 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016c)
Oxazepam D-WWI 101 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 112 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 113 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 122 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 124 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 114 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 100 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 105 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 115 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 89 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 111 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 129 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 168 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 168 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 191 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 163 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 182 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 186 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 194 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 66 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 74 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 86 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 84 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 88 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 92 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 116 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 103 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 401 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 173 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 101 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 264 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 14 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 24 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 23 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 16 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 129 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 86 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 184 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 169 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 98 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 139 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 126 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 89 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 31 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 77 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 49 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 54 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 60 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 55 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 66 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 57 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 57 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 58 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam D-WWI 66 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016b)
Oxazepam H-WWE 113 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016d)
Oxazepam H-WWE 17 Slovakia (Mackuľak et al. 2016d)
Oxazepam H-WWI 28 Czech Republic (Mackuľak et al. 2016d)
Oxazepam D-WWI 65 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWE 97 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWI 3300 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWE 3800 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWI 78 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWE 80 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWI 370 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWE 130 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam DI-WWI 350 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam DI-WWE 290 Sweden (Gros et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWE 15 Canada (Comtois-Marotte et al. 2017)
Oxazepam D-WWE 348 Canada (Comtois-Marotte et al. 2017)
Oxazepam SW 1.3 Canada (Comtois-Marotte et al. 2017)
Oxazepam PD-WWI 210 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Oxazepam PD-WWE 210 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Oxazepam PD-WWI 50 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
Oxazepam PD-WWE 50 India (Subedi et al. 2017)
* Approximate values observed in the graph of the article.
Fig. S.1. Scientific publications per year included in this review (published until January 31/2017).
REFERENCES
Acuña V, Schiller D von, García-Galán MJ, et al (2015) Occurrence and in-stream
attenuation of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in Iberian rivers. Sci Total
Environ 503–504:133–141. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.067
Al Aukidy M, Verlicchi P, Jelic A, et al (2012) Monitoring release of pharmaceutical
compounds: occurrence and environmental risk assessment of two WWTP
effluents and their receiving bodies in the Po Valley, Italy. Sci Total Environ
438:15–25. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.061
Almeida CAA, Brenner CGB, Minetto L, et al (2013) Determination of anti-anxiety and
anti-epileptic drugs in hospital effluent and a preliminary risk assessment.
Chemosphere 93:2349–2355. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.032
Almeida CAA, Oliveira MS, Mallmann CA, Martins AF (2015) Determination of the
psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam in hospital effluent and
identification of their metabolites. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:17192–17201. doi:
10.1007/s11356-015-4948-y
Alygizakis NA, Gago-Ferrero P, Borova VL, et al (2016) Occurrence and spatial
distribution of 158 pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse and related metabolites in
offshore seawater. Sci Total Environ 541:1097–1105. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.145
Aminot Y, Le Menach K, Pardon P, et al (2016) Inputs and seasonal removal of
pharmaceuticals in the estuarine Garonne River. Mar Chem 185:3–11. doi:
10.1016/j.marchem.2016.05.010
Aminot Y, Litrico X, Chambolle M, et al (2015) Development and application of a
multi-residue method for the determination of 53 pharmaceuticals in water,
sediment, and suspended solids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 407:8585–8604. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-9017-
3
Andreu V, Gimeno-García E, Pascual JA, et al (2016) Presence of pharmaceuticals and
heavy metals in the waters of a Mediterranean coastal wetland: Potential
interactions and the influence of the environment. Sci Total Environ 540:278–286.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.007
Arbeláez P, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Marcé RM (2015) Liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometry to determine sedative hypnotic drugs in river water and
wastewater. Int J Environ Anal Chem 95:669–684. doi:
10.1080/03067319.2015.1055474
Arriaga S, de Jonge N, Nielsen ML, et al (2016) Evaluation of a membrane bioreactor
system as post-treatment in waste water treatment for better removal of
micropollutants. Water Res 107:37–46. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.046
Aymerich I, Acuña V, Barceló D, et al (2016) Attenuation of pharmaceuticals and their
transformation products in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving river
ecosystem. Water Res 100:126–136. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.022
Badia-Fabregat M, Lucas D, Gros M, et al (2015) Identification of some factors
affecting pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) removal in real wastewater.
Case study of fungal treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate. J Hazard Mater
283:663–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.007
Badia-Fabregat M, Lucas D, Pereira MA, et al (2016) Continuous fungal treatment of
non-sterile veterinary hospital effluent: pharmaceuticals removal and microbial
community assessment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100:2401–2415. doi:
10.1007/s00253-015-7105-0
Baker DR, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2011) Multi-residue analysis of drugs of abuse in
wastewater and surface water by solid-phase extraction and liquid
chromatography-positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. J
Chromatogr A 1218:1620–1631. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.060
Baker DR, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2013) Spatial and temporal occurrence of
pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in the aqueous environment and during
wastewater treatment: New developments. Sci Total Environ 454–455:442–456.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.043
Banjac Z, Ginebreda A, Kuzmanovic M, et al (2015) Emission factor estimation of ca.
160 emerging organic microcontaminants by inverse modeling in a Mediterranean
river basin (Llobregat, NE Spain). Sci Total Environ 520:241–252. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.055
Batt AL, Kincaid TM, Kostich MS, et al (2016) Evaluating the extent of
pharmaceuticals in surface waters of the United States using a national-scale rivers
and streams assessment survey. Environ Toxicol Chem 35:874–881. doi:
10.1002/etc.3161
Batt AL, Kostich MS, Lazorchak JM (2008) Analysis of ecologically relevant
pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface water using selective solid-phase
extraction and UPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 80:5021–5030. doi: 10.1021/ac800066n
Bebianno MJ, Sroda S, Gomes T, et al (2016) Proteomic changes in Corbicula fluminea
exposed to wastewater from a psychiatric hospital. Environ Sci Pollut Res
23:5046–5055. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5395-5
Bekele E, Toze S, Patterson B, Higginson S (2011) Managed aquifer recharge of treated
wastewater: Water quality changes resulting from infiltration through the vadose
zone. Water Res 45:5764–5772. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.058
Benotti MJ, Trenholm RA, Vanderford BJ, et al (2009) Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine
Disrupting Compounds in US Drinking Water. Environ Sci Technol 43:597–603.
