Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria...

17
95 _ ) 33 ( ) 6 ( 2011 Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (33) No. (6) 2011 L. Urtica . * ) 28 / 6 / 2011 . 29 / 11 / 2011 ( Urtica L : Urtica hulensis Feinbr , Urtica urens L ., Urtica membranacea Poir وUrtica pilulifera L . U . hulensis ( Mouterde , 1983 ) , ( Post , 1933 ) . . ) 3 4 ( 12,4 . : , , . _ ) 33 ( ) 6 ( 2011 * .

Transcript of Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria...

Page 1: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

95

������� ��� ��� ������ ����� ���� ���� _ ��������������� ������ �����)33 ( ���)6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (33) No. (6) 2011

������ ��� ����� ��� ��!��"� ���� L. Urtica ��+,-�� ./�� �� 01– �����.

3��4 �!�!4 5���6 ��*

) �� �8� 9���28 /6 /2011 . 01 ����� ;�+29 / 11 / 2011(

∇∇∇∇ �<=�� ∇∇∇∇ �� ��� ���� �� ��� �� �� ���� ��� �Urtica L��� �:

Urtica hulensis Feinbr , Urtica urens L ., Urtica membranacea Poir و Urtica

pilulifera L .

� ���� !�" # � !�$U . hulensis ,!- ./0 1�23�40� �"� 2�� 56� !78 �� �9 �"�� � �/�� �: �� ( Mouterde , 1983 ) , ( Post , 1933 ) .

�� �F� �G� �9����: ���� �3��� ./0 23�40H3� ���$�� !-I� ��396$� 220� � �� ���� �JK��� �� �� � -6����� 3�L$�# -6��� 3�L$�� �JK� � � �6���.

�9� �� M�N4� !-I�� �9� - 3O� �"� 2��� ���$� �: P/Q�� �3�N �"� 2)3 R4 (�J � �T34� U V/�� P/Q�� �3�N QW Q"�4�12,4 � -9� 49� .

����!��� ��6��: �� P/Q �3�N ��� ��� ,��396 , �� �.

������� ��� ��� ������ ����� ���� ���� _ ��������������� ������ �����)33 ( ���)6 (2011

* ��� �@ 5���� ��4 ��+�������@ ������ ���6– ����� ����– ��+,-��– �����.

Page 2: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �:– �9 �". ."90

96

Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (33) No. (6) 2011

A Taxonomical Study of Some Species of Nettle

Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria

Dr. Afifa Issa*

(Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 )

∇∇∇∇ ABSTRACT ∇∇∇∇

The following four species of genus Urtica L. were collected and classified: Urtica

pilulifera L., Urtica membranacea poir., Urtica urerns L., Urtica hulensis Feinbr. The

species Urtica hulensis was recorded for the first time in the Syrian flora in this study

according to (Post, 1933); (Mouterde, 1983).

Species were classified depending on morphological characteristics of number of

leaves and form of stipules, female and male inflorescences, female and male flowers, and

seeds.

Pollen study of studied species was clarified as having globose shape and contain 3-4

pores, and the average diameter of pollen grain was 12.4µm.

Keywords: Urtica genus, Pollen grain, Stipules, Inflorescences.

*Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

Page 3: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

97

�� �� : ./0 !�L 3�� !L$� 6� �3"\� 2�40��6] �: �343���^403�� ^43��9N _/0� ^`��2� ^` , 39 �" �a4N4�

220 1� 9�- 1� 56� ��� b��2�� �03� �: !824 �4��� 13�3� 1� 2�� 2�4 �4�� �9`�6c��� �9�Q�� �9��$� ��6 �343��� ���� ��� �� ��3O�� �343���Urtica 34`9� �: ��9�Q !-I� ��9 M6�� .

�� ��49� �� �� �3/c� ���I .�d �6���Magnoliophyta = Angiospermea _��� �39��]3���Mgnoliopsida =Dictyledoneae ��29/9�3�3O�� _� �N4�Hamamelidae �39�� ��� ��4 � Urticales �9�� ��� �/9����Urticaceae )Cronquist,1981 ( [a9 ���� �6�80 0� 13 )1999Boulos, (

��9 39 �" �: 3O�5 ����)Mouterde,1983(�9� �2 �9�Q��� �9`�6c�� �9��$� ��6 �3�$� �� �# 9�-�� 6d !-K4 F� �$� F�"����ac�� 29L�-9/] M�N4 �4�� ^0��� Y���Urticine) ( � 3O4�" !�4 �394� �� �9�0 2���

