El Negocio del Gas Natural2 Capitulo
AgendaDefiniciones y TerminologiaDefiniciones importantesTerminologia y Unidades de ConversinProductos Comerciales
Matriz energticaMatiz energtica mundialMatriz Regional y NacionalConsumo de energia y desarrollo economico
Mercado de la EnergaEras EnergeticasRealidadesEl Per como pais energtico
Naturaleza del negocio del Gas NaturalPrecios libres en el UpstreamPrecios Regulados en el Downstream
Son los recursos o fuentes naturales susceptibles de aprovechamiento energtico.
Hay energas primarias no renovables, tipo fsiles como el carbn, petrleo, gas natural, y no fsiles como las nucleares.
Las energas renovables engloban la hidrulica, solar, elica (viento), biomasa (residuos), geotrmica (calor del subsuelo), etc. DefinicionesEnergas Primarias
Carbones: Uso directo: hulla trmica; hulla siderrgica; antracita; lignito negro; lignito pardo. Productos de transformacin: coque siderrgico; gas de coquera; gas de horno alto; alquitranes, breas, otros productos qumicos.
Petrleo: Uso directo: es poco comn, slo existe en crudos muy pesados que no se destilan y se emplean directamente como un fuel ol. En ocasiones, los yacimientos de gas natural contienen un pequeo porcentaje de condensados de Gas Natural (Gases Licuados de Petrleo (Butano y Propano) y naftas), que pueden aprovecharse directamente. Productos de transformacin: GLP; gasolinas; diesel y fuel oils; naftas para la industria petroqumica o de gas manufacturado; querosenos de aviacin, gasleos de automocin y navegacin y de calefaccin o trmico industrial; fuel ol de navegacin y trmico industrial; coque trmico industrial; lubricantes; asfaltos; parafinas; disolventes; combustibles empleados en el proceso de refino (gas de refinera y fuel de refinera) y otros productos qumicos.DefinicionesEnergas Primarias
Gas natural: Uso directo: Gas natural. Productos de transformacin: El gas natural slo se transforma como fuente para obtener hidrgeno, que es materia prima para el gas de sntesis de donde se pueden obtener fertilizantes, llegar al proceso Fisher Troops, producir metanol y finalmente llegar a la petroqumica.
Hidrulica y nuclear: Se emplean en la generacin de energa elctrica. La primera como aprovechamiento directo en los embalses hidroelctricos y la segunda mediante la transformacin en electricidad de la energa derivada de la fisin del uranio.DefinicionesEnergas Primarias
Gas Natural (Standard Energia - Volumen) BTU British Thermal UnitMMBTU 1,000,000 de BTU - Millon de BTUPC Pie CbicoMC M3 Metro cbicoLNG Liquified Natural Gas (GNL)GTL Gas a Lquidos (GAL)GLP Gas Licuado del Petrleo (LPG)
PCH Pie cbico horaMCH Metro cbico horaMPC 1,000 pies cbicos Mil pies cbicosMMPC 1,000,000 pies cbicos Millon pies cbicosMMPCD 1,000,000 de pies cbicos dia Millon de pies cbicos diaMMC 1,000 metros cbicos Mil metros cbicosMMMC 1,000,000 metros cbicos Millon de metros cbicosMMMCD 1,000,000 de metros cbicos dia Millon de metros cbicos diaBMC 1,000,000, 000 de metros cbicos Billon de metros cbicosBPC 1,000,000,000 pies cbicos Billon de pies cbicosBPCD 1,00,000,000 pies cbicos dia Billon de pies cbicos diaTerminologa y Unidades
Gas Natural (Standard Energia - Volumen) TMC 1,000,000,000,000 metros cbicos Trillon metros cbicos (TCM)TPC 1,000,000,000,000 de pies cbicos Trillon de pies cbicos (TCF)Tons LNG Toneladas de LNGTA LNG Toneladas ao de LNG1 MC = 1M3 = 35.314 PC 1 Tren LNG = 13 a 15 MMMCD = 450 a 500 MMPCD1 Tren LNG = 500 MMPCD = 10,337 Tons/Dia LNG945 y 1,045 PC = 1 MMBTU (Poder Calorfico)
Terminologa y Unidades
Precio del gas US$/MMBTU Dlares por milln de BTUUS$/MPC Dlares por mil pies cbicosUS$/MMC Dlares por mil metros cbicos
Precio del petrleoUS$/bbl - Dlares por barrilPrecios de los combustibles lquidos US$/ litro Precio del GLPUS$/Ton Dlares por toneladaUS$/Kg Dlares por kilogramoUS$/Baln Dlares por unidad de 10 kilos ( en mercado local peruano)Unidades - Precios
Poder Calorfico de Combustibles
COMBUSTIBLEBTU/LBBTU/LTBTU/KGKCAL/LTKCAL/KGKCAL/PCBTU/PCDIESEL1975036095-9096109721275FUEL OIL1989035693-8995110501260KEROSENE2003035238-8800111281103GASOLINA2100032408-8187116671144GLP2130025433469586409118332745GN-----263.51045LEA4320-6660-13867-2400-3700--
CONSUMO EQUIVAL. EN GN DE DIFERENTES COMBUSTIBLESS.G. 60/60 FDIESEL1 LT =34.54PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.0.829FUEL OIL1 LT =34.16PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.0.814KEROSENE1 LT =31.01PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.0.700GASOLINA1 LT =33.72PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.0.798GLP1KG =44.94PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.0.560 H2O = 11.907 (AIR 1)GN1KG =9.11- 14.05PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.LEA1KG =4320-6660PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.ENERGIA1 KW-H =3.27PIES CUBICOS DE G.N.
Relacin de barril de petrleo para unidad energtica1 barril de petrleo 5.800.000 Btu (British Thermal Unit) Barril de petrleo equivalente (Barrel oil equivalent - boe)1Billn de boe = 5.8 TPC (Trillones de BTUs o Pies Cbicos)Baln (Garrafa) de GLP de 10 kg. 1Baln GLP = 14 metros cbicos de de Gas Natural.
Otras Unidades de Conversin
Gas Natural1 billn de metros cbicos = 35.314 billones de pies cbicos 1 billn de metros cbicos = 0.73 millones de toneladas LNG1 billn de metros cbicos = 36 trillones de BTUs1 billn de metros cbicos = 6.29 millones de barriles petrolo eq.1 milln de toneladas LNG = 1.38 billones de metros cbicos1 milln de toneladas LNG = 48.7 billones de pies cbicos1 milln de toneladas LNG = 52 trillones de BTU
Lquidos1 barril = 0.1364 toneladas mtricas1 barril = 42 galones US1 barril = 0.159 kilolitrosUnidades de Conversin
Productos Comerciales de los Hidrocarburos y Gas NaturalFuente: Elaboracion propiaCH4 MetanoC2H6 Etano
C3H8 PropanoC4H10 Butano
C5H12 PentanoC6H14 HexanoC7H16 HeptanoC8H18 Octano
C9H20 NonanoC10H22 DecanoC11H24 y adelanteGas Natural GTL Fertilizantes 92% CH4+ 5%C2H6+ 3%otrosEtilenoGLPGasolinas y componentes livianosDiesel, Jet Fuel, Grasas, asfaltos y otros componentesIndustria Petroqumica
El Metano puede utilizarse como materia prima para producir:Gas de sntesis (GTL)Sulfuro de carbonoAcido cianhdricoCloro metanoMetanol (combustible) Amoniaco (fertilizantes)
El Etano (5%) es materia prima para la sntesis de etileno de donde se producen productos bsicos que derivan en la industria petroqumica.
La nafta y el GLP pueden tambin ser utilizados como materia prima para obtener productos bsicos que derivan en la industria petroqumica.Productos Comerciales de los Hidrocarburos y Gas Natural
De los campos al MercadoExploracinProduccinSeparacinRecursos y ReservasPetrleo yGas NaturalTratamientoGasoducto y Transporte GNGas NaturalPetrleoOleoductosCO2, H2O, H2S,N2, otrosFraccionamiento RefinacinCuencas SedimentariasLicuefaccinLNGDistribuidoraGLPPetroqumicaGasoductosTransporteyDistribucinMetanoCentrales ElctricasResidencialComercioIndustriaTransporteExportacinC1C2C3C4C5+
GAKEJETDOFOOtros
EstacionesdeServicioGNC y Lquidos
AgendaDefiniciones y TerminologiaDefiniciones importantesTerminologia y Unidades de ConversinProductos Comerciales
Matriz energticaMatiz energtica mundialMatriz Regional y NacionalConsumo de energia y desarrollo economico
Mercado de la EnergaEras EnergeticasRealidadesEl Per como pais energtico
Naturaleza del negocio del Gas NaturalPrecios libres en el UpstreamPrecios Regulados en el Downstream
Fuente: BP Statistical Review, CEA, CEDIGAZ, OCDE
Grfico3
0.385
0.066
0.065
0.247
0.237
CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ENERGA PRIMARIA AL 01.01.2002
23.7%
38.5%
6.6%
6.5%
24.7%
2001
REGIONRESERVASPRODUCCIONCONSUMO
CERCANO ORIENTE13.08.67.8
AMRICA LATINA5.05.35.2
AFRICA7.15.12.3
EXURSS Y EUROPA ORIENTAL34.430.026.5
EUROPA4.611.217.3
AMERICA NORTE4.129.129.2
ASIA OCEANA9.110.711.7
TOTAL77.3100.0100.0
2001
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RESERVAS
GRAFICO DE RESERVAS DE GAS NATURALAL 01.01.2001 (%)
2002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PRODUCCION
GRAFICO DE PRODUCCION DE GAS NATURAL AL 01.01.2001 (%)
Hoja3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CONSUMO
GRAFICO DE CONSUMO DE GAS NATURAL AL 01.01.2001 (%)
Hoja4
REGIONRESERVASPRODUCCIONCONSUMO
CERCANO ORIENTE66.530.25.9
AMRICA LATINA11.915.08.6
AFRICA7.410.43.3
EXURSS Y EUROPA ORIENTAL5.712.06.8
EUROPA1.78.819.7
AMERICA NORTE2.613.028.0
ASIA OCEANA4.210.627.7
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0
Hoja4
13
5
7.1
34.4
4.6
4.1
9.1
RESERVAS
GRAFICO DE RESERVAS DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
Hoja1
8.6
5.3
5.1
30
11.2
29.1
10.7
PRODUCCION
GRAFICO DE PRODUCCION DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
7.8
5.2
2.3
26.5
17.3
29.2
11.7
CONSUMO
GRAFICO DE COSUMO DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
AO1998200520102015
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.4165573947
SOLAR51637387
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE357353425448
ENERGA ELCTRICA1368182922482712
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.2116230724062541
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO6243751882299250
AO1998200520102015
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.432610431871
SOLAR516888108
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE357441466512
ENERGA ELCTRICA1368201726463391
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.2116242825772793
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO6243785487019822
000000
000000
000000
000000
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.
