1- Sociologia 18-11-15 Corregido (2)

8/18/2019 1- Sociologia 18-11-15 Corregido (2)

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INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGÍA DE ADMINISTRACIÓNINDUSTRIAL

CARRERA: ADMINISTRACIÓN DE PERSONAL

SECCIÓN: 151-B3

UNIDAD CURRICULAR: SOCIOLOGÍA DEL TRABAJO

PROFESOR: LUIS ANGULO

INTEGRANTES:

Agila O!i" C#I: $3#%1%#&53

Ga'(a Ma)*+l C#I: $5#,%1#,&

Ga'ia./l0i"a C#I: $,#13#,,

P+2'0 R+a2a C#I: 1&3%#$&

S04/0a G20"i" C#I: $1#61#3

7a89a2+ Ci"ia2 C#I: $$#6%#5&

Caa'a"; N+!i0890 $,15

1

SOCIOLO


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ÍNDICE

P2 3- S+'i0=a=0" Si8?l0" 6- S+'i0=a=0" A!a2@a=a" - S+'i0=a=0" 02 ?+'0"+ =0 I2=/"iali@a'i>2 11- R0!+l/'i>2 I2=/"ial $,- Ca/"a" =0 la R0!+l/'i>2 I2=/"ial $5- C+2"0'/02'ia" =0 la R0!+l/'i>2 I2=/"ial $%- C+2'l/"i>2

- F/020" '+2"/la=a"

$

$&

INTRODUCCIÓN

2


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+=a" la" ?+'a" '+2 "ig2ii'a=+ ) /2=a802a'i>2 =i0020: 02 R+8a "0

/ili@a9a ?aa =0i2i /2 g/?+ '+2"i/i=+ ?+ =0'i"i>2 !+l/2aia '+2 i2ali=a=

'+8?ai=a# El il>"++ gi0g+ Ai">0l0" '+2"i=0> a la "+'i0=a= '+8++ga2i"8+ !i!+; '+2'0?'i>2 4/0 0l 0>l+g+ ialia2+ T+8 '+8+ +ali=a= +g2 ?+=08+" a2ali@a '+8+ 0l +890 a i=+

9/"'a2=+ la 8a20a =0 a'ilia 0l ?+'0"+ =0 0!+l/'i>2 =0 la"

"+'i0=a=0"# Ca90 =0'i; 4/0 al 8i"8+ i08?+ 4/0 0l +890 0!+l/'i+2a;

a/802a2 "/" 20'0"i=a=0" ) "/ a89i'i>2 =0 80+a "/ 2i!0l =0 !i=a# D0

la 8a2/a'/a a0"a2al; "02'illa; =iigi=a a /2 ?9li'+ 8i2+iai+; ?a"a a la

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"ai"a'0 la" 20'0"i=a=0" =0 /2 80'a=+ 82 "0 8i=0 02 ga2 ?a0 ?+

"/ a!a2'0 i2=/"ial# El +90i!+ =0 0"0 a9a+ ?002=0 8+"a 4/0

02 V020@/0la; 0l =0"a+ll+ i2=/"ial 0"< 02 /2 ?+'0"+ i2i'ial =0

=0"a+ll+#

Ta89i2 "0 ?0"02a; a4/0lla" "+'i0=a=0" 4/0 ?+ "/" 'aa'0("i'a";

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02'+2a; a"( '+8+ la" 4/0 "/?0a+2 0"a 0a?a ) 02 l+" a'/al0"

8+802+" a2 al'a2@a=+ "/ 8


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U2a "+'i0=a= 0" /2 "i"08a + '+2/2+ =0 0la'i+20" 4/0 "0

0"a9l0'02 020 l+" i2=i!i=/+" ) g/?+" '+2 la i2ali=a= =0 '+2"i/i 'i0+

i?+ =0 '+l0'i!i=a=; 0"/'/a=a 02 'a8?+" =0i2i=+" =0 a'/a'i>2 02 l+"

4/0 "0 0g/la2 l+" ?+'0"+" =0 ?00202'ia; a=a?a'i>2; ?ai'i?a'i>2;'+8?+a8i02+; a/+i=a=; 9/+'a'ia; '+2li'+ ) ++"#

E2 +=a" la" "+'i0=a=0" /8a2a" l+" i2=i!i=/+" 0"i'+; )a 4/0 la

i"+ia ?+!00 la" a('0" 4/0 ?+"i9ilia2 0l ?0"020 "+'ial# Al 00i2+" al

?a"a=+ i">i'+; =0'i8+" a89i2 '+8/2i=a= =0 =0"i2+; "i2 089ag+

'/a2=+ 8ia8+" la" 'la"0" "+'ial0"; ?+=08+" +9"0!a 4/0 alg/2a" "ii0202 /2a 0?0"i>2 '/l/al; l+ '/al "+2 !


5/28

Ca=a "+'i0=a= + '+8/2i=a= /8a2a 0"a +9!ia8020 '+2"i/i=a ?+

i2=i!i=/+" ) g/?+" "+'ial0"# E"a" "+'i0=a=0" "0 =0=i'a9a2 a /2a

agi'/l/a ?i8ii!a ) 'a89ia9a "/ i0a =0 '/li!+ 'a=a =+" a+"# E"a""+'i0=a=0" 0202a9a2 0l ?0?0/+ ?+9l08a =0 'a89ia "/" i0a" ) "/

0?a2"i+2i"8+ l+" +9liga9a a /2 ?08a2020 0"a=+ =0 g/0a '+2 ++"

g/?+"# E2 la" "+'i0=a=0" +('+la" 0l 8+=+ /2=a802al =0 0"a"

"+'i0=a=0" ?aa la ?+=/''i>2 0a 0l "i8?l0 ?al+ =0 'a!a+ la a@a=a a 8a2+#

E2 V020@/0la "0 =02+8i2a+2 ?+ +l0a=a" la ?i80a +l0a=a 0"/!+

i20ga=a ?+ ?04/0a" +=a" + ag/?a'i+20" "i2 00 =008i2a=+; =0

'a@a=+0" ) 0'+l0'+0" =0 a('0" ) /a"; 4/0 "0 8+!ili@a9a2 =0 /2 l/ga a

++ 02 9"4/0=a =0 ali802+# P+ 0"a a@>2 2+ '+2"/(a2 !i!i02=a"