)40 (%_3��� �L��� �� , �39�349:�)A,C ( , �92�� s7��� )[�9"34�� ,[�9"�3- ,[�99/9" ,292N ,b394�4(,t�� 3O��� �394� �� u3�"2 u349L �6��� M�N4 Lectin P4�49 M6�� ���8�[2�� �: -"/� �a:38, U3O4�7� #23a� ���8� �6�/� M 49\� �/84"��� P4�49�)�� `�� ./0 U 3�4( ,

(Kavalali et al,2003) �� ^:3��� ^W� �� ���� !��4"9�I/� 139�����2��� [L943�� �� ���3���� �, �/c� �� 3�- � ��� ���3���� !���� � 2d �: 299 x�6-� U3�0$� �2O9� [2�� Qca #239L �� !/�9� !3O"\� 2a 299 �6���

!�����Pa ��� 20 U9/N�� � 2�ٕ� M -"��)Kaileh et al ,2007 ( ; ) �� 8|� �9W ,1991 (� ) 29�N�� 2�0��� 8|�2007 (; Kan et al ,2009) . (

� ��� �3� # 3�0�_30 �� _W�� } 38�� �� [284"~4 �, �� IN�� �2�� �98�� F� N�� ��3�4 x�6- , 2-K9� �� �� b3�Q$�[O� �� ��� �c��� �33Q "�� ���� Y��� 9L38�� b�2 ���3�� �: ��N� ) �N9� ,1983 .(

��38� ���$� Y�� _39�� [284"4 �03��� �:�Urtica pilulifera L. F ���� !3�N��� �9"�� �03� �:#29��� �90��� ��6 ,��/�� a8� �3�� ^W� �� �� } 84"9�, ��/�� �� �3�� 5 �6� ��� , �3- �9L 5 �6� ���

�9�3���� # 3d �: [284"9)Kavalali et al , 2003 (; (Kaileh et al 2007) .

A1� B�� ����� ���B�: �� ��� ��38� �9 �"�� � �/�3� ��4O��� �3"� 2�� �/W� �943��� ���$3� 9�-�� 39 �" .] �d �� 13W7Q��

�9�Q�� ^49��� Q�� ���� �6� ��9�� _9 �4�� .�d �N��� _2O9 U3��� �6� ��� �99�4�� ^43-�� �9�/���� �9� �: ���� �6O� ���34�� ���$� Y�� _9�4 �: ���3"�� �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� , ���G� �9�4 s34� Pa��

�"� 2��� 3�J��� P/Q�� �3�N �"� 2� , 13��3" 39 �" �: ���� �6� � 29 [� ^� .�d # 3I\� P� .

C ���� ����� .D��/: ["W �38� �: �N��� b� �d [4 #39N�� [/0 �/9 3�- �943���:

1@ ����� : ��P�� �"� 2� �� �� ���� ��� �Urtica �9� # 4�� !78 �9W67�� ��Q� �: �-3�� #20 ��)5/2/2010 – 28/5/2011 ( , ) �N��1 �N�9 . (

Page 4: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �:– �9 �". ."90

98

U urens L.

U. membranacea Poir. (caudate Vahl . ) ( dubia Forsk)

U pilulifera L.,(Roman N.) U.hulensis Feinbr.

2R .D��/�� : FG�� R H!� ����� :�94�9 Q� ��N� �3"�$� �� �39��� ���:

• �/`3"�� ��9 Q�� : ��J� M�N4 �9-94"7� ����0 ��a �39��� �N4) F.A.A 90 !�N- !� +5 !� !�� �:+5 !8 Y�N !�. ( • ��� ��9 Q���:3 :[4� !�3-�3� �343��� � �� F � ./0 3O�a�2`� � .�d �/� [J ��38 ��3-� ��a

P���� �9 34� P���� �3-� 3O9/0 U4�- �W3�� 3O9/0 Pa��� �9�4 - �3N�� . ��I@ B ��� ��+� J�/�� ��� 0��=�� ;6��� ���� :

��9 Q 3��4� Acétolyse )( ErdtmanR1960 ( ��9 Q�) ."90� 2�2N ,2010.( FI�I– ��1��� ��,���� ��I�� ����. �2$� �N��� �: �/��4"� �4�� �� : O�� ,# �-� ,# Q"� ,�9 4�9/9� �W � , 9��4 � 9�3- !349�92 , � 9�3-

�O� �� U�"3N�3� !��4� O�� �"20 !-I�� 8� !92��CD2 . F����R ��!��"��� ���� �� : 3O9��4� �343��� _9�4 [4./0 23�40H3� �9�/��� P�� ��� �9�34�� :

(Post,1933) ,)Zohary , 1966( ,) (Jafri et al, 1979(,, (De langhe et al, 1983)

( Davis , 1978) , ( Rothmaler et al,1987) , (Gaussen et al,1982), (Motuerde,1983),

)Boulos ,1999 ( .