SOLAR
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE
ENERGA ELCTRICA
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO
AOS
MILES DE TEP
PROYECCION DEL CONSUMO FINAL ENERGTICO POR FUENTES (2005 - 2015) ESCENARIO I
000000
000000
000000
000000
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.
SOLAR
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE
ENERGA ELCTRICA
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO
AOS
MILES DE TEP
PROYECCION DEL CONSUMO FINAL ENERGTICO POR FUENTES (2005 - 2015) ESCENARIO II
RECURSO ENERGETICO1990199520002002
HIDROELECTRICIDAD2.42.52.66.6
NUCLEAR6.67.67.66.5
GAS NATURAL22.523.324.223.7
CARBON28.627.12524.7
PETROLEO39.939.540.638.5
PETROLEO10%
HIDRAULICA20%
NUCLEAR17%
CARBON37%
GAS16%
PETROLEO38.5%23.7
HIDRAULICA6.6%24.7
NUCLEAR6.5%6.5
CARBON24.7%6.6
GAS23.7%38.5
100.0%
Carbon mundial y derivados3.9%
Electricidad13.5%
Bagajo y carbon vegetal3.0%
Lea y bota yarta17.1%
Energia solar0.5%
Petroleo61.9%
Gas0.2%
HIDROENERGIA62.0%
PETROLEO (Derviados)24.5%
GAS8.1%
BAGAZO1.9%
CARBON35.0%
0
0
0
0
0
CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ELECTRICIDAD POR FUENTES DE ENERGIA AL 01.01.2001
0
0
0
0
0
CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ENERGIA PRIMARIA AL 01.01.2002
24.7%
6.5%
6.6%
38.5%
23.7%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ESTRUCTURA DEL CONSUMO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA POR FUENTES AL 01.01.2001
0
0
0
0
0
FLUJO DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA EN EL PERU (Total: 117,346 x 1012 JOULS)
00000
00000
00000
00000
HIDROELECTRICIDAD
NUCLEAR
GAS NATURAL
CARBON
PETROLEO
EVOLUCION DEL CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ENERGIA (1990-2002)
Fuente: Energy Information AdministrationGRFICO DE CONSUMO DE GAS NATURAL EN EL MUNDO
Fuente: BP Statistical Review, CEA, CEDIGAZ, OCDEEvolucin Consumo mundial de energa (%) (1990-2002)
2001
REGIONRESERVASPRODUCCIONCONSUMO
CERCANO ORIENTE13.08.67.8
AMRICA LATINA5.05.35.2
AFRICA7.15.12.3
EXURSS Y EUROPA ORIENTAL34.430.026.5
EUROPA4.611.217.3
AMERICA NORTE4.129.129.2
ASIA OCEANA9.110.711.7
TOTAL77.3100.0100.0
2001
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RESERVAS
GRAFICO DE RESERVAS DE GAS NATURALAL 01.01.2001 (%)
2002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PRODUCCION
GRAFICO DE PRODUCCION DE GAS NATURAL AL 01.01.2001 (%)
Hoja3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CONSUMO
GRAFICO DE CONSUMO DE GAS NATURAL AL 01.01.2001 (%)
Hoja4
REGIONRESERVASPRODUCCIONCONSUMO
CERCANO ORIENTE66.530.25.9
AMRICA LATINA11.915.08.6
AFRICA7.410.43.3
EXURSS Y EUROPA ORIENTAL5.712.06.8
EUROPA1.78.819.7
AMERICA NORTE2.613.028.0
ASIA OCEANA4.210.627.7
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0
Hoja4
13
5
7.1
34.4
4.6
4.1
9.1
RESERVAS
GRAFICO DE RESERVAS DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
Hoja1
8.6
5.3
5.1
30
11.2
29.1
10.7
PRODUCCION
GRAFICO DE PRODUCCION DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
7.8
5.2
2.3
26.5
17.3
29.2
11.7
CONSUMO
GRAFICO DE COSUMO DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
AO1998200520102015
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.4165573947
SOLAR51637387
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE357353425448
ENERGA ELCTRICA1368182922482712
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.2116230724062541
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO6243751882299250
AO1998200520102015
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.432610431871
SOLAR516888108
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE357441466512
ENERGA ELCTRICA1368201726463391
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.2116242825772793
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO6243785487019822
000000
000000
000000
000000
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.
SOLAR
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE
ENERGA ELCTRICA
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO
AOS
MILES DE TEP
PROYECCION DEL CONSUMO FINAL ENERGTICO POR FUENTES (2005 - 2015) ESCENARIO I
000000
000000
000000
000000
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.
SOLAR
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE
ENERGA ELCTRICA
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO
AOS
MILES DE TEP
PROYECCION DEL CONSUMO FINAL ENERGTICO POR FUENTES (2005 - 2015) ESCENARIO II
RECURSO ENERGETICO1990199520002002
HIDROELECTRICIDAD2.42.52.66.6
NUCLEAR6.67.67.66.5
GAS NATURAL22.523.324.223.7
CARBON28.627.12524.7
PETROLEO39.939.540.638.5
PETROLEO20%
HIDRAULICA17%
NUCLEAR37%
CARBON16%
GAS10%
PETROLEO38.5%
HIDRAULICA6.6%
NUCLEAR6.5%
CARBON24.7%
GAS23.7%
Carbon mundial y derivados3.9%
Electricidad13.5%
Bagajo y carbon vegetal3.0%
Lea y bota yarta17.1%
Energia solar0.5%
Petroleo61.9%
Gas0.2%
HIDROENERGIA62.0%
PETROLEO (Derviados)24.5%
GAS8.1%
BAGAZO1.9%
CARBON35.0%
0.2
0.17
0.37
0.16
0.1
CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ELECTRICIDAD POR FUENTES DE ENERGIA AL 01.01.2001
0.385
0.066
0.065
0.247
0.237
CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ENERGIA PRIMARIA AL 01.01.2002
0.039
0.135
0.03
0.171
0.005
0.619
0.002
ESTRUCTURA DEL CONSUMO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA POR FUENTES AL 01.01.2001
0.62
0.245
0.081
0.019
0.35
FLUJO DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA EN EL PERU (Total: 117,346 x 1012 JOULS)
00000
00000
00000
00000
HIDROELECTRICIDAD
NUCLEAR
GAS NATURAL
CARBON
PETROLEO
EVOLUCION DEL CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ENERGIA (1990-2002)
FUENTE: Histricos: EIA/DOE/USA (2001)Proyecciones: EIA (2003)Consumo mundial de energa por fuentes (1970-2025)
Evolucin del Consumo de Energa Primaria en USA
Fuente: CEDIGAZProyeccin del consumo mundial de gas natural en GG.EE.
Generacin de Electricidad por Combustible en USA. Periodo 1970 2020. (Billones de Kw-h)
MAYORES DEMANDANTES DE GAS NATURAL EN EL MUNDOFuente: Energy Information Administration
Fuente: TECGAS. Ao 2002
Consumo Regional de Gas Natural. 01.01.2003 Fuente: Energy Information Administration
Fuente: Plan Referencial de Energa 2000 / MEM
Grfico4
0.039
0.135
0.03
0.171
0.005
0.619
0.002
ESTRUCTURA DEL CONSUMO NACIONAL DE ENERGA POR FUENTES AL 01.01.2001
61.9%
0.2%
3.9%
13.5%
17.1%
0.5%
2001
REGIONRESERVASPRODUCCIONCONSUMO
CERCANO ORIENTE13.08.67.8
AMRICA LATINA5.05.35.2
AFRICA7.15.12.3
EXURSS Y EUROPA ORIENTAL34.430.026.5
EUROPA4.611.217.3
AMERICA NORTE4.129.129.2
ASIA OCEANA9.110.711.7
TOTAL77.3100.0100.0
2001
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RESERVAS
GRAFICO DE RESERVAS DE GAS NATURALAL 01.01.2001 (%)
2002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PRODUCCION
GRAFICO DE PRODUCCION DE GAS NATURAL AL 01.01.2001 (%)
Hoja3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CONSUMO
GRAFICO DE CONSUMO DE GAS NATURAL AL 01.01.2001 (%)
Hoja4
REGIONRESERVASPRODUCCIONCONSUMO
CERCANO ORIENTE66.530.25.9
AMRICA LATINA11.915.08.6
AFRICA7.410.43.3
EXURSS Y EUROPA ORIENTAL5.712.06.8
EUROPA1.78.819.7
AMERICA NORTE2.613.028.0
ASIA OCEANA4.210.627.7
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0
Hoja4
13
5
7.1
34.4
4.6
4.1
9.1
RESERVAS
GRAFICO DE RESERVAS DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
Hoja1
8.6
5.3
5.1
30
11.2
29.1
10.7
PRODUCCION
GRAFICO DE PRODUCCION DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
7.8
5.2
2.3
26.5
17.3
29.2
11.7
CONSUMO
GRAFICO DE COSUMO DE PETROLEO AL 01.01.2002 (%)
AO1998200520102015
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.4165573947
SOLAR51637387
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE357353425448
ENERGA ELCTRICA1368182922482712
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.2116230724062541
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO6243751882299250
AO1998200520102015
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.432610431871
SOLAR516888108
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE357441466512
ENERGA ELCTRICA1368201726463391
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.2116242825772793
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO6243785487019822
000000
000000
000000
000000
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.
