1) Actually no atualmente; atualmente nowadays. Actually realmente, na verdade.

Ex.: * Actually, you owe me more than this.

Na verdade, voc me deve mais do que isto.

* We used to drive our car a lot, but nowadays petrol is too expensive.

Ns costumvamos dirigir bastante nosso carro, mas atualmente a gasolina est muito cara.

2) Available no avaliado; avaliado appraised. Available disponvel.

Ex.:

* There is water available at the hut.

H gua disponvel na cabana.

* The house was appraised carefully before being sold.

A casa foi avaliada cuidadosamente antes de ser vendida.

3) Arrest no arrastar; arrastar drag. Arrest prender.

Ex.:

* Two policemen arrested the thief.

Dois policiais prenderam o ladro.

* Peter was so drunk that his friends had to drag him out of the bar.

Pedro estava to bbado que seus amigos tiveram de arrast-lo para fora do bar.

4) Bond no bonde; bonde streetcar, tram. Bond elo, lao, convnio, aliana.

Ex.:

* The government obtained money for the war by means of bonds.

O governo obteve dinheiro para a guerra por meio de convncios.

* Trams were substituted for buses.

Os bondes foram substitudos por nibus.

5) Collar no colar; colar necklace. Collar gola, colarinho e coleira.

Ex.:

* The wind was so cold that he turned his coat collar up.

O vento estava to frio que ele levantou a gola do seu casaco.

* I gave my daughter a pearl necklace on her birthday.

Eu dei um colar de prolas para minha filha no seu aniversrio.

6) College no colgio; colgio high school. College faculdade.

Ex. :

* There are many colleges at Oxford.

H muitas faculdades em Oxford.

* I have taught English at Marista High School since 1975.

Eu ensino Ingls no colgio Marista desde 1975.

7) Commodity no comodidade; comodidade comfort. Commodity artigo, mercadoria, bem de consumo.

Ex.:

* Prices of household commodities have risen lately.

Os preos dos artigos domsticos subiram recentemente.

* The bedroom they gave her had no comfort at all.

O quarto que lhe deram no tinha nenhuma comodidade.

8) Convict no convicto, convencido; convicto convinced, sure. Convict ru, condenado, presidirio.

Ex.:

* The convicts were threatening to kill the hostages.

Os presidirios estavam ameaando matar os refns.

* Im sure of his innocence.

Eu estou convicta da sua inocncia.

9) Data no data; data date. Data dados, informaes (singular = datum).

Ex.:

* The data are processed by a computer.

Os dados so processados por um computador.

* His birthday date is on February, 21st.

A data do seu aniversrio em 21 de fevereiro.

10) To enroll no enrolar (um pacote); enrolar (um pacote) wrap. To enroll matricular-se.

Ex.:

* My niece enrolled in a Spanish course.

Minha sobrinha matriculou-se em um curso de Espanhol.

* You can wrap the gift in colorful paper.

Voc pode enrolar presente em papel colorido.

11) Estate no estado; estado state. Estate patrimnio, bens.

Ex.:

* When Mr. Smith died, he left a large estate.

Quando o Sr. Smith morreu, ele deixou um grande patrimnio.

* How many inhabitants are there in the state of So Paulo?

Quantos habitantes h no estado de So Paulo?

12) Exit no xito; xito success. Exit sada.

Ex.:

* Incredible! The fire exit was locked.

Inacreditvel! A sada de incndio estava trancada.

* They tried several times, but they didnt get success.

Eles tentaram diversas vezes, mas no obtiveram sucesso.

13) Expert no esperto; esperto smart. Expert especialista, perito.

Ex.:

* You dont have to be an expert to operate this machine.

Voc no precisa ser um especialista para operar esta mquina.

*My nephew is a very nice boy.

Meu sobrinho um rapaz muito esperto.

14) Exquisite no esquisito; esquisito odd, strange. Exquisite aprimorado, sofisticado, fino.

