7/24/2019 Situao Das Estaes Meteorolgicas do INMET BRASIL

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ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS SITUATION ON URBAN,SEMIURBAN OR NONURBAN AREAS IN BRAZIL

D. T. F. Nascimento, and B. N. de Brito

Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Gois, Goinia, Brasil (diego.tarley@gmail.com,

brenda.12leg@hotmail.com)

ABSTRACT: Even when dealing with direct measurements, data records by meteorologicalstations have several problems, such as: 1) the quality of records that depend on the type of

material used in stations; 2) poor and uneven density of the network of stations; 3) errors inreadings caused by poor choice of location; 4) defects which instruments can present and result

in failures or anomalous data datasets; 5) changes of equipment or even the place where the

weather station is located and; 6) changes in coverage and land use where the instruments are

located. In time of discussion about global climate change, little attention has been given to the

conditions of cover and land use at the site and the surrounding meteorological stations.

Considering the growth of cities, many stations formerly located in rural areas, are currently

incorporated in urban areas. In this sense, the present work aims to analyze the situation of the

meteorological stations in urban, semi-urban and non-urban areas in Brazil, in order to ascertain

that these are incorporated into the urban centers and, in addition, give issues as to the

influences of urbanization in the meteorological date. For this propose, conventional andautomatic meteorological stations of the official network of the National Institute of

Meteorology (INMET) were intercepted by image night lights stabilized on the surface (stable

lights) recorded at Operational Linescan System (OLS) aboard the Defense Meteorological

Satellite Program (DMPS ). The image of night lights for the year 2012, with a spatial

resolution of 1 km was compiled. The digital value for the pixels classified has on urban, non-

urban or semiurban by natural breaking from histogram. Of the total of 710 meteorological

stations of the INMET network, 342 are located in urban areas (52.5%), 198 in semi-urban areas

(26.8%) and 170 in non-urban areas (20.7%). However, that amount of meteorological stations

INMET, 237 are conventional stations and 473 are based on automatic stations. This division

(conventional VS automatic) there is a considerable difference in the proportion between

stations located in urban, semi-urban or non-urbanized areas. Among the 237 conventional

stations, 155 are located in urban areas (65.4%), 56 in semi-urban (23.6%) and 26 in non-urban

areas (11%). Therefore, 89% of these stations are located in areas of influence of urbanization.

In turn, the amount of automatic stations (473), 187 are located in urban areas (39.5%), 142 in

semi-urban (30%) and in non-urban areas 144 (30.5%) - indicating a homogeneous distribution

over these three conditions and land use. It is seen that most of the INMET network

meteorological stations are located in urban or semi-urban areas, which suggests that the

meteorological data currently recorded are suffering the influence of urbanized areas. This fact

can explain the variations or changes in the time series of data records, particularly of the air

temperature.

Key words: Meteorological Station, Situation, Brazil, INMET.

7/24/2019 Situao Das Estaes Meteorolgicas do INMET BRASIL

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ANLISE DA SITUAO DAS ESTAES METEOROLGICAS EM REASURBANAS, SEMI-URBANAS E NO URBANAS NO BRASIL

RESUMO: Mesmo se tratando de medies diretas, os registos de dados de estaesmeteorolgicas possuem vrios problemas, tais como: 1) a qualidade de registos que dependem

do tipo de material utilizado nas estaes; 2) a rarefeita e desigual distribuio da rede de

estaes; 3) os erros nas leituras causados por m escolha do local; 4) os defeitos que os

instrumentos podem apresentar; 5) as mudanas de equipamento ou mesmo do lugar onde a

estao est localizada e; 6) as mudanas na cobertura e uso da terra onde os instrumentos esto

localizados. Em tempo de ampla discusso sobre mudanas climticas globais, pouca atenotem sido dada s condies de cobertura e uso do solo no entorno das estaes meteorolgicas.

Considerando-se o crescimento das cidades, muitas estaes anteriormente localizadas em reas

rurais, esto atualmente incorporadas em reas urbanas. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo

averiguar a situao das estaes meteorolgicas em reas urbanas, semi-urbanas e no-urbanas

no Brasil, a fim de verificar se esto incorporadas aos centros urbanos e, alm disso, fornecer

subdios s questes como da influncia da urbanizao no registro dos dados meteorolgicos.

Para tanto, estaes meteorolgicas convencionais e automticas da rede oficial do Instituto

Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) foram interceptadas por imagem de luzes noturnas

estabilizadas na superfcie registradas pelo Operational Linescan System (OLS), a bordo do

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMPS). Foi utilizada a imagem referente a 2012,

com uma resoluo espacial de 1 km, sendo os valores digitais dos pixels classificados em

urbano, semi-urbano ou no urbano por quebra natural a partir do histograma. Do total de 710

estaes meteorolgicas da rede do INMET, 342 esto localizados em reas urbanas (52,5%),

198 em reas semi-urbanas (26,8%) e 170 em reas no urbanas (20,7%). No entanto, dessa

quantidade, 237 so estaes convencionais e 473 so estaes automticas. Nesta diviso

(convencional VS automtica), h uma diferena considervel na condio de cobertura e uso

do solo onde se situam. Dentre as 237 estaes convencionais, 155 esto localizadas em reas

urbanas (65,4%), 56 em semi-urbanas (23,6%) e 26 em reas no urbanas (11%). Por sua vez, a

quantidade de estaes automticas (473), 187 esto localizados em reas urbanas (39,5%), 142

em semi-urbana (30%) e em reas no urbanas 144 (30,5%), indicando uma distribuio

homognea ao longo destes trs condies de cobertura e uso do solo. Percebe-se que maior

parte da rede de estaes do INMET est localizada em reas urbanas ou semi-urbanas, o que

sugere que os dados meteorolgicos registados atualmente sofram a influncia de zonas

urbanizadas. Esse fato permite explicar as variaes ou mudanas na srie temporal dos dados,

particularmente referente temperatura do ar.

Palavras-chave: Estaes Meteorolgicas, Situao, Brasil, INMET.