SOLAR
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE
ENERGA ELCTRICA
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO
AOS
MILES DE TEP
PROYECCION DEL CONSUMO FINAL ENERGTICO POR FUENTES (2005 - 2015) ESCENARIO I
000000
000000
000000
000000
GAS NATURAL, DISTR. E INDUST.
SOLAR
CARBN MINERAL Y COQUE
ENERGA ELCTRICA
LEA, BOSTA, YARETA, BAGAZO Y CARBON VEG.
DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO
AOS
MILES DE TEP
PROYECCION DEL CONSUMO FINAL ENERGTICO POR FUENTES (2005 - 2015) ESCENARIO II
RECURSO ENERGETICO1990199520002002
HIDROELECTRICIDAD2.42.52.66.6
NUCLEAR6.67.67.66.5
GAS NATURAL22.523.324.223.7
CARBON28.627.12524.7
PETROLEO39.939.540.638.5
PETROLEO10%
HIDRAULICA20%
NUCLEAR17%
CARBON37%
GAS16%
PETROLEO38.5%23.7
HIDRAULICA6.6%24.7
NUCLEAR6.5%6.5
CARBON24.7%6.6
GAS23.7%38.5
100.0%
Carbn mineral y derivados3.9%
Electricidad13.5%
Bagazo y carbn vegetal3.0%
Lea, bosta yareta17.1%
Energa solar0.5%
Petrleo61.9%
Gas0.2%
HIDROENERGIA62.0%
PETROLEO (Derviados)24.5%
GAS8.1%
BAGAZO1.9%
CARBON35.0%
0
0
0
0
0
CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ELECTRICIDAD POR FUENTES DE ENERGIA AL 01.01.2001
0
0
0
0
0
CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ENERGIA PRIMARIA AL 01.01.2002
24.7%
6.5%
6.6%
38.5%
23.7%
ESTRUCTURA DEL CONSUMO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA POR FUENTES AL 01.01.2001
0.5%
17.1%
13.5%
3.9%
0.2%
61.9%
0
0
0
0
0
FLUJO DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA EN EL PERU (Total: 117,346 x 1012 JOULS)
00000
00000
00000
00000
HIDROELECTRICIDAD
NUCLEAR
GAS NATURAL
CARBON
PETROLEO
EVOLUCION DEL CONSUMO MUNDIAL DE ENERGIA (1990-2002)
Fuente: PERUPETRO
Consumo de Energa y Desarrollo EconmicoEtiopaSudfricaTanzaniaTogoSenegalZambiaCosta de MarfilIndiaChinaEgiptoGuatemalaMarruecosEcuadorPerBrasilMxicoMalasiaVenezuelaZaireRusiaArabia SauditaHungraPortugalQatarEspaaKuwaitItaliaUKBlgicaUSACanadJapnFranciaAlemaniaSuecia
Grfico1
26.3076923077
37.3846153846
69.2307692308
60.3692307692
83.0769230769
451.5625
263.125
339.0625
718.75
789.0625
319.375
516.25
746.875
550
845.3125
1800
2857.1428571429
3857.1428571429
4085.7142857143
4371.4285714286
7142.8571428571
6285.7142857143
3428.5714285714
4657.1428571429
3914.2857142857
5142.8571428571
6142.8571428571
6428.5714285714
7000
6142.8571428571
6085.7142857143
7571.4285714286
8942.8571428571
9000
24579.4392523364
Energy consumption Koe/head
GNP $/head
Gr1
29.2
2.812
1139.7
12.840
13.937.9
3575.5
33.361.3
29.851
14.423.4
14.822.3
23.732.2
19.424.5
1619.2
20.823.6
13.114.3
24.525.3
Nominal
US$ 2001
Precio Brent en dlares por barril
Los precios mundiales del petrleo 1970-2000
Gr3b
255691.88.2648
259351.811.29311
2630121010412
2666721010513
2430401747
2226301241
1425351540
21.922.1301535
21.822.729.51029
0.53.22328.31025
21.723.328921
295953.616.4371830
299613.611.430924
303273.614.4201020
306933.611.421515
310593.69.413416
314253.611.413614
317913.66.4639
321573.56.58210
325233.55.5428
328893.53.5749
332552.81.27514
3362133629
3398737637
3435335335
3471938436
3508537536
3545139738
3581735615
3618332312
3654937846
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Qatar
Arabia Saudita
EUA
Miles de dlares
Valor de la produccin de petrleo per cpita de pases de Oriente Medio miembros de OPEP 1970-2000
Gr5
588588676324
647618735324
618588706382
588618618324
588706706324
647676706353
676735676382
647794647412
618706676382
559735588382
588676559324
603691471353
618824471382
632809441382
662824515382
676853412471
706882500441
706912471500
706941500500
735941529412
7651000588471
7941000559500
7941059559588
8181124559559
8291171588559
8821206588559
9121206529588
9411235559588
9621274529618
*Otros: gas de refienra, LPG, solventes, coque de petrleo, lubricantes, cera, combustible de refinera y prdida
Gasolinas
Destilados medios
Fuel oil
Otros*
Millones de toneladas
Consumo mundial por categoras de productos derivados del petrleo 1972-2000
Gr6
271410715929
264311436000
264311436000
278612866357
292912866571
300013576714
300014006829
292913576786
285713146714
271414296643
274313716714
278614297114
278615007257
288615437400
292916437643
297117437857
300018298000
302918577857
307119007886
302919717857
314318577929
314319298000
328618868171
328620008429
331420868514
331421148500
342921438543
357122148743
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Petrleo
Gas natural
Energa primaria total
Millones de toneladas
Consumo mundial de energa 1973-2000
Gr7
-1.270.72
-1.270.21
6.155.64
3.183.18
3.243.32
21.5
-3.79-1.19
-3.53-0.82
-3.38-0.51
-0.861.23
1.744.31
-0.452.46
2.972.56
1.63.08
2.973.28
1.482
1.13-2
-0.060.1
0.920.21
-0.980.41
1.851.13
1.232
2.423.32
2.150.51
0.14-0.06
2.150.62
1.192.56
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Petrleo
Energa primaria total
%
Cambio anuales en la demanda de petrleo y en la demanda total de energa 1974-2000
Gr8a
304196159156
293207137141
296193133148
322204148148
326222163148
341233159156
315233156167
296215137148
296193122130
29618593137
29618581141
29620485144
29621574137
31520493137
33320485148
33322293152
33022270156
33322670148
32623063152
33322670156
33023763156
34125256167
35224156163
35225956178
35227044185
36326756185
37027848185
37828956174
*Otros: gas de refinera, LPG, solventes, coque de petrleo, lubricantes, cera, combustible de refinera y prdida.
Gasolinas
Destilados medios
Fuel oil
Otros*
Millones de toneladas
Demanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: Estados Unidos
Gr8b
115263270100
11923324896
11922224481
13024125281
11925923393
14125922289
141263226104
14123021589
119233185100
130211170100
11522615985
130222130104
13022212281
14123011996
14823012293
15624411181
156244100100
178274141119
185278133115
185278133137
178285130130
178285130133
185296130130
181307133137
185315126133
193322119141
185330115144
178341141111
*Otros: gas de refinera, LPG, solventes, coque de petrleo, lubricantes, cera, combustible de refinera y prdida.**Desde 1980, incluyendo Europa del Este
Gasolinas
Destilados medios
Fuel oil
Otros*
Millones de toneladas
Demanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: Europa Occidental**
Gr8c
456113332
405312548
405312521
435612835
485312540
485913129
485912832
40699635
40618540
37697235
40617235
40677537
45675343
48725313
48646137
48806435
53697543
53805340
59886740
53936743
53936153
591015961
67935951
671046927
591154548
67935143
591074840
72934848
*Otros: gas de refinera, LPG, solventes, coque de petrleo, lubricantes, cera, combustible de refinera y prdida.
Gasolinas
Destilados medios
Fuel Oil
Otros*
Millones de toneladas
Demanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: Japn
Gr8d
9914917362
11216116162
11217314974
12417316137
11919118179
12419818674
13619820679
13621121874
13621121187
13621621887
144216198107
14924818692
15426317399
154268173104
161273181109
168278198124
173322193129
218339273149
223359273149
235379278161
248396285173
260414297193
273446317178
285471322198
297501337208
317496315223
322520322223
327553305228
*Otros: gas de refinera, LPG, solventes, coque de petrleo, lubricantes, cera, combustible de refinera y prdida.
