Reformas e auto-reformas da educação no Brasil

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Reformas e auto-reformas da educação no Brasil

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(Walter Franco, “Serra do Luar”)

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(VIÑAO FRAGO, 1994, p. 31. Grifo da autora)

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Reformas e auto-reformas

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(FIALA, 1995. Tradução da autora).

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4 de 17


j$'7&<$'P)&<"A*")$9'$<'%$;"%*+?$<'=*'&@?$.)*($)%&'H$=*)"&%'<*)'&<<$7"&=$<'aK@"A$'K@*[C'<*'7&)&7?*)"#$@'7$%$'Z%@=&+M&<'+&'H*)"(*)"&'=$'><?&=$\'DB:jvI9'3qq39'H/'32i.31eE/o<'%@+"7NH"$<9'*bH)*<<L$';"Q$)$<&'=$'H$=*)'A$7&A9'H$)'*<?&)*%'%&"<'H)Ub"%$<'=&<=*%&+=&<'=$<'7"=&=L$<9'7$+5"Q@)&%.<*'7$%$'?*))*+$'(F)?"A'a'"+$;&ML$'*9'H$)'"<<$%*<%$9')*H)*<*+?&%'*<H&M$'H)$HN7"$'&'*+<&"$<'+&'=")*ML$'=*'%@=&+M&<'H)*?*+="=&<H*A&'<$7"*=&=*'7";"A/'d&A'?*+=_+7"&'H$=*'<*)'%&"<'P*%'H*)7*P"=&'+$'<@)Q"%*+?$'=*'@%&A"?*)&?@)&'*<H*7"&A"#&=&'<$P)*'$'&<<@+?$9'7$%')*Q"<?)$<'=*'"%H$)?&+?*<'*<?@=$<'=*<=*'$"+N7"$'=&'=F7&=&'=*'+$;*+?&'=$'<F7@A$'ww'VlW/

o@?)$'&<H*7?$'&'7$+<"=*)&)'+*<?&'%&?F)"&'="#')*<H*"?$'&$'H)$?&Q$+"<%$'=&'*<7$A&'+$K@&=)$'=&<'H$AN?"7&<'*=@7&7"$+&"<'P)&<"A*")&<'7$+?*%H$)Y+*&</'d*+=$'<"=$H)&?"7&%*+?*'"Q+$)&=&<'H*A&<'"+"7"&?";&<'=*')*($)%&'=$'H&<<&=$9'&<'*<7$A&<'H&<<&%'&<*)'($7$'=*'&?*+ML$'=&<'"+"7"&?";&<'=*'%@=&+M&'&'H&)?")'=$<'&+$<'+$;*+?&'D8]>]!I912207E/'jL$'<*)"&'=*<H)$;"=$'=*'<*+?"=$'&5")%&)9'H$)?&+?$9'K@*'?&%PF%'&N'F'H$<<N;*A"=*+?"5"7&)'<"+&"<'=*'H)*<*+M&'=*'&@?$.)*($)%&</

G$'%*<%$'%$=$'7$%$'$7$))"=$'7$%'$<'%@+"7NH"$<9'?&%PF%'*%')*A&ML$'a<'*<7$A&<'FH$<<N;*A'"=*+?"5"7&)'+$'H&N<'$'<@)Q"%*+?$'=*'=";*)<$<'*<?@=$<'K@*'&H$+?&%'$'7&)C?*)"+$;&=$)'=*'"+"7"&?";&<')*&A"#&=&<'H$)'"+<?"?@"MJ*<'*<7$A&)*<'VeW/

t'"%H$)?&+?*'A*%P)&)'K@*9'7$%$'"+<?)@%*+?$'=*'-*Q*%$+"&9'&'*=@7&ML$'?*%'<"=$'&$A$+Q$'=&'-"<?U)"&'<*&)&'H&)&'$+=*'7$+;*)Q*%'"+?*)*<<*<'=*'%^A?"HA$<'&?$)*<'*'Q)@H$<<$7"&"<'$<'K@&"<9'<$P'7")7@+<?Y+7"&<'&<'%&"<'=";*)<&<9'H)$7@)&%'(&#*)';&A*)'<*@<"+?*)*<<*<'[@+?$'&$'&H&)&?$'*<?&?&A/'d&A'*A*%*+?$'=*;*'*<?&)'H)*<*+?*'+&')*5A*bL$'<$P)*$<'+*b$<'*+?)*')*($)%&'*'&@?$.)*($)%&/'G"5N7"A'="#*)'$+=*'@%'?*)%"+&'*'$'$@?)$'7$%*M&/

O&)&'5"+<'%*?$=$AUQ"7$<9';&A*'()"<&)'K@*'&'H)*<<L$'H*A&'"+$;&ML$'*'&'%@=&+M&'F'$*A*%*+?$'7$%@%'*+?)*'*<<*<'=$"<'%$;"%*+?$<'K@*9'*%';*)=&=*9'?_%'@%&'&)?"7@A&ML$%^?@&/'t'H*)?"+*+?*'$P<*);&)'K@*9'+*<?*'7&<$9'?&+?$'$'><?&=$'K@&+?$'&'<$7"*=&=*'7";"A<L$'&Q*+?*<'=*')*($)%&9'&"+=&'K@*9'7$+($)%*'&<'7")7@+<?Y+7"&<9'$<'"+?*)*<<*<=*(*+="=$<'H$)'@%'$@'$@?)$'+L$'<*[&%'$<'%*<%$</'I'=*H*+=*)'=$'A@Q&)'$+=*'7&=&'@%=*<<*<'&?$)*<'<*'*+7$+?)&9'<*@<'H$+?$<'=*';"<?&'H$=*%'?)&=@#").<*'*%'7$+5A"?$<'K@**;"=*+7"&%'"+?*)*<<*<'*'H)$[*?$<'="<?"+?$</']<?$'H$)K@*'&'A@?&'H*A$'H$=*)9'7$%$'[C'<*="<<*9'F'(&?$)'<@P[&7*+?*'&$<')*7A&%$<'*bH)*<<$<'H*A$<'<*Q%*+?$<'K@*'<*'(&#*%H)*<*+?*<'+&<'+*Q$7"&MJ*<'<$P)*'&<')*($)%&</

