Inglês Extensivo Para o ENEM

7/18/2019 Ingls Extensivo Para o ENEM

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Impresso: Multicopy

Reviso: Geovane Souza de Oliveira

Editora o eletr ica / Ico ogra a: InfotechArt - Informao, Tecnologia e Arte

Projeto Gr co / Edi o de image s / Ilustra es : PIXEL - Criaes Visuais

Capa: Art Publish

N DICE

CAPTULO 1 - GRAMMAR 05

CAPTULO 3 - TIPS 29

CAPTULO 2 - FALSE FRIENDS 17

CAPTULO 4 - EXTRA MATERIAL 31

CAPTULO 5 - TEXT COMPREHENSION 45

FICHA TCNICA


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D I C A S ...

RESPIRE ATUALIDADE- Procure ler muito sobre todos os assuntos em livros, jornais, revistas e sites de notcias, para que no

momento da prova voc no seja pego de surpresa com alguma informao que voc desconhea. Lendo vocconseguir obter um grande vocabulrio e pacincia para enfrentar horas de leitura de enunciados;

# PEGADINHAS DE IMAGEM- Sempre que uma questo trouxer para voc uma gura ou imagem, atente-se! Busque entender o que

ela representa e o contexto em que est inserida, no v pelo bvio, nem sempre as coisas so o que parecemser;

# FALSOS COGNATOS- Sem dvida devemos tomar cuidado com falsos cognatos, principalmente nos idiomas. Por exemplo:

no confunda college (ingls) com colgio (portugus). O signi cado correto faculdade e colgio em ingls high school. J no espanhol no confunda cuello (espanhol) com coelho (portugus), pois o correto pescoo.

# INTERPRETE O TEXTO- As provas agora abordam muito interpretao de texto, incentivam o aprendizado e o pensamento,

portanto saiba entender o que est sendo passado, qual a ideia principal e como o assunto se enquadra nocontexto geral;

# NO ENROSQUE- Caso tenha alguma palavra no texto que voc desconhea, no que preso a ela. Tente entender todo o

contexto. Pode ter certeza de que apenas uma palavra no far diferena. Lembre-se do tempo e da quanti-dade de questes que voc ter pela frente;

# LEIA O PRINCIPAL- Antes de ler o texto, leia as perguntas referentes a ele. Com isso, voc no s saber o que procurar

como j ter ideia do que o texto aborda. Em seguida, leia o texto, j procurando a resposta espec ca paraa questo;

# TREINE O que contribui muito para o seu bom desempenho o treino, portanto procure provas antigas e tente

resolver as questes e faa simulados , sempre marcando seu tempo, pois ele ser precioso no dia da prova.


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CAPTULO 1 - GRAMMAR

PRONOUNS

Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives and PronounsRe exive Pronouns

subject form object form possessive adjective possessive pronoun

I me my mine myself

you you your yours yourself

he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

it it its its itself we us our ours ourselves

you you your yours yourselves

they them their theirs themselves

A pronoun usually refers to something already mentioned in a sentence or piece of text. They are used insteadof nouns to prevent repetition of the noun to which they refer. One of the most common pronouns is it .

Example (Singular): Without a pronoun: The train was late, the train had been delayed. (Sounds horrid, doesnt it?)With a pronoun: The train was late, it had been delayed. (Much better!)

In this example the train is singular, therefore the pronoun must be singular also - it .Example (Plural) :Without a pronoun : The trains were late, the trains had been delayed. (Still sounds horrid, doesnt it?)With a pronoun: The trains were late, they had been delayed. (Much better!)

In this example the trains are plural, therefore the pronoun must be plural also - they .

PERSONAL PRONOUNS - SUBJECT

Replace the words in brackets by the correct personal pronouns. Note that Sue is the person speaking. The

(*) means that you are asked a question.My name is Sue. (Sue) _____________am English. And this is my family.My mums name is Angie. (Angie) ____________is from Germany.Bob is my dad. (My dad) ____________is a waiter.On the left you can see Simon. (Simon) ___________is my brother.(Sue and Simon) _______________are twins.Our dog is a girl, Judy. (Judy) ____________is two years old.(Sue, Simon, Angie and Bob) ____________live in Canterbury.(Canterbury) ____________is not far from London.My grandparents live in London. (My grandparents) ____________often come and see us.What can (*) ____________tell me about your family?

PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT

Aaron was on a business trip to California. He shows you the souvenirs he got for his family.Fill in the correct pronouns.


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My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) her .My children like Disney lms. The video is for (they) ___________.My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for (he) ____________.My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they) ____________.I like watches. This nice watch is for (I) ____________.My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for (we) _______________.My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for (he) _____________.

My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is for (she) ______________.Here is another souvenir. I dont know what to do with (it) _______________.You know what? - Its for (you) _______________.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives.Where are (you) your friends now?Here is a postcard from (I) __________friend Peggy.She lives in Australia now with (she) ____________family.

(She) ___________husband works in Newcastle.(He) ____________company builds ships.(They) ___________children go to school in Newcastle.(I) _____________husband and I want to go to Australia, too.We want to see Peggy and (she) ____________family next winter.(We) _______________winter!Because it is (they) ____________summer.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns.This book is (you) yours .The ball is (I) ____________.The blue car is (we) _____________.The ring is (she) ____________.We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) ____________.The luggage is (he) _____________.The pictures are (she) ____________.In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it) _________________.This cat is (we) _____________.This was not my fault. It was (you) ________________.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Fill in the correct re exive pronouns.I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO myself.The girl looked at ____________in the mirror.Freddy, youll have to do your homework________________.You dont need to help them. They can do it_______________.I introduced ___________to my new neighbour.Boys, can you make your beds_______________?

She made ____________a pullover.What happens when a ghting sh sees ______________in the mirror?The father decided to repair the car________________.We can move the table__________________. T

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VERB TENSES

TENSE AFFIRMATIVE/NEGATIVE/QUESTION USE SIGNAL WORDS

Simple Present A: He speaks.N: He does not speak.Q: Does he speak?

action in the present taking place

once, never or several times factsactions taking place one afteranotheraction set by a timetable orschedule

always, every , never,normally, often, seldom,sometimes, usuallyif sentences type I ( If Italk , )

PresentProgressive

A: He is speaking.N: He is not speaking.Q: Is he speaking?

action taking place in themoment of speaking action taking place only for alimited period of timeaction arranged for the future

at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!,now, right now

Simple Past A: He spoke.N: He did not speak.Q: Did he speak?

action in the past taking placeonce, never or several times actions taking place one afteranotheraction taking place in the middleof another action

yesterday, 2 minutesago, in 1990, the otherday, last Fridayif sentence type II ( If Italked , )

PastProgressive

A: He was speaking.N: He was not speaking.Q: Was he speaking?

action going on at a certaintime in the pastactions taking place at the sametimeaction in the past that isinterrupted by another action

when, while, as long as

Present PerfectSimple

A: He has spoken.N: He has not spoken.Q: Has he spoken?

putting emphasis on the result action that is still going onaction that stopped recentlynished action that has anin uence on the presentaction that has taken place once,never or several times before themoment of speaking

already, ever, just,never, not yet, so far,till now, up to now

Present PerfectProgressive

A: He has been speaking.N: He has not beenspeaking.Q: Has he been speaking?