Gasolinas
Destilados medios
Fuel Oil
Otros*
Millones de toneladas
Demanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: Resto del mundo
Gr9a
0000
3.324.75.6
6.21.95.24.8
10.9-0.1-0.65.6
9.1-1.2-0.78.5
5.81.24.87.8
6.50.44.57.1
7.51.54.76.1
11.31.42.55.9
13.41.9-0.57.1
10.28.61.67.6
6.28.7-2.19.9
3.27.63.99.6
4.47.86.17.5
3.66.43.37.3
26.52.87.1
3.84.63.15.1
45.33.95.5
4.86.12.65.3
5.44.60.75.6
6.56.6-0.96.8
3.13.32.67.5
332.16.8
2.64.63.46.1
2.86.11.95.5
2.95.42.45.4
2.36.13.84.9
1.66.84.24.5
2.25.844.2
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Tasa Prime real
ndice de inflacin
Crecimiento del PBI (%)
ndice de desempleo
Repercusiones econmicas en los Estados Unidos 1972-2000
Gr9b
0
40
230
-5
15
0
-10
100
0
-10
-15
-10
-5
-5
-40
30
-20
20
25
-20
-5
-10
-5
10
20
-10
-30
40
35
%
%
Incremento (real) del precio del petrleo del Mar del Norte 1972-2000
Gr10
6.37.5
6.28.4
6.16.9
7.38.5
8.99.2
8.38.3
8.59.6
6.810
5.910
5.16.6
55.3
5.54.9
5.13.6
6.25.3
6.64.5
7.45.3
85.4
87
7.68.9
7.89.1
8.69
98.9
99
9.69.1
10.29.2
10.89.3
10.98.6
11.29.2
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Importacin de petrleo de Estados Unidos
Produccin de Arabia Saudita
Millones de barriles por da
Importaciones de petrleo de los Estados Unidos y produccin de Arabia Saudita 1973-2000
Gr12a
322418
228177148
655438
221813
121
532
1379672
0.10.10.1
221610
211
242015
2000
1990
1980
Millones
Poblacin de OPEP 1980-2000
Gr12b
185776
308583
167258261
3413
161721
242329
689794
1799112
569387
9105
799
1980
1990
2000
Miles de millones de barriles
Reserva de petrleo de la OPEP
Gr12c
234121663132
178521952341
977668788927
468439805
193217272049
175613171390
13179072049
248820492502
143431463585
146314631317
87811711463
1980
1990
2000
Miles de barriles diarios
Produccin de petrleo de la OPEP 1980-2000
Gr13a
22.225.625
34.718.919.4
202.858.361.1
9.72.85.6
48.618.119.4
48.613.912.5
34.79.716.7
59.718.120.8
38.927.822.2
33.312.55.6
26.412.510.6
1980
1990
2000
Miles de millones de dlares 2001
Ingresos por petrleo de la OPEP 1980-2000
Gr13b
1.61.21
33.710.48.2
21.93.72.7
42.77.89.2
0.80.30
163.32.5
24.85.18.6
4.71.21
1.20.60.5
0.300
1.60.80.4
1980
1990
2000
Miles de dolares 2001
Ingresos por exportaciones de ptroleo per cpita de la OPEP1980-2000
Gr14
4.98.620.3
5.59.222.4
5.910.723.9
6.112.325.8
7.113.828.2
814.730.1
8.61632.5
9.616.835
10.419.338.3
12.321.541.5
7.430.146.1
15.426.448.5
17.827.651
20.330.755.3
19.629.555.3
1928.952.2
20.930.957.1
20.930.759.9
20.330.160.2
19.628.262.6
16.625.260.2
14.120.955.9
10.12052.8
10.417.853.4
9.817.854
9.816.653.8
11.118.456.1
1219.356.5
13.520.358.3
1521.959.6
14.723.360.8
14.524.260.2
15.425.260.2
1626.460.2
16.225.860.8
16.626.462
17.22763.9
17.828.265.3
18.728.666.9
18.427.665.3
19.628.268.2
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*Las naciones del Golfo Prsico son Bahrein, Irn, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Arabia Saudita y los Emiratos rabes Unidos
Golfo Prsico*
OPEP
Mundo
Millones de barriles por da
Oferta de petrleo del mundo, la OPEP y el Golfo 1960-2000
Gr15
8.980.78000.4900.491.46
9.560.98000.200.981.46
9.561.27000.3900.681.76
9.951.66000.200.881.95
9.951.95000.5901.071.56
10.242.34000.200.982.05
10.732.88000.101.412.24
11.612.93000.101.172.73
11.713.41000.290.21.462.63
12.23.41000.490.490.983.12
12.683.9000.780.21.173.71
12.494.29000.590.681.463.71
12.494.59000.680.781.763.9
12.25.27000.291.271.664.2
11.615.95000.491.461.464.39
10.936.830.0500.931.561.274.59
10.737.320.2901.171.761.174.39
10.737.80.9801.461.761.174.88
11.518.21.5601.171.951.464.88
11.228.491.760.11.851.951.764.88
11.229.071.460.681.951.951.465.17
11.229.071.950.292.631.951.175.37
11.418.882.150.782.631.951.275.56
11.419.072.240.682.732.151.465.85
11.519.172.540.682.932.151.376.73
11.718.592.630.982.632.541.377.12
11.518.982.440.982.442.441.467.61
11.228.782.730.982.632.731.377.61
10.549.462.441.172.342.831.468
9.959.071.951.462.732.631.468.29
9.768.291.951.662.542.931.668.49
9.767.611.951.662.932.631.768.78
9.275.461.851.952.932.931.4610.05
8.984.492.151.952.932.631.7610.05
8.783.92.442.442.732.831.7610.24
8.593.92.632.442.932.731.6611.22
8.294.22.342.932.932.931.9511.51
8.293.92.633.222.933.221.9511.71
8.293.92.443.122.933.511.9511.9
7.614.22.832.932.933.121.9512.68
7.84.392.632.933.223.411.9512.68
*Ecuador (retirado de la OPEP en 1992) y Canad (retirado en 1994) estn incluidos para todos los aos**1960-1991: Ex Unin Sovitica; 1992-2000: Rusia
Estados Unidos
Rusia**
Reino Unido
Noruega
Mxico
China
Canad
El resto
Millones de barriles por da
Oferta de petrleo no-OPEP* 1960-2000
Hoja1
GRAFICO 11GRAFICO 12aGRAFICO 12bGRAFICO 13bGRAFICO 2GRAFICO 14
Extraccin de petrleo per cpita de pases de OPEP de Oriente Medio 1970-2000Valor de la produccin de petrleo per cpita de pases de OPEP de Oriente Medio 1970-2000Consumo mundial por categoras de productos derivados del petrleo 1972-2000Consumo mundial de energa 1973-2000Incremento (real) del precio del petrleo del Mar del Norte 1972-2000Gastos militares de los pases de Oriente Medio miembros de la OPEP 1970-1999Poblacin de OPEP 1980-2000Reserva de petrleo de la OPEPIngresos por exportaciones de ptroleo per cpita de la OPEP 1980-2000Demanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: JapnDemanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: Resto del mundoLos precios mundiales del petrleo 1970-2000Poblacin de pases de la OPEP de Oriente Medio 1970-2000Repercusiones econmicas en los Estados Unidos 1972-2000Oferta de petrleo del mundo, la OPEP y el Golfo 1960-2000Consumo mundial de energa 1973-2000
Barriles por diaMiles de dlaresMillones de toneladasMillones de toneladas
AoIranIraqKuwaitQatarArabia SauditaEUAAoIranIraqKuwaitQatarArabia SauditaEUAAoGasolinasDestilados mediosFuel oilOtros*AoPetrleoGas NaturalEnerga primaria totalAo%AoIranIraqKuwaitArabia SauditaEUAAo198019902000Ao200019901980Ao200019901980AoGasolinasDestilados mediosFuel OilOtros*AoGasolinasDestilados mediosFuel OilOtros*Precio Brent por barrilNominalUS$ 2001Millones1970197519801985199019952000AoTasa Prime realndice de inflacinCrecimiento del PBI (%)ndice de desempleoAoGolfo Prsico*OPEPMundoAoPetrleoGas naturalEnerga primaria total
19700.100.104.003.300.903.4019701.808.206.004.008.0019725885886763247358858867619720703,3331,66701,8330Argelia182432Venezuela765718Venezuela1.01.21.67345611333273991491736219702.09.2Iran28.4332.6039.1247.1054.4058.9565.60720.00.00.00.0604.98.620.3732,7141,0715,929
19710.150.154.003.600.904.1019711.8011.209.003.0011.001973647618735324746476187351973407531,3333,5001,00019,0000Indonesia148177228EUA838530EUA8.210.433.774405312548741121611616219722.812.0Iraq9.3611.0213.0115.3218.0820.7822.60733.32.04.75.6615.59.222.4742,6431,1436,000
19720.150.253.703.701.003.9019722.0010.0010.004.0012.001974618588706382756185887061974230808,6675,6672,33342,1672,667Iran385465Arabia Saudita261258167Arabia Saudita2.73.721.9754053125217511217314974197411.039.7Kuwait0.741.011.381.712.131.591.90746.21.95.24.8625.910.723.9752,6431,1436,000
19730.150.253.204.001.204.3019732.0010.0010.005.0013.001975588618618324765886186181975-58523,50020,0002,83327,6673,333Iraq131822Qatar1343Qatar9.27.842.7764356128357612417316137197612.840.0Qatar0.110.170.230.360.490.660.707510.9-0.1-0.65.6636.112.325.8762,7861,2866,357
19740.150.252.603.201.103.9019742.004.0030.0040.0017.0047.00197658870670632477588706706197615904,16711,33317,33341,6673,667Kuwait121Nigeria211716Nigeria0.00.30.8774853125407711919118179197813.937.9Arabia Saudita5.757.259.3712.3815.8018.9822.00769.1-1.2-0.78.5647.113.828.2772,9291,2866,571
19750.150.252.002.601.003.4019752.002.0026.0030.0012.0041.0019776476767063537864767670619770954,8331,6674,00019,5002,500Libia235Libia292324Libia2.53.316.0784859131297812419818674198035.075.5EUA0.220.511.041.381.842.342.30775.81.24.87.8658.014.730.1783,0001,3576,714
19760.150.202.052.801.103.2019761.004.0025.0035.0015.0040.001978676735676382796767356761978-10996,0002,0003,66723,6673,667Nigeria7296137Kuwait949768Kuwait8.65.124.8794859128327913619820679198233.361.3786.50.44.57.1668.616.032.5793,0001,4006,829
19770.150.151.802.301.102.9019772.001.9022.1030.0015.0035.001979647794647412806477946471979100Qatar000Iraq1129917Iraq1.01.24.780406996358013621121874198429.851.0797.51.54.76.1679.616.835.0802,9291,3576,786
19780.150.151.902.400.902.1019782.001.8022.7029.5010.0029.0019806187066763828161870667619800Arabia Saudita101622Iran879356Iran0.50.61.281406185408113621121187198614.423.48011.31.42.55.96810.419.338.3812,8571,3146,714