doi: Doi 10.1021/Es801845a
Benson R, Conerly OD, Sander W, et al (2017) Human health screening and public
health significance of contaminants of emerging concern detected in public water
supplies. Sci Total Environ 579:1643–1648. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.146
Beretsou VG, Psoma AK, Gago-Ferrero P, et al (2016) Identification of
biotransformation products of citalopram formed in activated sludge. Water Res
103:205–214. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.029
Bijlsma L, Emke E, Hernández F, de Voogt P (2012) Investigation of drugs of abuse
and relevant metabolites in Dutch sewage water by liquid chromatography coupled
to high resolution mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 89:1399–1406. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.110
Bisceglia KJ, Yu JT, Coelhan M, et al (2010) Trace determination of pharmaceuticals
and other wastewater-derived micropollutants by solid phase extraction and gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217:558–564. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.062
Björklund E, Svahn O, Bak S, et al (2016) Pharmaceutical Residues Affecting the
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike Wetlands: Sources and
Sinks. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 71:423–436. doi: 10.1007/s00244-016-0303-
7
Boix C, Ibáñez M, Sancho J V, et al (2015) Fast determination of 40 drugs in water
using large volume direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry. Talanta 131:719–27. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.005
Bonnafé E, Sroda S, Budzinski H, et al (2015) Responses of cytochrome P450, GST,
and MXR in the mollusk Corbicula fluminea to the exposure to hospital
wastewater effluents. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:11033–11046. doi:
10.1007/s11356-015-4309-x
Breitholtz M, Näslund M, Stråe D, et al (2012) An evaluation of free water surface
wetlands as tertiary sewage water treatment of micro-pollutants. Ecotoxicol
Environ Saf 78:63–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.014
Brieudes V, Lardy-Fontan S, Lalere B, et al (2016a) Validation and uncertainties
evaluation of an isotope dilution-SPE-LC-MS/MS for the quantification of drug
residues in surface waters. Talanta 146:138–147. doi:
10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.073
Brieudes V, Lardy-Fontan S, Vaslin-Reimann S, et al (2016b) Development of a multi-
residue method for scrutinizing psychotropic compounds in natural waters. J
Chromatogr B 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.016
Brodin T, Fick J, Jonsson M, Klaminder J (2013) Dilute concentrations of a psychiatric
drug alter behavior of fish from natural populations. Science (80- ) 339:814–815.
Bundschuh M, Gessner MO, Fink G, et al (2011) Ecotoxicologial evaluation of
wastewater ozonation based on detritus-detritivore interactions. Chemosphere
82:355–361. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.006
Cabeza Y, Candela L, Ronen D, Teijon G (2012) Monitoring the occurrence of
emerging contaminants in treated wastewater and groundwater between 2008 and
2010. The Baix Llobregat (Barcelona, Spain). J Hazard Mater 239–240:32–39. doi:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.032
Calamari D, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, et al (2003) Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs
in the rivers Po and lambro in Northern Italy. Environ Sci Technol 37:1241–1248.
doi: 10.1021/es020158e
Camilleri J, Baudot R, Wiest L, et al (2015) Multiresidue fully automated online SPE-
HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of endocrine-disrupting and
pharmaceutical compounds at trace level in surface water. Int J Environ Anal
Chem 95:67–81. doi: 10.1080/03067319.2014.983494
Candela L, Tamoh K, Vadillo I, Valdes-Abellan J (2016) Monitoring of selected
pharmaceuticals over 3 years in a detrital aquifer during artificial groundwater
recharge. Environ Earth Sci 75:244. doi: 10.1007/s12665-015-4956-8
Castrignanò E, Lubben A, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2016) Enantiomeric profiling of chiral
drug biomarkers in wastewater with the usage of chiral liquid chromatography
coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1438:84–99. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.015
Catalá M, Domínguez-Morueco N, Migens A, et al (2015) Elimination of drugs of
abuse and their toxicity from natural waters by photo-Fenton treatment. Sci Total
Environ 520:198–205. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.042
Chiffre A, Degiorgi F, Buleté A, et al (2016) Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in WWTP
effluents and their impact in a karstic rural catchment of Eastern France. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 23:25427–25441. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7751-5
Cimetiere N, Soutrel I, Lemasle M, et al (2013) Standard addition method for the
determination of pharmaceutical residues in drinking water by SPE-LC-MS/MS.
Environ Technol 34:3031–3041. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2013.800563
Coetsier CM, Spinelli S, Lin L, et al (2009) Discharge of pharmaceutical products (PPs)
through a conventional biological sewage treatment plant: MECs vs PECs?
Environ Int 35:787–792. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.01.008
Comtois-Marotte S, Chappuis T, Vo Duy S, et al (2017) Analysis of emerging
contaminants in water and solid samples using high resolution mass spectrometry
with a Q Exactive orbital ion trap and estrogenic activity with YES-assay.
Chemosphere 166:400–411. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.077
Creusot N, Kinani S, Balaguer P, et al (2010) Evaluation of an hPXR reporter gene
assay for the detection of aquatic emerging pollutants: Screening of chemicals and
application to water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 396:569–583. doi:
10.1007/s00216-009-3310-y
Deblonde T, Cossu-Leguille C, Hartemann P (2011) Emerging pollutants in wastewater:
A review of the literature. Int J Hyg Environ Health 214:442–448. doi:
10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.002
Dolar D, Gros M, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, et al (2012) Removal of emerging contaminants
from municipal wastewater with an integrated membrane system, MBR-RO. J
Hazard Mater 239–240:64–69. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.029
Ek M, Baresel C, Magnér J, et al (2014) Activated carbon for the removal of
pharmaceutical residues from treated wastewater. Water Sci Technol 69:2372–
2380. doi: 10.2166/wst.2014.172
Esteban S, Valcárcel Y, Catalá M, Castromil MG (2012) Psychoactive pharmaceutical
residues in the watersheds of Galicia (Spain). Gac Sanit 26:457–459. doi:
10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.01.018
Estrada-Arriaga EB, Cortés-Muñoz JE, González-Herrera A, et al (2016) Assessment of
full-scale biological nutrient removal systems upgraded with physico-chemical
processes for the removal of emerging pollutants present in wastewaters from
Mexico. Sci Total Environ 571:1172–1182. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.118
Evans SE, Davies P, Lubben A, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2015) Determination of chiral
pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater and sludge using microwave
assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction and chiral liquid chromatography
coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 882:112–26. doi:
10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.039
Farré MJ, Insa S, Mamo J, Barceló D (2016) Determination of 15 N-
nitrosodimethylamine precursors in different water matrices by automated on-line
solid-phase extraction ultra-high-performance-liquid chromatography tandem mass
spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1458:99–111. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.064
Ferrer I, Thurman EM (2012) Analysis of 100 pharmaceuticals and their degradates in
water samples by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass
spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1259:148–57. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.059
Fick J, Soderstrom H, Lindberg RH, et al (2009) Contamination of surface, ground, and
drinking water from pharmaceutical production. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:2522–
2527.