��"����� ���"!�� !":

�9�� ��� �/9��� .�d �� ��� �� ��49 Urticaceae [a4 �4��42 "� 13 �700 ,�� )Gaussen et al, 1982 ( �48 "� 13 �1050 0� 13 Boulos ,1999) ( [�3��� �: .

�N4 �� # ��� �� �9��N U3I0� 3O�� �/9��� 56� �343� L34�4�� 9�I , M23N� �3���� ���� #29N� # �L���`3J ���� M23N� �� �-"��� �-"��� , �9 �2��� �� �: 3�- .J8 ��-4 3� 1� 23Parietaria ��23�4� 3OW� ��

�/�3�4� �� ,�Q9"� ,� ��6�396 ,�9"�� �03� �: !824 �4�� b3N/�� _39�� 3O4343� Y�� �� } 84"9 , �: 2��4 ��"H 3��� �� �� 9�I �/9��� 56� �3�� Y�� ��6�� 38 L� :d 0 # I4��3��� b�L�� ./ , �� ��� �: 3�-

# I��� 3978 �: �9 �N �7�9�N , [-�� ��-49)M �L�� _7c�� (�9Q9N� �: Pa�44 ��/�� b� a8 �3�9 � P� � �� ,��N4/� �� �/�� , #2�2N� �� � �: 3�L$� !�N4) �9�9"Cymose (�39N$� U/]� �: ��� 4� , !3-I� 2��4 3�-

8� �92������ �9"9 ̀�� 7J� �� ��� �� � ) ��� � ,1982 (,)M�9N�� ��4�� �/Q� ,2002 . ( �c���� 22���= x 13 ,14 , 13a9��10,11 ,8 ,7 M�N4 P/Q�� �3�N�3 T34� U��J

)Gaussen et al, 1982 ( ,�4 U��J,1990) (Stuessy . ���� ����� !"��L. Urtica:

4343�^ ���� M23N� # ��� �� �9��N �9�I0 ,�-"��� M23N� , � 1� 233�� ��-9�-"��� �`3J , 3��$� I44 ��"7���3��� b�L�� ./0 ,��4�# I��� 3978 �: �9 �N �7�9�N 2, ��/a� F�"��)4 39��L P� �� �7a�( ,

Page 5: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

99

�I8 �a� �� �� �"� �:3N ��6 �/�3�4� F� �$� , �� �9� !-I��� 22��� �/48� ��N4/� �� # N �396� !�N4 8|�,�9Q�d �3"9K �� #2�2N� �9/�" �� � �: Pa�44 �� #29N� 3�L$� , M �L�� _7c��) [-�� ( _�K� ��4

�9 �L PQW, �9Q9N� �: ��4 �, 2+2 �� �� ��N4/� ��-4 2W�/, �9Q9N� �: �92"� P� � !�N4 # -6��� 3�L$� �7�"�� !�3�4) [-��( , # �L�� �44 20� �N44��� 9] # �L�� �: ����� _� Q� ^4N4 M�Q4 �3a�� Y9��/� J� 2��9

�� .�d P:24 #��� } 38P/Q�� �3�N J4� �444�, �� ��� �� �: �`��� �Q/8 9��4�� �$ ,)��/0, 2006( � )�a3���� �39���3� ,2010(.

�7�"�� Pa�44�99 �L �9Q9N� �: �JK��� 3�L$� �:� 4�Q���349� 38�� �3 � �949/8�2�� �� c�� � _��44M�/0 Y9�� �� ,#2N�� �/� - �� ��-�, �"9� !�N4 13`QH 13 # 9c� Q�98 !-I ./0 ) #3I :( , � #2N�� �a9�� M�N4

�9203W ��9I� ./0 ��9�4"�, � # �J��[-�3� Q3N4 �99- [`�2�� ,�9`�29�" �949L �6����, �� ��� �� [a980 0� 13 I4� 1� [�3��� �: )Boulos , 1999.(

C����� �6�� ������ ���� ��D���� �D"=��: �2���� ��24����� ��Q �� FQ3��� �: �9a $� # -�� �Q" ./0 �� ��� �� I49�9 , ���Q /� UN� ���

��� ��L�3� �9c�� U 4�� �: 29� !-I� ��9 �9a $�� �9���� ���� �6O� ��N��� �343��� �� , ��� x�6-� [�9"�3-��) �� 8|� �9W ,1991( ,)De langhe et al ,1983( ,��9��� !�N� # ��O��� �-3�$� �: ��9

539��� M 3�� �� U ��3�� �3W Q�� _��N�, FQ3��� �: I49� �34 � .4N �9/����� �9/O"��2500 [ ) 5K7�L� 29�N�� 2�0,2007 (�9 �"�� FQ3��� U/]� �: ^0��� Y�� I44 , U"N�)Post,1933 ( I49

U"N� �99Q"/�� �9 �"�� � �/�� �: ���� ��� �) (Mouterde,19832��9 �"�8�� �: ���� �93�/�� �9 �"�� � �/ !�2�)1( .