19790.100.301.902.401.002.0019790.503.2023.0028.3010.0025.001981559735588382825597355881981-10EUA112Indonesia5109Indonesia0.00.00.382376972358213621621887198814.822.38113.41.9-0.57.16912.321.541.5822,7141,4296,643
19800.250.952.201.101.5019802.001.7023.3028.009.0021.001982588676559324835886765591982-15Venezuela152024Argelia997Argelia0.40.81.6834061723583144216198107199023.732.28210.28.61.67.6707.430.146.1832,7431,3716,714
19810.200.601.601.001.3019813.6016.4037.0018.0030.001983603691471353846036914711983-1084406775378414924818692199219.424.5836.28.7-2.19.97115.426.448.5842,7861,4297,114
19820.200.401.200.601.0019823.6011.4030.009.0024.001984618824471382856188244711984-5GRAFICO 12cGRAFICO 13a85456753438515426317399199416.019.2843.27.63.99.67217.827.651.0852,7861,5007,257
19830.200.600.900.501.0019833.6014.4020.0010.0020.001985632809441382866328094411985-5Produccin de petrleo de la OPEP 1980-2000Ingresos por petrleo de la OPEP 1980-2000864872531386154268173104199620.823.6854.47.86.17.57320.330.755.3862,8861,5437,400
19840.200.601.200.400.9019843.6011.4021.005.0015.001986662824515382876628245151986-40874864613787161273181109199813.114.3863.66.43.37.37419.629.555.3872,9291,6437,643
19850.200.500.900.300.8019853.609.4013.004.0016.00198767685341247188676853412198730Miles de barriles diarios198019902000Miles de millones US$ 2001198019902000884880643588168278198124200024.525.3872.06.52.87.17519.028.952.2882,9711,7437,857
19860.200.800.800.500.8019863.6011.4013.006.0014.001988706882500441897068825001988-20Venezuela2,3412,1663,132Venezuela22.225.625.0895369754389173322193129883.84.63.15.17620.930.957.1893,0001,8298,000
19870.200.900.600.401.0019873.606.406.003.009.00198970691247150090706912471198920EUA1,7852,1952,341EUA34.718.919.4905380534090218339273149894.05.33.95.57720.930.759.9903,0291,8577,857
19880.220.780.800.400.9019883.506.508.002.0010.00199070694150050091706941500199025Arabia Saudita9,7766,8788,927Arabia Saudita202.858.361.1915988674091223359273149904.86.12.65.37820.330.160.2913,0711,9007,886
19890.250.850.900.401.0019893.505.504.002.008.001991735941529412927359415291991-20Qatar468439805Qatar9.72.85.6925393674392235379278161915.44.60.75.67919.628.262.6923,0291,9717,857
19900.220.480.700.501.2019903.503.507.004.009.00199276510005884719376510005881992-5Nigeria1,9321,7272,049Nigeria48.618.119.4935393615393248396285173926.56.6-0.96.88016.625.260.2933,1431,8577,929
19910.150.150.700.401.3019912.801.207.005.0014.00199379410005595009479410005591993-10Libia1,7561,3171,390Libia48.613.912.59459101596194260414297193933.13.32.67.58114.120.955.9943,1431,9298,000
19920.150.650.800.401.2019923.003.006.002.009.00199479410595595889579410595591994-5Kuwait1,3179072,049Kuwait34.79.716.7956793595195273446317178943.03.02.16.88210.120.052.8953,2861,8868,171
19930.151.050.900.400.9019933.007.006.003.007.0019958181124559559968181124559199510Iraq2,4882,0492,502Iraq59.718.120.89667104692796285471322198952.64.63.46.18310.417.853.4963,2862,0008,429
19940.151.051.000.301.0019943.005.003.003.005.0019968291171588559978291171588199620Iran1,4343,1463,585Iran38.927.822.29759115454897297501337208962.86.11.95.5849.817.854.0973,3142,0868,514
19950.151.150.800.400.9019953.008.004.003.006.00199788212065885599888212065881997-10Indonesia1,4631,4631,317Indonesia33.312.55.6986793514398317496315223972.95.42.45.4859.816.653.8983,3142,1148,500
19960.151.050.900.300.9019963.007.005.003.006.00199891212065295889991212065291998-30Argelia8781,1711,463Argelia26.412.510.69959107484099322520322223982.36.13.84.98611.118.456.1993,4292,1438,543
19970.150.950.900.400.8019973.009.007.003.008.0019999411235559588009411235559199940007293484800327553305228991.66.84.24.58712.019.356.5003,5712,2148,743
19980.201.001.000.400.9019983.005.006.001.005.0020009621274529618200035002.25.84.04.28813.520.358.3
19990.220.881.000.300.8019993.002.003.001.002.008915.021.959.6
20000.250.951.100.301.1020003.007.008.004.006.009014.723.360.8
9114.524.260.2
9215.425.260.2
9316.026.460.2
9416.225.860.8
9516.626.462.0
9617.227.063.9
9717.828.265.3
9818.728.666.9
9918.427.665.3
0019.628.268.2
GRAFICO 7GRAFICO 8aGRAFICO 8bGRAFICO 10GRAFICO 15
Cambio anuales en la demanda de petrleo y en la demanda total de energa 1974-2000Demanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: Estados UnidosDemanda de petrleo por producto 1973-2000: Europa Occidental**Importaciones de petrleo de los Estados Unidos y produccin de Arabia Saudita 1973-2000Oferta de petrleo no-OPEP* 1960-2000
AoPetrleoEnerga primaria totalAoGasolinasDestilados mediosFuel oilOtros*AoGasolinasDestilados mediosFuel oilOtros*AoImportacin de petrleo de Estados UnidosProduccin de Arabia SauditaAoEstados UnidosRusia**Reino UnidoNoruegaMxicoChinaCanadEl resto
74-1.270.721973304196159156197311526327010019736.37.519608.980.780.000.000.490.000.491.46
75-1.270.21197429320713714119741192332489619746.28.419619.560.980.000.000.200.000.981.46
766.155.64197529619313314819751192222448119756.16.919629.561.270.000.000.390.000.681.76
773.183.18197632220414814819761302412528119767.38.519639.951.660.000.000.200.000.881.95
783.243.32197732622216314819771192592339319778.99.219649.951.950.000.000.590.001.071.56
7921.5197834123315915619781412592228919788.38.3196510.242.340.000.000.200.000.982.05
80-3.79-1.191979315233156167197914126322610419798.59.6196610.732.880.000.000.100.001.412.24
81-3.53-0.82198029621513714819801412302158919806.810196711.612.930.000.000.100.001.172.73
82-3.38-0.511981296193122130198111923318510019815.910196811.713.410.000.000.290.201.462.63
83-0.861.23198229618593137198213021117010019825.16.6196912.203.410.000.000.490.490.983.12
841.744.31198329618581141198311522615985198355.3197012.683.900.000.000.780.201.173.71
85-0.452.46198429620485144198413022213010419845.54.9197112.494.290.000.000.590.681.463.71
862.972.5619852962157413719851302221228119855.13.6197212.494.590.000.000.680.781.763.90
871.63.0819863152049313719861412301199619866.25.3197312.205.270.000.000.291.271.664.20
882.973.2819873332048514819871482301229319876.64.5197411.615.950.000.000.491.461.464.39
891.48219883332229315219881562441118119887.45.3197510.936.830.050.000.931.561.274.59
901.13-21989330222701561989156244100100198985.4197610.737.320.290.001.171.761.174.39
91-0.060.11990333226701481990178274141119199087197710.737.800.980.001.461.761.174.88
920.920.21199132623063152199118527813311519917.68.9197811.518.201.560.001.171.951.464.88
93-0.980.41199233322670156199218527813313719927.89.1197911.228.491.760.101.851.951.764.88
941.851.13199333023763156199317828513013019938.69198011.229.071.460.681.951.951.465.17
951.2321994341252561671994178285130133199498.9198111.229.071.950.292.631.951.175.37
962.423.321995352241561631995185296130130199599198211.418.882.150.782.631.951.275.56
972.150.51199635225956178199618130713313719969.69.1198311.419.072.240.682.732.151.465.85
980.14-0.061997352270441851997185315126133199710.29.2198411.519.172.540.682.932.151.376.73
992.150.621998363267561851998193322119141199810.89.3198511.718.592.630.982.632.541.377.12
001.192.561999370278481851999185330115144199910.98.6198611.518.982.440.982.442.441.467.61
2000378289561742000178341141111200011.29.2198711.228.782.730.982.632.731.377.61
198810.549.462.441.172.342.831.468.00
19899.959.071.951.462.732.631.468.29
19909.768.291.951.662.542.931.668.49
19919.767.611.951.662.932.631.768.78
19929.275.461.851.952.932.931.4610.05
19938.984.492.151.952.932.631.7610.05
19948.783.902.442.442.732.831.7610.24
19958.593.902.632.442.932.731.6611.22
19968.294.202.342.932.932.931.9511.51
19978.293.902.633.222.933.221.9511.71
19988.293.902.443.122.933.511.9511.90
19997.614.202.832.932.933.121.9512.68
20007.804.392.632.933.223.411.9512.68
Hoja1
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Arabia Saudita
EUA
Mollones de dlares constantes
Hoja2
0000000
0000000
0000000
0000000
0000000
70
75
80
85
90
95
99
Millones de dlares constantes
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Qatar
Arabia Saudita
EUA
Millones
Poblacin de pases de la OPEP de Oriente Medio 1970-2000
28.4332.639.1247.154.458.9565.6
9.3611.0213.0115.3218.0820.7822.6
0.741.011.381.712.131.591.9
0.110.170.230.360.490.660.7
5.757.259.3712.3815.818.9822
0.220.511.041.381.842.342.3
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Millones
Poblacin de pases de la OPEP de Oriente Medio 1970-2000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Qatar
Arabia Saudita
EUA
Barriles por da
Extraccin de petrleo per cpita de pases de OPEP de Oriente Medio 1970-2000
41regla71.532.532.171.8
40grafico900909000090000
0.9756097561factor12.58741258742.76923076922803.7383177571253.4818941504
