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Introduction Brazilian Legal System

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Getting ready ...

What makes legal language difficult? Articles

 .    c    o    m

 • Introduction to Brazil's Le al S stem   a    s    s

    o    c     i    a     t    e

    s

pad for your notes      j    o     h

    n    s    o    n    a    n

dictionary   s     h    a    w

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What makes le al lan ua e difficult?

One of the main

reasons why legal

difficult to understand     r    g

is that it is often very     d    e    n     t     h    a    c     k    s .

 

English.      h     t     t    p    :     /     /    s     t

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This com romises two issues: 

1 - The writing conventions are different:sentences often have peculiar structures,

• foreign phrases are sometimes used instead of

English phrases (inter alia instead of among

• unusual ronouns the same, the aforesaid,

etc.);

• unusua se p rases are o e oun nu an

void all and sundr  .4

 

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2 - A lar e number of difficult words and

phrases are used. These fall into fourca egor es:

 –  phrases that have precise and fixed legal

mean ngs an w c cannot usua y e

Example:

 Absolute title – Ownership of a legal estate

state that no one has a better right to that5

estate.

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    e    s .    c

    o    m

    g    u    a     l  -    s    e    r    v     i    c

    w    w .    m

    u     l     t     i     l     i

  – ,words range from near-slang to almost technically

     h     t     t    p    :     /     /

precise words. Examples:

• - usually appear at the end of a contract. Sometimes

' '  .The purpose of boilerplate provisions is to save the

parties and drafters of contracts time with commonly

used and understood lan ua e.

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c) Legal meaning may differ from general meaning – 

words that have one meaning as a legal term of art

and another word in ordinar En lish. 

Legal English meaning Ordinary English meaning

Consideration   an act, forbearance,or promise by one party to a contract

Consideration (1)   careful thought;(2)a fact taken into account when

a cons u es e pr ce or w c

the promise of the other party is

ma ng a ec s on; oug u ness

towards others.

.

the validity of any contract other 

than one made by deed.

Construction   in legal Englishmeans interpretation. “To construe”

Construction (1)   the action of constructing (a building);   (2)   a

s t e n n t ve ver orm o t e

term.

u ng or ot er structure; t e

industry of erecting buildings.

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d) Words may be used in apparently peculiar

contexts – a number of words and phrases, which

are used in ordinar En lish are also used in le al 

English but in unusual contexts, called obscure

.

Ordinary English Obscure meaning

 

Domicile  a dwelling place Domicile   the country a

: p ace o res ence : ome(Webster Dictionary)  person rea s as s or er  permanent home and to

which htat person has the

closest le al attachment.

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 Articles

 A and an - indefinite articles: for singular noun

Brazil is a civil law country with its legal system based

on codes and (…) (Line 1)

, , ,  to create an Official Gazette (Diário Oficial) for the

’  ,

(…)

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e - e n e ar c e:

for sin ular and lural nouns

Examples:

Brazil is a civil law country with its legal systembased on codes and le islation enacted rimaril b

the federal legislative power as well as the states

.by the indissoluble union of the states, municipalities

.

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Practice 1 – Over to ou

    r    e    s    s .    c

    o    m

Fill in the gaps with the correct article.    e    n    y    a .    w

    o    r     d

Part A - Separation of Powers

     t    p    :     /

     /     b    e     i    n    g    z     h

1 In ________ Brazilian legal system, ________

     h     t

the the

supreme ru e s2 Federal Constitution. currentthe The ________ ________

one was promulgated on

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    c     h    o    o     l    s .    o

    r    g

    w .    a

     b    o    u     t     l    a    w

     h     t     t    p    :     /     /    w

    w

   – 

1 word uris rudence comes from LatinThe ________and expresses

2 ________wise knowledge of ________ law.the the

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Introduction to Brazil's Le al S stem

Brazil is a civil law country with its legal

sys em ase on co es an eg s a onenacted rimaril b the federal le islative

power as well as the states and

mun c pa es. s a e era ve repu c

formed b the indissoluble union of the

states, municipalities and the Federal.