Ex.:

* He has an exquisite style.

Ele tem um estilo aprimorado.

* The woman was very odd wearing an old-fashioned hat.

A mulher estava muito esquisita usando um chapu fora de moda.

15) Fabric no fbrica; fbrica factory. Fabric tecido.

Ex.:

* He showed us different sorts of fabric.

Ele nos mostrou tipos diferentes de tecidos.

* That factory produces screws.

Aquela fbrica produz farafusos.

16) Ingenious no ingnuo; ingnuo naive. Ingenious criativo, inventivo, engenhoso, habilidoso.

Ex:

* The ingenious boy made a toy car from an old wooden box.

O rapaz engenhoso fez um carro de brinquedo de uma velha caixa de madeira.

* He was so naive that he believed everything people told him.

Ele era to ingnuo que ele acreditava em tudo o que as pessoas lhe diziam.

17) Intend no entender; entender understand. Intend pretender, ter a inteno de.Ex.:

*What does he intend to do after graduating?

O que ele pretende fazer depois de se formar?

* Although I dont agree with you, I can understand your reasons.

Embora eu no concorde com voc, eu posso entender suas razes.

18) Large no largo; largo wide. Large grande.

Ex.:

*A man with a large family needs a large house.

Um homem com uma famlia grande precisa de uma casa grande.

* What a wide avenue!

Que avenida larga!

19) Lecture no leitura; leitura reading. Lecture palestra, conferncia.

Ex.:

* Did you enjoy Professor Browns lecture on the British monarchy?

Voc gostou da conferncia do Professor Brown sobre a monarquia britnica?

* The reading of a good book can be invigorating.

A leitura de um bom livro pode ser revigorante.

20) Library no livraria; livraria bookstore. Library biblioteca.Ex.:

* This book must be returned to the school library by tomorrow.

Este livro deve ser devolvido biblioteca da escola at amanh.

* The new bookstore near my course is selling second-hand books.

A nova livraria perto do meu curso est vendendo livros de segunda-mo.

21) Lunch no lanche; lanche snack. Lunch almoo.

Ex.:

* I go to the bank at lunch time its the only available time I have.

Eu vou ao banco na hora do almoo o nico tempo disponvel que eu tenho.

* The fat man likes to have a snack between meals.

O homem gordo gosta de fazer um lanche entre as refeies.

22) Notice no notcia; notcia news. Notice aviso, comunicao.

Ex.:

* When he read the notice, his face went white.

Quando ele leu o aviso, seu rosto empalideceu.

* The news is not good at all.

As notcias no so nada boas.

23) Novel no novela; novela soap-opera. Novel romance.

Ex.:

* I am reading a novel by Jorge amado at the moment.

Eu estou lendo um romance de Jorge Amado no momento.

* She watches soap-operas every night.

Ela assiste novelas todas as noites.

24) Parents no parentes; parentes relatives. Parents pais.

Ex.:

* She is not living with her parents anymore.

Ela no est mais morando com os seus pais.

* Ive got some relatives in Bahia.

Eu tenho alguns parentes na Bahia.

25) Policy no polcia; polcia police. Policy poltica (linha de ao, estratgia) e politics poltica (partidria).

Ex.:

* What we need is a strong foreign policy, the candidate said.

O que ns precisamos de uma poltica externa forte, disse o candidato.

* Call the police right away!

Chame a polcia imediatamente!

* Some people just love to talk about politics.

Algumas pessoas simplesmente adoram falar sobre poltica.

26) Prejudice no prejuzo; prejuzo loss. Prejudice preconceito.

Ex.:

*Racial prejudice is condemned by law.

O preconceito racial condenado por lei.

* The company had a massive loss last year.

A companhia teve um prejuzo enorme no ano passado.

27) Pretend no pretender, pretender intend. Pretend fingir.

Ex.:

* Dont pretend youre not listening to me!