0"a9l0" ) ">l+ =0a+2 alg/2+" a"+" '+8+ i2"/802+ =0 /0"+" )

?i0=a"; 0"a "+'i0=a= "0 'aa'0i@a ?+ "0 la" ?i80a" "+'i0=a=0"

/8a2a"#

L+" i2!0"iga=+0" la" lla8a9a2 9a2=a" / +=a" a 0"a" ?i80a"

ag/?a'i+20" /8a2a"; la" '/al0" '+8?a(a2 0l 0"?a'i+ =+2=0 !i!(a2 )

+=a" la" a'i!i=a=0" =0 "/9"i"02'ia# E" ?+"i9l0 4/0 0"+" "/9-g/?+"

a)a2 "i=+ ?+'+" 0=/'i=+" 020 a 15 8i089+"; 0"a" "+'i0=a=0"

+902(a2 0l ali802+ a a!" =0 la 'a@a; 'a@a9a2 ga2=0" 8a8(0+" ?aa

?+=/'i "/ ali802+; a89i2 /"a9a2 la 0'+l0''i>2 ?aa "/ "/9"i"02'ia;

0'+l0'a9a2 a('0"; +a" ) /+"#

Ca90 802'i+2a 4/0 0"a "+'i0=a= 2+ ?+=/'(a ?+ "( 8i"8+ "/"

ali802+"; )a 4/0 0"0 g/?+ 2+ '+2+'(a2 +=+" l+" 8+=+" =0 la agi'/l/a

+ ga2a=0(a# P+ 0"+ "0 =i'0 4/0 0"a "+'i0=a= "+"02(a /2a 0'+2+8(a

=0?0=a=+a; )a 4/0 02 0"0 i08?+ l+" 0'/"+" 0a2 8/) li8ia=+" ?+ l+

4/0 la ?+9la'i>2 2+ ll0ga9a a '0'0 ?+ la ga2 ala =0 ali802+ ) =0 ++"

a'+0"#

5


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La "0g/2=a ) 0'0a +l0a=a 0a '+8?/0"a ?+ 'a@a=+0" ?0"'a=+0" )

0'+l0'+0" =0 '+2'a" 8ai2a"# E"+" "0 /9i'a+2 02 ?04/0a" al=0a" '+2

?alai+"; l+'ali@a=a" 02 0l Lag+ =0 Maa'ai9+ ?+ +a" 0gi+20" =0l ?a("; =0

0"+" g/?+" =0 i2=(g02a"; "0 02'+2a+2 2/80+"+" a"+" a4/0+l>gi'+";'+8+ '+2'a" 8ai2a"; i2"/802+" =0 /0"+" ) 0"?i2a"; a"( '+8+ +90+"

=0 ?i0=a" la" '/al0" "0 '+8?02=(a2 ?+ !aia" 0a?a"; 02 =+2=0 "0 ?+=(a

'la"ii'a '+8+:

• 1º Etapa Pre Agrícola: E"a" '/l/a" 2+ '+2+'(a2 la agi'/l/a; 0a2

'+8/2i=a=0" 4/0 02(a2 '+8+ a'i!i=a=0" ?i2'i?al0": la 'a@a; la?0"'a ) la 0'+l0''i>2 =0 /+" "il!0"0"# A'i!i=a=0" 4/0 +'/?a9a2

+=+ "/ i08?+; 0"+" ?/09l+" 2+ 02(a2 'a8i2+" ?aa '+8/2i'a"0;

?aa 0ll+ "0g/(a2 0l '/"+ =0 l+" (+"#

• 2º Etapa Agrícola Meda: 0"+" g/?+" '+89i2a+2 la 'a@a la ?0"'a )

la 0'+l0''i>2 =0 /+" '+2 alg/2+" '/li!+"; '+8+ la )/'a ) 0l 8a(@;

a9(a2 08?0@a=+ a /ili@a la agi'/l/a; a'i02=+ /"+ =0 '2i'a"

'+8+ la 4/08a ) la ala# C/a2=+ '+802@a+2 a =0"a+lla 0"a"a'i!i=a=0" /0+2 a'i2=+"0 "0=02ai+" ) '+2"/)0+2 !i!i02=a"

'+8+ '+@a"; 4/0 0a2 lla8a=+" 9+(+" ) 'a20)0" 9+(+" =0 ga2

a8a+H#

La" "+'i0=a=0" +('+la" a!a2@a=a" 02 la "+'i0=a= "0 a =0"a+lla=+

/2 ?+'+ 82 =0 l+" 'a?ia20" ) 02

l+ ig/+"+ ?a'i'a9a2 0l 'a8a2i"8+ '+2 '008+2ia" +8i'a" E"a"

"+'i0=a=0" =i"?+2(a2 =0 8/) a9/2=a20" 0'/"+"; /"a9a2 0a8i02a" =0

80al ?aa a'0 !aia" =0 "/" la9+0"#

6


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La '/aa +l0a=a 0"/!+ i20ga=a ?+ '+8/2i=a=0" =0 +ig02 Ci9'a

l+" '/al0" "0 =0"?la@a+2 =0"=0 C+l+89ia a'ia l+" a2=0" !020@+la2+"#

E"a" '+8/2i=a=0" 0?0"02a=a" ?+ l+" Ti8+0" ) C/i'a"; "0 +ga2i@a+2

02 ?04/0a" al=0a" ag('+la"; '+2"i/)02=+ 0l g/?+ 82 02 0a@a"; /"a9a2 "i"08a" =0 'a2al0" =0 i0g+;

0"a24/0"; al8a'020" =0 ?i0=a" ) 9a+ ?aa g/a=a 0'0=020" =0ali802+"; a89i2 0la9+a+2 0i=+" ) '02 'la"0" "+'ial0"; 0"a802+" ) 'a"a" 02 =+2=0?+"002 /2a 0"/'/a "+'ial '+82 ) "0 !a2 =0"a+lla2=+ 02 =i'a"

