São Paulo/New York Pelo Direito à Cidade · Frente da Luta por Moradia, ... (PT), the party that...
Transcript of São Paulo/New York Pelo Direito à Cidade · Frente da Luta por Moradia, ... (PT), the party that...
São Paulo/New York – for the Right to the City
São Paulo/New York – Pelo Direito à Cidade
March 13-20, 2010
Pratt Institute Graduate Center for Planning & the Environment
São Paulo/New York – for the Right to the City
São Paulo/New York – Pelo Direito à Cidade
Participants:
Students from Pratt Institute, New York University, Hunter College: Professor Perry Winston, Justin Bland, Tania Branquinho, Meryl Branch-
McTiernan, Pablo Castro Guijaro, Elena Conte, Ryan Cunningham, Liza Dunn, Alexa Fabrega, Alyssa Gerber, Kendra James, Sarah
Johnson, Eleni Karanicola, Kristen Karwacki, Christopher Korwell, Nikolaos Patsopoulos, Michelle Perez, Alexis Rourke, Sabrina Terry, Aga
Trojniak, Alexander Wolk.
Centro Gaspar Garcia de Direitos Humanos: Ana Paula Barretto, Renê Ivo Gonzalves, Luiz Kohara, Benedito Roberto Barbosa.
Movimento Sem Teto da Zona Noroeste, MOHAS, Movimento Sem Terra da Zona Oeste, Movimento de Defesa do Favelado, União das
Lutas de Cortiço, Movimento de Moradia do Centro, Garmic e Associação Conde de São Joaquim, Coopere-Centro, Coorpel, Comunidade
Metodista Povo de Rua, Refeitório Comunitário Penaforte, Movimento Nacional de População de Rua, Movimento Sem Terra Leste 1,
Frente da Luta por Moradia, Uniao de Moradores Municipaes (UMM), Rede Rua de Comunicacao.
-Introduction
São Paulo:
-Map of Sites Visited
-The Situation in the Street
-Informal Housing
-Squatting
-Public Housing
-Low-income Housing Downtown
-Senior Housing
-Affordable Rental/Rent Regulation
-Affordable Homeownership
-Coop Housing
New York City:
-Homelessness
-Informal Housing
-Squatting
-Public Housing
-Low-income Housing Downtown
-Senior Housing
-Rent Control
-Affordable Homeownership
-Coop Housing
Appendices
• Table of Contents
• The São Paulo/New York Workshop is the brainstorm of
Brazilian city planner Ana Paula Barretto and the Centro
Gaspar Garcia de Direitos Humanos of São Paulo. In
2008, Ana obtained her MCP at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn
NY, where I had been conducting international summer
workshops in Germany and Panama since 2000.
Stimulated by the advocates for participatory planning in
New York City, Ana wanted to share the broad-based
urban social movements in her own city with Pratt
planning and architecture students.
• Previous workshops were tasked to conduct a week-long
investigation and design charette to generate ideas for a
particular site or neighborhood that could be carried
forward by the host organizations. In Ana‟s conversations
with Luiz Kohara and René Gonzalves of the Centro, they
thought that “it would be interesting to do something more
clearly like an „exchange of experience‟”. They came with
this idea partly because of the short time that usually the
studios have and the difficulties of developing too much a
singular project. More importantly, it would be very
valuable for the Center learning how things are done in NY
as well as show and discuss how things are done in Sao
Paulo. I believe that this exchange would be very valuable
for the students as well. Certainly the themes should be
comparable in a way that „makes sense‟ in NY as well as
in São Paulo”.
• Over a year later, this idea came to fruition between March
13 and 20, 2010. The result was an intense, humbling,
and inspirational week exposed to the amazingly broad
and deep variety of people and groups in São Paulo
working with resident committees, homeless support
groups, elderly housing, and self-help housing groups.
E. Perry Winston
INTRODUCTION
The Popular-Based Housing Movement in Brazil
Brazil may currently have the most active, broad-based, and effective urban housing movement in the Western Hemisphere. Within Brazil, São Paulo was the scene of much of the early organizing efforts among the 28% of the city of 19 million that produced strong local coalitions of labor unions and favela committees that led to the União de Movimentos de Moradía (UMM).
This organization helped elect two progressive mayoral administrations: that of Luiza Erundina (1988-92), herself a housing rights activist, and of Marta Suplicy (2000 – 04). Both of them effected a broad set of reforms in housing policy that prioritized the improvement of conditions in favelas in place of removing them, and created administrative (the Secretariat for Housing & Urban Development -SEHAB) as well as funding vehicles for a variety of housing initiatives.