putting emphasis on the courseor duratio (not the result)action that recently stopped or isstill going onnished action that in uencedthe present

all day, for 4 years,since 1993, how long?,the whole week

Past PerfectSimple

A: He had spoken.N: He had not spoken.Q: Had he spoken?

action taking place before acertain time in the pastsometimes interchangeable withpast perfect progressiveputting emphasis only on thefact (not the duration)

already, just, never, notyet, once, until that dayif sentence type III ( If Ihad talked , )

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TENSE AFFIRMATIVE/NEGATIVE/QUESTION USE SIGNAL WORDS

Past PerfectProgressive

A: He had been speaking.N: He had not beenspeaking.Q: Had he been speaking?

action taking place before acertain time in the pastsometimes interchangeable withpast perfect simpleputting emphasis on theduratio or course of an action

for, since, the wholeday, all day

Future I Simple A: He will speak.N: He will not speak.Q: Will he speak?

action in the future that cannotbe in uencedspo ta eous decisionassumption with regard to thefuture

in a year, next ,tomorrowIf-Satz Typ I ( If you askher, she will help you. )assumption : I think,probably, we might ,perhaps

Future I Simple (going to)

A: He is going to speak.N: He is not going tospeak.Q: Is he going to speak?

decision made for the futureconclusion with regard to thefuture

in one year, next week,tomorrow

Future IProgressive

A: He will be speaking.N: He will not bespeaking.Q: Will he be speaking?

action that is going on at acertain time in the futureaction that is sure to happen inthe near future

in one year, next week,tomorrow

Future IISimple

A: He will have spoken.N: He will not havespoken.

Q: Will he have spoken?

action that will be ished at acertain time in the future by Monday, in a week

Future IIProgressive

A: He will have beenspeaking.N: He will not have beenspeaking.Q: Will he have beenspeaking?

action taking place before acertain time in the futureputting emphasis on the course of an action

for , the last couple ofhours, all day long

Conditional ISimple

A: He would speak.N: He would not speak.Q: Would he speak?

action that might take placeif sentences type II(If I were you, I would

go home .)

Conditional IProgressive

A: He would be speaking.N: He would not bespeaking.Q: Would he be speaking?

action that might take placeputting emphasis on the course / duratio of the action

Conditional IISimple

A: He would have spoken.N: He would not havespoken.Q: Would he have spoken?

action that might have takenplace in the past

if sentences type III(If I had seen that, Iwould have helped .)

Conditional IIProgressive

A: He would have beenspeaking.

N: He would not havebeen speaking.Q: Would he have beenspeaking?

action that might have taken

place in the pastputs emphasis on the course /duratio of the action

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VERB TENSE FINAL TEST

Cumulative Verb Tense ReviewComplete questions 1-10 below with the appropriate tenses, answer questions 11-15.

1. When Carol (call) _______________last night, I (watch) __________my favorite show on television.

2. I (work) __________for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire!

3. Sharon (love) __________to travel. She (go) _________________abroad almost every summer. Next year, sheplans to go to Peru.

4. Thomas is an author. He (write) _____________mystery novels and travel memoirs. He (write) ____________since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) ________________seven novels, three collections of short sto-ries and a book of poetry.

5. We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we (get) ____________to the train station, Susan(wait) _____________for us for more than two hours.

6. Sam (try) __________to change a light bulb when he (slip) _________and (fell)___________.

7. Everyday I (wake) _________up at 6 oclock, (eat) ___________breakfast at 7 oclock and (leave) ________for work at 8 oclock. However, this morning I (get) ______up at 6:30, (skip) ______breakfast and (leave)

___________for work late because I (forget) __________to set my alarm.

8. Right now, Jim (read) ___________the newspaper and Kathy (make) ___________dinner. Last night at thistime, they (do) ____________the same thing. She (cook) ___________and he (read) _____________the news-paper. Tomorrow at this time, they (do, also) __________the same thing. She (prepare) ___________dinner and

he (read)____________. They are very predictable people!

9. By this time next summer, you (complete) ____________your studies and ( nd) ___________a job. I, onthe other hand, (accomplish, not) ________________anything. I (study, still) _______________and you (work)

______________in some new high paying job.

10. The students (be, usually) _________________taught by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they (teach) ____________________taught by Mr. Tan

11.Jane talks on the phone.Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.Mary is talking on the phone.

Who is not necessarily on the phone now? _____________

12.Im going to make dinner for Frank.Im making dinner for Judy.Ill make dinner for Mary.

I make dinner for Ted.I will be making dinner for Tony.

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13.Jane left when Tim arrived.Bob left when Tim had arrived.Tim arrived when Mary was leaving.John had left when Tim arrived.After Tim arrived, Frank left.

Who did not run into Tim? ________________

14.Jane is talking in class.Bob always talks in class.Mary is always talking in class.

Whose action bothers you? ___________________

15.Jane never left Jamestown.Bob has never left Jamestown.

Who is still alive? ___________________

A - COMPARISON WITH -ER/-EST

clean - clean er - (the) clean estWe use -er/-est with the following adjectives:

1) adjectives with one syllable

clean cleaner cleanest

new newer newest

cheap cheap er cheapest

2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:2 - 1) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

dirty dirtier dirtiest

easy easi er easiest

happy happier happiest

pretty pretti er prettiest

2 - 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

clever cleverer cleverest

2 - 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

simple simpler simplest

2 - 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

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Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

large large r largest leave out the silent -e

big bigger biggestDouble the consonant after short vowel

sad sad der saddest

dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)

shy shyer shyest Here -y is not changed to -i.(although consonant before -y)

B - COMPARISON WITH MORE - MOST

dif cult - more dif cult - (the) most dif cultall adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables - see

2 - 1 to 2 - 4)

C - IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

good better best

bad worse worst

much more most uncountable nouns

many more most countable nouns

little less least

little smaller smallest

D - SPECIAL ADJECTIVES

Some ajdectives have two possible forms of comparison.

common commoner / more common commonest / most common

likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely

pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant

polite politer / more polite politest / most polite

simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple

stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid

subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest

sure surer / more sure surest / most sure T F 1 - 2

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Difference in meaning with adjectives:

farfarther farthest distance

further furthest distance or time

late

later latest

latter x

x last

oldolder oldest people and things

elder eldest people (family)

nearnearer nearest distance

x next order

Put in the adjective in bold from the rst sentence into the second sentence in its correct form (comparative orsuperlative). Example: I have a fast car, but my friend has a ______ car. Answer: I have a fast car, but my friend has a faster car.

1) This is a nice cat. Its much ______________than my friends cat.

2) Here is Emily. Shes six years old . Her brother is nine, so he is_____________.

3) This is a dif cult exercise. But the exercise with an asterisk (*) is the _________________exercise on theworksheet.

4) He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the _____________hobby in the world.

5) In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even ____________one last weekend.

6) School is boring , but homework is _________________than school.

7) Skateboarding is a da gerous hobby. Bungee jumping is ________________than skateboarding.

8) This magazine is cheap , but that one is_______________________.9) We live in a small house, but my grandparents house is even __________________than ours.

10) Yesterday John told me a fu y joke. This joke was the ________________joke Ive ever heard.