I'7$%H)**+<L$'=$'<"Q+"5"7&=$'=&'A@?&'H$AN?"7&'*+?)*'&<'="(*)*+?*<'*<(*)&<'=$'><?&=$'*'&<$7"*=&=*'7";"A')*K@*)'@%'*+?*+="%*+?$'&7*)7&'=&')*A&ML$'H$=*)'7*+?)&A'c'H$=*)'A$7&A/O&)&'%*A-$)'*+?*+=*)'*<?&'="+Y%"7&'F'$H$)?@+$'&H)$(@+=&)'&')*5A*bL$'<$P)*'$'?*%&/

Poder central e poder local

B$%*7*%$<'H$)'A*%P)&)'K@*'&';"<L$'=$'H$=*)'7*+?)&A'*bH)*<<&'@%'A@Q&)'=*'$+=*'<*';_&')*&A"=&=*/'I'H*)7*HML$'=$'H$=*)'A$7&A'=*A&'="(*)*'+L$'&H*+&<'H$)'@%&'K@*<?L$'=*H*)<H*7?";&9'%&<9'?&%PF%9'*9'<$P)*?@=$9'H$)'<*)'*<?&'@%&'<"?@&ML$'+&'K@&A'<*'"+<7)*;*'&="&AF?"7&'=$%"+&=$).=$%"+&=$/'G*<=*'&'7-*Q&=&'=$<'H)"%*")$<'H$)?@Q@*<*<9'&'-"<?U)"&=$'`)&<"A'F'H*)%*&=&'H*A$'*%P&?*'H$=*)'7*+?)&A'c'H$=*)'A$7&A/'B$%$'P*%'*bH)*<<&'&

5 de 17


B&)?&'=*'O*)$'8&#'=*'B&%"+-&'&'4@&'IA?*#&9'!*"'=*'O$)?@Q&A9'&'"%&Q*%'=$'H$=*)'7*+?)&A<$P)*'&'8'&&!.9&!*,:,*'*)&'=*'?*))"?U)"$'*'-&P"?&+?*<'&'7$+K@"<?&)'*'7$+;*)?*)'R'&AF%'=&H$<<*'=&<'?*))&<';*)=*[&+?*<'*'<@&<')"K@*#&<9'$'K@*'<*'K@*)"&'*)&'Z<&A;&)'*<?&'Q*+?*\'VgW/

6*%P)*%$<'K@*'Z*<?&'Q*+?*\')*<"<?"@'&'<*)'<&A;&'$'K@&+?$'H$=*/'s&<'&<'&)%&<'=*'@+<'*$@?)$<'?"+-&%'="(*)*+?*'H$=*)'=*'($Q$n'P*%'<&P*%$<'K@*%'($)&%'$<';*+7*=$)*<'=**+?L$'*'=*'=*H$"</'d&A'+&))&?";&'($"'*<7)"?&'7$%'&<';"=&<'=$<'-&P"?&+?*<'A$7&"<'K@*H*)*7*)&%'+$<'"+7$+?C;*"<'A*;&+?*<'=$'H&<<&=$/'vC9'H$)'7*)?$9'*H"<U="$<'%&"<'*'%*+$<7$+-*7"=$<'K@*'P*%'"A@<?)&%'&'?*+<L$'H*)%&+*+?*'*+?)*'$<'x=*'($)&y'*'$<'x=*'=*+?)$y9'$<x=*'7"%&y'*'$<'x=*'P&"b$y9'$<'=$'x7*+?)$y'*'$<'xA$7&"<y/

O&)&'7"?&)'*b*%HA$'7$+-*7"=$9'?$%*%$<'&']+7$+5"=_+7"&'s"+*")&'D3f0qE9'K@&+=$&+<*"$<'H$)'&@?$+$%"&'($)&%'A*;&=$<'a<'^A?"%&<'7$+<*KX_+7"&<'*'&"+=&'-$[*'<L$7*A*P)&=$<'*%'H)$<&'*';*)<$'+&'-*)U"7&'5"Q@)&'=*'d")&=*+?*<'*'=*'<*@<'7$%H&+-*")$<"+7$+5"=*+?*</'G$<'*b*%HA$<'%*+$<'7$+-*7"=$<9';&A*'A*%P)&)'&'$@<&=&'&;*+?@)&'=&]+<@))*"ML$'O*)+&%P@7&+&'D303fE'K@*'<*'=*<=$P)&'+&'B$+(*=*)&ML$'=$'>K@&=$)D301lE/'s&"<'=$'K@*'<"%HA*<'(&?$<'-"<?U)"7$<'*<<*<'<L$'%$%*+?$<'%&)7&+?*<'=&)*<"<?_+7"&'=&'<&+Q)*+?&'A@?&'?)&;&=&'*+?)*'$'H$=*)'A$7&A'*'$'H$=*)'7*+?)&A/'o<%$;"%*+?$<'<$7"&"<'A$7&"<'=*'*+?L$'+&=&'%&"<'*)&%'K@*'*+<&"$<'=*'&@?$.)*($)%&'+$7$+?*b?$'=*'@%'?*))"?U)"$'*%'P@<7&'=*'<@&'"=*+?"=&=*9'$+=*'&'H)UH)"&']+=*H*+=_+7"&($"'=*5A&Q)&=&'H$)'@%'H)N+7"H*'H$)?@Q@_</

h*"?&<'*<?&<'H)"%*")&<'&H)$b"%&MJ*<'&$'?*%&'$+=*'<*'H)$7@)$@'*bHA"7"?&)'K@*'$'H$=*)A$7&A'*'$'H$=*)'7*+?)&A'*bH)*<<&%'@%&')*A&ML$'H*)%*&=&'=*'7$+?)&="MJ*<9'F'$H$)?@+$*b&%"+&)'=*'($)%&'%&"<'=*?"=&'&';N+7@A$'*+?)*'H$=*)'A$7&A'*'*=@7&ML$/'o'H)Ub"%$?UH"7$'="<7@?*'&AQ@%&<'"=F"&<'*%'?$)+$'=$'&<<@+?$/