KD���� ��+�����:

3948� [4�"� 2/� PW��� #20 ,# ���� �9 W , �9Q�� [� ,�8 �4", �/��� ,�0� L�� �� I� F`�2N , 9N3I���� ,� F9 Q U"- �9W67�)���� � �� U�( , �/�)3N �9 W( , 3O� P���� ��� ��� ���34�� �"� 2��� ���$�Urtica

!�2��� �: �a�� �� 3�-)1(. 2W��`34�� L �� �� �3- ���� 2��� !9�"4 ./0 29-�4��U.hulensis 67�� �: # � !�$ �/� ��Q� �: �9W

-69 [� �9N ���3"�� �� �/�� �:(Mouterde,1983) �(Post,1933) , -6 �-��Mouterde �: 2���� ^��99Q"/�� � �/�� , �J7J 2��� ./0 29-�4�� [4 x�6-�!�2� � 8� ���� )1 (�9W67�� �: , �: 3�2��� .�d I9 [� �9N

�23"�� ����� 39 �" �: ���� �"�8 2��� 2-� �-�� �9W67�� �92�U. hulensis 5 -69 [� �9 �"�� � �/�� �:�93�/�� , -6 !�� U"N �99Q"/�� � �/�� �: 2���� ^) (Zohary,1966 , ����� U. membranacea -6� ^

�: 2���� � �/����93�/�, ���3"�� �3"� 2�� �� M� I4 [� �9N(Post,1933) � )(Mouterde,1983 52��� .�d39 �" �:./0 32�40� 292��� ���� _9��4� ��"�3�� � (Zohary,1966) �"� 2�� FQ3� �� �39��� P�� �� 3�- �

6 2�9 # � !�$� �9/N3"�� ��Q��� �: M�9N�� ��4�� �"� 2� ��"�3� # 9�- �9���, �u99 !�2��� �)1( �"� 2��� ���$� 3O��� �3-��.

Page 6: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �:– �9 �". ."90

100

;� ��� )1 (J���� �6�� ���� ��� �����

3O��� [4 �4�� ���$�. )5/2 /2010R 28/5 /

2011[(

�9W67�� �: P���� �3-�R t� 13�:�)MOUTERDE,1983(

U"N 39 �" �: P���� �3-�(MOUTERDE, 1983)

��:3N� ��a P���� �3-��9W67�� )2011(

U pilulifera L .

R �393�– U/N– ��9"3W !��

– �3�3I�� ���– �:3� ��. �� U"- �9W67�� F9 Q)� �� ��uH� (

– �8 �4" 9N3I��� �N

U.dubia (= U.caudata

U. membranacea

Poiret

R R �8 �4" �9 W

U. hulensis Feinbr . R R �/� ) 3N �9 W( U.. urens L

R _39��– U/N– ��N–

FI�2– �3� 9�0– �:3� �� �0� L�� �� I� F`�2N– �9Q�� [�

– 9N3I��� �NR # ����– !4I� �9 I4 ���3�–�8 �4"

����L� M"�:

U pilulifera L. )������ 0������ ( ���N �3� �� 29N��-"� 29N�, �0 4�� ��`3W F3"��, P� � 3O�Q��, �� 49 �3��� !�Q s

�9�100R200 ��� [" 5 3��� ���"7�� �3��� b�L�� ./0 �I8� # J34�, �Q9"� F� �$�, �/�3�4� ,�I8 �9�a9�, �a9 0, #203��� 20 # �4�� !-I�� �9�/W, �9J/J� �3"$�� �"� 3O4:3N�9� 3O��Q !-I��3 R6 [�, ����� #23N , ��6

��� 3W 3�� ,�� !��� !�Q� �W ��� F7�� !�Q� , P� � 2��9�396� O��Q #2�0 !- ./0 �9� 34 R 7 �9`3I] [� , # -6��� �� ��� } 84)�9 O�� ( �3�/� ./"�� 2���� Q3�| ��4 #2�0 !- �� �� �, �0 4� �7�" !-I ./0, # �L��

-6��� # [- �� _��44)M �L _7] ( �9Q9N� �:2+2� �4 �/�3���� [-�� PQW �� !�Q� 3OQ�98 �9Q9N� �: �92"�3O�, � ���!9�Q �� �I ��6 �9�24� �JK��� � ,F� �$� Q3�| �� } 84 )4 #2�0 !- �� (��� 2���� �: ��-4� �3�/� 39/