LINKING VERBS

Por linking verbs entende-se os verbos que, basicamente, fazem a ligao entre o sujeito da sentena e o quese diz do sujeito.

Os verbos mais comuns so: be, seem, look, feel, appear, become, grow, sound, taste, go, get, smell, prove.

Exemplos: I am proud of my students. achievements.

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The class activity proved to be interesting.It is becoming darker and darker. Let.s take a cab!His idea sounds good, doesnt it? This pasta tastes awful. Whats wrong with it?

After the crash of the Concorde, everybody wants to know what went wrong and what the future of supersonictravel is.

Some people say this world is going crazy.

My ancestors were farmers.I am getting hungry. How about going to the school cafeteria? Contrary to parents expectations, the two brothers became Catholic priests.Betty seems (to be) the ideal person to look after (take care of) the children.

A new supermarket has been built round the corner. (Passive Voice) A: What does your brother do for a living? B: Dont you know? He is a physician (doctor of medicine).

AUXILIARY VERBS

Vo ajudar dar sentido ao verbo principal. So eles:a. am, is, are, was, wereb. have, hasc. do, does, didd. will

Exemplos: A: It.s 1 p.m. I am starving. (Present Progressive or Continuous)B: No kidding!I dont believe it s raining again! It will spoil my Sunday! (Simple Future)I have already nished reading the book for my Literature class. (Present Perfect) Has your sister returned from work yet? (Present Perfect)Nothing will prevent me from succeeding! I am determined to succeed.Do you ever go to church on Sundays? (Simple Present)Does your brother speak Spanish? (Simple Present)Did you visit the Tower of London when you were there? (Simple Past)

MODALS

1) can

Use Examples

ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to) I can speak English.

permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) Can I go to the cinema?

request Can you wait a moment, please?

offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow.

suggestion Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?

possibility It can get very hot in Arizona. T F 1 - 2

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2) could

Use Examples

ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) I could speak English.

permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I could go to the cinema.

polite question * Could I go to the cinema, please?polite request * Could you wait a moment, please?

polite offer * I could lend you my car till tomorrow.

polite suggestion * Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?

possibility * It could get very hot in Montana.

3) may

Use Examples

possibility It may rain today.

permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) May I go to the cinema?

polite suggestion May I help you?

4) might

Use Examples

possibility (less possible than may) * It might rain today.

hesitant offer * Might I help you?

5) must

Use Examples

force, necessity I must go to the supermarket today.

possibility Youmust be tired.

advice, recommendation You must see the new lm with Brad Pitt.

6) must not/may not

Use Examples

prohibition You must t work on dads computer.You may not work on dads computer.

7) need not

Use Examples

not necessary I eed t go to the supermarket, were going to therestaurant tonight. T F 1 - 2

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Modal Verb Substitute Example

must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim.

must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim.

can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim.

may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim.

need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim.

need not not to have to I need not swim. = I dont have to swim.

shall / should/ought to

to be supposed to / to beexpected to / to be to

I shall / should / ought to swim. = I am supposed to swim. / I am expected to swim. / I am to swim.

Use modal verbs where possible. If a modal verb cant be used with a certain tense, use its substitute.

You (must) must get up early tomorrow.

You (not / need) ______________call a baby sitter.

We (may) _______________watch the lm tonight.

He (not / can) ____________see me yesterday.

She (must) _____________stay at school yesterday afternoon.

(may / you) ______________go to the disco yesterday?

He (not / must) ________________sleep now.

You (not / need) ___________answer.

He (ought to) ______________give evidence at the court yesterday.

Since he bought the new car he (not / can) ________________sleep

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ANOTAES:

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Fsica MDULO 1

INGLS

Ingls

FALSOS COGNATOS - FALSE FRIENDS

Apesar das diferenas entre o portugus e o ingls, ambos os idiomas tm palavras que se assemelhamna escrita ou no som. Algumas dessas palavras de fato possuem o mesmo signi cado nas duas lnguas (como

television e computer , que se traduzem por televiso e computador, respectivamente). Essas palavras quetm semelhana ortogr ca e mesmo signi cado em diferentes lnguas chamam-se cognatos .

Entretanto, existem outras palavras que diferem completa ou parcialmente quanto ao signi cado, apesar

de a ortogra a nos levar a pensar que elas realmente tenham o mesmo signi cado no portugus. Estes pares

de palavras so conhecidos como False Cognates ou False Friends ( Falsos Cognatos ou Falsos Amigos ). Aseguir, apresentamos uma lista com a seleo das palavras mais trickys (enganosas ), organizadas da seguinte

maneira: na 1 coluna encontram-se o falso cognato e o seu signi cado em portugus e, na segunda, a palavraem portugus com semelhana quela do ingls e a traduo para o ingls:

Actual - real, verdadeiro atual - current

Actually - na verdade, de fato atualmente - currently, nowadays

Adept - perito, profundo conhecedor adepto - follower, supporter

Advert - notar advertir - to warn, to advise

Agenda - pauta do dia, pauta para discusses agenda - organizer, diary

Alias nome falso, cognato alis - else, moreover, furthermore/besides / by the way

Alms - esmola almas - souls

Alum us aluno j formado aluno - student, pupil

Amass acumular, juntar amassar - to crush

Anthem hino antena - aerial, antenna / antena pa-rablica - satellite dish

Anticipate - prever; preceder antecipar (adiantar) - to advance, tomove forward

A ti ue objeto de arte antigo, antiguidade antigo - old, ancient

Apologize desculpar-se apologizar (fazer apologia) - to makedefense

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Apparel vesturio em geralaparelho - equipment, apparatus /device/ machine / braces (aparelhoortodntico)

Example:

She was re ned in her choice of apparel .(Ela tinha bom gosto na escolha de seu vesturio.)

Application - inscrio, registro, uso aplicao (investir dinheiro)- to in-vest money

Appoint nomear, marcar, designar apontar (para algum ou alguma coi-sa) - to point to, to point at

Appointment - compromisso pro ssional apontamento (observao) - note

Assist - ajudar, dar assistncia assistir (ver, olhar) - to watch

Assume - presumir, supor assumir - to undertake, to take over

Attend - assistir, participar deatender (a telefone, porta ou campai-nha)- to answer the telephone, thedoor, the door-bell

Available vlido, disponvel avalivel - ratable

Avocado abacate advogado - lawyer

Balcony - sacada, varanda suspensa balco - counter

Example:

The legendary balcony where Juliet Capulet is saidto have pined for Romeo is one of the most visited

sites in Italy.

(A lendria sacada onde dizem que Julieta Capuletosentiu saudades de Romeu uma das mais

visitadas da Itlia.)

Barracks caserna, quartel barraca - tent

Beef - carne bovina bife - steak

Bond elo, vnculo, aplicebonde - streetcar, trolley car (USA),cable car, tram

Brand marca brando - tender, soft, mild,temperate T

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Cafeteria - refeitrio, bandejo,cantina

cafeteria - coffeehouse, coffee shop, coffeebar, cafe, etc.