Poder local e educação

o'"+?*)*<<*'H*A$'H$=*)'A$7&A9'K@*<?L$'"+?*)="<7"HA"+&)'*'HA*+&'=*'&?@&A"=&=*'VfW9'A$+Q**<?C'=*'<*)'@%'?*%&'+$;$'+&'*=@7&ML$'P)&<"A*")&'Do6]8>]!I9'3qqqn's>j>z>49'1223nhI!]I9'122gE/'G@)&+?*'$<'?)_<'H)"%*")$<'<F7@A$<'=*'+$<<&'-"<?U)"&9'<$P'$'<"Q+$'=$'Q*<?$7$A$+"#&=$)9'$<'&+<*"$<'=*'&@?$+$%"&'H&)&'=*7"=")'$<'=*<?"+$<'=$<'-&P"?&+?*<'A$7&"<9($)&%'%&+?"=$<'<$P')NQ"=$'7$+?)$A*'=&'s*?)UH$A*/'h$"'&H*+&<'7$%'$'&=;*+?$'=$]%HF)"$9'*'[C'<$P'&'FQ"=*'=&'H)"%*")&'A*"'=*'*=@7&ML$'+&7"$+&A9'*%'301f9'K@*'<*'=*@H*)%"<<L$'H&)&'(&#*)'&5A$)&)'&<';$+?&=*<'A$7&"</'j*<<*'%*<%$'7$+?*b?$9'&?)&;F<'=$'I?$I="7"$+&A'=*'30il'7$+7*=*@.<*'a<'BY%&)&<'s@+"7"H&"<'&'&?)"P@"ML$'=*'A*Q"<A&)'<$P)*%&?F)"&<'*=@7&7"$+&"</

!*;*<?"+=$.<*'=$')U?@A$'7*+?)&A"#&ML$'c'=*<7*+?)&A"#&ML$9'$<'*%P&?*<'*+?)*'H$=*)7*+?)&A'*'H$=*)'A$7&A'%&)7&%9'7$%'*(*"?$9'&'-"<?U)"&'=&'H$AN?"7&'*=@7&7"$+&A'+$'`)&<"A9"+<7)*;*+=$.<*'7$%$'?*%&'=*7"<";$'=*'<@&'?)&[*?U)"&/'j$'<F7@A$'ww'($"'&<<@+?$'=*=*P&?*'H*)%&+*+?*'?&+?$'*+?)*'*=@7&=$)*<'7$+<*);&=$)*<'7$%$'A"P*)&"<9H)$?&Q$+"#&+=$'H$A_%"7&<'+&<'I<<*%PAF"&<'j&7"$+&"<'B$+<?"?@"+?*<9'H&)?"7@A&)%*+?*+$'7$+?*b?$'=&')*=*%$7)&?"#&ML$9'&HU<'$'5"%'=$'><?&=$'j$;$/

>%'H*)N$=$'%&"<')*7*+?*9'[C'+$'7$+?*b?$'=&'&P*)?@)&'=*%$7)C?"7&'<@P<*KX*+?*'a

6 de 17


="?&=@)&'%"A"?&)9'$'?*%&'F')*?$%&=$9'Q&+-&+=$'+$;&<'7$)*<'*'<@P<?Y+7"&/'B$%'$'&=;*+?$=&'B$+<?"?@"ML$'=*'3q00'*'=&'A*Q"<A&ML$'*=@7&7"$+&A'<@P<*KX*+?*'7)"&.<*'P&<*'[@)N="7&<$P)*'&'K@&A'<*'($)?&A*7*%'$<'&A"7*)7*<'=$'H$=*)'A$7&A'+$'7&%H$'*=@7&7"$+&A/'o<s@+"7NH"$<'H&<<&%'&'$(*)?&)'7$%'H)"$)"=&=*'$<'&+$<'"+"7"&"<'=*'*<7$A&)"#&ML$D*=@7&ML$'"+(&+?"A'*'*+<"+$'(@+=&%*+?&AE9'7&P*+=$'&$'><?&=$'&<<*Q@)&)'&'$(*)?&'=$*+<"+$'$P)"Q&?U)"$'D*+<"+$'(@+=&%*+?&AE'*'$(*)*7*)'7$%'H)"$)"=&=*'$'*+<"+$'%F="$/j*<?*'7$+?*b?$9'&'H)UH)"&'*<7$A&'H&<<&'&'?*)'"+7@%P_+7"&<'=*5"+"=&<'*'*bHA"7"?&=&</

d&A'&H&)&?$'A*Q&A'($)?&A*7*'?*+=_+7"&'K@*';"+-&'<*'*<P$M&+=$'-C'=F7&=&<9'K@&A'<*[&'&'=&=*<7*+?)&A"#&ML$'=$<'*+7&)Q$<'*=@7&7"$+&"<')*A&?";$<'a'*<7$A&)"=&=*'PC<"7&/'>%'$@?)&<H&A&;)&<9'&%HA"&.<*'$'H&H*A'=$'H$=*)'A$7&A'+$'K@*'<*')*(*)*'a'$(*)?&'=*'<*);"M$<'&$%*<%$'?*%H$'*%'K@*'<*'&?)"P@"'+$;&<')*<H$+<&P"A"=&=*<'a'*<7$A&/

h*"?&<'*<?&<'&H)$b"%&MJ*<9'7$%$')*7@)<$'&@b"A"&)'&'&+CA"<*'=&')*A&ML$'H$=*)'7*+?)&A'cH$=*)'A$7&A9'F'$H$)?@+$';"<@&A"#&)'$'%$;"%*+?$'&?F'&K@"'=*<7)"?$/'I'h"Q@)&'1'H)$7@)&<"+?*?"#&)'?&A'%$;"%*+?$9'<"?@&+=$.$'*%'?*)%$<'=*'*<(*)&<'=*'H$=*)'H$AN?"7$/