In turn, many members of the UMM were supporters of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), the party that brought Luis Inacio Lula da Silva to power in 2003. This new federal government created new national policies and instruments, such as the creation of the Ministry of Cities, which is working put in action the principles included in the Statute of the City. This federal urban development law , passed in 2001after 13 years of discussion, regulates portions of the 1988 Constitution dealing with urban development. A key principal in this Statute is the “right to the city”, an idea first expressed by Henri Lefebvre (1996) and later by David Harvey (2003). As stated in the 2nd article of the Statute, the purpose of urban policy is:
To guarantee the right to sustainable cities, understood as the right to urban land, housing, environmental sanitation, urban infrastructure, transportation and public services, to work and leisure for current and future generations (Presidencia da Republica 2001).
As the areas of São Paulo where the above conditions exist are almost exclusively in the central districts, the popular movements have deduced the “right to the center.” With currently 30% of buildings in central São Paulo vacant, the UMM has organized illegal occupations to emphasize that, with the growing homeless population in the downtown area, these buildings are not fulfilling their “social use value” This concept is promoted to correct imbalances resulting from the over-emphasis on “exchange values” embedded in the modern urban economic system.
The UMM and related groups have tapped into a variety of municipal housing programs. In addition to the push to recycle these vacant downtown buildings as housing for low-income groups (morar no centro), there is funding for favela upgrading and land tenure in illegal subdivisions (lote legal); renovation and new recreational facilities in public housing estates (viver melhor); channeling of waterways to avoid landslides in favelas; rent vouchers; finance for the construction of new self-help, or mutirão, coop housing, Members of the UMM are members of the Municipal Housing Council and participate in decisions about how funding for these programs will be allotted in a fiscal year.
CENTRO GASPAR GARCIA DE DEREITOS HUMANOS
The Centro Gaspar Garcia de Direitos Humanos is a key player in the movement
for decent housing in São Paulo. Founded in 1988 by grassroots and religious
activists, it has as its mission to contribute to the improvement of the lives of
inhabitants of cortiços (slums), favelas (shanty towns), of homeless, and
catadores (collectors of recyclable materials). Concentrating on the center of
São Paulo, their early efforts were directed against abusive rents, violent
evictions, and towards creating space for the coexistence of the homeless and
catadores and the creation of organized movements of this population.
In the last decade, popular pressure has resulted in some advances in public
policy that promises an improvement in the living conditions among the low-
income population in the city center. At the same time, there has been
mobilization within some sectors opposed to the permanence of this population in
the city center. In this context, the Centro has worked for the strengthening of
the popular movement and the defense of rights.
To confront these challenges, the Center has organized itself into three primary
work groups: the Cortiço Program, the Program for the Homeless and
Catadores, and the Education, Information, and Documentation Program
(NEIDOC). Their common objective is to assist and strengthen popular
movements, with an emphasis on collective struggles, the formation of social
networks, and stimulation of consciousness about inequality in issues of gender .
The Centro worked with Ms. Barretto to involve a dozen of these grassroots
movements in the planning, organization, and hosting of this workshop. The
results of this intense, eye-opening, and inspiring week are summarized in the
following pages.
Mutirao Vila PatrimonialJardim Miriam, Municipio da Diadema
Mutirao Vale das Flores
Mutirao Colinas D’ OesteJaragua
Mutirão Unidos Venceremos & Paolo FreireCidade da Tiradentes
Favela da Piscina
Favela do Sapo
Favela da Vila Prudente
Favela do Moinho
Favela do Pau Queimado
Favela Iguacu
Favela Vergueirinho
Cortico 01Rua Valdemar Dória, 210 (transitional shelter by HabiCentro)
Cortico 02 Rua Belém, 116 (renovated by HabiCentro)
Cortico 03
Rua Carlo Guimarães, 90 (44 new housing units) CDHU
Cortico 04
Cond. Joaquim Carlos, 76 – Belem, affordable condos
Cortico 05 Av. Ipiranga 1225, Former office building donated by the Federal
Govt‟. to convert it to 123 housing units.
Cortico 06 Rua Senador Feijó 126, Centro, 45 units subsidized rental
Cortico 07
Rua do Carmo 93, stalled development
Albergue Sítio das Alamedas
CRECI Rua Formosa, 215, below the Viaduto do Chá
Vila dos Idosos
Rua Carlos de Campos, 840
Penaforte Soup Kitchen Near Shopping Center Frei Caneca, Dinner and
discussion on conditons of homeless by the Movimento
Nacional da População de Rua and Rede Rua.
Coorpel_Catadores
Coopere Recycling Ctr.
Homelessness in the Center
Centro Gaspar Garcia
03 Urban Farm - Cidades sem Fome
01_Urban Farm - Vila dos Idosos
02_Urban Farm - Complexo Dova VerdeVergheirinho neighborhood