Camp acampamento militar campo - eld

Candor sinceridade, franqueza candura - candidness

Cargo - carga cargo - post, position

Carton - caixa de papelo carto - card

Casualty - baixa (mortes em acidenteou guerra) casualidade - chance

Chef - chefe de cozinha chefe - boss, chief

China porcelana, loua de porcelana China (pas) - China

Cigar charuto cigarro - cigarette

Collar - gola, colarinho, coleira colar (noun) - necklace / colar (verb) - to glue

College faculdade colgio - school

Commodity - artigo, mercadoria comodidade - convenience

Comprehensive - abrangente, extenso compreensivo - understanding / tolerant,sympathetic

Conceal - ocultar, dissimular conselho - advice ( a piece of advice = umconselho)

Co de t - con ante con dente - con dant

Co strue explicar, interpelar construir - to build

Contest - competio, concurso contestar - to impeach, to impugn / tocontrovert, to challenge /to object

Conversant conhecedor, versado conversador - talkative person, loquacious

person, talker, conversationalistConverse oposto, contrrio conversa - chat, talk

Convict - ru, condenado, prisioneiros convicto - sure, certain, positive

Example:

Two of the convicts have escaped from prison .

(Dois dos prisioneiros escaparam dapriso.)

Costume - fantasia (traje), traje tpico costume - habit, custom

Curse - maldio, praga, xingamento curso - course

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Dairy - laticnios, fbrica de laticnios dirio (noun) - diary; daily (adjective)

Data - dados (nmeros, informaes) data - date

Deception - engano, iluso decepo - disappointment

Dent - amasso, marca de batida dente - tooth

Example:My car has a dent where it hit a tree .

(Meu carro est amassado onde se chocoucontra uma rvore.)

Dependable - con vel dependente - dependant, dependent /relative; subordinate

Design - projetar, criar / projeto, estilo designar - to appoint

Devolve - transferir devolver - to return, give back, refund(especially money), to render (restituir)

Discrete distinto, separado discreto - discreet, tactful, reserved,

Discussio debate, consideraes discusso (desavena, bate-boca) -argumentDisgusti g nojento, repulsivo desgostoso - displeased, dissatis ed

Divert desviar divertir - to entertain, to amuse / divertir-se- to enjoy oneself, to have fun

Diversion - desviodiverso - amusement / fun / entertainment,pastime / parque de diverses - amusementpark.

Doze - cochilar doze (number) - twelve / dose - dose

Educatio instruo, formao escolar educao (boas maneiras) politeness, goodmanners

Effective e caz, que produz efeito efetivo permanent

Elaborate esmerar, aperfeioar elaborar develop, prepare

Engross monopolizar engrossar to enlarge, to thicken

Enroll inscrever-se, matricular-se enrolar to roll

Estate bens, patrimnio estado state

Estrange separar, apartar estranho strange

Eve tually nalmente eventualmente occasionally

Exigency urgncia, situao deemergncia exigncia demand

Exit sada xito success, effect, result, outcome,triumph

Expert especialista, perito esperto smart, clever T F 1 - 2

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Ex uisite re nado, requintado, seleto,belo, no esquisito strange, weird, odd

Example:

There is an exquisite lampshade in the livingroom.

(H uma abajur re nado na sala de estar.)

Fabric tecido fbrica plant, factory

Example:

The dressmaker measured off enough fabric for a dress.

(A costureira mediu tecido su ciente paraum vestido.)

Fate destino fato fact, event, happeningFigure nmero gura picture

File arquivo la line, queue

Flagrant espalhafatoso, escandalosoagrante at the very moment / emagrante in the act, red-handed / pegarem agrante to take by surprise

Gem pedra preciosa, jia, prola gema (ovo) yolk

Genial afvel, aprazvel genial brilliant

Gentility dalguia, nobreza gentileza kindness, niceness

Gracious benvolo, bondoso gracioso graceful

Grand grandioso, nobre, magn co grande (tamanho, volume) big, large

Gratuity grati cao, gorjeta gratuito free

Grip segurar rme gripe in uenza, u Gripe (noun) queixa, reclamao

Gripe (verb) reclamar continuamente

Example:

I have a gripe about the service here.

(Tenho uma queixa sobre o servio daqui.)

Hazard risco, perigo, arriscar, colocar em risco

Examples:The commander was hazarding the health of his crew .

(O comandante estava colocando em risco a sade de suatripulao.)

Space travel is full of hazards .(Viajar ao espao cheio de riscos.)

azar bad luck

Hostage refm hspede guest T F 1 - 2

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Idioms expresses idiomticas idiomas - languagesI come tax retur declarao de impostode renda

income tax refund - devoluo do impostode renda

I ge uity engenhosidade, criatividade ingenuidade - verdancy, greenness,naivety, gullibility

I ge ious * hbil, engenhoso ingnuo - naive, ingenuous

Inhabitable habitvel

Example:Venus is the second-most inhabitable planet inour solar system .

(Vnus o segundo planeta mais habitvel donosso sistema solar.)

inabitvel - uninhabitable

I jury ferimento injria - offense, insult

Inscription gravao em relevo (sobrepedra, metal, etc.) inscrio - registration, application

Intend pretender, tencionar entender - to understand

Intoxication embriaguez, efeito de drogas intoxicao - poisoning

*Cuidado para no confundir ingenious (hbil, engenhoso ) com ingenuous , que tem o mesmo sentido da palavranaive (ingnuo) em ingls. Muitos native speakers (falantes nativos ) do preferncia para a palavra de origemfrancesa naive quando querem se referir a algum ingnuo(a).

Jar - pote jarra - pitcher, jug

Jest zombaria, gracejo, brincadeira gesto - gesture

Jour al - peridico, revista especializadaExample:My doctor reads the medical journals . (Meu mdico costuma ler as revistasespecializadas da medicina.)

jornal - newspaper

Lamp - luminria lmpada - light bulb

Large - grande, espaoso, amploExample:

A man with a large family needs a large house .

(Um homem com uma famlia grande precisade uma casa espaosa.)

largo - broad, wide

Lecture palestra, conferncia, aulaexpositiva leitura - reading

Legate embaixador, enviado legado - legacy

Legend lenda legenda - subtitles

Library biblioteca livraria - bookstore, bookshop

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Li uor bebida alcolica em geral licor - liqueur

Location localizao locao - rental

Lu ch almoo lanche - snack

Luxury luxo, suntuosidade luxria - lewdness, lasciviousness / lust

Magazine revista magazine (loja) - shop, store

Mayor prefeito maior - bigger

Mascara - rmel mscara - mscara

Mate - colega, companheiro matar - to kill

Medicine - remdio, medicamento medicina - medicine

Miserable - triste, muito indisposto, pssimo

Example: This cold makes me feel miserable .(Esse resfriado faz eu me sentir pssimo.)

miservel (avarento, sovina) - mean

Moisture - umidade mistura - mix, mixture, blend

Motto - lema moto - motorcycle

Notice notar, perceber/ aviso, comunicaoExample: She noticed that someone was following her . notcia - news

Notions - artigos de armarinho noo - notion, opinion, idea

Novel - romance novela - soap opera

Of ce escritrio, consultrio

Example:

I rented an of ce in the new building.