Freitas AM, Rivas G, Campos-Mañas MC, et al (2017) Ecotoxicity evaluation of a
WWTP effluent treated by solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH in a raceway pond
reactor. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:1093–1104. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7101-7
Gabarrón S, Gernjak W, Valero F, et al (2016) Evaluation of emerging contaminants in
a drinking water treatment plant using electrodialysis reversal technology. J Hazard
Mater 309:192–201. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.015
García-Galán MJ, Petrovic M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D (2016) Multiresidue
trace analysis of pharmaceuticals, their human metabolites and transformation
products by fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 158:330–341. doi:
10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.061
Gebhardt W, Schroder HF (2007) Liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry
for the follow-up of the elimination of persistent pharmaceuticals during
wastewater treatment applying biological wastewater treatment and advanced
oxidation. J Chromatogr A 1160:34–43. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.075
Ghoshdastidar AJ, Fox S, Tong AZ (2015) The presence of the top prescribed
pharmaceuticals in treated sewage effluents and receiving waters in southwest nova
scotia, Canada. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:689–700. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-
3400-z
Giebułtowicz J, Nałecz-Jawecki G (2014) Occurrence of antidepressant residues in the
sewage-impacted Vistula and Utrata rivers and in tap water in Warsaw (Poland).
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 104:103–109. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.020
Ginebreda A, Jelic A, Petrovic M, et al (2012) New indexes for compound prioritization
and complexity quantification on environmental monitoring inventories. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 19:958–970. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0557-6
Glassmeyer ST, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, et al (2017) Nationwide reconnaissance of
contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the
United States. Sci Total Environ 581–582:909–922. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.004
Golovko O, Kumar V, Fedorova G, et al (2014) Seasonal changes in antibiotics,
antidepressants/psychiatric drugs, antihistamines and lipid regulators in a
wastewater treatment plant. Chemosphere 111:418–426. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.132
Gonçalves CMO, Sousa MAD, Alpendurada MDFPSPM (2013) Analysis of acidic ,
basic and neutral pharmaceuticals in river waters : clean-up by 1 , 2 amino anion
exchange and enrichment using an hydrophilic adsorbent. Int J Environ Anal Chem
93:1–22. doi: 10.1080/03067319.2012.702272
Gonzalez-Gil L, Papa M, Feretti D, et al (2016) Is anaerobic digestion effective for the
removal of organic micropollutants and biological activities from sewage sludge?
Water Res 102:211–220. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.025
Gonzalez-Rey M, Tapie N, Le Menach K, et al (2015) Occurrence of pharmaceutical
compounds and pesticides in aquatic systems. Mar Pollut Bull 96:384–400. doi:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.029
González Alonso S, Catalá M, Maroto RR, et al (2010) Pollution by psychoactive
pharmaceuticals in the Rivers of Madrid metropolitan area (Spain). Environ Int
36:195–201. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.11.004
Grabicova K, Grabic R, Blaha M, et al (2015) Presence of pharmaceuticals in benthic
fauna living in a small stream affected by effluent from a municipal sewage
treatment plant. Water Res 72:145–153. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.018
Grabicova K, Lindberg RH, Östman M, et al (2014) Tissue-specific bioconcentration of
antidepressants in fish exposed to effluent from a municipal sewage treatment
plant. Sci Total Environ 488–489:46–50. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.052
Gracia-Lor E, Sancho J V., Hernández F (2011) Multi-class determination of around 50
pharmaceuticals, including 26 antibiotics, in environmental and wastewater
samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1218:2264–2275. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.026
Gracia-Lor E, Sancho J V., Hernández F (2010) Simultaneous determination of acidic,
neutral and basic pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater by ultra high-pressure liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217:622–632. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.090
Gracia-Lor E, Sancho J V., Serrano R, Hernández F (2012) Occurrence and removal of
pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants at the Spanish Mediterranean area
of Valencia. Chemosphere 87:453–462. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.025
Gros M, Blum KM, Jernstedt H, et al (2017) Screening and prioritization of
micropollutants in wastewaters from on-site sewage treatment facilities. J Hazard
Mater 328:37–45. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.055
Gros M, Petrović M, Ginebreda A, Barceló D (2010) Removal of pharmaceuticals
during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard
indexes. Environ Int 36:15–26. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.09.002
Gros M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D (2012) Fast and comprehensive multi-residue
analysis of a broad range of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and some of
their metabolites in surface and treated waters by ultra-high-performance liquid
chromatography coupled to quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem. J Chromatogr A
1248:104–121. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.084
Gurke R, Rossmann J, Schubert S, et al (2015) Development of a SPE-HPLC–MS/MS
method for the determination of most prescribed pharmaceuticals and related
metabolites in urban sewage samples. J Chromatogr B 990:23–30. doi:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.008
Harding LB, Schultz IR, da Silva DAM, et al (2016) Wastewater treatment plant
effluent alters pituitary gland gonadotropin mRNA levels in juvenile coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquat Toxicol 178:118–131. doi:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.013
Hass U, Duennbier U, Massmann G (2012) Occurrence and distribution of psychoactive
compounds and their metabolites in the urban water cycle of Berlin (Germany).