No finja que voc no est me escutando!

* What do you intend to do when you leave school?

O que voc pretende fazer quando sair da escola?

28) Push no puxar; puxar pull. Push empurrar, pressionar.

Ex.:

* Dont push, pull!

No empurre, puxe!

29) Ordinary no ordinrio; ordinrio disgusting. Ordinary comum, normal.

Ex.:

* Tomorrow isnt a holiday; just an ordinary workday.

Amanh no feriado; apenas um dia de trabalho normal.

* What a disgusting fellow!

Que sujeito ordinrio!

30) Resume no resumir; resumir summarize. Resume recomear, retomar.

Ex.:

*After a few hours interruption, the work was resumed.

Depois de uma interrupo de algumas horas, o trabalho foi retomado.

* The teacher asked us to summarize the text.

A professora nos pediu que resumssemos o texto.

A) Indique a palavra que completa a orao:1) I dont like the ______________ of your dress.

( ) necklace ( ) collar

2) The teachers asked the students to read a ____________ by Machado de Assis.

( ) novel ( ) soap opera

3) As we are not very hungry, lets have just a ____________.

( ) lunch ( ) snack 4) Sidney was a colony for British ____________ till 1482, when it became a city.

( ) convict ( ) sure 5) Martin Luther King fought against racial ___________.

( ) loss ( ) prejudice 6) Denim is a ________________ used for making jeans.

( ) factory ( ) fabric 7) There was an enormous demonstration against the governments economic ___________ .

( ) police ( ) policy 8) We borrowed that old magazine from the public ____________.

( ) library ( ) bookstore 9) The main exit was only three feet ____________.

( ) large ( ) wide 10) The _____________ said: Private farm. Keep out!

( ) news ( ) notice 11) Aunt Jennie left me all her property when she died because I was the only ____________ she had.

( ) parent ( ) relative 12) Nothing can be worse than the ____________ of health.

( ) loss ( ) prejudice 13) The robber was ____________ when he was running away from the bank.

( ) arrested ( ) dragged 14) The boyfriend didnt ____________ to hurt his girlfriends feelings.

( ) pretend ( ) intend 15) After a short rest, he felt ready to ____________ his work.

( ) resume ( ) summarize

16) Im going to buy an ____________in the North.

( ) state ( ) estate 17) We are very proud of our daughters ____________in their studies.

( ) exit ( ) success 18) ____________ are popular TV serials watched by thousands of people.

( ) novels ( ) soap operas 19) There is nothing special about that car. It is quite ____________.

( ) ordinary ( ) disgusting 20) Professor Spillane will give a ____________ on Maya architecture.

( ) lecture ( ) reading 21) Hes a former ____________. He spent ten years in jail.

( ) sure ( ) convict22) May 13, 1888 is the ____________ of the signing of the abolition of slavery in Brazil.

( ) data ( ) date23) ____________ believe inflation will fall.

( ) smart ( ) experts24) People think he is very wealthy, but ____________ he is too poor.

( ) actually ( ) nowadays25) Im sorry, sir, those shoes are not ____________ in your size.

( ) available ( ) appraisedOs conectivos, mais frequentemente usados, so:INTRODUOINTRODUCTION

Em primeiro lugar, ... / Antes de tudo, ... / Para comear, ... / Para incio de conversa, ...First of all, ... / In the first place, ... / To begin with, ...

REFERNCIAREFERENCE

Com relao a ... / No que diz respeito a ... / No que tange a ...Regarding ... / With regard to ... / Concerning ... / Considering ...

INTRODUO OPORTUNA DE NOVO ASSUNTOCHANGE OF SUBJECT

A propsito, / Por falar nisso, By the way, / Speaking of that, / Incidentally

COMENTRIO DE REFOROREINFORCEMENT COMMENT

Por sinal, ... / Alis, ... / Inclusive ...As a matter of fact ... / In fact ...