�9K !-I ./0)!-I�� �9� - (N�� # - !�N4 ��9�" !- #2 �9J- ��"H 3���� #3Qc�) 1339N� �7J 1� 23� �34 - ( �9� 3� QW8R 13 �JK�� # -6� �� � 3O� } 84 2���� Y��� [� ,�3�/� .Q"��� 2���� �: ��38�, # �J���99-�

�9�a9� , �9� 3O��Q2 R3 [�, [-�� !8�2 �"�c� F�3] �� 3O��, �L9 �� 9LN .4N) �N�/��2 � t�N 10. ( U. membranacea Poiret – U.caudata Vahl – U.dubia Forsk . @ 2 :

��I0 �3�, �-"� 29N� �� 29N� ���N ) 1339N� �-"� �`3J ( �9� ^��Q s�� 4910 – 120 F�"�� �["���4�, �0 4� �� �Q9"�, 39��L P� � ��6 ) P� � 3O�Q��(, � �a9 0 �9�a9� �N9� ��6 F� �$�9�/W ^�I, # �2�

#203��� 20, �� M�N4 �"�3R5 U3�0� ,�� ./0 # J34� ��"7�� 3��$��3� , ) 1339N� �I 8� 9] ( 2��9� �9� 3O��Q #2�0 !- ./0 F3"�3� �34��4/� �34965R 6 [�, 1339N� !�4 �/9�Q �9/�" # -6��� # ���.�d �� J-�

20 �3��� �: �9�/��� 2���� ./0 [", 4 �� �#2�0 !- ./0 ��� ��� .�"9� ��3 �� 2`��L�� ��" U6��� �� ���.�d Q# -6��� �� ��� !� ,a�� 3Oa�� U3� ���� � 3�L$� ��-4 13 � �9N3�� �� �9�/��)M� 2N�� U3� ��(� 3��

�3�/� ./"�� 2���� �: F� �$� Q3�| �� } 84: �JK��� �� ���, �9�3��� �� �� 2�0 �� x�6-��9/-I 68�4�, 17-I 9�24� 13 0�� 2����� !J� !"$� .�d 13 179�Q ^�I9 3O� �W� �-�� # -6��� �� ��� , # �J���99-� ,�Q�ca� �9�a9�,

# a8� b� �, Q �9� 3O��1 R 1,5 [� ) �N�/��3 � t�N11.(

Page 7: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

101

U . hulensis Feinbr. @ 3 ��� ��I0 �3� , �`3J �� �-"� M23N��-"�, �0 4� �� �Q9"� ��`3W F�"�� ,�9� ^��Q !�9

70 – 100 [" ,2���� 20 ��38� # 9L]� �/9�Q �I 8� 3���� .Qc�, �N9���)!��� (�9�a9� �9W ��� , �"��I8 ,#203��� 20 �9�/W ,!9�Q 98$� �"�� ����� 20 �W24"� [" � �� J-� , .�d 3O��Q !�912 3Oa 0� ["

����N8 [" , �� �W ��� !� !�Q� �3"� �W ��� F7���^� �W , 2��4� 3O� !- !�Q !�9 #2�0 !- ./0 �3496.�d 1.5 [" ,�9�a9� �`QH, �a9 0, #203��� 20 �9�/W ,�9�"W .�d ����� �: �a� ��, �� 9 � !�N9 -6��� �3���

�9J- # -6� 3�L$� , ��F� �$� �� �W , ��N� �JK��� �� ���� �3��� ./0 �� 1�2� # 9�W 29W30 !-I ./0 �K�� , 3�L$� �/9�Q 3���� .Qc� M �L�� [-��� # 9c� �JK���, # �J���99-� �9� 3O��Q1.5R 1.75 �399L4 3O9/0 [�

# 9c� �3�9/N !-I� ) �N�/��4R �N�12. ( 4@ L. U.urens:Small N. ) (��c"�� ������ :

���N ��I0 �3� �� 29N��-"� 29N�, ���4� F3"�� , �Q9"��� 39��L�� �903� !"$� �� �0 4� , �9� 3O��Q20–80 [" ,�/9/W� # 9c� ��"H 3��� �9/0 I44, �9�a9� F� �$�)d�9�/9/� ( �9� 3O��Q1.5 – 6 ["

�9� 3Oa 0�1 R 2.5 7J$� ��9�0� # I I� 3O:��N ["[ , �� �W� �W ��� F7�� !�Q!��� !�Q ,�$ �396 # 9c�4 !-I�� �9J/J� #2�0 !- ./0 , �9� 3O��Q2 – 3 ��2O� [� , �9� 3O��Q �9/�" # ���1.2 – 2 �� } 84 ["

F� �$� Q3�| ,F� �$� �� �W�� , 1�220 J-� # 98$�� �JK���� # -6��� 3�L$� !�N4 , !�N9 3O9: M �L�� [-��� 3��� 1� ��"H _� Q$� ./0, # �J���99-� ,���ca� !-I�� �9�a9� ,# a8� b3"/� , �9� 3O��Q1.5 – 2 [�

) �N�/��5R �N�13 . (

�� ;� �)2 (�� ���� ��� ����L����� ��� !"�� �B

�� 2��� ���� ���� �"� 2���

U.pilulifera L. U. membranacea

Poiret.