Water Res 46:6013–6022. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.08.025
Hass U, Dunnbier U, Massmannc G, Pekdegera A (2011) Simultaneous determination
of psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in aqueous matrices by liquid
chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Methods 3:902–910. doi:
10.1021/es061740w
Heberer T (2002) Tracking persistent pharmaceutical residues from municipal sewage
to drinking water. J Hydrol 266:175–189. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00165-8
Heeb F, Singer H, Pernet-Coudrier B, et al (2012) Organic micropollutants in rivers
downstream of the megacity Beijing: sources and mass fluxes in a large-scale
wastewater irrigation system. Environ Sci Technol 46:8680–8688. doi:
10.1021/es301912q
Huber S, Remberger M, Kaj L, et al (2016) A first screening and risk assessment of
pharmaceuticals and additives in personal care products in waste water, sludge,
recipient water and sediment from Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland. Sci Total
Environ 562:13–25. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.063
Huerta-Fontela M, Galceran MT, Ventura F (2010) Fast liquid chromatography–
quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceuticals
and hormones in water resources. J Chromatogr A 1217:4212–4222. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.007
Huerta-Fontela M, Galceran MT, Ventura F (2011) Occurrence and removal of
pharmaceuticals and hormones through drinking water treatment. Water Res
45:1432–1442. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.036
Huerta B, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Nannou C, et al (2016) Determination of a broad
spectrum of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in biofilm from a waste
water treatment plant-impacted river. Sci Total Environ 540:241–249. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.049
Hummel D, Löffler D, Fink G, Ternes TA (2006) Simultaneous determination of
psychoactive substances and their metabolites in aqueous matrices by ultrahigh-
performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Environ Sci
Technol 40:7321–7328. doi: 10.1039/c0ay00696c
Ibáñez M, Gracia-Lor E, Bijlsma L, et al (2013) Removal of emerging contaminants in
sewage water subjected to advanced oxidation with ozone. J Hazard Mater
260:389–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.023
Idder S, Ley L, Mazellier P, Budzinski H (2013) Quantitative on-line preconcentration-
liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the
determination of pharmaceutical compounds in water. Anal Chim Acta 805:107–
115. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.041
Jelic A, Gros M, Ginebreda A, et al (2011) Occurrence, partition and removal of
pharmaceuticals in sewage water and sludge during wastewater treatment. Water
Res 45:1165–1176. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.010
Jelic A, Rodriguez-Moza S, Barceló D, Gutierrez O (2015) Impact of in-sewer
transformation on 43 pharmaceuticals in a pressurized sewer under anaerobic
conditions. Water Res 68:98–108. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.033
Jurado A, Mastroianni N, Vàzquez-Suñé E, et al (2012) Drugs of abuse in urban
groundwater. A case study: Barcelona. Sci Total Environ 424:280–288. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.074
Khalaf H, Salste L, Karlsson P, et al (2009) In vitro analysis of inflammatory responses
following environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals and inland waters. Sci Total
Environ 407:1452–1460. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.016
Klaminder J, Brodin T, Sundelin A, et al (2015) Long-Term Persistence of an
Anxiolytic Drug (Oxazepam) in a Large Freshwater Lake. Environ Sci Technol
49:10406–10412. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01968
Kleywegt S, Pileggi V, Lam YM, et al (2016) The contribution of pharmaceutically
active compounds from healthcare facilities to a receiving sewage treatment plant
in Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 35:850–862. doi: 10.1002/etc.3124
Kosjek T, Perko S, Zupanc M, et al (2012) Environmental occurrence, fate and
transformation of benzodiazepines in water treatment. Water Res 46:355–368. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.056
Kostich MS, Batt AL, Lazorchak JM (2014) Concentrations of prioritized
pharmaceuticals in effluents from 50 large wastewater treatment plants in the US
and implications for risk estimation. Environ Pollut 184:354–359. doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.013
Kovacevic S, Radisic M, Lausevic M, Dimkic M (2017) Occurrence and behavior of
selected pharmaceuticals during riverbank filtration in The Republic of Serbia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:2075–2088. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7959-4
Kovalova L, Siegrist H, Singer H, et al (2012) Hospital wastewater treatment by
membrane bioreactor: Performance and efficiency for organic micropollutant
elimination. Environ Sci Technol 46:1536–1545. doi: 10.1021/es203495d
Lajeunesse A, Gagnon C, Sauvé S (2008) Determination of basic antidepressants and
their N-desmethyl metabolites in raw sewage and wastewater using solid-phase
extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem
80:5325–5333. doi: 10.1021/ac800162q
Lajeunesse A, Smyth SA, Barclay K, et al (2012) Distribution of antidepressant residues
in wastewater and biosolids following different treatment processes by municipal
wastewater treatment plants in Canada. Water Res 46:5600–5612. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.042
Lara-Martín PA, González-Mazo E, Petrovic M, et al (2014) Occurrence, distribution
and partitioning of nonionic surfactants and pharmaceuticals in the urbanized Long
Island Sound Estuary (NY). Mar Pollut Bull 85:710–719. doi:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.022
Lardy-Fontan S, Brieudes V, Lalere B, et al (2016) For more reliable measurements of
pharmaceuticals in the environment: Overall measurement uncertainty estimation,
QA/QC implementation and metrological considerations. A case study on the
Seine River. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 77:76–86. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.12.011
Larsson DGJ, de Pedro C, Paxeus N (2007) Effluent from drug manufactures contains
extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals. J Hazard Mater 148:751–755. doi:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.008
Lavén M, Alsberg T, Yu Y, et al (2009) Serial mixed-mode cation- and anion-exchange
solid-phase extraction for separation of basic, neutral and acidic pharmaceuticals in
wastewater and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole
time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216:49–62. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.014
Lee Y, Kovalova L, McArdell CS, von Gunten U (2014) Prediction of micropollutant
elimination during ozonation of a hospital wastewater effluent. Water Res 64:134–
148. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.027
Llorens-Blanch G, Badia-Fabregat M, Lucas D, et al (2015) Degradation of
pharmaceuticals from membrane biological reactor sludge with Trametes
versicolor. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17:429–440. doi: 10.1039/C4EM00579A
López-Serna R, Jurado A, Vázquez-Suñé E, et al (2013) Occurrence of 95
pharmaceuticals and transformation products in urban groundwaters underlying the
metropolis of Barcelona, Spain. Environ Pollut 174:305–315. doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.022
López-Serna R, Pérez S, Ginebreda A, et al (2010) Fully automated determination of 74
pharmaceuticals in environmental and waste waters by online solid phase
extraction–liquid chromatography-electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry.