"+'i0=a=0" i2=0?02=i020" '+8+ ?+ 008?l+ 0l 0"a=+ + /2 8/2i'i?i+#

7

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E2 ?i80 l/ga; ?+=08+" =008i2a l+" 02>802+" "+'ial0" +

'+2'0?+" 4/0 =0i202 /2a "+'i0=a= a!a2@a=a; l+ '/al "+2 "+'i0=a=0"

8+=02a" a2 ?a"a=+ ?+ /2 ?+'0"+ =0 8+=02i@a'i>2H; "+2 "+'i0=a=0"

i2=/"ial0"; "+'i0=a=0" 8a"a '+2 /2 'a?iali"8+ a!a2@a=+ ) l/0g+ la""+'i0=a=0" ?+"i2=/"ial0"#

La 0+(a =0 la 8+=02i@a'i>2 2+" =a i?+" i=0al0"; =i0020" ?a("0" 02

=i0020" ?+'a" '+2 la" 8i"8a" 'aa'0("i'a"# A/+0" '+8+ S80l"0

=i2i8+ =0

"+'i0=a= ?+"i2=/"ial a!a2@a=a; 02 0" "02i=+":

• E2 0l "02i=+ 0'+2>8i'+ ?+=/'i!+; ?/0"+ 4/0 la 'la"0 a9aa=+a

80=ia i02=0 a '+8?ai 8a20a" =0 !i!i ) +'i+ ?a0'i=+"#

• E2 0l "02i=+ '/l/al; a) 4/0 =i"i2g/i 020 0l a"?0'+ ?+"ii!+;

?/0"+ 4/0 "0 a '+2"0g/i=+ /2a 0lai!a /2i!0"ali@a'i>2 =0 la

'/l/a; ?+ l+ 802+" "/ i2"i/'i+2ali@a'i>2# E2 0l "02i=+ 20gai!+; la

'/l/a 8a"a "0 a 2/i=+ =0l 9a+ g/"+; =09i=+ a la ?+=/''i>2 02

8a"a +i02a=a ">l+ a la +902'i>2 =0 9020i'i+" 0'+2>8i'+"#

E2 la" "+'i0=a=0" a!a2@a=a" l+" l/ga0" =0 a9a+ a89i2 a2

"/i=+ /2 ?+'0"+ =0 =/ali@a'i>2; 02 0l "02i=+ =0 4/0 ?+=08+" =i"i2g/i

l/ga0" =0l "0'+ primario ) =0l "0'+ secundario 2+ 02 0l "02i=+ =0

"0'+0" ?+=/'i!+"; "i2+ =0 i?+" =0 ?/0"+ =0 a9a+H#

• El "0'+ ?i8ai+ "+2 a4/0ll+" ?/0"+" =0 a9a+ 0"a9l0; 9i02

?aga=+; '+2 ?+"i9ili=a= =0 a"'02"+#

8

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• El "0'+ "0'/2=ai+ a9a+ 82#

E2 alg/2a" =0 0"a" +ga2i@a'i+20"; =09i=+ a "/ =/ali@a'i>2 0l

2'l0+ =0 la a'i!i=a= 0'+2>8i'a; 4/0=a 02 la ?0i0ia l+ '/al; "+2

802+" 0"a9l0" ) ?+ l+ a2+ =0?02=02 =0 la" ?i80a"; ?+ l+ '/al

"0 ?+=(a2 =0i2i !ai+" i?+" =0 0'+2+8(a la '/al "+2:

• Eco$o'ía p()lca: E" la 0'+2+8(a 2+ +?0a(a 02 9a"0 a l+"

9020i'i+"; "i2+ a 20'0"i=a=0" =0 l+" ?+?i+" E"a=+" =0l Bi020"a ;0"a 0'+2+8(a ?9li'a 0"a(a '+8?/0"a ?+ 0l /2'i+2aia=+; '+2 /2

a9a+ 82 =0 9i020" 8a0ial0" 0 i28a0ial0"#• Eco$o'ía delct#a: 4/0 "/?+20 4/0 0" /2 i2'/8?li8i02+ =0

l0gali=a= 2H#

Ta89i2 0"< la +0a ) la =08a2=a =0 a9a+ /2a" +8a2 0l 80'a=+

=0 a9a+; '+2 /2a" 'aa'0("i'a" =i0020" al 80'a=+ =0 ?+=/'+"# E2

9

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=+2=0 al 80'a=+ =0 ?+=/'+" 9i020" 8a0ial0" 0 i28a0ial0" ?+=/'i=+"

?+ l+" a9aa=+0"H !a2 a ?aa l+" ?+=/'+" ?aa "/ '+8?a!02a; ) 0l

?a?0l =0l E"a=+ "0 '+2'0a 02 =+" a0a" 0a/"0 =0 l+" i200"0" =0 l+"

a9aa=+0" ) a4/0ll+" =0 l+" 'a?iali"a"; ) ?+ ++ la=+; 0'a/=a i8?/0"+" ?aa a'0 /2'i+2a 0l "0'+ =0 la 0'+2+8(a ?9li'a#

E2 la +8a ?+=/'i!a =0 la" "+'i0=a=0" a!a2@a=a" 0"; 02 g020al:

• El Ta)l+i"8+ "0 'aa'0i@a ?+ "0 /2a 8a20a =0 ?+=/'i =+2=0

4/0 "0 =i!i=02 la" a0a" =0l ?+'0"+ ?+=/'i!+ ) 0l 0202a8i02+ =0

l+" a9aa=+0"#• La ?+=/''i>2 F+=i"a i2'l/)0 la 'a=02a =0 8+2a0; a 802/=+

a89i2 la +9+i@a'i>2; +=+ 0ll+ ?aa la ?+=/''i>2 02 "0i0#

P+li0a2 la" ga2=0" ?la2a" i2=/"ial0"; a?a0'i02=+ a89i2 l+"