7 de 17


d&A'7$%$'+&'h"Q@)&'39'H)$7@)&.<*'&K@"'?)&=@#")'&?)&;F<'=*'@%&'"%&Q*%'&')*A&ML$'*+?)*&<'*<(*)&<'=$'O$=*)'O^PA"7$'*'H$AN?"7$'+L$'<L$'*<?&+K@*</'I$'7$+?)C)"$9'?_%'&)?"7@A&ML$)*7NH)$7&/'O$)'"<<$'%*<%$9'"=F"&<'=*')*($)%&'*'=*'&@?$.)*($)%&'Q*)&=&<'+@%&"+<?Y+7"&'H$=*%'<*)'="<<*%"+&=&<'H&)&'$@?)&/

t'$H$)?@+$'<@PA"+-&)'K@*'&'&%HA"&ML$'=*')*<H$+<&P"A"=&=*<'+$'Y%P"?$'=$'H$=*)'A$7&A+*%'<*%H)*'?*%'7$))*<H$+="=$'&'@%&'%&"$)'&@?$+$%"&'$@'%*<%$'')3$;'&)'-#'=$<&?$)*<'K@*'7")7@A&%'+*<?&'*<(*)&/'o'K@*'?*%'<"=$'$P<*);&=$'F'@%'($)?&A*7"%*+?$'=$H$=*)'7*+?)&A'+&<'=*5"+"MJ*<'=*'H$AN?"7&'*=@7&7"$+&A9'+&'K@&A'+L$'*<?C'H)*;"<?&'Q)&+=*%&)Q*%'=*'"+$;&ML$'H$)'H&)?*'=$'H$=*)'A$7&A/'j*<?*'7$+?*b?$9'7&P*'a':+"L$'&)*<H$+<&P"A"=&=*'H*A&'=*5"+"ML$'=*'H$AN?"7&<'+&7"$+&"<'=*'*=@7&ML$9'&'&;&A"&ML$'=$<<"<?*%&<'*=@7&7"$+&"<'*'&'%&+@?*+ML$'=*'<*@'H)UH)"$'<"<?*%&'=*'*+<"+$9'K@*7$))*<H$+=*'H)&?"7&%*+?*'&H*+&<'a'*=@7&ML$'<@H*)"$)'(*=*)&A/

d)&?&.<*9'H$)?&+?$9'=*'@%&'Z=*<7*+?)&A"#&ML$'K@*';*%'=$'7*+?)$\9'$@9'+&<'H&A&;)&<'=*s*+*#*<9'@%&'Z=*<7*+?)&A"#&ML$'?@?*A&=&\'D12239'H/'g0E/'o<'H)$Q)&%&<'=*'&H$"$'?F7+"7$*'5"+&+7*")$'?*+=*%'&'<*)'$<'%*<%$<'=*'j$)?*'&'4@A'=$'H&N<9'7$%')*=@#"=&'$P<*);Y+7"&a<'H*7@A"&)"=&=*<'*'+*7*<<"=&=*<'A$7&"</

j$'7&<$'P)&<"A*")$9'&<')*7$%*+=&MJ*<'=*'$)Q&+"<%$<'"+?*)+&7"$+&"<9'7@[&'H)*<*+M&'($"($)?&A*7"=&'H*A&'*b"<?_+7"&'=*'H)$[*?$<'=*'5"+&+7"&%*+?$'=*'Q)&+=*'H$)?*'V0W)*H)*<*+?&%'@%'7&HN?@A$'&'H&)?*'+&'="+Y%"7&'=&<')*($)%&</'s@"?$<'=$<'%$=*A$<'K@*"+?*Q)&%'&'7&)?*")&'=*'$HMJ*<'Z$(*)*7"=&<\'H$)'?&"<'&Q_+7"&<'&$'H&N<'<L$'&=$?&=$<'<*%%&"$)*<'H)*$7@H&MJ*<'7$%'$<'"%H&7?$<'[@+?$'&$<'@<@C)"$<'$@'=$'Q)&@'=*'&=*K@&ML$=&<'%*<%&<'&'<"?@&MJ*<'K@*'*+;$A;*%'="(*)*+?*<'7@A?@)&<'*'7$+?*b?$<'VqW/

I+&A"<&=$'<$P'?&A'H$+?$'=*';"<?&'$'*<H&M$'H&)&'&@?$.)*($)%&<'?*+=*'&'<*)'="%"+@?$9%*<%$'H$)K@*'&<'Q)&+=*<')*($)%&<';_%'Z=*'($)&'H&)&'=*+?)$\'*'Z=*'7"%&'H&)&'P&"b$\/'I=*<H*"?$'=*'?&A'7*+C)"$9'7$%$'&5")%$@.<*'*%'%$%*+?$'&+?*)"$)'=*<?*'&)?"Q$9'=*<=*'$"+N7"$'=$<'&+$<'+$;*+?&'=$'<F7@A$'ww'"+^%*)$<'%@+"7NH"$<'P)&<"A*")$<'?_%'<"=$)*7$+-*7"=$<'H*A&'Q*<?L$'"+$;&=$)&'=*'<@&')*=*'*<7$A&)9'7$+($)%*')*Q"<?)&%';C)"$<*<?@=$<'%*+7"$+&=$</'O$)'"<<$'%*<%$9'+$<'?*)%$<'H)$H$<?$<'+*<?*'*<?@=$'$<'+$;$<%$;"%*+?$<'=*'&@?$.)*($)%&'?_%'+$<'%@+"7NH"$<'*<H&M$<'=*'%&?*)"&A"#&ML$/

