O que há de novo no Rails 3

Hugo Baraúna @hugobaraunablog.plataformatec.com

Rails 3

http://blog.plataformatec.com



blog twitterID

Rails 3




Quem sou eu?

• Hugo Baraúna

• 24 anos

• Engenharia de Computação na Politécnica da USP

•Desenvolvedor Ruby e Rails há mais de 3 anos

• Co-fundador e engenheiro da Plataforma Tecnologia




Desevolvemosaplicações em Rails

ConsultoriaCoaching em Rails e Agile




Arquitetura

ActionDispatch

ActiveSupport

Rails

Rails 3




Arquitetura

ActionDispatch

ActiveSupport

Rails

Rails 3

Todo o resto são Railties!




Arquitetura

ActionDispatch

ActiveSupport

Rails

Rails 3

Todo o resto são Railties!

ActiveRecord

ActionMailer

ActionController

ActionView

outros...




Vantagens do Rails 3





Performance





Performance

Agnóstico





Performance

Modularidade

Agnóstico




Instalação

guru/code$ gem install tzinfo builder memcache-client rack rack-test rack-mount erubis mail text-format thor bundler i18n

guru/code$ gem install rails --pre




rails command

ruby script/serverruby script/consoleruby script/generateruby script/dbconsole

rails consolerails generaterails dbconsole

rails server

Rails 2.3 Rails 3




blog/config.ru

require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment', __FILE__)run Blog::Application




blog/config/application.rbrequire File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)require 'rails/all'

Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env) if defined?(Bundler)

module Blog class Application < Rails::Application config.encoding = "utf-8" config.filter_parameters += [:password] endend







uma Rack App!




blog/config/boot.rbrequire 'rubygems'

# Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.gemfile = File.expand_path('../../Gemfile', __FILE__)begin ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = gemfile require 'bundler' Bundler.setuprescue Bundler::GemNotFound => e STDERR.puts e.message STDERR.puts "Try running `bundle install`." exit!end if File.exist?(gemfile)




BundlerRouterActionMailerActiveModelRespondersARelUnobtrusive JavascriptXSS Protection




Biblioteca para gerenciamento de dependências




# Gemfilesource 'http://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead:gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git'gem 'mysql'gem 'devise', :git => 'git://github.com/plataformatec/devise.git'gem 'responders', :git => 'git://github.com/plataformatec/responders.git'

group :development do gem 'ruby-debug'end

group :test do gem 'rspec' gem 'rspec-rails', '>= 2.0.0.beta'end




Resolução de dependências




guru/code$ gem dependency actionpack -v="2.3.5"Gem actionpack-2.3.5 activesupport (= 2.3.5, runtime) rack (~> 1.0.0, runtime)

guru/code$ gem dependency thinGem thin-1.2.7 daemons (>= 1.0.9, runtime) eventmachine (>= 0.12.6, runtime) rack (>= 1.0.0, runtime)






require "rubygems"require "thin"gem "actionpack", "2.3.5"





require "rubygems"require "thin"gem "actionpack", "2.3.5"

can't activate rack (~> 1.0.0, runtime) for ["actionpack-2.3.5"], already activated rack-1.1.0 for

["thin-1.2.7"] (Gem::LoadError)




Gemfile# Gemfilegem "thin"gem "actionpack", "2.3.5"




Gemfile# Gemfilegem "thin"gem "actionpack", "2.3.5"

guru/code$ bundle listGems included by the bundle: * actionpack (2.3.5) * activesupport (2.3.5) * daemons (1.0.10) * eventmachine (0.12.10) * rack (1.0.1) * thin (1.2.7)




Lock no $LOAD_PATH




Esqueci de colocar no config.gem!




guru/code$ gem list*** LOCAL GEMS ***

bundler (0.9.25)rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)rdoc (2.5.8)thor (0.13.6)