"i2=i'a+"; ) '+2li'+" "+'ial0" /00" 020 ?+?i0ai+" )

a9aa=+0"#• La l0i9ili@a'i>2 =0 la 0'+2+8(a "/?+20 /2a l0i9ili@a'i>2 =0l

80'a=+ la9+al# La ?+=/''i>2 l0i9l0 "0 'aa'0i@a ?aa a=a?a"0

al '+2"/8+ 0al; ) ?+ 0l ga2 a/802+ =0 80=i+" '2i'+" 4/0

?08i0 /2a ga2=0 ga8a =0 ?+=/'+" ) ail/gi+"#• S0 0a=a?a2 a9aa=+0" ) 82 =0 la" 08?0"a" 2+

g0+g2 9/"'a2=+ 80+a la 'ali=a= =0 !i=a =0

l+" a9aa=+0"; la 80+a =0 la" '+2=i'i+20" =0 '+2a+; la =0 l+" "alai+";

10

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) =0 la" '+2=i'i+20" =0 a9a+# Paa Da02=+; 0l ?a+ "0(a /2 ?+9l08a

=0 i/lai=a= ) l+ =0i20 '+8+ la ala =0 a''0"+ a /2 =00'+ 4/0 0"

a9aa#

Socedade& e$ Proce&o de I$d"&tral%ac+$

La i2=/"iali@a'i>2 "0 ?/0=0 08?0@a =0i2i02=+ '+8+ /2 ?+'0"+

=0 ?+=/''i>2 =0 9i020" a ga2 0"'ala; 80=ia20 la /ili@a'i>2 =0 82 0l

?+'0"+ ?+ 0l 4/0 /2 E"a=+ + '+8/2i=a= "+'ial ?a"a =0/2a 0'+2+8(a 9a"a=a 02 la agi'/l/a a /2a /2=a802a=a 02 0l =0"a+ll+

i2=/"ial ) 02 0l 4/0 "0 0?0"02a 02 8i2+" 0'+2>8i'+" 0l "+"2

/2=a802al =0l P+=/'+ I20i+ B/+ ) 02 8i2+" =0 +'/?a'i>2 +0'0

a9a+ a la 8a)+(a =0 la ?+9la'i>2; 02 la 4/0 "0 ?+=/'0 /2a 0'+2+8(a =0

li90 'a89i+#

El ?+'0"+ =0 i2=/"iali@a'i>2 08?0@> '/a2=+ "0 li90a 8a2+ =0 +9a

=0l 'a8?+; ga'ia" a la" 80+a" 02 ?+=/'i!i=a= ag('+la; +9liga2=+ a la?+9la'i>2 a 8iga a la" 'i/=a=0"# E"a" 80+a" =0 ?+=/'i!i=a= "0 =0902

al =0"a+ll+ =0 la i2=/"ia 4/(8i'a; 0l '0'i8i02+ =0 la" 'i/=a=0" ) l+"

2/0!+" ?+'0"+" ?+=/'i!+" ?+!+'a2=+ 'a89i+" "+'ial0" '+8+: 0l ?a"+ a

la a8ilia 2/'l0a; la 0"a2=ai@a'i>2 =0 l+" +ai+" la9+al0"; 0l a/802+ =0

la i8?+a2'ia =0 la" i2"i/'i+20"; 02 la 0g/la'i>2 =0 la !i=a 0'+2>8i'a )

"+'ial; 0l i2=i!i=/ali"8+ ) la '+8?0ii!i=a=# La ?+=/''i>2 02 8a"a =0

9i020" =0i!a a'ia /2 'a?iali"8+ ag0"i!+; )a 4/0 04/i00 /2 i2'0802+

=0 !02a" ) 0=/''i+20" =0 '+"0"#

La"


12/28

=0"a+lla9a2 02 0l 0"?a'i+ =+8"i'+ 02 =+2=0 "0 a9aa 0l 0i=+;

/02"ili+" ) '02 8/2=ial "0 0"i8a9a 02 %&, 8ill+20"

=0 a9ia20" a ?i2'i?i+" =0l "igl+ KVIII; 0"a ?+9la'i>2 0"a9a

=0"ig/al8020 0?ai=a; la 8a)+ '+2'02a'i>2 =08+g2 !i!(a 02 2'l0+" 2+ /9a2+" l+"

"i"08a" =0 0?l+a'i>2 ag('+la 0a2 !aia=+"#

- E2 la E/+?a +''i=02al ?0=+8i2a9a la ig/a =0l 'a8?0"i2+ li90;

"/0+ al ?ag+ =0 02a" ?0+ 'a?a@ =0 i2i'ia l+" ?i80+" ?a"+" =0

/2a 0!+l/'i>2 ag('+la#- E2 la E/+?a +i02al /2 'a8?0"i2a=+ "+80i=+ al gi802 =0

"0!i=/890 0a la 9a"0 =0 /2a agi'/l/a =0 'a2# El 'a89i+ /0 0"?0'ial8020 i8?+a20 02 l+" i20'a89i+"

'+80'ial0" ) 02 la i2=/"ia#

La E?a2"i>2 C+80'ial#

A l+ lag+ =0l "igl+ KVIII '+9> i8?/l"+ "+90 +=+ 0l '+80'i+ a laga

=i"a2'ia# S0 i2'+?+a+2 a l+" 'i'/i+" '+80'ial0" l+" ?+=/'+" 0il0"8a2/a'/a=+"; =/a20 0"0 ?0i+=+ la 0g08+2(a '+80'ial 0"/!+ 02

8a2+" =0 l+" ?a("0" 0/+?0+"# La l+a i2gl0"a "/?+2(a 8


13/28

"igl+ KIK 02 =+2=0 "0 0?+a9a 9i020" 8a2/a'/a=+" 0 i8?+a9a

8a0ia" ?i8a"#

La I2=/"ia R/al#

La a?ai'i>2 =0 /2a ?+020 i2=/"ia /al =+8"i'a a20i+ a la 0!+l/'i>2

i2=/"ial 0" 0l 0'+ 8 '+8+ =0"a+ll+ =0l ga2 '+80'i+ ) =0 la a'/8/la'i>2

=0 'a?ial '+80'ial; la" 'aa'0("i'a" =0 0"a i2=/"ia "+2 0":

1# U2a a'i!i=a= /al ) =+8"i'a#$# E"< 0"?0'iali@a=a 02 0l "0'+ 0il ) +i02a=+ al 80'a=+ 0a

