REDD+in% Brazil% - Food and Agriculture Organization · REDD+in% Brazil% Thelma Krug%...

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REDD+ in Brazil Thelma Krug [email protected] Ins=tuto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE Le=cia Guimarães Ministério do Meio Ambiente Brasil Joint FAOIPCCIFAD Expert Mee=ng: Emerging Ac=vi=es to Combat Climate Change FAO, Rome, 1314 November 2014

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REDD+  in  Brazil  Thelma  Krug  

[email protected]  Ins=tuto  Nacional  de  Pesquisas  Espaciais  -­‐  INPE  

Le=cia  Guimarães  Ministério  do  Meio  Ambiente  

Brasil  

Joint  FAO-­‐IPCC-­‐IFAD  Expert  Mee=ng:  Emerging  Ac=vi=es  to  Combat  Climate  Change  FAO,  Rome,  13-­‐14  November  2014  

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MITIGATION  OPTIONS  IN  THE  AFOLU  SECTOR  

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RELEVANT  DECISIONS  OF  THE  UNFCCC  ON  REDD+  

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Decision  1/CP.16  –Cancun  Agreements  

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FREL  under  the  UNFCCC  

Decision  4/CP.15    •  Establishment  of  the  FRELs/FRLs  –  transparent,  taking  into  account  historical  data,  adjusted  to  the  naLonal  circumstances    

–  use  of  the  IPCC  Guidelines,  adopted  or  encouraged  Decision  12/CP.17      –  stepwise  approach  –  improvement  of  the  FREL  to  incorporate  beQer  data,  improved  methodologies,  addiLonal  pools.  

–  consistency  with  the  latest  naLonal  GHG  inventory      

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Guidelines  for  Submission  of  InformaLon  on  FREL/FRLs  Annex  to  Decision  12/CP.17  

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Summary  •  AcLviLes  Included  in  the  FREL:  Reducing  Emissions  from  (gross)  Deforesta8on  

(RED)  

•  Gases  Included:  CO2  

•  Scale:  sub-­‐na8onal  (Amazonia  biome)  transi8oning  to  na8onal    

•  Pools  Included:  living  biomass  (above  and  below-­‐ground)  and  li>er  

•  Pools  not  Included  (not  significant):  dead  wood;  and  soil  organic  carbon  (mineral  and  organic  soils)  

–  Most  significant  conversion  of  Forest  Land  :  Grassland    (NaLonal  Inventory,  TerraClass)  

•  Literature  review:  in  general,  loss  of  carbon  in  the  first  few  years  post-­‐conversion  followed  by  the  total  recovery  of  the  carbon  in  the  organic  soil.  

•  Dead  Wood:  part  of  a  natural  process.  Timing  of  emissions  is  different.    

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BRAZIL´S  FREL  SUBMISSION  TO  THE  UNFCCC  

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Brazilian  Biomes  

REDD+  approach  by  biome,  starLng  with  the  Amazonia  biome  and  RED    and  transiLoning  to  other  biomes,  possibly  to  other  REDD+  acLviLes,  pools,  and  gases  

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Sector  Emissions  Profile  and  RelaLve  ContribuLon  of  the  Brazilian  Biomes  to  LULUCF  

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Scale  of  REDD+  AcLviLes  Emerging  approaches  to  Forest  Reference  Emission  Levels  and/or  Forest  Reference  Levels  for  REDD+,  UN-­‐REDD,  October  2014  

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Annexes  •  Annex  1:  Addi=onal  informa=on  about  the  forest  reference  

emission  level  for  reducing  emissions  from  deforesta=on  in  the  Amazonia  biome  –  I.    PRODES:  Amazonian  Gross  Deforesta=on  Monitoring  Project    

–  II.      PPCDAm:  Ac=on  Plan  for  the  Preven=on  and  Control  of  Deforesta=on  in  the  Legal  Amazonia    

•  Annex  2:  Example  to  increase  transparency  –  I.  Example  of  the  calcula=on  of  the  adjusted  deforesta=on  increment  –  II.  Example  of  the  carcula=on  of  the  carbon  density  associated  with  a  

forest  type  

•  Annex  3:    –  I.  Degrada=on  in  the  Amazonia  biome  (selec=ve  logging)  

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Annexes  

•  Annex  IV  –  The  Development  of  FREL´s  for  other  Biomes  –  I    From  Subna=onal  to  Na=onal  

–  II    Deforesta=on  and  degrada=on  in  the  Cerrado  biome  –  III  Enhancement  of  carbon  stocks  in  the  Atlan=c  Forest  biome  

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Types  of  FREL/FRLs  (Brazil´s  approach)  

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Legal  Amazonia  and  Amazonia  Biome  

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Landsat  Coverage  of  Legal  Amazonia  

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Legal  Amazonia  –  State  Boundaries  

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Gross  DeforestaLon  Monitoring  at  INPE:  the  importance  of  consistency  and  transparency  

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Emission  Factor:  Carbon  map  

•  Ground  data  (forest  type,  Circumference  at  Breast  Height  (CBH),  height)  from  RADAMBRASIL  Project    

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Allometric  EquaLon  (1)  

•  Use  of  allometric  equaLon  by  Higuchi  et  al  (1998)  

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Allometric  EquaLon  (2)  

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Allometric  EquaLon  (3)  

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Allometric  EquaLon  (4)  

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NaLonally  Specific  Emission  Factors  Modeling  the  spaLal  and  temporal  heterogeneity  of  deforestaLon-­‐driven  carbon  emissions:  the  INPE-­‐EM  framework  applied  to  the  Brazilian  Amazon    

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Proposed  FREL  for  the  Amazonia  Biome  

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Steps  for  EsLmaLng  the  Annual  CO2  Emissions  

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Annual  Area  Deforested  and  Associated  CO2  Emissions  

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Analogical  and  Digital  Data  

Analogical  PRODES   Digital  PRODES  

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Challenges  

•  Addressing  forest  degradaLon  (definiLon,  processes,  esLmaLon  of  carbon  stock  changes)  

•  Improving  our  understanding  of  emissions  from  fire  and  its  dynamics  

•  Monitoring  deforestaLon  increments  smaller  than  6.25  hectares  

•  Improving  the  carbon  map  

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Next  Steps  

•  RED  for  other  biomes:  Cerrado  is  the  next  priority  

•  Moving  to  the  REDD  (Amazonia  biome)  

•  IncorporaLng  other  pools  (mineral  soil,  dead  wood?)  

•  IncorporaLng  other  gases  (CH4,  N2O,  ...  from  biomass  burning?)  

•  Moving  to  the  +  in  REDD+?  (e.g.,  Enhancement  of  forest  carbon  stocks  –  AtlanLc  Forest)  

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THANKS...  GRAZIE...  OBRIGADA...  DANKE...  GRACIAS...  

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Brazil´s  Soil  ClassificaLon