Pelo contrrio, / Na verdade, On the contrary / Actually

CONFORMIDADEAGREEMENT

De acordo com ... / Conforme ... / Segundo ...According to ... / In accordance with ...

NFASEEMPHASIS

Principalmente ... / Sobretudo ... / Especialmente ... / Ainda mais ...Especially ... / Mainly ... / In particular ... / More important ...

CAUSA E MOTIVOCAUSE

Porque ... / Por causa de / Uma vez que / J que / Visto que ... / Pois Because / Since

Em funo de / Em razo de ... / Por motivos de ... / Em virtude de ... / Devido a As a result of ... / Due to

DECORRNCIARESULT, CONSEQUENCE

Levando isto em considerao, / Por este motivo, ... / Por esta razo, / Por isso With this in mind, / For this reason / That's why

Desta forma, ... / Assim sendo (sendo assim), ... / Nesse sentido, ...This way ... / In doing so ...

De maneira (forma) (modo) que / Como consequncia, ...So that / As a result,

Diante do exposto, / Frente a ...In face of / In view of

CONCLUSO LGICAINFERENCE, CONCLUSION

Portanto, / Ento ...Therefore, / So,

PROPSITOPURPOSE

Com o objetivo de ... / A fim de ... / Para que ... / Para ...In order to ... / In order that / So that ... / In an effort to ...

DEMARCADORES DE PERODOS ENTRE O PRESENTE E O FUTUROPROJECTING THE PRESENT INTO THE FUTURE

A partir de agora ... / De agora em diante ... / Daqui para a frente ...From now on ... / Henceforth ...

DEMARCADORES DE PERODOS PASSADOSSCANNING THE PAST INTO THE PRESENT

At agora ... / At hoje ... / At o momento ...So far ... / Up till now ...

Ainda ...Still ... / ... not ... yet.

INDICADORES DE PERODOS PRESENTESINDICATING PERIODS IN THE PRESENT

Por enquanto ...For the time being ... / ... for some time.

SIMULTANEIDADESIMULTANEITY

Nesse meio tempo, ... / Enquanto isso, ...In the meantime, ... / Meanwhile, ...

Enquanto (durante o tempo em que) ...While (during the time) ...

INDICADORES DE CIRCUNSTANCIALIDADEDEFINING CIRCUMSTANCES

Em meio a ...In the midst of ...

GENERALIZAO E REGULARIDADEGENERALIZING

Em geral, In general,

Via de regra, As a rule,

EVENTOS COINCIDENTESCOINCIDENTAL EVENTS

Sempre que Whenever

PROPORCIONALIDADE EM RELAO AO TEMPOTIME RELATIONSHIP

medida que (o tempo passa,) / Com o passar (decorrer) do tempo, As (time goes by,)

INDICADORES DE DESTINATRIOADDRESSING

A quem interessar possa / Para sua informao, ...To whom it may concern / For your information, ...

ENFRAQUECEDORESWEAKENERS

Que eu saiba, / Pelo que eu sei, / Pelo que me consta, As far as I know, / As far as I can tell, / To my knowledge / To the best of my knowledge,

Se no me engano, / Se eu no estiver enganado / Se no me falha a memria, If I'm not wrong, / If I remember well

Na minha opinio, In my opinion, / In my view

EXCLUSOEXCLUSION

No que se refere a mim, / No que depender de mim, / Quanto a mim, / De minha parte, As far as I'm concerned, / As for me,

POSICIONAMENTOPOSITION DEFINERS

Do ponto de vista de / Do (sob) meu ponto de vista / Partindo do pressuposto (de) que From the standpoint of / From my standpoint / From my point of view / Based on the assumption that

CERTEZAASSURANCE

Sem dvida / Certamente / Com certeza / Evidentemente Of course / For sure / Definitely / Certainly / Without a doubt

EQUIVALNCIA, PARALELISMOEQUIVALENCE, PARALLEL IDEAS

Da mesma forma que / Assim como / Tal como In the same way that / By the same token / Likewise

CONDIOCONDITION

Se / Desde que / Enquanto / Contanto que If / As long as / On condition that / Provided (that)

CONTRASTECONTRAST

Enquanto que / Ao passo que / J While / Whereas / By contrast

Mas / Entretanto, / No entanto, / Todavia, / Porm, / Contudo, But / However, / , though.