} Filesystem






} Filesystem

# Gemfilegem “rake”, “0.8.5” } Gemfile






} Filesystem

# Gemfilegem “rake”, “0.8.5” } Gemfile

rake-0.8.5 } $LOAD_PATH




guru/code$ gem listrake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)thor (0.13.6)




# Gemfilegem "rake"





# Gemfilegem "rake"

# test_load_path_lock.rbrequire "rubygems"require "bundler"Bundler.setuprequire "rake"require "thor"





# Gemfilegem "rake"



Lock no $LOAD_PATH




# Gemfilegem "rake"



guru/code$ ruby test_load_path_lock.rb test_load_path_lock.rb:6:in `require': no such file to load -- thor (LoadError) from test_load_path_lock.rb:6

Lock no $LOAD_PATH




Router




Nova API




Rotas rootRails 2.3

Rails 3

map.root :controller => "welcome"

root :to => "welcome#index"




Rotas comumRails 2.3

Rails 3

map.connect "products/:id", controller=> "catalog", :action => "view"

match 'products/:id' => 'catalog#view'




Named routesRails 2.3

Rails 3

map.purchase "products/:id/purchase", :controller => "catalog", :action => "purchase"

match "products/:id/purchase" => 'catalog#purchase', :as => :purchase




Resources com member e collection

Rails 2.3

Rails 3

map.resources :products, :member => { :short => :get, :toggle => :post }, :collection => { :sold => :get }

resources :products do member do get :short post :toggle end

collection do get :sold endend




Router and Rack FTW!




Rack FTW!




Rack FTW!

match "posts/:echo" => "posts#show"




Rack FTW!


match "posts/:echo" => PostsController.action(:show)

uma Rack App!




Rack FTW!



match "posts/:echo" => lambda { |env| [ 200, {“Content-Type” => “plain/text”}, ["Echo!"] ] }

uma Rack App!




Rack FTW!



match "posts/:echo" => MySinatraBlog

match "posts/:echo" => lambda { |env| [ 200, {“Content-Type” => “plain/text”}, ["Echo!"] ] }

uma Rack App!




ActionMailer new API





guru/code$ ls -lp app/ controllers/ helpers/ mailers/ models/ views/

guru/code$ rails g mailer Notifier signup_notification create app/mailers/notifier.rb invoke erb create app/views/notifier create app/views/notifier/signup_notification.text.erb invoke test_unit create test/functional/notifier_test.rb





guru/code$ ls -lp app/ controllers/ helpers/ mailers/ models/ views/

guru/code$ rails g mailer Notifier signup_notification create app/mailers/notifier.rb invoke erb create app/views/notifier create app/views/notifier/signup_notification.text.erb invoke test_unit create test/functional/notifier_test.rb

mailers com diretório próprio




class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base default :from => "[email protected]" def signup_notification(recipient) @account = recipient attachments['image.jpg'] = File.read("image.jpg") mail(:to => recipient.email) do |format| format.html format.text end endend






Variáveisde

instância






Variáveisde

instânciaAttachments tipo

cookies






Variáveisde

instânciaAttachments tipo

cookies

mail tipo respond_to do |format|





ActionMailer ::Base ActionController ::Base

ActionController ::Metal

AbstractController ::Base




ActiveModel




ActiveModel

• Google Summer of Code 2009:




ActiveModel


• Extrair a lógica comum entre ActiveRecord e ActiveResource




ActiveModel



• Hoje




ActiveModel



• Hoje

•Desempenha papel no agnosticismo de ORM




ActiveModel



• Hoje

•Desempenha papel no agnosticismo de ORM

• Permite a criação de models à la ActiveRecord




ActiveResource::Base + ActiveModel

module ActiveResource ... class Base extend ActiveModel::Naming include CustomMethods, Observing, Validations include ActiveModel::Conversion include ActiveModel::Serializers::JSON include ActiveModel::Serializers::Xml end endend