(Aluguei um escritrio no prdio novo.)

ofcio - trade, occupation

Of cial - funcionrio, o cial (adj) o cial militar - of cer

Oration discurso formal orao (reza) - prayer T F 1 - 2

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Parent pai ou me parente - relative

Particular - espec co, exato particular - personal, private

Pasta - massa (alimento) pasta - folder, briefcase

Patron - santo, padroeiro, patrocinador, fregus, cliente patro - employer, boss

Phrase expresso consagrada, dito, locuo(gramtica) frase - sentence

Physician mdico fsico - physicist

Pipe cano, cachimbo pipa - kite

Policy - norma, programa de ao, aplice (de seguro) polcia - police (plural noun)

Pork - carne de porco porco - pig

Port - porto porta - door

Prejudice - preconceito prejuzo - damage, lossPresently - logo mais, dentro em breve, daqui a pouco

Example: The book will appear presently .

(Daqui a pouco o livro aparece.)

presentemente , atualmente - atpresent, now, today

Preservative - conservante preservativo - condom

Pretend - ngir, fazer de conta pretender - to intend

Proper - apropriado, adequado, educado, decente;propriamente dito prprio - own

Propitiate aplacar, apaziguar, conciliar propiciar - to give, to provide, toafford

Pull - puxar pular - to jump

Push - empurrar puxar - to pull

Range - variar, cobrirranger (verb) - to creak, to grind

Ranger - guarda orestal

Realize - notar, perceber, compreender realizar - to carry out, to makecome true, to accomplish

Recipient - recebedor, agraciado recipiente - container T F 1 - 2

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Reclaim recuperarExample: A wallet has been found and can bereclaimed at the managers of ce.(Foi encontrada uma carteira, que pode ser recuperarno escritrio do gerente.)

reclamar - to complain about, toclaim

Record - gravar, disco, gravaorecordar - to remember, to recall

Refrigerant - substncia refrigerante usada emaparelhos refrigerante - soda, soft drinkRelapse recair, reincidir relapso (adj) - relapsing,

backslidingRe uireme t - requisito

requerimento - petitionResign demitir-se, renunciar resignar-se - to be resigned, to

adjust oneself toRespite descanso, folga

respeito - respectResume - retomar, reiniciar, dar prosseguimento

resumir - to summarize, to sum upRsum - curriculum vitae, currculo

Retired aposentadoretirado - removed, secluded

Rim bordarim - kidney

Robbery assaltoroubo, furto - theft *

Scenario sinopse de lme ou pea cenrio (teatro, lme) - setting

Scholar pessoa erudita, versada escolar (adj) - school (of school)

Selvage ourela (de tecido), borda selvagem - savage, wild

Senior - idoso senhor - mister, sir

Sensible sensato sensvel - sensitive

Service - atendimento servio - job

Shoot - atirar (dar um tiro) chute - kickSort espcie, tipo sorte - fate, fortune, luck

Spectacles - culos espetculos - shows, concerts

Stranger - desconhecido estrangeiro - foreign(adj), foreigner(noun)

Stupid - burro, ignorante estpido (bruto) - coarse, rude,brute, ill-mannered

Supper ceia, jantar super(mercado) - supermarket,market T F 1 - 2

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Support - apoiar suportar (tolerar) - to bear, tostandSyllabus contedo programtico slaba - syllable

Sympathetic - compreensivo, solidrio com osproblemas e sentimentos do outro simptico - nice

Sympathize - compadecer-se,

mostrar-se compreensivoExample: You must sympathize with the widow.

(Voc deve se mostrarcompreensivo com a viva.)

simpatizar - to feel an affectionfor, to take a liking to

Sympathy - compaixo, condolncia(s),solidariedade

simpatia - likeableness, liking,affection, af nity

Tax - imposto taxa - rate, fee

Tent - barraca, tenda tentar - to try

Toss - arremessar, arremesso, arremesso demoeda para decidir algo.

tosse , tossir - cough, to coughExample: bouquet toss

Trainer - preparador fsico treinador - coach

Tur - vez, volta, curva / virar, girar turno - shift, roundTutor - professor particular tutor - curator, guardian

Ultimately - em ltima anlise ultimamente - letely, recently

Vegetables - verduras,legumes vegetais - plants

Ve ture risco, acaso,aventura **

ventura (felicidade) - happiness,good luck

Vicious - defeituoso, impuro; perverso, mau, ferozExamples: a vicious circle - crculo vicioso vicious air - ar viciado, impuro a vicious temper - um tem-peramento explosivo, perverso

a vicious dog - um co feroz

viciado (em drogas) - addicted (adjective); addict (noun)

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Vine - videira

vinho - wine

Voluble falante, loquaz volvel - ckle, shifty, inconstant * Usa-se theft no sentido de furto: ato que acontece quando ningum v e no h violncia. Usa-se robbery

para assaltos em que h violncia e ameaas.** A expresso joint venture , muito usada hoje em dia, signi ca uma aventura conjunta ou empreendimento

conjunto, geralmente de natureza comercial ou industrial, no qual duas pessoas (fsicas ou jurdicas) investemrecursos nanceiros com a nalidade de auferir lucro.

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ANOTAES:

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Fsica MDULO 1

INGLS

Ingls

A compreenso do texto dispensa a traduo palavra por palavra. O uso excessivo do dicionrio implica emperda de tempo. necessrio o uso constante dr raciocnio para analisar, deduzir e concluir satisfatoriamente.

Sempre que voc for ler um texto instrumental, no caso um texto em lngua estrangeira, deve:

1 - No usar o dicionrio nesse primeiro momento.2 - Atentar para a apresentao visual do texto.3 Atentar para o ttulo do texto (traduza-o se for preciso, pois h sempre uma correlao entre ttulo e assuntodo texto)4 Fazer um brainstorme do ttulo (todos os possveis assuntos que podem aparecer no texto), utilizando o seu

previous Knowledge (o que voc sabe sobre o assunto).5 Fazer uma previso dos possveis assuntos a serem tratados no texto (prediction).6 Ler o texto do comeo ao m, partindo do geral para o espec co, atentando para:

6.1 as palavras transparentes (cognates words).6.2 as palavras conhecidas (palavras que voc j sabe em ingls).7 Inferir as palavras apenas pelos seus contextos, sem a ajuda de um dicionrio.8 Depois de ter lido todo o texto, voc deve ler cada pargrafo novamente, atentando para o tpico frasal decada pargrafo.9 Voc deve usar o dicionrio apenas para entender as palavras mais importantes de cada pargrafo.

Dependendo do objetivo da leitura, voc dever distinguir trs nveis de compreenso: _ General comprehension: obtida atravs de uma leitura rpida para se captar as informaes genricas do

texto, ou seja, o que de maior relevncia para o texto.

_ Main points comprehension: A leitura dos pontos principais exige que nos detenhamos com maior atenona busca das informaes principais do texto, observando cada pargrafo para identi car os dados espec cosque mais interessam ao leitor.

_ Detailed comprehension: Este tipo de leitura mais profundo que os anteriores. Exige a compreenso dosdetalhes do texto e demanda, por isso, muito mais tempo. Deve ser cuidados, especialmente quando apli-cada em instrues operacionais de equipamentos, experincias, etc... de modo que seu funcionamento sejapreciso e seguro.

Maior sucesso ter o leitor no estudo do texto se zer uso de algumas estratgias de leitura, bem como todasas dicas que o prprio texto proporciona. Conhea a seguir alguns desses elementos.