Talanta 83:410–424. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.09.046
López-Serna R, Petrović M, Barceló D (2011) Development of a fast instrumental
method for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewaters
based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-tandem mass
spectrometry (MS/MS). Chemosphere 85:1390–1399. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.071
López-Serna R, Petrović M, Barceló D (2012a) Occurrence and distribution of multi-
class pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites and transformation products in
the Ebro River basin (NE Spain). Sci Total Environ 440:280–289. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.027
López-Serna R, Petrović M, Barceló D (2012b) Direct analysis of pharmaceuticals, their
metabolites and transformation products in environmental waters using on-line
TurboFlowTM
chromatography-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
J Chromatogr A 1252:115–129. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.078
Lopez B, Ollivier P, Togola A, et al (2015) Screening of French groundwater for
regulated and emerging contaminants. Sci Total Environ 518–519:562–573. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.110
Lorenzo-Toja Y, Alfonsín C, Amores MJ, et al (2016) Beyond the conventional life
cycle inventory in wastewater treatment plants. Sci Total Environ 553:71–82. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.073
Mackuľak T, Birošová L, Bodík I, et al (2016a) Zerovalent iron and iron(VI): Effective
means for the removal of psychoactive pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs from
wastewaters. Sci Total Environ 539:420–426. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.138
Mackuľak T, Birošová L, Gál M, et al (2016b) Wastewater analysis: the mean of the
monitoring of frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in Slovakia. Environ Monit
Assess 188:1–12. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-5011-7
Mackuľak T, Bodík I, Hasan J, et al (2016c) Dominant psychoactive drugs in the
Central European region: A wastewater study. Forensic Sci Int 267:42–51. doi:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.016
Mackuľak T, Mosný M, Grabic R, et al (2015a) Fenton-like reaction: A possible way to
efficiently remove illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Environ
Toxicol Pharmacol 39:483–488. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.12.016
Mackuľak T, Mosný M, Škubák J, et al (2015b) Fate of psychoactive compounds in
wastewater treatment plant and the possibility of their degradation using aquatic
plants. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 39:969–973. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.02.018
Mackuľak T, Vojs M, Grabic R, et al (2016d) Occurrence of pharmaceuticals, illicit
drugs, and resistant types of bacteria in hospital effluent and their effective
degradation by boron-doped diamond electrodes. Monatshefte für Chemie 147:97–
103. doi: 10.1007/s00706-015-1582-9
MacLeod SL, Sudhir P, Wong CS (2007) Stereoisomer analysis of wastewater-derived
beta-blockers, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, and salbutamol by high-
performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A
1170:23–33. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.010
Magner J, Filipovic M, Alsberg T (2010) Application of a novel solid-phase-extraction
sampler and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight
mass spectrometry for determination of pharmaceutical residues in surface sea
water. Chemosphere 80:1255–1260. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.065
Mailler R, Gasperi J, Coquet Y, et al (2016) Removal of a wide range of emerging
pollutants from wastewater treatment plant discharges by micro-grain activated
carbon in fluidized bed as tertiary treatment at large pilot scale. Sci Total Environ
542:983–996. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.153
Mailler R, Gasperi J, Coquet Y, et al (2015) Study of a large scale powdered activated
carbon pilot: Removals of a wide range of emerging and priority micropollutants
from wastewater treatment plant effluents. Water Res 72:315–330. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.047
Manamsa K, Lapworth DJ, Stuart ME (2016) Temporal variability of micro-organic
contaminants in lowland chalk catchments: New insights into contaminant sources
and hydrological processes. Sci Total Environ. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.146
Margot J, Kienle C, Magnet A, et al (2013) Treatment of micropollutants in municipal
wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon? Sci Total Environ 461–
462:480–498. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.034
Martínez Bueno MJ, Hernando MD, Herrera S, et al (2010) Pilot survey of chemical
contaminants from industrial and human activities in river waters of Spain. Int J
Environ Anal Chem 90:321–343. doi: 10.1080/03067310903045463
Masoner JR, Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, et al (2014) Contaminants of emerging concern
in fresh leachate from landfills in the conterminous United States. Environ Sci
Process Impacts 16:2335–2354. doi: 10.1039/c4em00124a
Mastroianni N, Bleda MJ, López de Alda M, Barceló D (2016) Occurrence of drugs of
abuse in surface water from four Spanish river basins: Spatial and temporal
variations and environmental risk assessment. J Hazard Mater 316:134–142. doi:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.025
Meierjohann A, Brozinski J-M, Kronberg L (2016) Seasonal variation of
pharmaceutical concentrations in a river/lake system in Eastern Finland. Environ
Sci Process Impacts 18:342–349. doi: 10.1039/C5EM00505A
Mendoza a., López de Alda M, González-Alonso S, et al (2014a) Occurrence of drugs
of abuse and benzodiazepines in river waters from the Madrid Region (Central
Spain). Chemosphere 95:247–255. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.085
Mendoza a., Rodríguez-Gil JL, González-Alonso S, et al (2014b) Drugs of abuse and
benzodiazepines in the Madrid Region (Central Spain): Seasonal variation in river
waters, occurrence in tap water and potential environmental and human risk.