ActiveRecord::Base + ActiveModel

Base.class_eval do ... extend ActiveModel::Naming ... include ActiveModel::Conversion include Validations ... include Callbacks, ActiveModel::Observing, Timestamp endend




Agnosticismo de ORM




ActiveModel Rails::Railtie

Agnosticismo de ORM

Agnosticismo de ORM





Agnosticismo de ORM

Agnosticismo de ORM

Provê uma API para que o ActionPack possa conversar com o

ORM





Agnosticismo de ORM

Agnosticismo de ORM

Integração do ORM com o RailsProvê uma API para que o ActionPack possa conversar com o

ORM




ActiveModel::Lint::Tests




module ActiveModel module Lint module Tests

def test_to_key assert model.respond_to?(:to_key), "The model should respond to to_key" def model.persisted?() false end assert model.to_key.nil? end

def test_to_param assert model.respond_to?(:to_param), "The model should respond to to_param" def model.persisted?() false end assert model.to_param.nil? end

def test_valid? assert model.respond_to?(:valid?), "The model should respond to valid?" assert_boolean model.valid?, "valid?" end ... def test_persisted? assert model.respond_to?(:persisted?), "The model should respond to persisted?" assert_boolean model.persisted?, "persisted?" end

def test_errors_aref assert model.respond_to?(:errors), "The model should respond to errors" assert model.errors[:hello].is_a?(Array), "errors#[] should return an Array" end

def test_errors_full_messages assert model.respond_to?(:errors), "The model should respond to errors" assert model.errors.full_messages.is_a?(Array), "errors#full_messages should return an Array" end

end endend




def test_to_param assert model.respond_to?(:to_param), "The model should respond to to_param" def model.persisted?() false end assert model.to_param.nil? end

def test_valid? assert model.respond_to?(:valid?), "The model should respond to valid?" assert_boolean model.valid?, "valid?" end ...

def test_errors_aref assert model.respond_to?(:errors), "The model should respond to errors" assert model.errors[:hello].is_a?(Array), "errors#[] should return an Array" end




ActiveRecord-like

http://github.com/plataformatec/mail_form

Ótimo exemplo de uso do ActiveModel






ActiveModel




Responders




RAILS 2.3

def index @users = User.all respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @users } endend




RAILS 3.0

respond_to :html, :xml

def index @users = User.all respond_with(@users)end




Navigational API

GET

POST

PUT

DELETE




respond_to :html, :xml

def index @users = User.all respond_with(@users)end




Navigational API

GET render template render collection.to_format

POST

PUT

DELETE




def create @user = User.new(params[:user]) respond_to do |format| if @user.save format.html { redirect_to @user, :notice => 'User was successfully created' } format.xml { render :xml => @user, :status => :created, :location => @user } else format.html { render :action => "new" } format.xml { render :xml => @user.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end endend

RAILS 2.3




RAILS 3.0

def create @user = User.new(params[:user]) flash[:notice] = 'User was successfully created' if @user.save respond_with(@user)end




Navigational API

GETGET render template render collection.to_format

POSTSuccess redirect_to resource render

resource.to_formatPOST

Failure render :new render resource.errors

PUTPUT

DELETEDELETE




Navigational API


POSTSuccess redirect_to resource render

resource.to_formatPOST

Failure render :new render resource.errors

PUTSuccess redirect_to resource head :ok

PUTFailure render :edit render resource.errors

DELETEDELETE redirect_to collection head :ok




respond_with(@users)

ActionController ::Responder




respond_with(@users)

Navigational API


POST

Success redirect_to resource render resource.to_format

POSTFailure render :new render resource.errors

PUT

Success redirect_to resource head :ok

PUTFailure render :edit render resource.errors

DELETEDELETE redirect_to collection head :ok

table.to_code

ActionController ::Responder




Responders Customizados




github.com/plataformatec/responders





FlashResponder: seta o flash baseado na action do controller e no status do recurso





FlashResponder: seta o flash baseado na action do controller e no status do recurso