0gi+2al#3# S/ +ga2i@a'i>2 =0?02=0 =0l 'a?ial 80'a2il#

- La E/+?a '+2i202al =i"?/"+ =0 la 0'2+l+g(a 9i2 ) al i0+ ) =i0'a8020 0la'i+2a=a

'+2 la 0!+l/'i>2 =0 l+" a2"?+0"#

La i20ga'i>2 9a2'a-i2=/"ia =0l '+2i2020 0" +a 'aa'0("i'a

=i002'ial 0"?0'+ =0 ga2 B0aa#

13


14/28

El ?a?0l =0l 0"a=+ 0" 4/i@2 0'+2>8i'a '+2i202al 2+ /9i0a "i=+ ?+"i9l0 "i2

la ?ai'i?a'i>2 a'i!a =0 l+" g+9i02+" 02 la =+a'i>2 =0 0'/"+"#

La Re#ol"c+$ de lo& Tra$&porte&,

El 80+ i2=i'a=+ =0 la i2=/"iali@a'i>2 =0l '+2i2020 0" la 0?a2"i>2 =0

l+" 80=i+" =0 a2"?+0# D0"=0 80=ia=+" =0l "igl+ KIK; a la" 'a00a" )

l+" 'a2al0" "0 l0" ag0g> 0l 02=i=+ 8a"i!+ =0 /2a 0= 0+!iaia; la

2a!0ga'i>2 0?0i802> a "/ !0@ /2 ga2 i8?/l"+; ?+ /2a ?a0 la

2a!0ga'i>2 l/!ial 4/0 a ?ai =0 1&&, '+2"i/)> ?+020" /a" =0

a2"?+0; ) ?+ +a ?a0 la 2a!0ga'i>2 8a(i8a 4/0 /0 0l "0'+ 4/0

0?0i802> 8a)+0" a2"+8a'i+20" =/a20 la "0g/2=a 8ia= =0l "igl+

KIK# La a?0/a =0l 'a2al =0 S/0'ia 02 1&% a!+0'i> la" 0la'i+20" 020

E/+?a ) 0l 008+ +i020#

-ra$ .reta/a taller del '"$do,

A 80=ia=+" =0l "igl+ KIK; ga2 B0aa '+2 la 8ia= =0 ?+9la'i>2 4/0

Fa2'ia ?+=/'(a =+" 0'i+" =0l 'a9>2 8/2=ial; 82 ag('+la; 0l 'a89i+ 0'2+l>gi'+ ) 0l =0"a+ll+ =0l

80'a=+ i20i+ ) 00i+#

La agi'/l/a i2gl0"a ?0"02a9a a 80=ia=+" =0l "igl+ KVIII /2 ?a2+a8a

=i0020 =0l '+2i202al al a90 0?0i802a=+ )a /2a 0!+l/'i>2 ag('+la#

E2 la =i"i9/'i>2 =0 la ?+?i0=a= =0 la i0a ?0=+8i2a9a la 2+9l0@a; "i2

14


15/28

?0"02'ia =0 la igl0"ia 2i =0 l+" 'a8?0"i2+"; 0"a '+2'02a'i>2 =0 la

?+?i0=a= =0 la i0a /0 ?+"i9l0 ga'ia" a l+" '0'a8i02+"#

E2 la agi'/l/a i2gl0"a "0 ?+=/0+2 /2a "0i0 =0 i22+!a'i+20" 02 la

?+=/''i>2 agaia '+8+ la =i/"i>2 =0l "i"08a N++l* + la a"+'ia'i>2 020

agi'/l/a ) ga2a=0(a# T+=+ 0ll+ ?08ii> /2 i2'0802+ =0 la ?+=/'i!i=a=

agaia ) /2 2i!0l =0 ?+=/''i>2 "/i'i020 ?aa ali802a a /2a ?+9la'i>2#

Lo& Pr'ero& Paí&e& e$ I$d"&tral%ar&e

C+2 0"0 2+890 "0 '+2+'0 0l ?0l+>2 =0 ?a("0" '+2i202al0" =0

i2=/"iali@a'i>2 82 ialia2a 0ali@a=a 02 0l a+ 1&,; al ig/al 4/0 la

al08a2a; i8?/l"+; "i2 089ag+ a=(a8020; la i2=/"iali@a'i>2 =0l ?a("#

A/24/0 la i2=/"iali@a'i>2 "0 4/0=> li8ia=+ al 2+0 =0 Ialia; 8i02a" 4/0

0l "/ '+2i2/+ 0"02'ial8020 ag('+la#

R/"ia: E2 0"0 ?a(" la R0!+l/'i>2 I2=/"ial "0 i2i'i> 0al8020 02 la li8a='a=a =0l "igl+ KIK# La" a@+20" ?aa la i2=/"iali@a'i>2 /"a /0+2 la

ga2 =i"?+2i9ili=a= =0 8a2+ =0 +9a; i20!02'i>2 g/902a802al 02 la

0'+2+8(a ) la" i2!0"i+20" 0a20a"#

15


16/28

E"a=+" U2i=+": La R0!+l/'i>2 I2=/"ial "0 i2i'ia(a i2al =0 la G/0a =0

S0'0"i>2 1&%5H# El 08i2+ =0l '+2li'+; a9+li> la 0"'la!i/= ) '+2'02+ 0"a

8a2+ =0 +9a 02 la" a9i'a"; 4/0 /0+2 i8?/l"a=a" ?+ la" 0"a=+"

i2=/"iali@a=+" =0 2+0 4/0 ga2a+2 la g/0a# E"a=+" U2i=+" 0a /2 ?a("i2802"+ '+2 2/80+"+" 0'/"+" 2a/al0" 4/0 0?l+a+2 ?aa 0"a