Mesmo assim, / Ainda assim, Even so / Nevertheless, / Nonetheless, / Still,

Apesar de (disso) / No obstante In spite of / Despite / Notwithstanding

Embora / Ainda que / E isso que Although / Even though

Mesmo que Even if

(Por um lado, ...) Por outro lado, / Em compensao, (On (the) one hand, ...) On the other hand, / Conversely

Ao contrrio de Unlike

REITERANDO, DETALHANDOREITERATING, GIVING DETAILS

Em outras palavras, / O que eu quero dizer / Quer dizer, / Ou seja, In other words, / What I'm trying to say / I mean / That is, / i.e.,

EXEMPLIFICANDOPROVIDING EXAMPLE

Por exemplo, For example, / For instance,

tais como such as

SINALIZAO DE LINGUAGEM METAFRICAINDICATING METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE

por assim dizer / como que so to speak / if you will / if you like / like

ALTERNNCIAALTERNATION

Por sua vez, / Por seu turno In his/her/its turn,

LIMITAO DE APLICABILIDADEAPPLICABILITY LIMITATION

Em ltimo caso, As a last resort,

Na pior das hipteses, / Se acontecer o pior, If worse comes to worst (If worst comes to worst) / At worst / In a worst-case scenario

Na melhor das hipteses, At best

Pelo (ao) menos / No mnimo / Nem que seja (para) At (the) least / If nothing else / To say the least

Para no dizer / Isso se no for If not

ACRSCIMOADDITION

No apenas , mas (tambm) / No s como (tambm) / Tanto como Not only , but (also)

Alm disso, / Ainda por cima, / Alm do mais / Afora (isso), Besides (that), / In addition to (that), / On top of that, / Moreover / Apart from (that), / Aside from (that),

EXCEOEXCEPTION

A no ser por (isso), / Com exceo de / Afora (isso) / seno Apart from (that), / Otherwise / Other than that, / Except for / Aside from (that),

A no ser que / A menos que Unless

SUBSTITUIOSUBSTITUTION

Em vez de / Em lugar de / Ao invs de Instead of / In place of

De preferncia Rather (than)

CONSEQUNCIA DA NO-OCORRNCIA DE UMA CONDIOCONSEQUENCE OF NONFULFILLMENT

Seno / Caso contrrio, / Do contrrio, / Sob pena de Otherwise / Or else / If not

DESCONSIDERANDODISMISSAL

De qualquer modo (forma) (maneira), / Seja como for, / Seja qual for o motivo, Anyway, / In any case, / Whatever the case may be,

RELEMBRANAREMINDER

Afinal / Afinal de contas, After all

FINALIZAO, RESUMOCLOSURE, SUMMARY

Finalmente, / Por fim, Finally, / At last,

Levando tudo isso em considerao, / Em resumo, All in all, / All things considered, / In summary,

Abaixo segue uma lista mais abrangente de palavras e locues conectivas s do ingls, agrupadas por tipo de ligao que estabelecem. Esta lista facilita a localizao rpida do conectivo que se procura, sendo til especialmente para alunos avanados que possuem boa familiaridade com o ingls escrito:

INTRODUCTION AND REFERENCEon the other handregardingspeaking ofto begin withto start withwith regard to

as referred to(at) firstby the waychanging the subjectconcerningconsideringfirst of allin reference toin the first placeinitially