B&P*'A*%P)&)9'?$=&;"&9'K@*'&<'"+"7"&?";&<'*b"?$<&<'+L$'?_%'?"=$'&'<@<?*+?&P"A"=&=*+*7*<<C)"&'H&)&'&<<*Q@)&)'&'7$+?"+@"=&=*'=*'H)$[*?$<'"+$;&=$)*<'D8]>]!I9'1232E/'IAQ$&7$+?*7*'+&'*<(*)&'%@+"7"H&A'K@*'"+;"&P"A"#&'&'7$+?"+@"=&=*'=*'<@&<'H$AN?"7&<'*9'H$)7*)?$9'"<?$'?*%'&';*)'7$%'K@*<?J*<')*A&?";&<'a'="+Y%"7&'=$'H$=*)'A$7&A9'&<<"%'7$%$'=&)*A&ML$'*+?)*'*<?*'*'$'H$=*)'7*+?)&A/

8 de 17


I'=*<7$+?"+@"=&=*'=&'Q*<?L$9'<@P$)="+&=&'&'"+?*)*<<*<'=*'Q$;*)+$<'K@*';_%'*';L$9)*H)*<*+?&'?)&M$'H*)+"7"$<$'a'7$+7)*?"#&ML$'=&'$P)&'*=@7&?";&/'4$P)*'$'&<<@+?$9'F$H$)?@+&'&'$P<*);&ML$'=*'B@+-&S

B$%$'&7$+?*7*@'*%';C)"$<'*<?&=$<'*'%@+"7NH"$<9'H$AN?"7&<'*=@7&7"$+&"<'P*%*A&P$)&=&<'*'7$%H*?*+?*%*+?*'7$+=@#"=&<'($)&%'$P[*?$'=*'=*%$A"ML$'H*A&<&=%"+"<?)&MJ*<'H$<?*)"$)*<9'"+?*)*<<&=&<'*%'"%H)"%")'<@&'H)UH)"&'%&)7&'$@'*%=*%$A")'$'K@*'-&;"&'<"=$'(*"?$/'d@=$'"<<$'A*;&'&'@%&'Q)&+=*'="5"7@A=&=*'=*'&;&A"&ML$'=&*5"7C7"&'=*<<&<'H$AN?"7&<'+$'H)UH)"$'H)$7*<<$'=*'%@=&+M&'H$AN?"7&'D3qq39'H/'lffE

o'=*P&?*'*%'?$)+$'=&'H)*%_+7"&'=*'K@*'3$:<#,2!*./'.=*#!/$'H)*H$+=*)*%'<$P)*3$:<#,2!*./'.7$+'&-$'?*%'<"=$'7)*<7*+?*'*+?)*'?*U)"7$<9'($)%@A&=$)*<'*'*b*7@?$)*<'=*H$AN?"7&</'o'`)&<"A'&"+=&'+L$'A$Q)$@'_b"?$'*%'H&7?@&)'@%&'&Q*+=&'%N+"%&'*%'?$)+$'=&<*<?)&?FQ"&<'&'7$+<?)@")'+&'=")*ML$'=*'@%&'*=@7&ML$'=*'K@&A"=&=*'H&)&'?$=$</'j*<<*7$+?*b?$9'$'7$%*+?C)"$'=*'B@+-&9'&7"%&')*(*)"=$9'&'=*<H*"?$'=*'?*)'<"=$'($)%@A&=$'-CK@&<*'=@&<'=F7&=&<9'<$&'7$%$'&=;*)?_+7"&'*'=*<&5"$'&'*+()*+?&)'+&<'H$AN?"7&<'=$H)*<*+?*/

B$%'?&"<'K@*<?J*<'*%'%*+?*'*'H)$7@)&+=$'&;&+M&)'+$'&H)$(@+=&%*+?$'=&'"=F"&'7*+?)&A=*<?*'*+<&"$9'?)&?*%$<'=*'@%'%$;"%*+?$'K@*'*%'<@&'$)"Q*%'H$=*'<*)'"=*+?"5"7&=$7$%$'=*'!"#$%&'($&)!'*'K@*9'Q)&=&?";&%*+?*9';*%'<*'7$+<?"?@"+=$'7$%$'?*+=_+7"&'=*&'($&)!'+$'<*"$'=&'H$AN?"7&'*=@7&7"$+&A'P)&<"A*")&/']<?$'"%HA"7&'*%')*5A*?")'<$P)*'&ZQ*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'=&'*=@7&ML$\'*9'=*'%$=$'*<H*7N5"7$9'@%&'=*'<@&<'%&+"(*<?&MJ*<'R&'<*A*ML$'=*'=")"Q*+?*<'*<7$A&)*</

Gestão democrática da educação – explicitando ummovimento de (auto)reforma

I'"=F"&'=&'ZQ*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'=&'*=@7&ML$\'?*%'<@&<'$)"Q*+<'&<<$7"&=&<'&$'H)$7*<<$=*'&P*)?@)&'H$AN?"7&'K@*'&<<"+&A$@'&'?)&+<"ML$'=&'="?&=@)&'%"A"?&)'H&)&'&'=*%$7)&7"&9"+"7"&=&'+$'5"+&A'=$<'&+$<'<*?*+?&'*'&H)$(@+=&=&'+&'H)"%*")&'%*?&=*'=$<'&+$<'$"?*+?&=$'<F7@A$'ww/'o'H*)N$=$'($"'7&)&7?*)"#&=$'H$)'<"Q+"5"7&?";$'&;&+M$'=*'%$;"%*+?$<<$7"&"<'*'<"+="7&"<'$<'%&"<'=";*)<$<9'K@*';"*)&%'&'"+?*Q)&)'&'A@?&'H*A&'&+"<?"&'H$AN?"7&9H$)'*A*"MJ*<'=")*?&<'H&)&'&'H)*<"=_+7"&'=&')*H^PA"7&'V32W'*'H$)'@%&'I<<*%PAF"&j&7"$+&A'B$+<?"?@"+?*'DIjBE9'=*+?)*'$@?)$<'V33W/