U. hulensis

Feinbr.

U.urens L .

�3��� !�Q 20 -200 سم 60- 10 سم 100 – 20 سم) 100- ( 50 – 20 سم

�W ��� !�Q 2 - 12 سم 8 – 1.5 سم 11 – 2 سم 9- 2 سم

�W ��� Y سم 8 – 4 سم 8 – 2 سم 7.5- 1.5 سم) 0 2 – 9 )-12

�W ��� !� �:3N #23N �"� �"� �I8 �"� �"4�� #292I 3��$� 2��� �9J-� �I8 �W 4� �/9/W �/9�Q ,�9J- �/9/W 1339N� ,# 9c�

�396$� 4 �9`3I] 2R 8 [�

2 # 9c� 4 – 5 [�

2 ���"�� �9�a9��9�L� .�d ����� �:

4 # 9c� 2 – 3 [�

# -6��� �� ��� �0 4� �/9�Q �7�9"2��0 !-I�

�/9�Q �7�9")�9 �( �7�9"F� �$� �� �W�

�Q/48� �7�9" 0 +0 F� �$� �� �W�

�JK��� �� ��� �9�24� �9� - �/9�Q +�92��0 # 9�W �92��0 �Q/48� �7�9" [-��)_7c�� M �L��)M�JH�( 3��$� 292I �4� ��� �9J- 5 3��� 3��$� !9/W

# �J�� �� �99-� ��/�� �9� �9�a9����H

�Q�ca� �99-� �99-��3499L4 3O9/0 �99-� �Q�ca�

# �J�� !�Q 2 – 3 [� 1 – 1.5 [� 1.5 – 1.75 [� 1.5 – 2 [�

Page 8: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �:– �9 �". ."90

102

����)1 (���� ��� ����L� ;6�� ����

Page 9: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

103

���� )2 (����� de�� U. pilulifera

Page 10: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �: – �9 �". ."90

104

���� )3 (����� de�� U. membranacea

�I�f� 5���

Page 11: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

105

���� )4 (����� de�� U. hulensis

Page 12: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �:– �9 �". ."90

106

���� )5 (����� de�� U. urens

Page 13: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

107

FI�I– ��,���� ��I�� ������1���: 2���99-d # �J�� �3- �"� 2��� ���$� !- 20, �9� 3�23��� �N�� 4�)2 R4 [�(, 3�23��� �N�� 4: �6��� 3��

�9�)1R3[� ( �399L4 2��9�I ./0���$� Y�� 20 # 9c� �3�9/N !- , M6�� [`�2�� M �L�� _7c�3� �Q3N� ��� 3��� !�N9 1� ���� U"N Lc4� !�4 ��"H ) !�2��3� �Na�� �6��� �39W)2 . ( F����– ���L� �����1������-�� :

�9� 38 �"�� .�d �� ��� �: 3��$� ��44L� :\� ,��L ��� s Q [49 M� 3� 13��3]� #L ��� 3978�� } 38 .�d�3��� �Q" ./0 �"�� 56� L93�44 ,# I��� �N4 �� # I��� 3978 !J� , #L ��� 5 3��� �� ����)��"7�� ( # I� ./0

�3���, #�3"��� 3O9Q�9 M6�� [�9"�3-�� �3�� -� U I� !�3Q4� ["� �� # ���� _��44� , !-I4� !"$� �: �44��� #203WM I��� �9"�� 3O� Q9N9 �4�� # ��, # ���� �� "-9: 3O4"�7� 20 3O9/0 Qca9�) �� _��49 M6���9/9"�� (^4�3"W U�"� ,!��� Y�N } 89:)HCOOH formic acid(, �9�34"O�� U- � x�6-�Histamin

\�� �9��- !94"Acetylcholin ��� ��3��� 2����� 56� U�"4� 13 W 3N 13 �3��� �"�7� 20 # I��� �9O4�, )�� 8|� U9Q8�� ,1991 (,; (Kavalali et al, 2003))(Kaileh et al, 2007 ) �N��6 ( .