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e cons u on

Constitui ão daRepública Federativa do

ras – . .establishes the      l    o    g

    s    p    o     t .    c

    o

legislative, the    p    :     /     /     j    u    s    c    e    u     t .

,

 judiciary as the three

     h     t

branches that compose

government.14

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the Chamber of Deputies and the FederalSenate and it exercises its legislative

.The executive branch encompasses the

President of the Republic and the

.

     t    o    p    e     d     i    a .    c

    o

     t     t    p    :     /     /    w    w

    w .     f

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The judiciary consists of the

National Council of Justice;

the Superior Tribunal of

Labor Justice; Electoral  .     b    r

Justice; Military Justice; and    r    e    g     i    o    n    a     l .    c    o

  .

    w .     j

    o    r    n    a     l    v    o    z

     h     t     t    p    :     /     /    w

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Official Sources of Law

 

The Brazilian official press (Impressão Régia)    n    o    w .    o

    r    g

was created on May 13,1808, by Acting King    p    :     /     /    w    w    w .     d

     i    g

  ,

exclusivit all normative and administrative acts

     h     t     t

of the government.

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os recen y, on ecem er , , e

government issued Decree No. 4,520 establishingthat publication of the following documents be

entrusted to the Executive Power throu h the 

National Press:

a aws an o er ac s resu ng rom e eg s a ve

process as determined by the Constitution; treaties,conventions, and other international acts approved

b the National Con ress official acts excludin the 

ones of internal nature, of the Federal Public

Federal Audit Court.

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  .

4,520 are published in the Official Gazetteof the Union r o c a a n ão  in

The electronic editions of the Diário

Oficial da União and of the Diário da

,

the National Press, produce the same

effects as the printed ones.

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LegislationThe Brazilian law can be found in codes,

     b    r

conso a ons, or roug ou num erele islation ublished in the Official     w .     t

     j    p    e .    g    o

    v .

Gazettes. A code is a methodical set of      h     t     t    p    :     /     /    w

ru es o a spec c e o aw n en e o

be a bod of ermanent law.

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Between random legislation and

laws. Not as systematic as a code, it only

assembles legislations in the same field of

aw n an organ ze s ng e vo ume. ac

State and the Federal Union have theirown daily official publication or Official

.

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u c a ec s ons

In 2004, Congress amended the

ons u on an es a s e a e nadecisions issued b an absolute ma orit

of the members of the Federal Supreme

our wou ave a n ng ega

effect on the entire Judiciar .

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e so-ca e mu as

Vinculantes are nowregulated by Law No.

, o ecem er ,2006, and enable the

Judiciary to judge in a    o    m

 

thousands of cases    o .     b

     l    o    g    s    p    o     t .

dealing with the same    s    e     b    o    e    a    c    e    r    v

.     h     t     t    p    :     /     /

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Scholars play a key role in the Brazilian. ,

through books or articles, compose what     gis called the doctrine. The purpose of the    w .     d

     l .     k    e     t .    o

, ,

enacted law.      h     t     t    p    :     /     /    w

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  ,

weight will be granted to his or her

interpretation. From the legislative to the,

and administrators, the le al communitwidely relies upon scholars’

.

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P ti 2 It´ th

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Practice 2 – It´s the same

 According to the texts above :

n ro uc on o raz s ega ys em anOfficial Sources of Law com lete the

sentences below.

a) Brazil is federative republic formed by

 ___________________ ,

municipalities and the Federal District.

 

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P ti 3 V b l

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Practice 3 - Vocabular 

Com lete the chart below.

Verb Noun

clarify clarification

legislationenact

amendconso a on

decision27

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oca u ary c ec

The word scholar can be used meaning:    c    o    m

1: a person who attends a school or .    w

    o    r     d    p    r    e    s

    s .

 

2: a person who has done advanced     a    n    e    o    n .     f

     i     l    e    s

study in a special field     t     t    p    :     /     /    m    a    n     i

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R i l d d th

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Review our lesson and do the

exercises

    a    n    e     t .    c    o    m

     b     l    o    g    g    e    r    s    p     l

     h     t     t    p    :     /     /    m    o

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