1 Skimming : Estratgia que consiste em lanar os olhos rapidamente sobre o texto, numa breve leitura paracaptar o assunto geral apenas, se esse for o objetivo da leitura.

2 Scanning: uma estratgia de leitura no-linear em que o leitor busca objetivamente localizar as infor-maes em que est interessado. Atravs do scanning o leitor objetivo e seletivo e nem sempre precisa lero texto todo.

Exemplo: a procura dos tipos de contgio da AIDS em um texto sobre doena.

3 Cognates: Muito comuns na lngua inglesa, os cognatos so termos de procedncia grega ou latina bastanteparecidos com o portugus tanto na forma escrita como no signi cado. Seria interessante o aluno notar que os

cognatos podem ser idnticos: radio, piano, hospital, nuclear, social, etc...

Bastante parecidos: gasoline, in ation. Intelligent, population, history, etc...Vagamente parecidos: electricity, responsible, infalible, explain, activity, etc...

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4 - Repeated words: Quando certas palavras se repetem vrias vezes no texto, mesmo com formas diferentes(exemplo socialismo, social, socialist, socialize...), normalmente so importantes para a compreenso. As palavrasrepetidas aparecem especialmente na forma de verbos, substantivos e adjetivos e nem sempre so cognatas.

5 Typography: As marcas tipogr cas so elementos que, no texto, transmitem informaes nem semprerepresentadas por palavras. Reconhece-las um auxlio bastante til leitura.

6 Key words: As palavras-chave so aquelas que esto mais de perto associadas especi camente ao assunto dotexto, podendo aparecer repetidas e algumas vezes na forma de sinnimos. A identi cao das key words atravesdo skimming leva-nos a Ter uma viso geral do texto.

7 Prediction: a atividade pela qual o aluno levado a predizer, inferir o contedo de um texto atravs do ttuloou de outros elementos tipogr cos, como ilustraes, por exemplo. Sendo uma atividade do tipo pr-leitura, aprediction contribui para estimular o interesse e a curiosidade do aluno pelo contedo de um texto que o tpicosugere.

Quanto mais cultura geral (bacground knowlodge) tiver o leitor, mais fcil ser q sua prediction. Tomemos

como exemplo o ttulo ecologia. Um leitor com um conhecimento razovel poderia ordinariamente predizer sobreo assunto listando palavras como: Meio-ambiente, Poluir, Desastroso, Poluentes, Matar, Devastao, Poluio, Flo-restas tropicais, Animais em extino, Proteger, Protestos, Chuva cida, Produtos qumicos, Natureza, Reforestar,Envenenar, Etc... Estas palavras poderiam at no fazer parte do texto, mas muito provvel que faam. Observeagora o mesmo ttulo em ingls e avalie o grau de di culdade comparado com aquele em portugus.

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Fsica MDULO 1

INGLS

Ingls

PALAVRAS DE FUNO

A

about a respeito de, por volta de, sobre acima de

above acima de

after depois de, aps

against contra

along ao longo de

although embora

and e

any qualquer, algum

around por volta de

as como, enquanto

as long as enquanto

as soon as to logoas well as bem como

at a, em, no na

away fora, afastado de, longe de

B

back atrs de, de volta

Before antes de, em frente abecause porque

bebind atrs de

between entre

beyond alm de

both ambos

but porm, mas

by por, perto de

by the time quando

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D

despite a despeito de

down para baixo,abaixo

due to devido a

E

either qualquer um de dois

either tambm no, tampouco

either/or um ou outro

enough su ciente

even if mesmo se

every time toda vez

except exceto

F

for para, por, durante, a m de

forward adiantefrom de (procedncia)

I

if se

in em, dentro de

in case (that) no caso de

in order to a m de

in spite of a despeito de

inasmuch as porque

inside dentro

into para dentro de

J

just as assim como,assim que T F 1 - 2

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L

like como, semelhante ao

N

near perto

neither nenhum de dois

nevertheless no obstante

next to ao lado de

Nonetheless no obstante

nor nem

O

of de

Off para desligar, para fora de

On sobre

on the other hand por outro lado

once uma vez

only if s se

opposite oposto

or Or

otherwise de outra forma

out fora, exterior

over sobre, por cima

P

provided that se

providing that se

R

rather than ao invs de T F 1 - 2

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S

since desde,porque

so para que, ento, portanto

so long as enquanto

T

the last time a ltima vez

the next time a prxima vez

therefore portanto

though embora

through atravs at

till at

to para, at a

to + verbo no in nitivo (ex: to work) trabalhar

towards em direo

twice duas vezes

U

under debaixo de

unless a menos que

until at

up para cima, acima

upon sobre, em cima

W

what o que

when quando

whenever quando quer que

where onde

whereas enquanto, por outro lado

whether or not quer sim.. quer no

which qual T F 1 - 2

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while enquanto

who quem

whom quem (objeto)

why por que

with com

within dentro de

without sem

Y

yet ainda, assim, mas

VERBOS IRREGULARES

Base Past Past Portuguese Form Tense Participle Translation

arise arose arisen surgir, erguer-se awake awoke awoken despertar be was, were been ser, estar

bear bore borne suportar, ser portador de beat beat beaten bater become became become tornar-se befall befell befallen acontecer beget begot begotten, begot procriar, gerar begin began begun comear behold beheld beheld contemplar bend bent bent curvar bet bet bet apostar bid bid bid oferecer, fazer uma oferta

bind bound bound unir, obrigar-se bite bit bitten morder bleed bled bled sangrar, ter hemorragia blow blew blown assoprar, explodir break broke broken quebrar breed bred bred procriar, reproduzir bring brought brought trazer broadcast broadcast broadcast irradiar, transmitir build built built construir buy bought bought comprar

cast cast cast atirar, deitar catch caught caught pegar, capturar choose chose chosen escolher

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cling clung clung aderir, segurar-se come came come vir cost cost cost custar creep crept crept rastejar cut cut cut cortar deal dealt dealt negociar, tratar dig dug dug cavocar do did done fazer ** draw drew drawn tracionar, desenhar ** drink drank drunk beber drive drove driven dirigir, ir de carro eat ate eaten comer fall fell fallen cair feed fed fed alimentar feel felt felt sentir, sentir-se ght fought fought lutar nd found found achar, encontrar ee ed ed fugir, escapar ing ung ung arremessar y ew own voar, pilotar forbid forbade forbidden proibir forget forgot forgot, forgotten esquecer forgive forgave forgiven perdoar freeze froze frozen congelar, paralisar get got gotten, got obter ** give gave given dar go went gone ir grind ground ground moer grow grew grown crescer, cultivar have had had ter, beber, comer hear heard heard ouvir hide hid hidden, hid esconder hit hit hit bater hold held held segurar hurt hurt hurt machucar keep kept kept guardar, manter know knew known saber, conhecer lay laid laid pr na horizontal,lead led led liderar leave left left deixar, partir lend lent lent dar emprestado let let let deixar, alugar lie lay lain deitar lose lost lost perder, extraviar make made made fazer, fabricar ** mean meant meant signi car, querer dizer meet met met encontrar, conhecer T F