i2=/"iali@a'i>2#

Ja?>2: La 8+=02i@a'i>2 =0 Ja?>2 =aa =0"=0 0l i2i'i+ =0 la 0a M0ii; 02

1&; '/a2=+ la "/?0a'i>2 =0l 0/=ali"8+ /2ii'+ 0l ?a("; '02ali@+ la

a/+i=a= ?+l(i'a; li90+ la 8a2+ =0 +9a; ?+"i9ili+ la i20!02'i>2

g/902a802al 02 la 0'+2+8(a; la a"i8ila'i>2 =0 la 0'2+l+g(a +''i=02al#

Blgi'a: Ga'ia" a "/" 0'/"+" 020gi'+" ) a "/ ?i!il0gia=a ?+"i'i>2

g0+g


17/28

La ga2 '+2'02a'i>2 08?0"aial ) i2a2'i0a ) 0l ?+020 =0"a+ll+

'i02(i'+ a?li'a=+ a la ?+=/''i>2#

La P0i0ia =0 E/+?a#

a"a 1&, 02 la 8a)+ ?a0 =0 l+" ?a("0" 0/+?0+" la i2=/"iali@a'i>2

4/0=> 0"i2gi=a a 02 '/a+ ga2=0"

?/2+":

1 U2a ?+l(i'a 8+20aia$ U2 ?+0''i+2i"8+ aa2'0lai+3 I2!0"i+20" 0"aal0" 02 0l "0'+ 0+!iai+ ) 02 i2=/"ia ?0"a=a6 L+" 0'/"+" "i"08

'+2 0l S+g/2a+ 02 1&%& ) =i+ '+8i02@+ a la 0a M0ii; a ?ai =0 0"a0'a ) a"a ?i2'i?i+" =0l "igl+ KK; /!+ l/ga /2 ?+'0"+ =0

i2=/"iali@a'i>2 4/0 '+89i2a la ?08a202'ia =0 "/" a=i'i+20" '+2 la

i2'+?+a'i>2 =0 i2l/02'ia ) 0'2+l+g(a +''i=02al0"; 0l =0"?0g/0 i2=/"ial

Ja?+2" =0"'a2"a 02 0l a?+)+ 4/0 0l 0"a=+ ?0"> a la" i2i'iai!a"

17


18/28

i2=/"ial0"; 02 la "+900?l+a'i>2 =0l 'a8?0"i2a=+ ?+ !(a i"'al ) 02 la

'+2"i/'i>2 =0 i8?+a20" g/?+" i2=/"ial0"#

Lo& E&tado& U$do& de A'rca,

La a2"+8a'i>2 =0 /2a "+'i0=a= '+l+2ial 02 /2a "+'i0=a=

ala8020 i2=/"iali@a=a 0" /2 0'+ 4/0 /!+ l/ga 02 l+" E"a=+" U2i=+"

=/a20 0l "igl+ KIK# U2a i20?0a'i>2 'l2 82 =0 /2 i2802"+ 80'a=+ i20i+; 02 l+" E"a=+" U2i=+" 0l

?0"+ =0l 80'a=+ 00i+ /0 8/) 0"'a"+; '+2 la '+2'l/"i>2 =0 /2 02=i=+

0+!iai+ =0 '+"a a '+"a 4/0 i@+ 4/0 0l 80'a=+ =0l 2++0"0 "0

a8?liaa a +=+ 0l 0i+i+ =0 la /2i>2#

La a=a?a'i>2 =0 2/0!a" ?a/a" =0 +ga2i@a'i>2 =0 la ?+=/''i>2 9a"a=a"

02 la a?li'a'i>2 "i"082; 2+ '+8+ 02 la i2=/"iali@a'i>2

=0 E/+?a; =+2=0 ?i80+ "0 =0"a+ll> 0l "0'+ ?i8ai+# E"+ "0 =090?i2'i?al8020 al a/802+ =0l /i"8+ 8/2=ial; al '0'i8i02+ =0l "0'+

?9li'+ '+8+ +0020 =0 "0!i'i+" al0" '+8+ "a2i=a=; =002"a###H ) al

=0"a+ll+ =0l "0'+ i2a2'i0+; 0"0 li8+ 0" 0l 'a"+ =0 Ci2a; 4/0 "0 a

i2=/"iali@a=+ ga'ia" al '+2+l =0l 'a?ial ) =0 la '+i@a'i>2 =0 "/ 8+20=a#

18


19/28

L+" ?i80+" "0'+0" i2=/"ial0" 02 =0"a+lla"0 "+2 l+" 4/0

?+!002 =0 9i020" al "0'+ =0 "0!i'i+"; ?+ 0l i8?/l"+ 4/0 "0 "/?+20 =a2 a

la 0'+2+8(a; + a4/0ll+" "0'+0" 4/0 ?+"002 !02aa" '+8?0ii!a" 02 0l

80'a=+ i202a'i+2al; '+8+ "+2 l+" i202"i!+" 02 8a2+ =0 +9a# E"+""0'+0" 'a2ali@a2 0l i8?/l"+ a'ia 0l "0'+ =0 ?+=/'+" i2080=i+" ) =0

9i020" =0 04/i?+#

La i2=/"iali@a'i>2 0" /2 ?+'0"+ !i!+ ) '+2"a20 0l '/al a"a 0l =(a

=0 +) !a 02 a!a2'0; l+ 4/0 2+" =0a 8/) 02 'la+ 4/0 2+ a'a9aa "i2+ 4/0

"0g/i< "/ '/"+ 02 /2 i08?+ i2=0i2i=+; )a "0a 02 l+" ?a("0" ) 0gi+20" )a

802'i+2a=a" + 02 ?a("0" 802+" =0"a+lla=+" al0" '+8+ "+2 l+" ?a("0" 02

!(a" =0 =0"a+ll+ '+8+ l+" BRICS Ba"il; R/"ia; I2=ia; Ci2a ) S/=2 i2=/"ial; "0 ?/0=0 08?0@a