����� 01 ���-�� ���L�U. hulensis ����� 01 .��� 3�4 ���L�U. pilulifera

����� �4 ���G 5���U. membranacea ���G 5��� ����� �4U. membranacea

���� )6 ( ���-�� ���L�

F��=@ J�/�� �� ���� : �– P/Q�� �3�N �9����: ��: 3O98"4� _9J-�� �9 �-�� Y�N� 3O4/�3�� 2�� P/Q�� �3�N �"� 2 �Na��

#2�� �`3� [3�N ��a )0.5 R 2 ( 3O� ��9W2 Q��� ��Pantoporate �Triporate �T34� U��J �J7J M�N4

Page 14: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �:– �9 �". ."90

108

U��J ��� � 339N�� , P/Q�� �3�N �Q"�UN�N4� �� �� M� Baculate ��Granulate :��44 �`34�� 56�� P� F �3"� 2)(Gaussen et al,1982 �,1990) Stuessy ( ) �N��7 ( .

U. urens X1000 U . hulensis X1000

U . membranacea X1000 U . pilulifera X1000

���� )7 (;6�� J�/�� �� ���� ��� ����L� 01

U R �� 38�� _7c�� �-3�"� P/Q�� �3�N 23���: 3QW� �39W 2��10 !-� M23��� O���� ./0 P/Q �3�N

�9� s�� 4� Q"�4��� U3"N [4 �"� 2� �9025 – 9,7 ) � -9� 13 ( !�2��3� �9�� �� 3�-)3 ( QW Q"�4� 3�� V/� 2�: ���G� ��N��2,41� -9� 13����N �c/�: �� 38�� _7c�� �-3�" 3�� �1 �� -9�) �N��7( .

;� ��� )3 ( J�/�� ��� �/+ de������k� ���� ���:

�� 2��� �3��� �� -9��3� P/Q�� ��N QW Q"�4� _� NH� M 39���� U . pilulifera L . 25 1,9 ±

U. membranacea Poiret 9,7 ±0,58

U .hulensis Feinbr . 12 ±0,6

U . urens L. 15 0,81±

Page 15: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

109

���� ��� ����� 0!��"��� l�!���: R �� �� ��� �# �4�� �9�/W 3O4203W �"� �I8 F� ���9�24� �9� - ��K !-I ./0 �JK� , # -6��� �� ���

F� �$� �� !�Q� , 2��9�� P� � #2�0 !- ./0 �9`3I] �396. ....................................................................................................... . .

U .pilulifera L.

R �$��9�a9� F� ,#203��� �: # �4��, �JK��� �� ��� �9/-I� 2��4 �/9�Q # -6��� �� ���!�Q�� F� �$� ��, 2��9 � #2�0 !- ./0 �34 9c� �3496 .

.................................................................................................... U. membranacea Poiret

R ��� �3���, !9�Q �W ��� �93O �: �"��� �"� F� �$�)1 [" ( 2��9�3496� �9� #2N���� !�Q)1R1,5( ����� 20 ���"�� �9�L� .�d.

......................................................................................................... U. hulensis Feinbr . ............................................

R �9�a9� F� �$�, �a� �� �"�, $� [7J��9�0 ,�� ��� �Q/48� �-�� F� �$� �� �W� 3�L$� �JK��� 1�220 J-� $� �� # -6��� 3�L .

....................................................................................................... ............................................. U. urens L .

�"����� �����G�:

�����G�: R 2��9���� # ��� ����� �-"� #29N� �� #29N� �9��N�� �-"� �9`3J �� #29N� . R ���� P��9 # � !�$U . hulensis #2 3��� �-3�$� �: 2��9� 39 �"� �9W67�� ��. R�d ����U. urens !- �: I4��-3�� ����� �"� 2��U. membranacea�: Q�: 2N�� �3-�. R �"� 2��� ���$� �: �JK���� # -6��� �� ��� !�Q� !-I �: _748� 2��9.

�"���� : R �923�4WH�� �9�Q�� ^49���� _9 �4��� ���� �6O� [3�4�H� U�9. R �� ��� �� �0� L U�9 � �L���� !��N�� �: ��Q �3� M�- ^� [3�4�H��. R���$� 56O� #2������ 2����� 9J�4 �"� 2� ����� �3"� 2 b� �d .