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overcome overcame overcome superar overtake overtook overtaken alcanar, surpreender pay paid paid pagar put put put colocar quit quit quit abandonar read read read ler ride rode ridden andar ring rang rung tocar (campainha, etc.) rise rose risen subir, erguer-se run ran run correr, concorrer, dirigir saw sawed sawn serrar say said said dizer see saw seen ver seek sought sought procurar obter, objetivar sell sold sold vender send sent sent mandar set set set pr em condio, marcar **shake shook shaken sacudir, tremer shed shed shed soltar, deixar cair ** shine shone shone brilhar, reluzir shoot shot shot atirar, alvejar show showed shown mostrar, exibir shrink shrank shrunk encolher, contrair shut shut shut fechar, cerrar sing sang sung cantar sink sank sunk afundar, submergir sit sat sat sentar slay slew slain matar, assassinar sleep slept slept dormir slide slid slid deslizar, escorregar sling slung slung atirar, arremessar speak spoke spoken falar spend spent spent gastar spin spun spun ar, rodopiar spit spit, spat spit, spat cuspir spread spread spread espalhar spring sprang sprung fazer saltar stand stood stood parar de p, agentar steal stole stolen roubar stick stuck stuck cravar, ncar, en ar sting stung stung picar (inseto) stink stank stunk cheirar mal strike struck struck golpear, desferir, atacar string strung strung encordoar, amarrar strive strove striven esforar-se, lutar swear swore sworn jurar, prometer, assegurar sweep swept swept varrer T F

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swim swam swum nadar swing swung swung balanar, alternar take took taken tomar ** teach taught taught ensinar, dar aula

tear tore torn rasgar, despedaar tell told told contar think thought thought pensar throw threw thrown atirar, arremessar tread trod trodden pisar, trilhar undergo underwent undergone submeter-se a, suportar understand understood understood entender uphold upheld upheld sustentar, apoiar,wear wore worn vestir, usar, gastar win won won vencer, ganhar

wind wound wound enrolar, rodar, dar corda write wrote written escrever, redigir

** verbos de signi cado mltiplo, que podem mudar consideravelmente de signi cado, conforme a frase emque ocorrerem. Em maior ou menor grau, a maioria dos signi cados em portugus fornecidos acima servem ap -enas como indicativo aproximado e provvel. O signi cado exato vai sempre depender do contexto em que ocor -rerem os verbos.

PREFIXES AND SUFIXES

1. PREFIX: DIS (InDICA nEGA O DES - .)

appoint (apontar) dis appoint (desapontar)

agree (concordar) dis agree (desconcordar)

advantage (vantagem) dis advantage (desvantagem)

count (contar) dis count (descontar)

cover (cobrir) dis cover (descobrir)

honest (honesto) dis honest (deshonesto)loyal (leal) dis loyal (desleal)

obey (obedecer) dis obey (desobedecer)

PREFIX: IM.In (InDICAM nEGA O IM, In.)

perfect (perfeito) imperfect (imperfeito)

permeable (permevel) impermeable (impermevel)

polite (polido) impolite (impolido)

adequade (adequado) ina dequate (inadequado) T F 1 - 2

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evitable (evitvel) ine vitable (inevitvel)

sane (so,sadio) insane (insano,demente)

sincere (sincero) insincere (insincero)

PREFIX: I (Indica negao - i - .)

limited (limitado) ilimited (ilimitado)

literate (letrado) illiterate (analfabeto)

mortal (mortal) immortal (imortal)

mutable (mutvel) immutable (imutvel)

regular (regular) irregular (irregular)

responsible (responsvel) irresponsible (irresponsvel)

reversible (reversvel) irreversible (irreversvel)

PREFIX (UN) = in, des (indica negao.)

able (capaz) u able (incapaz)

common (comum) u common (incomum)

happy (feliz) u happy (infeliz)

done (feito) u done (desfeito)

fair (justo) u fair (injusto)

pleasant (agradvel) u pleasant (desagradvel)

comfortable (confortvel) u comfortable (desconfortvel)

friendly (corts) u friendly (descorts)

to chain (acorrentar) to u chain (desacorrentar)

to do (fazer) to u do (desfazer)

PREFIX (RE - ) (Indica fazer novamente.)

to read (ler) to re read (reler)

to write(escrever) to re write(escrever)

to wash (lavar) to re wash (lavar novamente)

to study (estudar) to re study (estudar novamente)

to play (tocar) to re play (tocar novamente)

to photograph (fotografar) to re photograph (fotografar novamente) T F 1 - 2

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PREFIX (OVER) = (Indica excesso.)

overgrow crescer demais

over growth crescimento excessivo

Over cop semear, em excesso

over busy demasiado ocupado

over dose dose excessiva

over buy comprar em demasia

Over full superlotado, transbordante

over suplly Superabundncia

over store Armazenar em excesso

over happy feliccssimo

2. SUFFIX (- TY) = DADE (Transforma um adjetivo em substantivo)

Adjetivo Substa tivo

sincere (sincero) Sinceri ty (sinceridade)

proper (prprio) proper ty (propriedade)

able (hbil) ability (habilidade)

real (real) reali ty (realidade)

cruel (cruel) cruel ty (crueldade)

opportune (oportuno) opportuni ty (oportunidade)

curious (curioso) curiosi ty (curiosidade)

national (nacional) nationali ty (nacionalidade)

loyal (leal) loyalty (lealdade)

SUFFIX (LY) = MENTE (Transforma um adjetivo em advrbio de modo.)

Adjetivo Substa tivo

glad (alegre) gladly (alegremente)

slow (lento) slowly (lentamente)

careful (cuidadoso) carefully (cuidadosamente)

easy (fcil) easily (facilmente)

true (verdadeiro) truly (verdadeiramente)

angry (raivosamente) angrily (raivosamente) T F 1 - 2

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CUIDADO!!!harp (rduo) hard (arduamente)fast (rpido) fast (rapidamente)

SUFFIXES (FUL) = cheio de e (LESS) indica falta, ausncia (transformam substantivo em adjetivo)

use (uso) use ful = til useless = intilcheer (alegre) cheer ful = alegre cheer less = triste

care (cuidado) care ful = cuidadoso careless = descuidado

voice (voz) voiceful = sonoro voiceless = silencioso, calado

pain (dor) pain ful = dolorido painless = sem dor (indolor)

harm (dano) ham ful = prejudicial harmless = inofensivo

power (poder) power ful = poderoso powerless = ine caz

SUFFIX nESS (Transforma adjetivos em substantivos abstratos.)

good (bom) good ness (bondade)

glad (alegre) glad ness (alegria)

happy (feliz) happiness (felicidade)

sick (doente) sick ness (doena)

ill (doente) illness (doena)mad (louco) mad ness (loucura)

dark (escuro) dark ness (escurido)

kind (bondoso) kind ness (bondade)

weak (fraco) weak ness (fraqueza)

stubbom (teimoso) stubbor ness (teimosia)

sel sh (egosta) sel shness (egosmo)

SUFFIX Y (transforma substantivo em adjetivo.)(-oso, ado)

rain (chuva) rainy (chuvoso)

cloud (nuvem) cloudy (nublado)

star (estrela) starry (estrelado)

fog (neblina) foggy (nebuloso)

ice (gelo) icy (gelado)

sun (sol) sunny (ensolarado) T F 1 - 2

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wind (vento) windy (ventoso)

greed (ambio) greedy (ambicioso)

sand (areia) sandy (arenoso)

water (gua) watery (quoso)

snow (neve) snowy (nevado)

blood (sangue) bloody(ensangentado)

noise (rudo) noisy (ruidoso)