4$P'?&"<'7")7@+<?Y+7"&<9'?&%PF%'$<'*=@7&=$)*<'H&)?"7"H&)&%'=&<'A@?&<'*%'(&;$)'=&)*?$%&=&'=&'=*%$7)&7"&9'=&<'K@&"<'&<'B$+(*)_+7"&<'`)&<"A*")&<'=*'>=@7&ML$'DB`><E($)&%'"%H$)?&+?*'*bH)*<<L$/'G*A&<')*<@A?&)&%')*";"+="7&MJ*<'=";*)<&<9'=*+?)*'&<'K@&"<&'=*'K@*'$'><?&=$'&<<*Q@)&<<*'Z($)%&<'=*%$7)C?"7&<'=*'H&)?"7"H&ML$\'DB:jvI9'3qq39'H/q0E9'*+?*+="=&<'7$%$'&K@*A&<'&<<$7"&=&<'a'7)"&ML$'=*'7$+<*A-$<'=*'7$+?)$A*'<$7"&A9&%HA"&ML$'=$<'*<H&M$<'=*'H&)?"7"H&ML$'+$'Y%P"?$'=&'*<7$A&9'&'*b*%HA$'=*'Q)_%"$<*<?@=&+?"<9'*A*"ML$'=*'=")*?$)*<'*'$@?)&<'($)%&<'=*'H&)?"7"H&ML$/'IK@"'<*)C'&P$)=&=&'=*($)%&'%&"<'=*?"=&'@%&'=&<'="%*+<J*<'=&'Q*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'R'&'*<7$A-&'=*'=")"Q*+?*<*<7$A&)*</

9 de 17


I'B&)?&'s&Q+&'=*'3q00'"+7$)H$)&'&'=*%&+=&'H$)'H&)?"7"H&ML$9'?)&=@#"+=$.&'+$"+$;&=$)'="<H$<"?";$'=&'ZQ*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'=$'*+<"+$'H^PA"7$9'+&'($)%&'=&'A*"\'DI)?/12g9']+7"<$'8]E9'@%'=$<'H)"+7NH"$<'=&'*+?L$'7-&%&=&'B$+<?"?@"ML$'B"=&=L/'I'6*"'=*G")*?)"#*<'*'`&<*<'=&'>=@7&ML$'j&7"$+&A'D6G`'R'6*"'+{'q/iqlcqgE9'&H)$;&=&'$"?$'&+$<=*H$"<9')*(*)*+=&'$'="<H$<"?";$'7$+<?"?@7"$+&A9'&$'%&+?*)'<@&'*<<_+7"&'*'&7)*<7*+?&)'$<?*)%$<'Z+&'($)%&'=*<?&'6*"'*'=&'A*Q"<A&ML$'=$<'<"<?*%&<'=*'*+<"+$\'DI)?/'i9']+7"<$'8]]]/m)"($'=&'&@?$)&E/

o'=*?&A-&%*+?$'=&'Q*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'F'*<?&P*A*7"=$'*%'$@?)$'&)?"Q$'=&'6G`9'K@&+=$<*'="#'K@*S

o<'<"<?*%&<'=*'*+<"+$'=*5"+")L$'&<'+$)%&<'=&'Q*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'=$'*+<"+$'H^PA"7$'+&*=@7&ML$'PC<"7&9'=*'&7$)=$'7$%'&<'<@&<'H*7@A"&)"=&=*<'*'7$+($)%*'$<'<*Q@"+?*<H)"+7NH"$<S']'R'H&)?"7"H&ML$'=$<'H)$5"<<"$+&"<'=&'*=@7&ML$'+&'*A&P$)&ML$'=$'H)$[*?$H*=&QUQ"7$'=&'*<7$A&n']]'R'H&)?"7"H&ML$'=&<'7$%@+"=&=*<'*<7$A&)'*'A$7&A'*%'7$+<*A-$<*<7$A&)*<'$@'*K@";&A*+?*<'D6G`9'I)?/'3lE/

B$%$'<*';_9'&'6G`')*%*?*'&')*Q@A&%*+?&ML$'=&'Q*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'=$'Z*+<"+$'H^PA"7$+&'*=@7&ML$'PC<"7&\'&$<'<"<?*%&<'=*'*+<"+$9'$(*)*7*+=$'&%HA&'&@?$+$%"&'a<'@+"=&=*<(*=*)&=&<'H&)&'=*5"+")*%9'*%'<"+?$+"&'7$%'<@&<'*<H*7"5"7"=&=*<9'($)%&<'=*$H*)&7"$+&A"#&ML$'=*'?&A'H)$7*<<$9'$'K@&A'=*;*'7$+<"=*)&)'$'*+;$A;"%*+?$'=$<H)$5"<<"$+&"<'=*'*=@7&ML$'*'&<'7$%@+"=&=*<'*<7$A&)'*'A$7&A/

8&A*'$P<*);&)'K@*'*%'&%P$<'$<'7&<$<9'&'H&)?"7"H&ML$')*(*)*.<*'&$'Y%P"?$'=&'*<7$A&S'&*A&P$)&ML$'=*'<*@'H)$[*?$'H*=&QUQ"7$'*'&'&?@&ML$'*%'7$+<*A-$<'*<7$A&)*<'$@*K@";&A*+?*</'j&'H*)<H*7?";&'=&'6G`9'H$)?&+?$9'&'Q*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'7")7@+<7)*;*.<*'&&AQ@+<'&<H*7?$<'=&';"=&'*<7$A&)9'?&A'7$%$'<*';"@'+$<'="<H$<"?";$<')*(*)"=$<'*7$%*+?&=$</'8&A*'A*%P)&)'K@*'$'OA&+$'j&7"$+&A'=*'>=@7&ML$'DOj>'R'6*"'+{32/3f1c1223E'?&%PF%'H)";"A*Q"&'$'?*%&9'?*+=$'*<?&P*A*7"=$'*+?)*'<*@<'$P[*?";$<'*%*?&<'H&)&'&'Q*<?L$'&'=*5"+"ML$'*%'Z7&=&'<"<?*%&'=*'*+<"+$\'=*'Z+$)%&<'=*'Q*<?L$=*%$7)C?"7&'=$'*+<"+$'H^PA"7$9'7$%'&'H&)?"7"H&ML$'=&'7$%@+"=&=*\'D33/i/1/'m*<?L$'Rs*?&'11E/