AGREEMENTin accordance within agreementin conformity

according toas per

COMPARISONin comparison (with)in the same waysimilarly

comparinglikewise

CONTRASTconsidering thatconverselydespiteeven soeven thoughfor all thatfor (my, his, ...) partgiven thathoweverin contrastin (the) face ofin (the) light ofin spite of (that)meanwhileneverthelessnonethelessnotwithstandingon the other handstillthen againthoughunlikewhereaswhileyet

after (all)alternativelyalthoughas opposed toat the same timebutby contrastby the same token

EMPHASISeven morein any eventindeedin particularleast of alllet alonemainlymore important(ly)most important(ly)most of allnaturallyparticularlypositivelyprimarilyprincipallyspecificallythe basic causethe chief factorthe key pointunquestionablyvaluable to notewithout a doubt

above alla key featurea major concerndefinitelyespecially (not)especially significant

ADDITIONboth ... andeither ... orequally importantfurtherfurthermorein addition (to)indeedjointlylast but not leastlikewisemoreoverneither ... nornextnot only ... but alsonot to mentionnot to speak ofon top of thatorplussimilarlytogether withwhat's more

againalsoand (then)as well asat the same timebesides

ADDING A REMARKin facton the contrarythe truth is

as a matter of factincidentally

EXPLANATION OF CAUSEin view ofnow thaton account ofsincethat is because

asas a result ofbecause (of)due toforin order that

RESULTfor this reasonfor which reasonhencein shortso much (so) thatso thatsuch ... thatthat is whythentherebythereforethus

accordinglyas a consequenceas a resultconsequently

PURPOSEin return forso as toso thattoto the purpose ofto this endwith this in mindwith this purpose

in an effort toin order thatin order to

TIME RELATIONSHIPnownowadayspresentlyshortly (after)simultaneouslysinceso farsoontemporarilythenthereafterthroughoutthereuponuntilup until nowwhileyet at the same time

after a whileafterward(s)as time goes byat lastat presentat this pointcurrentlyfrom now onhenceforthimmediatelyin the meantimelatelylatermeanwhile

ORDERINGsecondsecondlythirdfollowingnextthenlaterafter thatlastfinally

firstfirstlyfirst of allin the first place

CIRCUMSTANCESin my opinionin terms ofin the midst ofon the part of

as a last resortas a rulefrom the standpoint of

ADDRESSING INFORMATION

for your informationto whom it may concern

ESTABLISHING A LIMITas far as I'm concernedas far as I understandas well as I knowfor the time beingso far

as far as I can rememberas far as I can tellas far as I know

CONDITIONif notin case ofin case (that)in the event ofin the event (that)on condition thatonly ifor (else)otherwiseprovided (that)providing (that)whether or not

as long aseven ifif

DISMISSAL

anywayat any ratein any casewhatever the case may be

EXCEPTION / EXCLUSION

apart from (that)aside fromexcept fornot ... yetother than thatunless

EXAMPLEincludingin particularin this casein this mannernamelysuch astake the case ofthat isthe following exampleto illustrate

for examplefor instancein another case

SUBSTITUTION / PREFERENCE

in place ofinstead ofrather (than)in exchange for

REITERATION / REFORMULATION

as I have saidI meanin other wordsmore simplyor ratherthat isto put it another way

CONCLUSIONsotherefore

for this reason

GENERALIZINGby and largeessentiallyfor the most partgenerallygenerally speakingin generalon the wholeoverall

all in allas a rulebasically

INTERMEDIATINGin doing sothis waythrough (which)

byby means of

CONCESSIONat the same timegranted thatI admitit may appear thatnaturallyof course

after allalthough it is true thatalthough this may be true

EVIDENCEindeedit's no wondernaturallyneedless to sayobviouslyof coursewithout questionwithout a doubt

as you (anyone) can seecertainlyevidently

CONCLUSION / SUMMARYin shortin summarylast(ly)on the wholeoverallthereforeto concludeto summarizeto sum up

after allall in allall things consideredas we have seenat lastfinallyin briefin conclusion