Environ Int 70:76–87. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.009
Metcalfe CD, Chu S, Judt C, et al (2010) Antidepressants and their metabolites in
municipal wastewater, and downstream exposure in an urban watershed. Environ
Toxicol Chem 29:79–89. doi: 10.1002/etc.27
Miller TH, McEneff GL, Brown RJ, et al (2015) Pharmaceuticals in the freshwater
invertebrate, Gammarus pulex, determined using pulverised liquid extraction, solid
phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Total
Environ 511:153–160. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.034
Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, Agüera A, et al (2017) Combination of nanofiltration and
ozonation for the remediation of real municipal wastewater effluents: Acute and
chronic toxicity assessment. J Hazard Mater 323:442–451. doi:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.013
Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, Agüera A, et al (2016) Is the combination of nanofiltration
membranes and AOPs for removing microcontaminants cost effective in real
municipal wastewater effluents? Environ Sci Water Res Technol 2:511–520. doi:
10.1039/C6EW00001K
Moldovan Z (2006) Occurrences of pharmaceutical and personal care products as
micropollutants in rivers from Romania. Chemosphere 64:1808–1817. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.003
Mompelat S, Thomas O, Le Bot B (2011) Contamination levels of human
pharmaceutical compounds in French surface and drinking water. J Environ Monit
13:2929–2939. doi: 10.1039/c1em10335k
Moreira NFF, Orge CA, Ribeiro AR, et al (2015) Fast mineralization and detoxification
of amoxicillin and diclofenac by photocatalytic ozonation and application to an
urban wastewater. Water Res 87:87–96. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.059
Moreno-González R, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Gros M, et al (2015) Seasonal distribution of
pharmaceuticals in marine water and sediment from a mediterranean coastal lagoon
(SE Spain). Environ Res 138:326–344. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.016
Moreno-González R, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Gros M, et al (2014) Input of
pharmaceuticals through coastal surface watercourses into a Mediterranean lagoon
(Mar Menor, SE Spain): Sources and seasonal variations. Sci Total Environ
490:59–72. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.097
Munoz M, Garcia-Muñoz P, Pliego G, et al (2016) Application of intensified Fenton
oxidation to the treatment of hospital wastewater: Kinetics, ecotoxicity and
disinfection. J Environ Chem Eng 4:4107–4112. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2016.09.019
Nielsen U, Hastrup C, Klausen MM, et al (2013) Removal of APIs and bacteria from
hospital wastewater by MBR plus O 3, O3 + H2O2, PAC or ClO2. Water Sci
Technol 67:854–862. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.645
Nödler K, Licha T, Bester K, Sauter M (2010) Development of a multi-residue
analytical method, based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, for
the simultaneous determination of 46 micro-contaminants in aqueous samples. J
Chromatogr A 1217:6511–6521. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.048
Nödler K, Voutsa D, Licha T (2014) Polar organic micropollutants in the coastal
environment of different marine systems. Mar Pollut Bull 85:50–59. doi:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.024
Nunes CN, Pauluk LE, dos Anjos VE, et al (2015) New approach to the determination
of contaminants of emerging concern in natural water: study of alprazolam
employing adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Anal Bioanal Chem
407:6171–6179. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-8792-1
Oliveira TS, Murphy M, Mendola N, et al (2015) Characterization of Pharmaceuticals
and Personal Care products in hospital effluent and waste water influent/effluent
by direct-injection LC-MS-MS. Sci Total Environ 518–519:459–478. doi: DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.104
Ottmar KJ, Colosi LM, Smith JA (2013) Evaluation of a Prediction Model for Influent
Pharmaceutical Concentrations. J Environ Eng 139:1017–1021. doi:
10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870
Paíga P, Santos LHMLM, Delerue-Matos C (2017) Development of a multi-residue
method for the determination of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and some
of their metabolites in aqueous environmental matrices by SPE-UHPLC–MS/MS. J
Pharm Biomed Anal 135:75–86. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.013
Paíga P, Santos LHMLM, Ramos S, et al (2016) Presence of pharmaceuticals in the Lis
river (Portugal): Sources, fate and seasonal variation. Sci Total Environ 573:164–
177. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.089
Pascual-Aguilar J, Andreu V, Gimeno-García E, Picó Y (2015) Current anthropogenic
pressures on agro-ecological protected coastal wetlands. Sci Total Environ 503–
504:190–199. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.007
Pereira AMPT, Silva LJG, Meisel LM, et al (2015) Environmental impact of
pharmaceuticals from Portuguese wastewaters: geographical and seasonal
occurrence, removal and risk assessment. Environ Res 136:108–119. doi:
10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.041
Petrie B, Gravell A, Mills GA, et al (2016a) In situ calibration of a new chemcatcher
configuration for the determination of polar organic micropollutants in wastewater
effluent. Environ Sci Technol 50:9469–9478. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02216
Petrie B, Youdan J, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2016b) Multi-residue analysis of
90 emerging contaminants in liquid and solid environmental matrices by ultra-
high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J
Chromatogr A 1431:64–78. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.036
Petrović M, Škrbić B, Ţivančev J, et al (2014) Determination of 81 pharmaceutical
drugs by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
with hybrid triple quadrupole–linear ion trap in different types of water in Serbia.
Sci Total Environ 468–469:415–428. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.079
Phillips PJ, Smith SG, Kolpin DW, et al (2010) Pharmaceutical formulation facilities as
sources of opioids and other pharmaceuticals to wastewater treatment plant
effluents. Environ Sci Technol 44:4910–4916. doi: 10.1021/es100356f
Piel S, Blondeau S, Pérot J, et al (2013) Pharmaceutical removal by the activated carbon
process. Water Qual Res J Canada 48:121–132. doi: 10.2166/wqrjc.2013.138
Postigo C, Alda ML, Barceló D (2011) Evaluation of drugs of abuse use and trends in a
prison through wastewater analysis. Environ Int 37:49–55. doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2010.06.012
Prieto-Rodriguez L, Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, et al (2012) Treatment of emerging
contaminants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) effluents by solar
photocatalysis using low TiO2 concentrations. J Hazard Mater 211–212:131–137.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.008
Proia L, Osorio V, Soley S, et al (2013) Effects of pesticides and pharmaceuticals on
biofilms in a highly impacted river. Environ Pollut 178:220–228. doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.022
Racamonde I, Quintana JB, Rodil R, Cela R (2015) Application of polypropylene tubes
as single-use and low-cost sorptive extraction materials for the determination of
benzodiazepines and zolpidem in water samples. Microchem J 119:58–65. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2014.10.011
Racamonde I, Rodil R, Quintana JB, et al (2014) Determination of benzodiazepines,
related pharmaceuticals and metabolites in water by solid-phase extraction and
liquid-chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1352:69–79.
doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.064
Radović T, Grujić S, Dujaković N, et al (2012) Pharmaceutical residues in the Danube
River Basin in Serbia - A two-year survey. Water Sci Technol 66:659–665. doi:
10.2166/wst.2012.225
Radović T, Grujić S, Petković A, et al (2015) Determination of pharmaceuticals and
pesticides in river sediments and corresponding surface and ground water in the
Danube River and tributaries in Serbia. Environ Monit Assess 187:4092–4109. doi:
10.1007/s10661-014-4092-z
Reungoat J, Escher BI, Macova M, Keller J (2011) Biofiltration of wastewater treatment
plant effluent: Effective removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
and reduction of toxicity. Water Res 45:2751–2762. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2011.02.013
Ribeiro AR, Pedrosa M, Moreira NFF, et al (2015) Environmental friendly method for
urban wastewater monitoring of micropollutants defined in the Directive
2013/39/EU and Decision 2015/495/EU. J Chromatogr A 1418:140–149. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.057
Rodríguez-Gil JL, Catalá M, Alonso SG, et al (2010) Heterogeneous photo-Fenton
treatment for the reduction of pharmaceutical contamination in Madrid rivers and
ecotoxicological evaluation by a miniaturized fern spores bioassay. Chemosphere
80:381–388. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.045
Rodríguez-Navas C, Björklund E, Bak SA, et al (2013) Pollution Pathways of
Pharmaceutical Residues in the Aquatic Environment on the Island of Mallorca,
Spain. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 65:56–66. doi: 10.1007/s00244-013-9880-x
Ruel SM, Choubert JM, Budzinski H, et al (2012) Occurrence and fate of relevant
substances in wastewater treatment plants regarding Water Framework Directive
and future legislations. Water Sci Technol 65:1179–1189. doi:
10.2166/wst.2012.943
Santos LHMLM, Gros M, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, et al (2013) Contribution of hospital
effluents to the load of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewaters: Identification of
ecologically relevant pharmaceuticals. Sci Total Environ 461–462:302–316. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.077
Saussereau E, Lacroix C, Guerbet M, et al (2013) Determination of levels of current
drugs in hospital and urban wastewater. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 91:171–176.
doi: 10.1007/s00128-013-1030-7
Schlüsener MP, Hardenbicker P, Nilson E, et al (2015) Occurrence of venlafaxine, other
antidepressants and selected metabolites in the Rhine catchment in the face of
climate change. Environ Pollut 196:247–256. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.019
Schnell S, Bawa-Allah K, Otitoloju A, et al (2015) Environmental monitoring of urban
streams using a primary fish gill cell culture system (FIGCS). Ecotoxicol Environ
Saf 120:279–285. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.012
Schroeder AL, Martinović-Weigelt D, Ankley GT, et al (2017) Prior knowledge-based
approach for associating contaminants with biological effects: A case study in the
St. Croix River basin, MN, WI, USA. Environ Pollut 221:427–436. doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.005
Schultz MM, Furlong ET (2008) Trace analysis of antidepressant pharmaceuticals and
their select degradates in aquatic matrixes by LC/ESI/MS/MS. Anal Chem
80:1756–1762. doi: 10.1021/ac702154e
Schultz MM, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, et al (2010) Antidepressant pharmaceuticals in
two U.S. effluent-impacted streams: Occurrence and fate in water and sediment
and selective uptake in fish neural tissue. Environ Sci Technol 44:1918–1925. doi:
10.1021/es9022706
Shao B, Chen D, Zhang J, et al (2009) Determination of 76 pharmaceutical drugs by
liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in slaughterhouse wastewater. J
Chromatogr A 1216:8312–8318. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.038
Sheng L-H, Chen H-R, Huo Y-B, et al (2014) Simultaneous Determination of 24
Antidepressant Drugs and Their Metabolites in Wastewater by Ultra-High
Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules
19:1212–1222. doi: 10.3390/molecules19011212
Silva LJG, Pereira AMPT, Meisel LM, et al (2014) A one-year follow-up analysis of
antidepressants in Portuguese wastewaters: Occurrence and fate, seasonal
influence, and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 490:279–287. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.131
Silva BF da, Jelic A, López-Serna R, et al (2011) Occurrence and distribution of
pharmaceuticals in surface water, suspended solids and sediments of the Ebro river
basin, Spain. Chemosphere 85:1331–1339. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.051
Snyder SA, Adham S, Redding AM, et al (2007) Role of membranes and activated
carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. Desalination
202:156–181. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.052
Solla SR, Gilroy AM, Klinck JS, et al (2016) Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and
personal care products in the unionid mussel Lasmigona costata in a river receiving
wastewater effluent. Chemosphere 146:486–496. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.022
Sousa M a., Gonçalves C, Cunha E, et al (2011) Cleanup strategies and advantages in
the determination of several therapeutic classes of pharmaceuticals in wastewater
samples by SPE-LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 399:807–822. doi:
10.1007/s00216-010-4297-0
Sousa MA, Lacina O, Hrádková P, et al (2013) Lorazepam photofate under photolysis
andTiO2-assisted photocatalysis: Identification and evolution profiles of by-
products formed during phototreatment of a WWTP effluent. Water Res 47:5584–
5593. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.029
Stamper B, Gul W, Godfrey M, et al (2016) LC–MS-MS Method for Analysis of
Benzodiazepines in Wastewater During Football Games IV. J Anal Toxicol 1–9.
doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw122
Subedi B, Balakrishna K, Joshua DI, Kannan K (2017) Mass loading and removal of
pharmaceuticals and personal care products including psychoactives,
antihypertensives, and antibiotics in two sewage treatment plants in southern India.
Chemosphere 167:429–437. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.026
Subedi B, Balakrishna K, Sinha RK, et al (2015) Mass loading and removal of
pharmaceuticals and personal care products, including psychoactive and illicit
drugs and artificial sweeteners, in five sewage treatment plants in India. J Environ
Chem Eng 3:2882–2891. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2015.09.031
Subedi B, Kannan K (2015) Occurrence and fate of select psychoactive pharmaceuticals
and antihypertensives in two wastewater treatment plants in New York State, USA.
Sci Total Environ 514:273–80. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.098
Sun Q, Li Y, Li M, et al (2016) PPCPs in Jiulong River estuary (China): Spatiotemporal
distributions, fate, and their use as chemical markers of wastewater. Chemosphere
150:596–604. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.036
Ternes T a (1998) Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers.
Water Res 32:3245–3260. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00099-2
Ternes T, Bonerz M, Schmidt T (2001) Determination of neutral pharmaceuticals in
wastewater and rivers by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass
spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 938:175–185. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01205-5
Thomas K V., Araújo da Silva FM, Langford KH, et al (2014) Screening for Selected
Human Pharmaceuticals and Cocaine in the Urban Streams of Manaus, Amazonas,
Brazil. J Am Water Resour Assoc 50:302–308. doi: 10.1111/jawr.12164
Unceta N, Sampedro MC, Bakar NKA, et al (2010) Multi-residue analysis of
pharmaceutical compounds in wastewaters by dual solid-phase microextraction
coupled to liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap mass
spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217:3392–3399. doi:
10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.008
Valcárcel Y, Alonso SG, Rodríguez-Gil JL, et al (2013) Seasonal variation of
pharmaceutically active compounds in surface (Tagus River) and tap water
(Central Spain). Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:1396–1412. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-
1099-2
Valcárcel Y, González Alonso S, Rodríguez-Gil JL, et al (2011) Detection of
pharmaceutically active compounds in the rivers and tap water of the Madrid
Region (Spain) and potential ecotoxicological risk. Chemosphere 84:1336–1348.