G*<=*'&')*?$%&=&'=$')*Q"%*'=*%$7)C?"7$'&'Q*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'?*%'<"=$'?*%&'=*Q)&+=*'"+?*)*<<*'H*A$<'H*<K@"<&=$)*<'=&'*=@7&ML$'V31W9'"+<H")&+=$'%$;"%*+?$<=";*)<$<'=*'%@=&+M&'+$'"+?*)"$)'=$'<"<?*%&'*=@7&?";$'P)&<"A*")$/']+^%*)$<'%@+"7NH"$<*'*<?&=$<'&=$?&)&%'%$=&A"=&=*<'=*'<*A*ML$'=*'=")"Q*+?*<'*<7$A&)*<'K@*'7$+?*%HA&)&%&AQ@%&'($)%&'=*'*<7$A-&'H*A&'7$%@+"=&=*'*<7$A&)'DH)$(*<<$)*<9'(@+7"$+C)"$<9'&A@+$<9H&"<'*'%L*<E9'+$'?$=$'$@'*%'H&)?*'V3iW/

d&"<'"+"7"&?";&<9'=*(*+="=&<'H$)'%$;"%*+?$<'=*'*=@7&=$)*<'=*<=*'$<'&+$<'$"?*+?&9'*?)&+<($)%&=&<'*%'H)C?"7&<'*%';C)"&<'@+"=&=*<'=&'(*=*)&ML$9'+*%'<*%H)*'($)&%&7$A-"=&<'7$%'P$+<'$A-$<'H$)'H&)?*'=$'O$=*)'O^PA"7$/'s@"?&<'=&<'*bH*)"_+7"&<'=*<?&+&?@)*#&'($)&%'=*<7$+?"+@&=&<'H$)'Q$;*)+$<'K@*'="<7$)=&;&%'7$%'?&"<'"+$;&MJ*<9<$P)*?@=$'H*A&'H*)=&'=*'H$=*)'H$AN?"7$'A"Q&=$'a'"+="7&ML$'=*'7&)Q$</'O$)'*<<&<'*'$@?)&<)&#J*<9'&<'*<7$A-&<'=*'=")"Q*+?*<'H*A&'7$%@+"=&=*'+L$'<*'Q*+*)&A"#&)&%'+$'H&N<9'?*+=$<"=$9'"+7A@<";*9'$P[*?$'=*'IMJ*<'G")*?&<'=*']+7$+<?"?@7"$+&A"=&=*'DIG]+E'V3lW

10 de 17


"%H*?)&=&<'H$)'Q$;*)+$</

I'K@*<?L$'F9'7$%'*(*"?$9'H$A_%"7&/'I'=*<H*"?$'=&')*<"<?_+7"&'*%'"+7$)H$)&)'$'?*%&'a&Q*+=&'=&<'H$AN?"7&<'H^PA"7&<9'*%'12329'7$%'$')*<H&A=$'=*'&%HA&'="<7@<<L$'+&7"$+&A9&H)$;$@.<*'+$'Y%P"?$'=&'B$+(*)_+7"&'j&7"$+&A'=*'>=@7&ML$'DBojI>E9'H)$%$;"=&'H*A$s"+"<?F)"$'=&'>=@7&ML$9'&'"+<?"?@"ML$'=*S

%*7&+"<%$<'=*%$7)C?"7$<'R'"+7A@<";*'*A*"ML$'=")*?&'=*'=")*?$)*<c&<'*')*"?$)*<c&<9'H$)*b*%HA$'R9'H&)&'?$=&<'&<'"+<?"?@"MJ*<'*=@7&?";&<'DH^PA"7&<'*'H)";&=&<E'*'H&)&'$<<"<?*%&<'=*'*+<"+$n'*9'&"+=&9'"%HA&+?&)'($)%&<'7$A*Q"&=&<'=*'Q*<?L$'=&'*<7$A&9'%*="&+?*A*"'*<H*7N5"7&/

(BRASIL. MEC, 2010, p. 43-44. Grifo da Autora).

h$".<*'&"+=&'%&"<'&AF%9'&$'=*5"+").<*'K@*

6*"'H)UH)"&'=*;*'Q&)&+?")'&'*A*"ML$'=")*?&'H&)&'=")*?$)*<c&<'DQ*<?$)*<c&<E'=&<'*<7$A&<(*=*)&"<9'*<?&=@&"<9'="<?)"?&"<'*'%@+"7"H&"<'=&'*=@7&ML$'PC<"7&9'H)*<*);&+=$'&<$)"*+?&MJ*<'7$%@+<'=$'4"<?*%&'j&7"$+&A'=*'>=@7&ML$'&'<*)'7$+5"Q@)&=$9'&'Q&)&+?"&'*'$)*7$+-*7"%*+?$'=$'=")*"?$'a<'($)%&<'&A?*)+&?";&<'=*'Q*<?L$9'=*'&7$)=$'7$%'&<+*7*<<"=&=*<'=*'Q)@H$<'7@A?@)&"<'*'<$7"&"<'*<H*7N5"7$<'.'=$'7&%H$9'"+=NQ*+&<9'=*K@"A$%P$A&<'.'*'$'H)$7*<<$'*=@7&?";$'=*<*+;$A;"=$'[@+?$'a<'H*<<$&<'H)";&=&<'=*'<@&A"P*)=&=*9'=*+?)*'$@?)$</