HttpCacheResponder: automaticamente adiciona o cabeçalho HTTP Last-Modified para requests de API format




# lib/application_responder.rbclass ApplicationResponder < ActionController::Responder include Responders::FlashResponder include Responders::HttpCacheResponderend

CONFIGURANDO O RESPONDERS




# lib/application_responder.rbclass ApplicationResponder < ActionController::Responder include Responders::FlashResponder include Responders::HttpCacheResponderend

CONFIGURANDO O RESPONDERS

# app/controllers/application_controller.rbclass ApplicationController < ActionController::Base self.responder = ApplicationResponder respond_to :html

protect_from_forgery layout 'application'end




SEM O RESPONDERS

# app/controllers/users_controller.rbdef create @user = User.new(params[:user]) flash[:notice] = 'User was successfully created' if @user.save respond_with(@user)end




SEM O RESPONDERS

# app/controllers/users_controller.rbdef create @user = User.new(params[:user]) flash[:notice] = 'User was successfully created' if @user.save respond_with(@user)end

O FlashResponder vai fazer isso por mim




COM O RESPONDERS

# app/controllers/users_controller.rbdef create @user = User.new(params[:user]) @user.save respond_with(@user)end

# config/locales/en.ymlen: flash: users: create: success: “User was successfully created”




Responders




ARel




Lazy loading# Rails 2.3Job.find(:all, :conditions => {:published => true})

# Rails 3Job.where(:published => true)

Faz um query no DB imediatamente e retorna um array de Jobs

Não faz query no DB, retorna um ActiveRecord::Relation




Onde a query roda?# app/controllers/jobs_controller.rbclass JobsController < ApplicationController def index @jobs = Jobs.where(:published => true).order("created_at DESC") endend

# app/views/jobs/index.html.erb<% cache do %> <% @jobs.each do |job| %> ... <% end %><% end %>






Não realiza query no DB






Só aqui que será feito a query no DB







Só aqui que será feito a query no DB


Se estiver cacheado, não faz a query no controller a toa




Chainability: it “quacks” like named_scope

Job.where(:title => 'Rails Developer')Job.order('created_at DESC').limit(20).includes(:company)

cars = Car.where(:colour => 'black')black_fancy_cars = cars.order('cars.price DESC').limit(10)black_cheap_cart = cars.order('cars.price ASC').limit(10)







ActiveRecord::Relation







ActiveRecord::Relation

Reaproveitar uma Relation e encadear mais finders




ARel




Unobtrusive Javascript




remote_form_for(@post)

Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 2.3

link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',:method => :delete






<form action="/posts" class="new_post" id="new_post" method="post" onsubmit="new Ajax.Request('/posts', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, parameters:Form.serialize(this)}); return false;">

link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',:method => :delete






<form action="/posts" class="new_post" id="new_post" method="post" onsubmit="new Ajax.Request('/posts', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, parameters:Form.serialize(this)}); return false;">

link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',:method => :delete<a href="/posts/1" onclick="if (confirm('Are you sure?')) { var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display = 'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action = this.href;var m = document.createElement('input'); m.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); m.setAttribute('name', '_method'); m.setAttribute('value', 'delete'); f.appendChild(m);var s = document.createElement('input'); s.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); s.setAttribute('name', 'authenticity_token'); s.setAttribute('value', 'LM2fEF6HuRWdYUZdEumWlemhI6iDPH97pqWhO4jEpiU='); f.appendChild(s);f.submit(); };return false;">Destroy</a>




Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 3# Rails 2.3remote_form_for(@post)<form action="/posts" class="new_post" id="new_post" method="post" onsubmit="new Ajax.Request('/posts', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, parameters:Form.serialize(this)}); return false;">




Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 3# Rails 2.3remote_form_for(@post)<form action="/posts" class="new_post" id="new_post" method="post" onsubmit="new Ajax.Request('/posts', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, parameters:Form.serialize(this)}); return false;">