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.014
Valcárcel Y, Martínez F, González-Alonso S, et al (2012) Drugs of abuse in surface and
tap waters of the Tagus River basin: Heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is
effective in their degradation. Environ Int 41:35–43. doi:
10.1016/j.envint.2011.12.006
Valhondo C, Carrera J, Ayora C, et al (2014) Behavior of nine selected emerging trace
organic contaminants in an artificial recharge system supplemented with a reactive
barrier. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:11832–43. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2834-7
van der Aa M, Bijlsma L, Emke E, et al (2013) Risk assessment for drugs of abuse in
the Dutch watercycle. Water Res 47:1848–1857. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.013
van Nuijs ALN, Tarcomnicu I, Simons W, et al (2010) Optimization and validation of a
hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method
for the determination of 13 top-prescribed pharmaceuticals in influent wastewater.
Anal Bioanal Chem 398:2211–2222. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-4101-1
Vanderford BJ, Pearson RA, Rexing DJ, Snyder SA (2003) Analysis of Endocrine
Disruptors, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products in Water Using Liquid
Chromatographyrrandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 75:6265–6274.
Vanderford BJ, Snyder S a. (2006) Analysis of pharmaceuticals in water by isotope
dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol
40:7312–7320. doi: 10.1021/es0613198
Vasskog T, Anderssen T, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, et al (2008) Occurrence of selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors in sewage and receiving waters at Spitsbergen and in
Norway. J Chromatogr A 1185:194–205. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.063
Vasskog T, Berger U, Samuelsen PJ, et al (2006) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
in sewage influents and effluents from Tromso, Norway. J Chromatogr A
1115:187–195. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.091
Vazquez-Roig P, Andreu V, Blasco C, Picó Y (2012) Risk assessment on the presence
of pharmaceuticals in sediments, soils and waters of the Pego-Oliva Marshlands
(Valencia, eastern Spain). Sci Total Environ 440:24–32. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.036
Ven K Van Der, Van Dongen W, Maes BUW, et al (2004) Determination of diazepam
in aquatic samples by capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass
spectrometry. Chemosphere 57:967–973. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.062
Vergeynst L, Haeck A, De Wispelaere P, et al (2015) Multiresidue analysis of
pharmaceuticals in wastewater by liquid chromatography-magnetic sector mass
spectrometry: Method quality assessment and application in a Belgian case study.
Chemosphere 119:S2–S8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.069
Verlicchi P, Al Aukidy M, Galletti A, et al (2012) Hospital effluent: Investigation of the
concentrations and distribution of pharmaceuticals and environmental risk
assessment. Sci Total Environ 430:109–118. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.055
Vulliet E, Cren-Olivé C (2011) Screening of pharmaceuticals and hormones at the
regional scale, in surface and groundwaters intended to human consumption.
Environ Pollut 159:2929–2934. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.033
Vulliet E, Cren-Olivé C, Grenier-Loustalot M-F (2011) Occurrence of pharmaceuticals
and hormones in drinking water treated from surface waters. Environ Chem Lett
9:103–114. doi: 10.1007/s10311-009-0253-7
Vystavna Y, Huneau F, Grynenko V, et al (2012) Pharmaceuticals in rivers of two
regions with contrasted socio-economic conditions: Occurrence, accumulation, and
comparison for Ukraine and France. Water Air Soil Pollut 223:2111–2124. doi:
10.1007/s11270-011-1008-1
Wahlberg C, Björlenius B, Paxéus N (2011) Fluxes of 13 selected pharmaceuticals in
the water cycle of Stockholm, Sweden. Water Sci Technol 63:1772–1780. doi:
10.2166/wst.2011.124
Wang C, Gardinali PR (2013) Detection and occurrence of microconstituents in
reclaimed water used for irrigation--a potentially overlooked source. Anal Bioanal
Chem 405:5925–5935. doi: 10.1007/s00216-013-6799-z
Wert EC, Rosario-Ortiz FL, Snyder SA (2009) Effect of ozone exposure on the
oxidation of trace organic contaminants in wastewater. Water Res 43:1005–1014.
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.050
Wick A, Fink G, Joss A, et al (2009) Fate of beta blockers and psycho-active drugs in
conventional wastewater treatment. Water Res 43:1060–1074. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.031
Wu M, Xiang J, Que C, et al (2015) Occurrence and fate of psychiatric pharmaceuticals
in the urban water system of Shanghai, China. Chemosphere 138:486–493. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.002
Yoon Y, Ryu J, Oh J, et al (2010) Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds,
pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South
Korea). Sci Total Environ 408:636–643. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.049
Yuan S, Jiang X, Xia X, et al (2013a) Detection, occurrence and fate of 22 psychiatric
pharmaceuticals in psychiatric hospital and municipal wastewater treatment plants
in Beijing, China. Chemosphere 90:2520–2525. doi:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.089
Yuan S, Li X-F, Jiang X-M, et al (2013b) Simultaneous determination of 13 psychiatric
pharmaceuticals in sewage by automated solid phase extraction and liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chinese J Anal Chem 41:49–56. doi:
10.1016/S1872-2040(13)60623-4
Zemann M, Wolf L, Grimmeisen F, et al (2015) Tracking changing X-ray contrast
media application to an urban-influenced karst aquifer in the Wadi Shueib, Jordan.
Environ Pollut 198:133–143. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.033
Zhao H, Zhou JL, Zhang J (2015) Tidal impact on the dynamic behavior of dissolved
pharmaceuticals in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Sci Total Environ 536:946–954.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.055
Zuccato E, Calamari D, Natangelo M, Fanelli R (2000) Presence of therapeutic drugs in
the environment. Lancet 355:1789–1790. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02270-4
Top Related