Importacin de petrleo de Estados Unidos25.825.4253036.5343528.224.52120.822.52125.527.230.5333331.532.235.5373739.54244.544.846XYXY
Produccin de Arabia Saudita59.13.551.504.51316.76.31.2-2.5-6-3.8-8.7-8.5-10.9-45.35.31.5-0.20-2-4-6.2-9.3-8Etiopa56.64156.6426.314.59.5
Fuel oil-13.3-18.3-12.7-18.2-21.5-17.2-22.5-25.4-26.7-13.5-8.5-7-2.2-8.5-5-8.2-8.6-13-20.7-21.4-21-20.8-20.5-20.7-21.1-21.2-18.5-20.2Tanzania94.41194.4137.387.513.5
Otros2.72.62.22.22.52.42.82.42.72.72.32.82.22.62.52.22.73.23.13.73.53.63.53.73.63.83.93Zaire76.78176.7869.236.125
Importacin de petrleo de Estados Unidos25.825.4253036.5343528.224.52120.822.52125.527.230.5333331.532.235.5373739.54244.544.846Togo477.06577.0660.3737.921.8
Produccin de Arabia Saudita30.834.528.535383439.541.241.227.322201521.718.52222.12936.837.53736.83737.53838.335.538Senegal730.07830.0783.085830
Fuel oil17.516.215.816.816.516.81715.814.513.813.51312.813.213.513.813.51616.116.1161616.516.816.917.11717.8India503.50603.50451.564012.5
Otros20.218.818191919.219.818.217.216.515.815.81515.8161616.219.219.219.819.519.62020.520.520.920.920.8Zambia692.31792.31263.13555.8
Ivory Coast767.83867.83339.06618.5
Ao1973197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000Egipto849.65949.65718.7567.522
Importacin de petrleo de Estados Unidos25.224.824.429.335.633.234.127.523.920.520.32220.524.926.529.832.232.230.731.434.636.136.138.54143.443.744.9China782.94882.94789.0662.224.5
Produccin de Arabia Saudita3033.727.834.137.133.238.540.240.226.621.519.514.621.21821.521.628.335.936.636.135.936.136.637.137.434.637.1Guatemala2372.88319.3810.87.8
Fuel oil17.115.815.416.416.116.416.615.414.113.513.212.712.512.913.213.513.215.615.715.715.615.616.116.416.516.716.617.4Morocco1788.14516.256.214.8
Otros19.718.317.618.518.518.719.317.816.816.115.415.414.615.415.615.615.818.718.719.31919.119.5202020.420.420.3Ecuador2334.75746.8810.523
Peru4686.44550.002916
AoEstados UnidosRusiaReino UnidoNoruegaMxicoChinaCanadEl restoAoEstados UnidosRusiaReino UnidoNoruegaMxicoChinaCanadEl restoEstados UnidosRusiaReino UnidoNoruegaMxicoChinaCanadEl restoBrazil6084.75845.314026.5
19608.980.780.000.000.490.000.491.46196090.8000.500.51.59.210101010.510.51112.5Mexico6148.311800.0040.52.8
19619.560.980.000.000.200.000.981.461961101000.2011.59.810.810.810.811111213.5Malaysia6720.342857.14456.5
19629.561.270.000.000.390.000.681.761962101.3000.400.71.89.811.111.111.111.511.512.214S. Africa5067.803857.143210
19639.951.660.000.000.200.000.881.951963101.7000.200.9210.211.911.911.912.112.11315Venezuela4584.754085.7128.210.8
19649.951.950.000.000.590.001.071.561964102000.601.11.610.212.212.212.212.812.813.915.5Hungary6618.644371.4344.211.8
196510.242.340.000.000.200.000.982.051965112.4000.2012.110.512.912.912.913.113.114.116.2Rusia5042.377142.8631.821.5
196610.732.880.000.000.100.001.412.241966112.95000.101.452.31113.9513.9513.9514.0514.0515.517.8S. Arabia8817.806285.7161.518.5
196711.612.930.000.000.100.001.172.73196711.93000.101.22.811.914.914.914.9151516.219Portugal10000.003428.5770.88.5
196811.713.410.000.000.290.201.462.631968123.5000.30.21.52.71215.515.515.515.81617.520.2Espaa23537.604657.1410.812.8
196912.203.410.000.000.490.490.983.12196912.53.5000.50.513.212.516161616.5171821.2Kuwait34066.853914.2919.210.2
197012.683.900.000.000.780.201.173.711970134000.80.21.23.81317171717.81819.223Italia38830.085142.862314.5
197112.494.290.000.000.590.681.463.71197112.84.4000.60.71.53.812.817.217.217.217.818.52023.8Francia45724.236142.8628.518
197212.494.590.000.000.680.781.763.90197212.84.7000.70.81.8412.817.517.517.518.21920.824.8Alemania48231.206428.5730.519
197312.205.270.000.000.291.271.664.20197312.55.4000.31.31.74.312.517.917.917.918.219.521.225.5Suecia46977.727000.0029.521
197411.615.950.000.000.491.461.464.39197411.96.1000.51.51.54.511.918181818.52021.526UK35320.336142.8620.218
197510.936.830.050.000.931.561.274.59197511.270.0500.951.61.34.711.218.218.2518.2519.220.822.126.8Japan59512.536085.7139.517.8
197610.737.320.290.001.171.761.174.391976117.50.301.21.81.24.51118.518.818.82021.82327.5Blgica34442.907571.4319.523
197710.737.800.980.001.461.761.174.881977118101.51.81.251119202021.523.324.529.5USA36573.828942.8621.227.8
197811.518.201.560.001.171.951.464.88197811.88.41.601.221.5511.820.221.821.8232526.531.5Canada50111.429000.003228
197911.228.491.760.101.851.951.764.88197911.58.71.80.11.921.8511.520.22222.1242627.832.8Qatar16518.1124579.445.25.2
198011.229.071.460.681.951.951.465.17198011.59.31.50.7221.55.311.520.822.323252728.533.8
198111.229.071.950.292.631.951.175.37198111.59.320.32.721.25.511.520.822.823.125.827.82934.5
198211.418.882.150.782.631.951.275.56198211.79.12.20.82.721.35.711.720.82323.826.528.529.835.5
198311.419.072.240.682.732.151.465.85198311.79.32.30.72.82.21.5611.72123.32426.82930.536.5
198411.519.172.540.682.932.151.376.73198411.89.42.60.732.21.46.911.821.223.824.527.529.731.138
198511.718.592.630.982.632.541.377.121985128.82.712.72.61.47.31220.823.524.527.229.831.238.5
198611.518.982.440.982.442.441.467.61198611.89.22.512.52.51.57.811.82123.524.52729.53138.8
198711.228.782.730.982.632.731.377.61198711.592.812.72.81.47.811.520.523.324.32729.831.239
198810.549.462.441.172.342.831.468.00198810.89.72.51.22.42.91.58.210.820.52324.226.629.53139.2
19899.959.071.951.462.732.631.468.29198910.29.321.52.82.71.58.510.219.521.52325.828.53038.5
19909.768.291.951.662.542.931.668.491990108.521.72.631.78.71018.520.522.224.827.829.538.2
19919.767.611.951.662.932.631.768.781991107.821.732.71.891017.819.821.524.527.22938
19929.275.461.851.952.932.931.4610.0519929.55.61.92331.510.39.515.11719222526.536.8
19938.984.492.151.952.932.631.7610.0519939.24.62.2232.71.810.39.213.816182123.725.535.8
19948.783.902.442.442.732.831.7610.241994942.52.52.82.91.810.591315.51820.823.725.536
19958.593.902.632.442.932.731.6611.2219958.842.72.532.81.711.58.812.815.5182123.825.537
19968.294.202.342.932.932.931.9511.5119968.54.32.4333211.88.512.815.218.221.224.226.238
19978.293.902.633.222.933.221.9511.7119978.542.73.333.32128.512.515.218.521.524.826.838.8
19988.293.902.443.122.933.511.9511.9019988.542.53.233.6212.28.512.51518.221.224.826.839
19997.614.202.832.932.933.121.9512.6819997.84.32.9333.22137.812.115182124.226.239.2
20007.804.392.632.933.223.411.9512.68200084.52.733.33.5213812.515.218.221.5252740
8.980.78000.4900.491.46
9.560.98000.200.981.46
9.561.27000.3900.681.76
9.951.66000.200.881.95
9.951.95000.5901.071.56
10.242.34000.200.982.05
10.732.88000.101.412.24
11.612.93000.101.172.73
11.713.41000.290.21.462.63
12.23.41000.490.490.983.12
12.683.9000.780.21.173.71
12.494.29000.590.681.463.71
12.494.59000.680.781.763.9
12.25.27000.291.271.664.2
11.615.95000.491.461.464.39
10.936.830.0500.931.561.274.59
10.737.320.2901.171.761.174.39
10.737.80.9801.461.761.174.88
11.518.21.5601.171.951.464.88
11.228.491.760.11.851.951.764.88
11.229.071.460.681.951.951.465.17
11.229.071.950.292.631.951.175.37
11.418.882.150.782.631.951.275.56
11.419.072.240.682.732.151.465.85
11.519.172.540.682.932.151.376.73
11.718.592.630.982.632.541.377.12
11.518.982.440.982.442.441.467.61
11.228.782.730.982.632.731.377.61
10.549.462.441.172.342.831.468
9.959.071.951.462.732.631.468.29
9.768.291.951.662.542.931.668.49
9.767.611.951.662.932.631.768.78
9.275.461.851.952.932.931.4610.05
8.984.492.151.952.932.631.7610.05
8.783.92.442.442.732.831.7610.24
8.593.92.632.442.932.731.6611.22
8.294.22.342.932.932.931.9511.51
8.293.92.633.222.933.221.9511.71
8.293.92.443.122.933.511.9511.9
7.614.22.832.932.933.121.9512.68
7.84.392.632.933.223.411.9512.68
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GNP $/head
Energy consumption Koe/head
Consumo Per Capita de Gas NaturalFuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2004Toneladas de petrleo equivalente
Consumo Per Capita de Hidrocarburos Lquidos 2003Fuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2004
AgendaDefiniciones y TerminologiaDefiniciones importantesTerminologia y Unidades de ConversinProductos Comerciales
Matriz energticaMatiz energtica mundialMatriz Regional y NacionalConsumo de energia y desarrollo economico
Mercado de la EnergaEras EnergeticasRealidadesEl Per como pais energtico
Naturaleza del negocio del Gas NaturalPrecios libres en el UpstreamPrecios Regulados en el Downstream
El Mercado de la EnergaSiglo XIX Oferta de Carbon Revolucin Industrial Siglo XX Oferta de Electricidad y Petrleo Revolucin Industrial ( siguientes estadios)
Siglo XXI Oferta de Electricidad y Gas Natural
El Mercado de la EnergaLa Revolucin industrial fue esencialmente el reemplazo del poder muscular de los hombres y los animales por el poder de los fsiles.