# Rails 3form_for(@posts, :remote => true)

<form action="/posts" class="new_post" data-remote="true" id="new_post" method="post">




Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 3# Rails 2.3link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',:method => :delete<a href="/posts/1" onclick="if (confirm('Are you sure?')) { var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display = 'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action = this.href;var m = document.createElement('input'); m.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); m.setAttribute('name', '_method'); m.setAttribute('value', 'delete'); f.appendChild(m);var s = document.createElement('input'); s.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); s.setAttribute('name', 'authenticity_token'); s.setAttribute('value', 'LM2fEF6HuRWdYUZdEumWlemhI6iDPH97pqWhO4jEpiU='); f.appendChild(s);f.submit(); };return false;">Destroy</a>




Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 3# Rails 2.3link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',:method => :delete<a href="/posts/1" onclick="if (confirm('Are you sure?')) { var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display = 'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action = this.href;var m = document.createElement('input'); m.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); m.setAttribute('name', '_method'); m.setAttribute('value', 'delete'); f.appendChild(m);var s = document.createElement('input'); s.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); s.setAttribute('name', 'authenticity_token'); s.setAttribute('value', 'LM2fEF6HuRWdYUZdEumWlemhI6iDPH97pqWhO4jEpiU='); f.appendChild(s);f.submit(); };return false;">Destroy</a>

# Rails 3link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?', :method => :delete

<a href="/posts/1" data-confirm="Are you sure?" data-method="delete" rel="nofollow">Destroy</a>




JS Driver

Markup com HTML 5 custom data attributes

JS Driver

JS Framework




JS Driver// public/javascripts/rails.jsdocument.observe("dom:loaded", function() { function handleRemote(element) { var method, url, params;

if (element.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'form') { method = element.readAttribute('method') || 'post'; url = element.readAttribute('action'); params = element.serialize(true); } else { method = element.readAttribute('data-method') || 'get'; url = element.readAttribute('href'); params = {}; }

var event = element.fire("ajax:before"); if (event.stopped) return false;

new Ajax.Request(url, { method: method, parameters: params, asynchronous: true, evalScripts: true,

onLoading: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:loading", {request: request}); }, onLoaded: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:loaded", {request: request}); }, onInteractive: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:interactive", {request: request}); }, onComplete: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:complete", {request: request}); }, onSuccess: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:success", {request: request}); }, onFailure: function(request) { element.fire("ajax:failure", {request: request}); } });

element.fire("ajax:after"); } ...

Apenas 119 linhas!




JS para todos os gostos

• Prototype: default

• jQuery: http://github.com/rails/jquery-ujs

•MooTools: http://mootools.net/forge/p/rails_3_driver

• Você pode fazer o seu!



http://github.com/rails/jquery-ujs

http://github.com/rails/jquery-ujs

http://mootools.net/forge/p/rails_3_driver

http://mootools.net/forge/p/rails_3_driver


Javascript no Rails 3




HTML 5 custom data attributes JS driver para cada framework

Agnosticismo de Javascript

Javascript no Rails 3




XSS Protection




XSS protection

<%= @job.title %> <%= h @job.title %>

Rails 2.3: unsafe por default

safeunsafe

<%= @job.title %> <%= raw @job.title %>

Rails 3: safe por default

safe unsafe




ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer

guru/code$ rails console> a ="maybe dangerous" => "maybe dangerous" > a.html_safe? => false > b = a.html_safe => "maybe dangerous" > b.html_safe? => true > b.class => ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer




Helpers que retornam HTML

module ApplicationHelper def strong(content) "<strong>#{h content}</string>".html_safe endend






Dicas:1. Certificar-se de que todo input está sendo escapado






Dicas:1. Certificar-se de que todo input está sendo escapado

2. Chamar html_safe no output




http://github.com/plataformatec

Tem muito mais aqui!






blog twitterID


Tem muito mais aqui!





O que há de novo no Rails 3

Technology

Transcript of O que há de novo no Rails 3