SUFFIXES: - ER, -OR, -AR (Indicam a pessoa ou coisa que faz a ao do verbo.)

to teach (ensinar) teach er (professor)

to hunt (caar) hunt er (caador)

to drive (dirigir) driver (motorista)

to dive (mergulhar) div er (mergulhador)

to sail (navegar) sail or (marinheiro)

to visit (visitar) visit or (visitante)

to lie (mentir) li ar (mentiroso)

to beg (mendigar) begg ar (mendigo), implorar

SUFFIX EN (Transforma adjetivo em verbo.)

bright (claro) to bright en (claro)

dark (escuro) to dark en (escuro)

weak (fraco) to wak en (fraco)

loose (frouxo) to loos en (afrouxar)

sick (doente) to sick en ( car doente)

fast (apertado, xo) to fast en (apertar, xar)

tight (apertado,esticado) to tight en (apertar,esticar)

soft (mole,suave) to soft en (amolecer,suavizar)

SUFFIX ESS (Forma o feminino de algumas palavras.)

actor (ator) actress (atriz)

god (Deus) goddess (Deusa)

prince (prncipe) princess (princesa) T F 1 - 2

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duke (duque) duchess (duquesa)

emperor (imperador) empress (imperatriz)

host (an trio) hostess (an tri)

waiter (garon) waitress (garonete)

tiger (tigre) tigress (tigresa)

lion (leo) lioness (leoa)

mister (senhor) mistress (senhora)

master (mestre) mistress (mestra)

jew (judeu) jewess (judia)

wizard (feiticeiro) - witch (bruxa)

son ( lho) - daughter ( lha)

son-in-law (genro) - daughter -in-law (nora)

godfather (padrinho) - godmother (madrinha)

stepfather (padrasto) - stepmother (madrasta)

stepson (enteado) - stepdaughter

godson (a lhado) goddaugther (a lhada)

SUBSTANTIVOS PESSOAIS COMUNS

Certos substantivos podem ser usados tanto para o masculino como para o feminino

artist - artista

fool - tolo(a), bobo(a)

musician - msico

servant - servo

foreigner - estrangeironeighbor - vizinho(a)

speaker - orador(a)

cook - cozinheiro(a)

friend - amigo(a)

student - estudante

criminal - criminoso(a)

guest - convidado(a), hspede

writer - escritor(a) T F 1 - 2

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doctor - doutor(a)

teacher - professor(a)

SUFFIX OUS (TRAnSFORMA SUBSTAnTIVO EM ADJETIVO.)

Danger (perigo) - dangerous (perigoso)

Courage (coragem) - courageous (corajoso)

Fame (fama) - famous (famoso)

Humor (humor) - humorous (humoroso)

Malice (malcia) - malicious (malicioso)

PALAVRAS qUE POSSUEM LETRAS n O PROnUnCIADAS (MUDAS) = SILEnT LETTERSais le (s) = corredorbomb (b) = bombaof ten (t) = freqentementeclimb (b) = escalarlisten (t) = escutarcast le (t) = castelocalm (l) = calmocomb (b) = pentehalf (l) = meiothumb (b) = polegardumb (b) = mudocalf (f) = bezerrotomb (b) = tmulowalk (l) = andarknife (k) = facaKnight (k) cavaleiroKnee (k) = joelhoKnow (k) = saber (verbo)Know-how (k) = experinciaKnowledge (k) = conhecimentoKnit (k) = tricotar

Knob (k) = maaneta, calombo

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Fsica MDULO 1

INGLS

Ingls

UFMG 2009

INSTRUCTIONS: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the state-ment in each question.

TEXT 1 Questions from 01 to 04

Promoti g a Global Dialogue o Water

05

10

15

20

Water scarcity has been surfacing more and more as a seriousglobal issue in recent years. That scarcity has caused signi cantbusiness disruptions across all sectors and geographies, and withall the associated technical, economic, political, environmentaland social implications. This reality is projected to worsen in thefuture, as a result of climate change and demographics.The UN Human Development Report 2006 stresses thiscritical issue: Better access to water and sanitation would act asthe catalyst for a giant advance in human development, creatingopportunities for gains in public health, education and economicgrowth. Experience from the climate change debate has shownthat translating awareness to speci c action takes many years.There is a major challenge in catalysing effective action ona global level. Governments play an important role in helping tomitigate and adapt to the challenge, but so does the private sector,

through individual company actions and through innovativepublic-private partnerships.Such partnerships can offer a useful solution. Since late 2005,the Forums Water Initiative has focused on creating networksin South Africa and India. The objective has been to catalyzeideas for public-private water infrastructure projects and shapethem into well-developed, bankable project propositions, andnancing plans.

http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/water/GlobalDialogue/index.htm Access: july, 2008. (Adapted)

questio 01According to the text, we CANNOTsay that water scarcity, worldwide,

A) has affected businesses.B) has been debated lately.C) has improved the climate.D) has had social implications.

questio 02The word does (line 15) can be best interpreted as

A) catalyzes effective action.B) challenges the adaptation.C) innovates partnerships.D) plays an important role.

CAPTULO 5 - TEXT COMPREHENSION


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questio 03The organization of this text is in the form of

A) arguments for and against.B) hyphotesis and proof.C) problem and solution.D) sequence of descriptions.

questio 04We can say that the text argues in favor of

A) adaptation.B) nancing.C) opportunities.D) partnerships.

TEXT 2 Questions from 05 to 08

05

10

15

20

25

30

SALT

What substance is essential to life but can damage your healthif taken in excess? What has been used as money and has beenthe cause of bitter warfare? What is so important to our culturethat references to it abound in every language around the globe?Nothing less than salt - that white granular seasoning found onvirtually every dining table.Although current nutritional advice warns against consumingtoo much salt, without it we would die. In addition, salt is one

of the most effective and widely used food preservatives and itsindustrial uses are innumerable. Indeed, salt is vitally important toagriculture, snow and ice control, water conditioning, the chemicalindustry, metals production - to name just a few!Salt has a fascinating history and references to it are commonsince writing began. Some 2,700 years BC the Peng-Tzao-Kan-Muwas published in China. This is probably the earliest known treatiseon pharmacology. A major portion of this writing is devoted toa discussion of more than 40 kinds of salt. The treatise includesdescriptions of two methods of extracting salt and adapting it to ausable form. The ancient Chinese methods for obtaining salt areamazingly similar to processes still in use today.Salt has also been of crucial economic importance. In someparts of the world, salt was minted into coins and deemed to be asvaluable as gold. The ancient Greeks traded salt for slaves, givingrise to the phrase not worth his salt to describe someone whois lazy or does not work hard. The beautiful Italian city of Venicewas built on revenue from the salt trade. Roman soldiers werepartially paid in the mineral known as salarium argentum, outof which comes the common English word salary. Referencesto salt abound in languages around the globe, especially where

salt is important to food. From the Latin sal, for example, comesuch words for preserved foods as sauce and sausage.

Costin, Helen. Modern English Digest, 2005. v. 3, p. 8-11. (Adapted) T F 1 - 2

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