=0i2i02=+ 4/0 la 0!+l/'i>2 0" /2 'a89i+ "+'ial /2=a802al 02 la

0"/'/a =0 ?+=0; + a89i2 =0i2i=a '+8+ la +ga2i@a'i>2 4/0 +8a l/ga

02 /2 ?0(+=+ =008i2a20; 4/0 ?/0=0 "0 '++ + lag+ =0?02=i02=+ =0 la

0"/'/a =0 "( 8i"8+# La" 0!+l/'i+20" "0 '+2"i=0a2 '+8+ /2 8+!i8i02+

+ ?+'0"+ 02 =+2=0 ?a02 8a)+8020 =0 "i"08a" "+'ial0" + ?+l(i'+"#

La 0!+l/'i>2 i2=/"ial !i020 =a=a ?+ /2a '+2"0'/020 0!+l/'i>2

0'+2>8i'a 02 =+2=0 "0 ?+=/'0 /2 'a89i+ =2 ) '+2"/8+" =0 9i020" ) "0!i'i+"# P+ l+ 4/0 la

0!+l/'i>2 i2=/"ial '+8+ )a 08+" 802'i+2a=+ !i20 =0 la 8a2+ '+2 la

0!+l/'i>2 0'+2>8i'a; )a "0 ?+=/+ 02 a89i020 0?02i2+ 02 la '/al "0

g020> /2a a"+8a'i>2 0'+2>8i'a "+'ial ) 0'2+l>gi'a 4/0 =0"a+

ga2=0" '+2'/02'ia" a 2i!0l 8/2=ial#

19


20/28

La lla8a=a R0!+l/'i>2 I2=/"ial "0 i2i'i> 02 la "0g/2=a 8ia= =0l

"igl+ KVlll 02 0l R0i2+ U2i=+ /2a" ='a=a" =0"?/" a ga2 ?a0 =0 E/+?a

+''i=02al ) N+0a8i'a; ) 4/0 '+2'l/)> 020 1&$, ) 1&5, S0 =i+ a

'+2+'0 a ?ai =0l a+ 1&65; ?+ 0l '+8/2i"a F0=0i'+ E2g0l" /2+ =0 l+"/2=a=+0" =0l "+'iali"8+ 'i02(i'+; 4/i02 la =0i20 '+8+ '+2/2+ =0

a2"+8a'i+20"; '2i'a" ) 0'+2>8i'a" 4/0 'aa'0i@a9a2 a la "/"i/'i>2

=0 la /020 =0 020g(a ("i'a ?+ /020 =0 020g(a 80'2 8a2/a'/0a ?+ la a9il ?+ 0l

?+'0"+ =0 ?+=/''i>2 'a?iali"a; la i22+!a'i>2 =0 la" 8a4/i2aia" ) 80=i+"

=0 a2"?+0; ) 0l a/802+ =0 la 'a?a'i=a= ?+=/'i!a '+2 la "/"i/'i>2 =0

l+" all00" a0"a2al0" ?+ la" 2 I2=/"ial 8a'a /2 ?/2+ =0 i2l0i>2 02 la i"+ia;

8+=ii'a2=+ 0 i2l/02'ia2=+ +=+" l+" a"?0'+" =0 la !i=a '+i=ia2a =0 /2a /

+a 8a20a# La ?+=/''i>2 a2+ ag('+la '+8+ =0 la 2a'i020 i2=/"ia "0

8/li?li'> a la !0@ 4/0 =i"8i2/(a 0l i08?+ =0 ?+=/''i>2# A ?ai =0 1&,, la

i4/0@a ) la 02a ?0 '


21/28

"i"08a li90al 9/g/"; 0"2 i2=/"ial '+8+

/2a l(20a =i!i"+a /2=a802al 02 0l =0"a+ll+ 0'+2>8i'+ E/+?0+1

02 =+2=0 0"a9l0'0 4/0 a9(a2 "i=+ 0l0802+" =0'i"i!+" la

'+2'02a'i>2 =0 la ?+?i0=a= =0 l+" 80=i+" =0 ?+=/''i>2 02 la"

8a2+" =0 /2a 'la"0 ) 0l a!0'i2a8i02+ =0 +a 'la"0 =0 2+

?+?i0ai+"; =0 !02=0=+0" =0 /0@a" =0 a9a+#

La" a2"+8a'i+20" =0 la ?+=/''i>2 ag('+la "+90!02i=a 02 0l

?0(+=+ =0 a2"i'i>2: la li90a'i>2 =0i2ii!a =0 la" '+"/890" ) la"

0la'i+20" 0/=al0" ) 0l ?a?0l =0"08?0a=+ ?+ l+" ?04/0+"

?+=/'+0"; ?+ la ?04/0a 9/g/0"(a 'a8?0"i2a ) ?+ l+" "0+0"

/al0" 02 la a=+?'i>2 =0 la" ?i80a" i22+!a'i+20" '2i'a" ) 02 0l

a9a+ =0 ?+=/''i>2 9a"a=+" 02 0l a9a+ a"alaia=+#

• C/l/a ) S+'i0=a=

Ei"(a2 'i0a" ?+i9i'i+20" "+90 0l 08?l0+ =0l 'a?ial + "+90 la

8+=ali=a=0" =0 ?+=/''i>2 =0 =008i2a=+" 9i020"; a/24/0

+8al8020 !ig+; a 802/=+ "0 0l/=(a2 ga'ia" al 0'+ =0"=0 a'0

i08?+ la a'i!i=a= i2=/"ial ) '+80'ial "0 a i=+ a"la=a=+ a @+2a"

"i/a=a" al 0"g/a=+ =0 la" "/0'i+20" ) =0 la /i"=i''i>2 =0 la"

'+?+a'i+20" =0 +i'i+ + "+90 la" 4/0 "0 00'(a 8a" 9la2=a802002 0l '+2+l ?9li'+#

1 Autor del libro pág. 11

21


22/28

Alg/2+" i2!0"iga=+0" 0"a9l0'02 4/0 8/'+" =0 l+" ?i80+"

?i+20+" 4/0 l0 =i0+2 ?a"+ a la 0!+l/'i>2 i2=/"ial 0a2 al 8i"8+

i08?+ 'i02(i'+" =0 ?+0"i>2; 02 =+2=0 l+" +890" =0 la 'i02'ia

i8?/l"a+2 i8?+a20" i22+!a'i+20" '2i'a" '+8+ Ja80" *0) )Sa8/0l Gal+2#

C+2"/)0+2 a "/ !0@ 0l =0"a+ll+ =0 2/0!a" 0"'/0la" =0 ("i'a; =0

4/(8i'a ) =0 0'2+l+g(a; a89i2 '+8+ la" a'a=08ia" ?i!a=a"# E2 =+2=0

l+" ?+'0"+" 'i02(i'+" 02 0l "igl+ KVIII 02 la 4/(8i'a; la 08+=i22 '/a2=+ '+802@a+2 a

