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Vamos trabalhar os tempos verbais da lngua inglesa. Lembre-se de que no h

possibilidade de se ter uma sentena sem verbo e sem sujeito, mesmo que inexistente.Exemplo: There is one song that says itneverrains in Southern California.

Lembre-se: no basta apenas saber a forma das estruturas gramaticais, mas o significadoe ouso delas tambm.

Simple Present

usado para:

y expressar aes habituais, frequentemente (ou no) repetidasExemplos:

One of my sister's chores is to feed the cat. She feeds the cat every day.

Do you everdo your shopping here?

My father hardly evergoes to a soccer stadium.

Idon'toften travelby bus. How about you?If you pay, the story rolls. If you don't, the story folds. (Stephen King, best-selling

author)Do politicians mean what they say?

Frequency words: ever = always, never, often = frequently, seldom = rarely, hardly ever

= almost never, sometimes, every day (month, year)

y expressar presente histrico, muito usado em textos de jornal / revistaExemplos da TIME Magazine - 7 de agosto, 2000:

The Concorde, an aviation icon, crashes as the pilots wage a desperate struggleThe White House plays a risky game at Camp David -. and loses. Yet peace hopes to

stay alive.

expressar aes futuras previstas em horrio estabelecido

Exemplo:

A: What time does your bus leave?

B: Itleaves at 9. There.s time for a cup of coffee.

y expressar verdades universais.Exemplos:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

Bees make honey.

Chickens lay eggs.

Ice melts if left in the sun.

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y deve ser usado tambm em .clauses. com if, when, as soon as, before, after (aforma ser presente, mas o sentido ser futuro.)

Exemplos:

I'll give the director your messageassoonashearrives.

I know Justin can do it. Ifhetries hard, he will succeed.

Present Progressive (Continuous)

usado para expressar uma ao momentnea. Para form-lo, use o presente do verbo

to be + -ing do verbo principal.

Exemplos:

A: Whatare you doinghere? Aren't you supposed to be at home now?

B: Iam workingon the financial report for tomorrow.s meeting.

Look! The flowers are dying.Don't disturb your brother. He'sstudyingfor the History test.

If your little sisterissleeping, don't wake her up.

Tambm pode ser usado para expressar a idia de que alguma coisa est sempre

acontecendo.

Exemplo:

I avoid talking to my neighbor. She isalways complainingabout life.

Tambm pode ser usado para expressar aes futuras, devidamente planejadas.

Exemplo:

A: When areyouleavingfor Seoul, South Korea?

B:I'm leavingtonight.

Present Perfect Tense

Para form-lo, use a forma presente de .have. como auxiliar (has, have) + o particpio

passado do verbo principal (has written, have done, hasn.t eaten, haven.t checked)

Basicamente, este importante tempo verbal na lngua inglesa descreve um fato passado

com conexo com o presente. geralmente associado aos seguintes advrbios: already,

yet, just, ever, never, lately = recently, so far = up to now, many times, e s preposies

since (marca o incio da ao) e for (indica a durao da ao).

Exemplos:

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Ihavealreadyfinisheddoing my Chemistry homework. I can now surf on the net.

Haveyouhaddinner yet?The (telephone) operatorhasnotarrivedyet. There.s no one to answer the phone.

I'venevertraveledby ship. It must be exciting!

A:Haveyoueverhadan arm broken?B: No, never. Thank God!

Haveyouseen the mayorlately?

Ihavenotheardfrom my friends who are studying abroadrecently.

Up to now Ihaverepliedthree e-mail messages only.

Believe it or not, a friend of mine hasseen "Ghost" five times.I arrived at school at 7. It's 9 o'clock now. Ihave been here fortwo hours.

Ihave been here since 7 o'clock.

Quando se quer enfatizar a continuidade da ao, o Present Perfect Progressive

(Continuous) usado. Para form-lo, voc deve usar have (has) been + ing form do

verbo principal.

Exemplos:

A: Your English is very good. How long have you been studying?

B: I've beenstudyingEnglish since I was 7 (years old).

I need to stand up and stretch a bit. I've beensittingfor two hours.

Simple Past

O simple past usado para indicar uma ao terminada, sem ligao com o presente,num tempo determinado. As mais frequentes expresses de tempo passado usadas so:

yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday, two days ago, last night, last

week, a week ago, in 1999, last summer, etc.