El crecimiento econmico es en gran medida sinnimo de una mayor utilizacin de energa, por lo general a precios reales decrecientes.
Siglo XIX Carbn
Siglo XX Petrleo
Siglo XXI Gas Natural
Siglo XXII Hidrogeno?Eras Energticas
Del carbn al hidrgeno...Eras Energticas
La Lea C/H =10 El CarbnC/H=1Petrleo C/H=0.5Del Pasado al FuturoGas Natural C/H=0.25HidrogenoC/H = 0
100
80
60
40
20
0
Porcentaje (%) 1850 1900 1950 2000Eras Energticas
Costos de Produccin de Energia
El gas natural es la fuente de energa de mas xito en la actualidad.
De todos los combustibles fsiles el metano (CH4 90%) tiene la relacion mas alta entre hidrogeno y carbono y en teoria resulta el combustible ideal sobre el cual se puede desarrollar una limpia y eficiente economia energetica
Los grandes descubrimientos de gas se han dado mayormente en lugares alejados (Rusia, Australia, frica, Medio Oriente, Bolivia) de los centros de consumo (Japn, Europa, USA)
Gas natural tiene una baja relacin energa densidad (Tranportar 1 bep en gas natural de S. Cruz a San Pablo, consume la misma cantidad de energia que trasladar 1 bep de petroleo convencional, por oceano dos veces alrededor de la tierra)
Reducir el costo de transportar el gas natural es por tanto el objetivo del siglo XXI mediante innovaciones tecnolgicas.Realidades
Convertir el gas natural en un commodity (azcar o petrleo)
LNG (Gas Natural Licuado)GTL (Gas a Lquidos para produccin de nafta, diesel, etc.)OLNG (Plataformas de perforacin, planta de separacin y LNG)
Materia prima inicial para generar hidrogeno que posiblemente ser el combustible del prximo siglo.
Gas natural combustible preferido en la combustin principalmente para generacin termoelctrica
80% del gas natural (metano) es utilizado para quemar en plantas termoelctricas, hornos, calderos y otros
Realidades
GRFICO DE RESERVAS DE GAS NATURAL EN EL MUNDO Fuente: Oil & Gas Journal 01.01.2005
Rusia : 1680 TCF
North Field Qatar : 450 TCF
Venezuela : 151 TCF
Trinidad & Tobago : 26 TCFReservas Probadas de Gas Natural. 01.01.2005 Per : 8.7 TCFFuente : Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 102, No. 47 (December 20, 2004)
8.0 TCF Mes 95.5 TCF Ao 1.885 TCF Mes 22.63 TCF Ao 0.15 TCF Mes 1.82 TCF Ao
CONSUMODE GAS NATURAL al 01.01.2003MEXICOUSAMUNDO
AgendaDefiniciones y TerminologiaDefiniciones importantesTerminologia y Unidades de ConversinProductos Comerciales
Matriz energticaMatiz energtica mundialMatriz Regional y NacionalConsumo de energia y desarrollo economico
Mercado de la EnergaEras EnergeticasRealidadesEl Per como pais energtico
Naturaleza del negocio del Gas NaturalPrecios libres en el UpstreamPrecios Regulados en el Downstream
Movimientos de Hidrocarburos Lquidos 2003Millones de ToneladasFuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2004
Comercio Internacional de Gas Natural 2003Billones de Metros CbicosFuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2004
Cadena de valor
Industria del gas natural.
Su naturaleza gaseosa, influencia en el transporte.Es un negocio rgido. No tiene la liquidez del petrleo El transporte a travs de ductos es la opcin mas econmica.El Comercio del gas natural tiene barreras limitadas a una distancia econmica.Tiene una estructura rgida, limitada a la capacidad de transporte Su diferencia con el negocio del petrleo. Precios.El Gas Natural. Un negocio regulado
Elasticidad de la Demanda del Gas Natural
Existe una elasticidad de la demanda del gas natural, cuyo grado depender de la categora del consumidor.
En el sector residencial los consumos de gas natural dependen del clima. Tambin de los precios de los substitutos como el GLP.
En el sector de los clientes industriales la elasticidad de la demanda al precio, depender de los precios del substitutos.
El Mercado del Gas NaturalEl Gas Natural No es un commodity.
El Gas No tiene un precio internacional. Depende del MERCADO y su uso final.
Es considerado un negocio de distancias cortas.
Es considerado un commodity local o un commodity regional.
Esta limitado a una Distancia econmica
Mercado SPOT del Gas NaturalEs el Mercado del gas natural regido por la Oferta y Demanda, cuyos precios varan da a da, momento a momento. Mercado de US (Henry Hub);Mercado Americano
Similar tendencia de volatilidad pero debajo del Precio SPOT del WTISources: Natural Gas Intelligence, EIAPRECIOS SPOT DEL GAS NATURAL EN USA
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6.57068965526.29
6.4758620696.29
6.51896551726.41
6.43793103456.27
6.256.13
6.13793103456.02
6.13793103456.02
6.36551724146.05
6.64827586215.96
6.61551724145.88
6.82068965526.16
6.75517241386.28
6.86.2
6.87931034485.89
6.7758620695.94
6.81896551725.84
7.06551724145.91
7.01724137935.93
7.08620689665.77
7.16379310345.75
7.04482758625.79
7.00517241385.91
7.15689655175.83
7.21034482765.98
7.14655172415.95
7.21206896555.89
7.38103448285.77
7.36034482765.93
7.53793103456.02
7.55689655175.86
7.60862068975.76
7.36724137935.7
7.65344827595.55
7.57758620695.43
7.73448275865.58
7.6741379315.77
7.71034482765.64
7.84827586215.48
8.03620689665.27
7.93448275865.35
8.06034482765.26
8.54482758625.35
8.38965517245.35
8.20689655175.4
7.93103448285.34
7.8758620695.22
7.55689655175.32
7.4241379315.2
7.43275862075.04
7.29655172415.04
7.28103448285.04
7.56724137935.03
7.59310344834.74
7.5758620694.33
7.44482758624.42
7.3741379314.69
7.67758620694.57
7.38620689664.58
7.56206896555.14
7.69310344835.15
7.55689655175.16
7.59137931034.82
7.86724137934.96
7.98793103455.22
8.12241379315.43
8.34655172415.59
8.33965517245.57
8.4241379315.41
8.54482758625.23
8.57931034485.45
8.53965517246.23
8.54482758626.43
8.64827586215.42
8.59482758625.72
8.80689655176.07
8.96206896556
9.06206896556.21
9.20689655175.64
9.255.69
9.22241379315.37
9.28620689665.39
9.42931034485.76
9.46379310345.65
9.23965517245.65
9.18620689666.12
9.47068965527.25
9.39827586217.38
9.6258620697.12
9.57241379317.76
9.71896551727.78
9.05517241388.12
8.78448275866.83
8.92758620696.44
8.63793103456.98
8.55172413796.88
8.7758620697.26
8.41379310347.41
8.56034482766.07
8.46551724146.64
8.17241379315.85
8.39655172416.12
8.18965517246.18
8.15517241385.89
8.09482758626.01
7.94827586216.57
8.07758620696.05
7.98275862075.58
8.43103448284.79
8.35862068975.25
8.40344827595.23
8.47241379314.95
8.57068965526.81
8.4758620696.79
7.85517241386.77
12/25/03$18.85
WTI Spot Price
Henry Hub Spot Price
Dollars per Million Btu
Sheet1
WTI Spot PriceNYMEX Natural Gas Settlement PriceHenry Hub Spot Price
1/2/023.6432.4652.57
1/3/023.5602.2682.5
1/4/023.7022.2752.36
1/7/023.6932.2722.31
1/8/023.5902.2812.38
1/9/023.5032.2282.321
1/10/023.5312.1852.32
1/11/023.3912.2042.31
1/14/023.2552.2502.32
1/15/023.2742.2912.37
1/16/023.2692.3942.39
1/17/023.1382.2542.4
1/18/023.1072.2362.29
1/21/022.29
1/22/023.1662.1062.19
1/23/023.2932.0762.11
1/24/023.3742.0482.13
1/25/023.4142.0372.04
1/28/023.4571.9082.02
1/29/023.3282.0061.98
1/30/023.2952.0802.08
1/31/023.3982.1382.14
2/1/023.5172.1382.2
2/4/023.4522.1172.18
2/5/023.4592.0742.2
2/6/023.4092.1012.14
2/7/023.4052.1502.16
2/8/023.4912.1912.2