0"?+2=0 a la" 20'0"i=a=0" "+'ial0" ) a la" 0ig02'ia" =0 la i2=/"ia#

Si2 089ag+ "0 =090 802'i+2a 0l ?a?0l 00'ia=+ ?+ g/?+"

0ligi+"+" 2+ '+2+8i"a" ) ?+ l+" 2/0!+" g/?+" '/l/al0"# N+ 20'0"i+

8a2+ =0 +9a 0"?0'iali@a=a 2i a?+0" ?+ ?a0 =0 la 'i02'ia ) la '/l/a;

=a=+" la 0lai!a "i8?li'i=a= =0 l+" 0!02+"# P/0"+ 4/0 la 0'2+l+g(a

20'0"aia ?aa la 0!+l/'i>2 i2=/"ial 0"a9a =i"?+2i9l0 =0"=0 l+" i20" =0l

"igl+ KVII ) al al'a2'0 =0 ?+ l+ 802+" 0l "0'+ =0 a!a2@a=a; 02 =+2=0 la

?2 i2=/"ial

1 C/l/a ) "+'i0=a=

$ La" +i02a'i+20" i"+i+g


23/28

- El a/802+ =0 la ?+9la'i>2

6 La a'/8/la'i>2 ?i8ii!a =0 la 'a?ial

5 La 0!+l/'i>2 ag('+la

% El ?a?0l =0l a9a+

La i8?+a2'ia =0l 80'a=+ i202a'i+2al#

& La i2=/"ia =0l alg+=>2

Oa 'aa'0("i'a 0"02'ial =0 la 0!+l/'i>2 i2=/"ial 0" 0l


24/28

2/0!a" +8a" +ga2i@ai!a"# El alg+=>2 a "i=+ '+2"i=0a=+ 0l "0'+ l(=0

=0 la 0!+l/'i>2 i2=/"ial#

La i2=/"ia alg+=+20a "/"i/)> a l+" a20i+0" 0i=+" =0 la2a ) li2+ )

0"a2g/l> la ?+=/''i>2 0il =0 ?a("0" '+8+ la i2=ia#

La 80algi'a: La i2=/"ia 80algi'a /!+ /2a i8?+a2'ia 802+;

alg/2a =0 la" i22+!a'i+20" 82 =0l 'a9>2

!0g0al ?+ 0l '+4/0 + 'a9>2 8i20al 4/0 0!i> la =0+0"a'i>2 0 i8?/l"> la

'0a'i>2 =0 al+" +2+"#

L+" a2"?+0": E20 1, ) 1&3, =0"a'a la '+2"/''i>2 =0 'a2al0" ) =0

'a00a" =0 ?0a0; ?0+ 0l ga2 0!/l"i!+ /0 la '0a'i>2 =0l 0+'ail#

L+" 00'+" =0 aa"0 =0l "0'+ 0+!iai+ /0+2 8/) i8?+a20" "+90 la

8i20(a ) "+90 la "i=0/gia#

Ca"&a& de la Re#ol"c+$ I$d"&tral

E20 l+" =i!0"+" a'+0" 4/0 /0+2 0l +ig02 =0l ?+'0"+ =0

i2=/"iali@a'i>2; 0" 800'02 802'i>2 0"?0'ial: La R0!+l/'i>2 C+80'ial

02 E/+?a; la a'/8/la'i>2 ?i8ii!a =0 'a?ial ) la a?ai'i>2 =0 a!a2'0"0'2+l>gi'+" 8a4/i2a"H# La 'a/"a 82 =0 8


25/28


26/28

9a"a9a 02 la li90 '+8?002'ia# E"0 "i"08a a la !0@; '0+ '+2=i'i+20" ?aa

4/0 la" ga2=0" 08?0"a" 0li8i2a"02 + a9"+l!i0"02 a la" ?04/0a"

08?0"a" a a!" =0 /2 ?+'0"+ '/)+ 0"/la=+ /0 /2a "/"i/'i>2 =0 li90

'+8?002'ia ?+ 0l 8+2+?+li+#

3# Proce&o de prod"cc+$ e$ &ere,3 -La" 80'a=0(a" ?a"a+2 a "0

?+=/'i=a" =0 8a20a /2i+80 ) 0"a2=ai@a=a#

6# La e4pa$&+$ del 'peral&'o#- La" ?+02'ia" 'a?iali"a" 20'0"ia+2

=0 '+l+2ia"; =0 =+2=0 0a0 la" 8a0ia" ?i8a" ?aa "/" 8a2/a'/a" )

a89i2 4/0 i2gi0"02 =0 80'a=+" 002+" ?aa '+l+'a "/" 0'0=020" =080'a=0(a"#

CONCLUSIÓN

E2 0l ?0"020 a9a+ 92 "+90 0l

08a =0 la 0!+l/'i>2 =0 la "+'i0=a= '02a=+" 02 la 0!+l/'i>2 =0 la

0'+2+8(a ; a"( '+8+ "0 0?/"+ al '+8i02@+ =0 0"0 a9a+ /i8+" !i02=+

26


27/28

'+8+ 0"+" 'a89i+" a0'a9a2 ) 8+=ii'a9a2 la "+'i0=a= '+802@a2=+ =0"=0

0"a" "+'i0=a=0" "i8?l0" 4/0 ">l+ "0 =0=i'a9a2 a "/9"i"i '+2 l+" ?+'+"

0'/"+" 4/0 "0 02'+2a9a2; a /2a a!a2@a=a =+2=0 "0 a)/=a9a2

8//a8020 ) 8a202(a2 ?+l(i'a" =0 /2i>2 ?aa ?02"a 02 0l 8aa2a; 2++9"a20 /9+ 8/'+" 8


28/28

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1- Sociologia 18-11-15 Corregido (2)

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