Quando se estuda o passado dos verbos em ingls, necessrio lembrar que h dois

grupos de verbos: os regulares e os irregulares. Para formar o passado e o particpio

passado dos verbos regulares, preciso acrescentar .ed ao infinitivo.

Exemplos:

to finish - finished / to enrich - enriched / to like -. liked / to stop - stopped

to copy - copied / to relieve - relieved / to ignore - ignored / to stay - stayed

Os verbos irregulares tm formas prprias para o passado e particpio passado e h

necessidade de prtica para seu domnio. importante lembrar tambm que essasformas, tanto do passado e particpio dos verbos regulares quanto irregulares nunca se

alteram.

Alguns exemplos de verbos irregulares frequentemente usados:

to begin - began - begun (comear)

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to break - broke -broken (quebrar)

to buy - bought - bought (comprar)to catch - caught -caught (pegar, agarrar)

to come - came - come (vir)to drink - drank - drunk (beber)

to eat - ate - eaten (comer)

to find - found - found (encontrar)to go - went - gone (ir)to know - knew - known (saber, conhecer)

to lose - lost - lost (perder)

to make - made - made (fazer)

to see - saw - seen (ver)

to sing - sang - sung (cantar)

to sleep - slept - slept (dormir)

to speak - spoke - spoken (falar)

to spend - spent - spent (gastar)

to understand - understood - understood (entender)

to write - wrote - written (escrever)

Exemplos:

The singers sangbeautifully last night. What a performance!

Ispoke to (with) Evelyn yesterday andgave her your message. I'm sure she'll get back

to you assoon as possible.

Didyousee the lawyer last week?

Shakespearewrote "Hamlet".(active voice) "Hamlet"waswritten by Shakespeare.

(passive voice)

On Fathers' Day we hadlunch out andate grilled fish.

Six people werekilledand dozens injuredafter protests against PresidentAlberto

Fujimori of Peru turnedviolent. (TIME . August 7, 2000)

Ididn'tunderstandwhat the teacher explained last class.

Past Progressive (Continuous)

Para form-lo, use was (I, he, she, it), were (you, we, they) + a forma de ing do verbo

principal (was doing, were sleeping).

O uso mais frequente do past continuous descrever um fato que estava acontecendo

quando um outro fato ocorreu.

Exemplos:

The phone wasringingwhen I came into the office.

Iwashavingdinner out when I got the good news of my promotion.

The workers werediggingthe ground when the explosion happened.

Um outro uso frequente do past progressive descrever duas aes que,

simultaneamente, estavam ocorrendo.

Exemplo:

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While my mom wasfixingbreakfast, Iwasmakingthe beds.

Past Perfect

Para form-lo, use had como verbo auxiliar + o particpio passado do verbo principal

(had done, had gone, had been, etc...)

O uso mais comum do past perfect descrever uma ao (passada) que ocorreu antes deoutra ao, tambm passada.

Exemplos:

When I arrived home, my parents hadalready had(eaten) dinner.

After Ihadwritten the letter, I asked the supervisor to sign it.

Simple Future

Para form-lo, use will (will + not = won.t) + o verbo principal.

Exemplos:

I'llcallAl as soon as possible.

If you do that again, you'llbe in trouble."I'llbe right back with you," said the salesperson.

A:Alma won'tcome to the party.B: What a shame!

Future Progressive (Continuous)

Para form-lo, use will be + forma de ing do verbo principal (will be studying, will beworking, etc...) Basicamente descreve uma ao que estar acontecendo num

determinado ponto futuro.

Exemplos:

A: Whatwillyou bedoingat 8 tonight?

B: I'llbehavingdinner.I won't be at home tonight. I'llberehearsingfor the play.

Future Perfect

Para form-lo, use will have + particpio passado do verbo principal (will have done,

will have finished, will have written, etc....)

Expressa um fato que, hoje, ainda futuro, mas que estar terminado num tempo

determinado.

Exemplos:

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Today is Monday. By Friday, Iwillhavefinishedreading this book.

I am leaving school now. By the time I arrive home, my motherwillhavealreadycooked lunch.

Leonardo will graduate in December. I will see him in January. By the time I see him,he willhavegraduatedfrom college