2/11/023.6712.2862.21
2/12/023.5792.3052.39
2/13/023.6532.2452.37
2/14/023.6532.1862.27
2/15/023.7022.2062.18
2/18/022.18
2/19/023.5812.3972.31
2/20/023.5022.3852.43
2/21/023.5882.4252.39
2/22/023.6072.4492.4
2/25/023.4902.3072.4
2/26/023.6842.3882.45
2/27/023.6902.4272.48
2/28/023.7552.3572.48
3/1/023.8572.3592.49
3/4/023.8882.4882.68
3/5/023.9972.4672.63
3/6/024.0212.5662.52
3/7/024.0722.7562.72
3/8/024.1162.8002.81
3/11/024.2003.0212.9
3/12/024.2333.0182.93
3/13/024.1622.8702.96
3/14/024.2212.9242.79
3/15/024.2193.0762.99
3/18/024.3163.3053.16
3/19/024.3143.2563.33
3/20/024.2973.4313.3
3/21/024.4383.1113.19
3/22/024.4073.3263.54
3/25/024.4293.4573.45
3/26/024.4403.4723.59
3/27/024.4473.2903.38
3/28/024.5193.2833.19
4/1/024.6243.5313.42
4/2/024.7843.6543.72
4/3/024.7503.5063.68
4/4/024.5933.3333.56
4/5/024.5193.2753.31
4/8/024.5103.3273.36
4/9/024.3883.2013.25
4/10/024.5093.1843.25
4/11/024.2983.1033.14
4/12/024.0533.1253.08
4/15/024.2293.4303.27
4/16/024.2973.2943.43
4/17/024.4723.4773.4
4/18/024.4623.4853.51
4/19/024.5573.5273.4
4/22/024.5313.5963.58
4/23/024.5313.5913.63
4/24/024.5313.4193.53
4/25/024.5453.2953.47
4/26/024.6763.3193.32
4/29/024.7333.5613.44
4/30/024.7103.7953.65
5/1/024.5833.7353.79
5/2/024.5363.6843.65
5/3/024.6123.7453.71
5/6/024.5023.5953.61
5/7/024.6193.6733.49
5/8/024.7863.7463.74
5/9/024.7903.7193.72
5/10/024.8143.7493.71
5/13/024.9343.7833.61
5/14/025.0293.8553.75
5/15/024.8573.6403.62
5/16/024.8283.6093.44
5/17/024.8603.5983.42
5/20/024.8693.4903.44
5/21/024.7163.3953.33
5/22/024.6573.4593.38
5/23/024.5863.4383.38
5/24/024.6023.3473.22
5/27/023.22
5/28/024.3243.2803.21
5/29/024.4213.4203.29
5/30/024.2723.2223.34
5/31/024.3743.2173.15
6/3/024.3283.2423.18
6/4/024.3663.3283.3
6/5/024.3143.2603.28
6/6/024.2913.1823.2
6/7/024.2623.2043.11
6/10/024.1793.1353.14
6/11/024.1743.1323.1
6/12/024.2743.0573.14
6/13/024.4033.2113.03
6/14/024.4663.3423.12
6/17/024.4793.3773.34
6/18/024.3723.3123.23
6/19/024.4093.3143.23
6/20/024.4173.2163.29
6/21/024.3983.2373.17
6/24/024.5363.4303.33
6/25/024.4933.4493.49
6/26/024.5983.3533.42
6/27/024.6163.2363.23
6/28/024.6193.2453.2
7/1/024.6193.1923.27
7/2/024.6263.1453.17
7/3/024.6243.1423.1
7/4/023.1
7/5/024.6243.1
7/8/024.5072.9393.06
7/9/024.5102.9912.98
7/10/024.6092.8643.04
7/11/024.6572.8302.85
7/12/024.7382.7872.86
7/15/024.6952.7842.82
7/16/024.7722.8632.89
7/17/024.8072.8412.98
7/18/024.7412.9432.86
7/19/024.7982.9332.95
7/22/024.5882.9473.01
7/23/024.5882.8892.96
7/24/024.6173.0422.91
7/25/024.5982.9023.03
7/26/024.5782.9362.94
7/29/024.5762.9763.06
7/30/024.7292.8912.98
7/31/024.6592.9543.04
8/1/024.5712.8423.07
8/2/024.6332.8582.91
8/5/024.5782.6782.81
8/6/024.6862.7162.79
8/7/024.5832.6602.73
8/8/024.5982.7452.75
8/9/024.6332.7612.83
8/12/024.8002.9652.91
8/13/024.8882.9753.03
8/14/024.8602.9103.03
8/15/024.9983.1272.92
8/16/025.0413.1493.1
8/19/025.1483.2673.1
8/20/025.1933.1663.26
8/21/025.2363.2743.22
8/22/025.1913.5153.38
8/23/025.1713.4873.49
8/26/025.0403.6173.51
8/27/024.9723.4833.48
8/28/024.8813.2883.33
8/29/024.9713.2503.26
8/30/024.9953.2963.12
9/2/023.12
9/3/024.7863.1323.1
9/4/024.8763.1933.12
9/5/025.0103.3423.19
9/6/025.0883.2653.38
9/9/025.1383.3993.24
9/10/025.1073.3563.35
9/11/025.1333.2503.32
9/12/024.9913.3293.22
9/13/025.1433.4673.36
9/16/025.0243.5073.44
9/17/025.0143.6793.46
9/18/025.0983.7873.79
9/19/025.0843.8563.89
9/20/025.1123.7583.94
9/23/025.3193.9783.87
9/24/025.3093.7423.98
9/25/025.2913.4943.75
9/26/025.2263.6863.59
9/27/025.2644.0413.76
9/30/025.2744.1384.09
10/1/025.2954.0674.38
10/2/025.2744.1604.24
10/3/025.1263.7244.26
10/4/025.1123.7393.85
10/7/025.1123.7403.77
10/8/025.0973.8623.86
10/9/025.0533.9183.91
10/10/024.9933.8283.94
10/11/025.0624.1463.79
10/14/025.1834.3034.19
10/15/025.1264.2474.2
10/16/025.0484.2274.1
10/17/025.1054.2994.09
10/18/025.0974.2394.11
10/21/024.8814.1574.23
10/22/024.8164.1104.2
10/23/024.8604.2604.24
10/24/024.8054.1334.31
10/25/024.6714.0284.11
10/28/024.6984.1764.17
10/29/024.6224.1264.19
10/30/024.6294.3894.33
10/31/024.6864.1564.38
11/1/024.6624.0604.06
11/4/024.6363.8633.94
11/5/024.4933.8833.9
11/6/024.4343.8543.93
11/7/024.3723.8313.91
11/8/024.4533.9033.77
11/11/024.4863.7783.83
11/12/024.5163.8723.83
11/13/024.3593.8773.83
11/14/024.3793.8693.9
11/15/024.3973.9813.91
11/18/024.6054.2634.18
11/19/024.5534.2614.25
11/20/024.6554.2544.27
11/21/024.6674.3514.24
11/22/024.7814.2604.32
11/25/024.6574.2614.33
11/26/024.5864.1404.21
11/27/024.6334.2004.19
11/28/024.19
11/29/024.19
12/2/024.7024.3204.23
12/3/024.7144.2264.35
12/4/024.6214.2984.23
12/5/024.7024.4064.35
12/6/024.6604.3834.39
12/9/024.7054.3594.32
12/10/024.7814.6364.39
12/11/024.7404.7094.64
12/12/024.8625.0894.82
12/13/024.8955.2845.04
12/16/025.1985.3415.31
12/17/025.1795.2405.14
12/18/025.2435.2784.98
12/19/025.2715.0475.14
12/20/025.2715.1835.05
12/23/025.5335.1165.03
12/24/025.5405.1465.03
12/25/025.03
12/26/025.6224.9625
12/27/025.6344.9884.78
12/30/025.4164.8004.75
12/31/025.3814.7894.6
1/1/034.6
1/2/035.5125.2514.94
1/3/035.7345.3445.13
1/6/035.5674.9354.95
1/7/035.3795.1274.89
1/8/035.2865.1615.07
1/9/035.5095.3045.05
1/10/035.4475.1435.21
1/13/035.5315.2515.22
1/14/035.5905.1075.25
1/15/035.7295.4305.22
1/16/035.7905.6455.51
1/17/035.8415.5365.68
1/20/035.68
1/21/035.9695.4335.47
1/22/035.9175.6735.68
1/23/035.8455.4586.56
1/24/036.0315.5245.92
1/27/035.5915.3965.92
1/28/035.6385.4445.5
1/29/035.7835.6605.62
1/30/035.8245.5835.76
1/31/035.7785.6055.58
2/3/035.6625.7665.72
2/4/035.7955.7626.26
2/5/035.8475.6446.24
2/6/035.9245.8286.08
2/7/036.0436.0436.29
2/10/035.9415.8526.34
2/11/036.1095.9776.19
2/12/036.1785.7856.2
2/13/036.3165.7405.84
2/14/036.3125.8515.87
2/17/035.87
2/18/036.3595.9116.1
2/19/036.3836.1346.1
2/20/036.2846.1626.39
2/21/036.3386.6066.74
2/24/036.4299.13712.26
2/25/036.2179.57718.85
2/26/036.5459.13310.36
2/27/036.3507.4858.45
2/28/036.3388.10110.65
3/3/036.2247.1628.56
3/4/036.3717.0417.76
3/5/036.3557.0217.81
3/6/036.4166.8447.59
3/7/036.5106.9937.42
3/10/036.4106.5156.79
3/11/036.3475.9446.25
3/12/036.5295.8655.78
3/13/036.2165.3615.75
3/14/036.1055.4295.17
3/17/036.0215.5075.33
3/18/035.4405.3395.13
3/19/035.1745.2785.2
3/20/034.9345.3065.2
3/21/034.6865.1285.06
3/24/035.0885.2535.07
3/25/035.7625.0775.06
3/26/034.9505.0974.91
3/27/035.2265.1464.86
3/28/035.2095.1465.07
3/31/035.3695.0604.98
4/1/035.0835.1254.9
4/2/034.9225.0654.89
4/3/035.0094.9194.92
4/4/034.8984.9434.86
4/7/034.7865.1345
4/8/034.8225.1085.21
4/9/034.9885.1955.11
4/10/034.6905.4195.18
4/11/034.8765.4115.28
4/14/034.8985.5525.28
4/15/035.0795.6535.53
4/16/035.0285.6775.62
4/17/035.1905.7095.53
4/18/035.53
4/21/035.3035.7135.55
4/22/035.1595.6455.57
4/23/034.8345.5695.58
4/24/034.7455.4745.47
4/25/034.4695.4775.38
4/28/034.3535.1235.28
4/29/034.3665.2365.11
4/30/034.4985.3855.25
5/1/034.4915.2675.32
5/2/034.4385.2555.24
5/5/034.5575.6895.37
5/6/034.4225.5685.64
5/7/034.5245.6605.48
5/8/034.6455.7725.66
5/9/034.7675.8065.74
5/12/034.7145.9835.9
5/13/034.9166.3
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