Page 16: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�� ��� �� ���� Y��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Urtica �9W67�� FQ3� Y�� �:– �9 �". ."90

110

J������: 1R M�9N�� ��4�� �/Q� .�943��� b39N$� ) KI� ���2�� # �L� � �`9��� � ( ���3��� �`9��� F: � )GEF ( [�$� ��3 �

\� #2N4����`3� )UNDB (2002 . �167. 2R U9Q8�� �� ,b3:� M2�2c� ,[3"4�� 2�N , 2�N� �3�9/" .�/���� bL��� �3��� [/0 , FI�2 ���3�1991

�284 . 3R �3"N � ��� . �6��� �3/c� , [�/��� �9/- U/N ���3�1982 ,478 . 4R �9� �� �39���3�,23�0 �a3��� . �43��� _9�4�� �39"3"�) !`3����943���(M ��� bL���, �9/- FI�2 ���3�

[�/���2010, 536. 5R 392 2�2N, �90 ."90. !�N�� �3"� ��� �99�4 �"� 2L. Plantago �9/�N�� �/9��� ��

Plantaginaceae �9W67�� �92� ��a – �9 �", �/�� �: I/� �/�W ��3�� ��N�/� �9 I4 ���3���� �3"� 2��� �9�/) �/"/" �9����9��� [�/��� (2010[ ,19 .

6R �9�� �N9� ,U3I0$3� M��24��, ���3"�� ���Q��, [/��� �2, �� 9�– �3��1983 ,559 . 7R 23�0 29�N�� 2�0 m�"�" [9-N �2�N� L9L��� 2�0 .�9 Q���� �9�Q�� �343��� �0� L�� �9/- �9 I4 ���3� �2007

[ .381. 8R .� M2 - �2�N� ��/0 ��3 .�43��� _9�4�� �39"3"� )�943��� !`3��� ( L��� �9/- U/N ���3� ��/���� b

[�/��� 2006 ,247. 9R L �9W ^9, 23�0 29�N�� 2�0 ,43: U93I�� � .�9 Q���� �9�Q�� �343��� , �0� L�� �9/- �9 I4 ���3�1991 ,500

. 10- BOULOS ,L . Flora of Egypt volum one (AZOLLACEAE –OXALIDACEAE )Al

Hadara publishing,Cairo,Egypt, 1999 . 373 .

11- CRONQUIST,A . An integrated system of classification of flowering plant.columbia

University press,N.Y.1881( in:classification of plant. AL SAHAR,F.K ,1981. 554 .

12- DAVIS , D.SC. Flora of Turkey university of Edinburgh at the university press volum .

six , 1978 . 825 .

13-DELANGHE,J-E DELVOSALLE,L؛DUVIGNEAUD,J؛LAMBINON,J؛VANDEN

BERGHEN,C Nouvelle flore de la Belgique,du Grand – Duche de Luxembourg , du

Nord de la France et des Regions voisines ( pteridophytes et sperrmatophytes).

Troisieme edition ,1983.1015.

14-ERDTMAN,G.The acetolysis method.Arevised description.Svenr.Bot.Tidskr.,5,561-

564,1960 . 1015 .

15-GAUSSEN,H؛LEROY.J-F؛OZENDA,P . Precis de botanique.TomeΙΙ-Vegetaux

superieurs.Masson.Paris,New york,Barcelone,Milan,Rio de Janeiro,1982. 578 .

16-JAFRI S.M.H ؛ EL- Gadi . A Flora of Libya AL fateh university N°.67, 1979 . 30

17- KAVALALI, G;TUNOEL,GOKSEL S,Hypoglycemic activity of Urtica pilulifera in

streptozotocin-diabetic rats j.Ethnopharmacology, 2003 241-245 .

18- KAILEH,M.WIM B. V.BOONE,E. Scree ining of indigenous Palestinian medcinal

plants for potential anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity.j. of Ethnopharmacology

Vol , 113,issue 3,Sep.2007 .510 – 516

Page 17: Urtica L. ˆ ˙ ˝˛ ˚ ˛˜ !˛ . – +,- ./˛ 01 · Urtica L. in some Regions of Lattakia, Syria Dr. Afifa Issa * (Received 28 / 6 / 2011. Accepted 29 / 11 / 2011 ) ∇∇∇∇

�9 I4 ���3� �/��� 2/���� �9����9��� [�/���)33 (22��� )6 (2011 Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series

111

19- KAN,Y . ORHAN , I . KOCA , V . OZCELIK , B . ASLAN , S. Fatty Acid profile and

Antimicrobial effect of the seed oils of Urtica Dioica and U.pilulifera Department of

pharmacognosy , Ankara , Turkey , 21-30- 2009 .

20- MOUTERDE,P . Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie, tom ΙΙΙ Beyrouth Dar el-

Machreq, 1983. 578 .

21-POST,G . Flora of Syria ,Palestine and Sinna. American Unversity of Beyrouth,

VolumΙΙ,1933. 928

22-ROTHMALER,W؛SCHAUBERT,R؛WERNER,K . Exkursionsflora,Volkund Wissen

volkseigener Verlog. Berlin,1987. 751.

23-STUESSY,F . Plant Taxonomy the Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data,

Columbia University prees New York, 1990.277- 276.

24- ZOHARY, M. Flora Palaestina Part one text Equisetaceae to Moringaceae 1966, 406