(BRASIL. MEC, 2010, p. 44. Grifo da autora)

h&7*'&$'*bH$<?$9'7&P*')*5A*?")'<*'&'*A*"ML$'=*'=")*?$)*<'=*;*'<*)'<"?@&=&'+&'*<(*)&'=&<&@?$.)*($)%&<9'$@'+L$/'G*'@%'A&=$9'F';*)=&=*'K@*'%*<%$'=*(*+="=&'H*A$<'%$;"%*+?$<<$7"&"<9'&'"+"7"&?";&'&"+=&'+L$'A$Q)$@'_b"?$'*%'&A7&+M&)'$'*#!#"*'=*'H$AN?"7&'H^PA"7&+&7"$+&A/'O*)7*P*.<*'K@*'+$'7$+?*b?$'$)&'&H)*7"&=$'&'="<?"+ML$'*+?)*'&'($&)!'*!"#$%&'($&)!'+L$'F'<"%HA*</

d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`)&<"A9'7$%$'$'`&+7$'s@+="&A/vC'K@*'<*'7$%H)**+=*)'K@*'?&"<'="(*)*+M&<'+L$'<L$'&H*+&<'<*%Y+?"7&</

I'*A*"ML$'=*'=")*?$)*<'F'="%*+<L$'=&'Q*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'K@*'H*)%"?*'"A@<?)&)'&="+Y%"7&'=&<')*($)%&<'*'&@?$.)*($)%&<'+&'*=@7&ML$'P)&<"A*")&/'d$%&+=$'&<'H&A&;)&<*b?)&N=&<'=&'7&+ML$'H$H@A&)')*(*)"=&<'+&'*HNQ)&(*'=*<?*'?*b?$'7$%$'%$?*'H&)&'5"+&A"#&)9[@AQ&%$<'<*)'H$<<N;*A'&5")%&)'7$%'P&<*'+$<'&)Q@%*+?$<'&H)*<*+?&=$<'&'*b"<?_+7"&'=*@%'+*b$'*+?)*'$<'=$"<'H)$7*<<$</'4*'*%'H)"+7NH"$'&<'!"#$%&'($&)!*'<L$'%$;"%*+?$<'Z=*=*+?)$'H)&'($)&\'*'&<'&'($&)!*'=*'Z($)&'H)&'=*+?)$\9'+&'H)C?"7&9'@%&<'*'$@?)&<'<*&)?"7@A&%'%@?@&%*+?*/'O$)'"<<$'%*<%$'Z&'?$=&'-$)&\'*'&'Z?$=$'%$%*+?$\'F'H)*7"<$

11 de 17


Z&5"+&)'$'"+<?)@%*+?$\'=&')*5A*bL$'=*'%$=$'&'7$%H)**+=*)'*%'K@*'%*="=&'&<"+?*+MJ*<'=*'-$[*'H$=*%'?)&+<($)%&).<*'*%'H)C?"7&<'&'<*)*%'="<<*%"+&=&<'&%&+-LH&)&'$'<"<?*%&/

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I68>49'hC?"%&'B)"<?"+&/'Zs&H*&%*+?$'=&<'H$AN?"7&<'=*'*<7$A-&'=*'=")*?$)*<'=&'*<7$A&'*=*'&;&A"&ML$'+&')*=*'H^PA"7&'=&<'7&H"?&"<'P)&<"A*")&<\/'!*,"-.&'/)&-"0*")&'1*'2-.31$-4*1&565"7$-8'`)&<NA"&9';/'q29'+/'11l9'H/'f3.0g9'[&+/c&P)/'122q/

I`!Iso8I|9's")"&%'D7$$)=/E'*?'&A/'2-7$0&-'"+$,&1$)&-S'*bH*)"_+7"&<'P*%.<@7*="=&<*%'*<7$A&<'H^PA"7&</'`)&<NA"&S':j>4Bo9's"+"<?F)"$'=&'>=@7&ML$9'122i/

Ì669'4?*H-*+'}/'2137&."$+'9$0"7:'&+1'-$7"&0'70&--S'?-*'<*A*7?*='~$)�<'$('4?*H-*+`&AA/'6$+=$+S'!$@?AA*=Q*9'122g/

��9'òp>9'!"7-&)=/'Z4@P[*7?'=*H&)?%*+?<'&+='?-*'Z"%HA*%*+?&?"$+\'$('j&?"$+&AB@))"7@A@%'H$A"7TS'&+'$;*);"*~'$('?-*'"<<@*<\/';$3)+&0'$<'=3))"7303%'>.31"*-?'6$+=$+9;/'1l9'+/'19'H/'qf.33e9'3qq1/

`]ddI!9's&)"A@7*n'o6]8>]!I9'}$L$'h*))*")&'=*'D$)Q</E/'@*-.A$'*'9$0B."7&-'1&'*137&CA$/!"$'=*'}&+*")$S'GO�I9'122l/

ò!G]mjoj9'm*+@N+$/'Zm*<?L$'=*%$7)C?"7&'=&'*<7$A&'7"=&=L\/']+/'4>G:B/'D$,$-9&)&1"5%&-'1*'5*-.A$'*-7$0&)/'h$)?&A*#&S'>="MJ*<'4>G:B9'122e9'H/'1f.lg/

`!I4]6/'O)*<"=_+7"&'=&'!*H^PA"7&/'B&<&'B";"A/'=$+-.".3"CA$'1&'!*9EF0"7&'(*1*)&.",&1$'/)&-"0'1*'GHII8'G"<H$+N;*A'*%S'�B$+<?"?@"M&$�'I7*<<$'*%S'12'[@+/'1232/

��/'J*"'+K'H8LHM?'1*'NO'1*'1*#*%F)$'1*'GHHP/'><?&P*A*7*'&<'=")*?)"#*<'*'P&<*<'=&*=@7&ML$'+&7"$+&A/'G"<H$+N;*A'*%S'�6qiql�'I7*<<$'*%S'3g'<*?/'122q/

��/'J*"'+Q'GO8GRN?'1*'H'1*'S&+*")$'1*'NOOG/'IH)$;&'$'OA&+$'j&7"$+&A'=*'>=@7&ML$'*=C'$@?)&<'H)$;"=_+7"&</'G"<H$+N;*A'*%S'�6323f1�'I7*<<$'*%S'13'[@+/'1232/

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12 de 17


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13 de 17


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14 de 17


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15 de 17


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Reformas e auto-reformas da educação no Brasil

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