Benjamin Blackburn
3. Conditional + Irregulars4. Present Perfect5. Past Perfect6. Present Perfect Irregulars7. Subjunctive Perfect8. Tanto y Tan9. Impersonal “Se”10. Saber vs. Conocer11. Los Mandatos12. Formal/Informal13. Affirmative Commands14. Negative Commands
15. Irregular Commands16. DOP and IOP 17. Nosotros Commands18. Mono Verbs19. Subjunctive20. Irregulars21. Trigger Phrases 22. Impersonal Expressions23. Expressions of Emotion24. Conjunctions of Time 25. Demonstrative Adjectives26. Demonstrative Pronouns
Words like would, could, and should.Gustar type words are often used with it.Endings
íaíasíaíamosíaisían
Irregulars
Caberyo cabría
Haberyo habría
Poderyo podría
Quereryo querría
Saberyo sabría
Poneryo pondría
Saliryo saldría
Teneryo tendría
Valeryo valdría
Veniryo vendría
Deciryo diría
Haceryo haría
Formed by combining “has” or “have” with the past participle.
Two verbs are required (Main and Auxiliary verb).
Haber
HeHasHaHemosHabéisHan
Combines the use of the auxiliary verb (had) with the past participle.
Also requires two verbs (Main and Auxiliary verb).
Use the imperfect tense with the past participle.
Haber
HabíaHabíasHabíaHabíamosHabíaisHabían
List of the Most Common Irregulars
Abrir (open) abiertoCubrir (cover) cubiertoEscribir (write) escritoMorir (die) muertoPoner (put) puestoSolver (solve) sueltoRomper (break) rotoVolver (return) vueltoSatisfacer (satisfy) satisfechoDecir (say / tell) dichoHacer (do / make) hechoVer (see) visto
Formed by using present subjunctive of helping verb with the past participle.
Example: I (have)….
Haber
Haya
Hayas
Haya
Hayamos
Hayáis
Hayan
Used to form comparisons of things with equal qualities using nouns.
tanto(-a,-os,-as) + noun + comoUsed to form comparisons of things with
equal qualities using adj. or adv.tan + adjective (adverb) + como
Put verbs in the 3rd person and have it follow “se”.
Se + 3rd person verb
Saber is used when you know a fact, to know something thoroughly, or to know how to do something.
Conocer is used when something learning a person, place, or thing.
Used to directly give someone an order.Can be
formal, informal, nosotros, affirmative or negative.
Formal Informal
Use the Ud. form for informal mandatos.Can be either affirmative or negative.
Use the tú form for formal mandatos.Can be either affirmative or negative.
Formal Informal
Same as present subjunctive.Take the yo form>>drop the o>> -ar verbs(-e), -er/-ir verbs(-a)
Just put the mandato in the tú form.
Formed the same as the Affirmative commands except you just put a “no” in the front.
Irregular Mandatos
Decir – di Salir – sal
Hacer – haz Ser – sé
Ir – ve Tener – ten
Poner - pon Venir - ven
DOP
MeTeLo/laNosOsLos/las
IOP
MeTeleNosOsLes
Placed before verb to answer who and what.
Placed before the verb to answer whom and for whom.
Command used when the speaker is involved.
Just add “no” before the verb.
(no) Lets + (verb)
Affirmative nosotros commands>> drop the finial “s” before adding pronouns.
To make it negative just add a “no” before.
(no)(verb)mos + nos = (verb)monos
The subjunctive is used to express everything except certainty and objectivity: Things like doubt, uncertainty, subjectivity.
Yo form of present indicative>>drop “o”>>add appropriate ending.
Ar
EEsEEmosEn
Er/Ir
AAsAAmosan
TVDISHES-car, -gar, -zar verbs
Estar
estéestésestéestemosestéisestén
Ir
VayaVayasVayaVayamosvayáisvayan
Ser
seaseasseaseamosseáissean
Saber
sepasepassepasepamossepáissepan
Esperar que… Insistir en que…Mandar que… Preferir que… Prohibir que… Querer que…Es aconsejable que…Es necesario que…Pedir que…Recomendar que…Rogar que…Sugerir que…
Expressions that introduce an aspect of uncertainty.
Trigger phrases
Es bueno que…Es difícil que…Es dudoso que…Es fácil que …Es fantástico que …Es importante que…Es imposible que …Es improbable que …Es incierto que …Es increíble que…
Es malo que …it's ( too) bad that Es mejor que … it's better that Es peor que … it's worse that Es preferible que … it's preferable that Es raro que … it's strange that Es triste que … it's sad that Es útil que … it's useful that Estar contento que … to be happy that Estar triste que … to be sad that Extrañarse que … to be amazed that Gustarse que … to like Más vale que … it's better that Sentir que … to regret, be sorry that Sorprenderse que … to be surprised that Temer que … to fear that Tener miedo que … to be afraid that
Así que… as soon asCuando… whenDespues de que… afterEn cuanto… as soon asHasta que… untilLuego que… as soon asTan pronto como… as soon as
An adjective that points out something.
Singular masculine
Plural masculine
Singular feminine
Plural feminine
este(this)ese(that)aquel(that)
estos(these)esos(those)aquellos(those)
Esta(these)esa(that)aquella(that)
estas(those)esas(that)aquellas(those)
Used to stand for nouns instead of modify them.
•aquellas (those)
Singular masculine
Plural masculine
Singular feminine
Plural feminine
Singularneuter
Éste(this)ése(that)aquél(that)
Éstos(these)ésos(those)aquéllos(those)
Ésta(this)ésa(that)Aquélla(that)
éstas(these)ésas(those)aquéllas(those)
Esto(this)eso(that)aquello(that)
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