Informe Del Dia Mundial Del Agua 2011

8/3/2019 Informe Del Dia Mundial Del Agua 2011

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World Water Day 2011 Coordinated by

Hosted byIn partneship with

FINAL REPORTWorld Water Day 2011Water and Urbanization

22 March 2011Cape Town, South AfricaCape Town International Convention Centre

www.worldwaterday.unwater.org

Water for cities:Responding to the urban challenge


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FINAL REPORT

World Water Day 2011: Water and Urbanization

Water or cities: Responding to the urban challenge

First published in Nairobi in 2011 by UN-HABITAT.Copyright United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2011

HS/087/11E

ISBN (Volume): 978-92-1-132050-7

Disclaimer

The designations employed and the presentation o the material in this publication do not imply theexpression o any opinion whatsoever on the part o the Secretariat o the United Nations concerningthe legal status o any country, territory, city or area or o its authorities, or concerning the delimitationo its rontiers o boundaries.

Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reect those o the United Nations Human Settle-ments Programme, the United Nations, or its Member States.

Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated.

Acknowledgements:

Principal Author: Pireh Otieno

Editor: Dominique OReilly

Design and Layout: Victor Mgendi

Cover Photos: UN-Water/UN-HABIT


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World Water Day 2011 Coordinated by

Hosted by In partneship with

22 March 2011Cape Town, South AricaCape Town International Convention Centrewww.worldwaterday.unwater.org

Water or cities:Responding to the urban challenge


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4Wd W D 2011Water and Urbanization

Contents

Participating Organizations 6

Message o the UN Secretary General 8

World Water Day 2011 10

Perspectives o Convenors 14

Keynote Address 17

Feedback Sesion 19

Interactive Panel Debates 22

Journalists Training Workshop 32

Live Connection to Washington 36

Outcome o the Thematic Sessions 40

Parallel Events 78

Book Launches 88

Award ceremonies 94

Media and Outreach 98

The World Water Day Exhibition and Fair 102

Cultural Perormances 106

We are or love o water! 108

Other Water Day events across the world 112

The road ahead 114

Scenes rom cape town 115


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United NationsEducational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization

Educate. Empower. Act.

PartiCiPating organizations


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As the world charts a more sustainable uture, the crucial interplay among water, ood and en-

ergy is one o the most ormidable challenges we ace. Without water there is no dignity andno escape rom poverty. Yet the Millennium Development Goal target or water and sanitation

is among those on which many countries lag the most.

In little over a generation, 60 per cent o the global population will be living in towns and

cities, with much o the increase taking place in the inner city slums and squatter settlements

o the developing world. The theme o this years observance o World Water Day Water

or Cities highlights some o the main challenges o this increasingly urban uture.

Urbanization brings opportunities or more efcient water management and improved

access to drinking water and sanitation. At the same time, problems are oten magnifed in

cities, and are currently outpacing our ability to devise solutions.

Over the past decade, the number o urban dwellers who lack access to a water tap in their

home or immediate vicinity has risen by an estimated 114 million, and the number o those

who lack access to the most basic sanitation acilities has risen by 134 million. This 20 per cent

increase has had a hugely detrimental impact on human health and on economic productivity:

people are sick and unable to work.

Water challenges go beyond questions o access. In many countries, girls are orced todrop out o school owing to a lack o sanitation acilities, and women are harassed or assaulted

when carrying water or visiting a public toilet. Moreover, the poorest and most vulnerable

members o society oten have little choice but to buy water rom inormal vendors at prices

estimated to be 20 to 100 per cent higher than that o their richer neighbors, who receive

piped city water in their homes. This is not just unsustainable; it is unacceptable.

Water problems will fgure prominently at the orthcoming UN Conerence on Sustainable

Development in Rio de Janeiro, in 2012 Rio + 20. My High-level Panel on Global Sustain-

ability and UN-Water are examining ways in which we can connect the dots among water,energy and ood security, with the aim o reducing poverty and inequality, generating jobs, and

minimizing the risks o climate change and environmental stress.

On World Water Day, I urge governments to recognize the urban water crisis or what it is

a crisis o governance, weak policies and poor management, rather than one o scarcity. Let

us also pledge to reverse the alarming decline in pro poor investment in water and sanitation.

And let us reafrm our commitment to ending the plight o the more than 800 million people

who, in a world o plenty, still do not have the sae drinking water or sanitation they need or

a lie in dignity and good health.

Ban Ki-moon

United Nations Secretary-General

Message of the Un seCretary general


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In an electric atmosphere o live perormances by local and international musicians, the ofcial

UN commemoration o World Water Day 2011 was held in Cape Town, South Arica, withmore than 1,000 participants in attendance. Hosted by the Government o South Arica, the

high-profle event was coordinated by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme

(UN-HABITAT) in partnership with UN-Water, the Arican Ministers Council on Water (AM-

COW), the United Nations Secretary Generals Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation (UN-

SGAB) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Held over three days, the Cape Town event eatured interactive interview sessions, panel

debates, thematic sessions, book launches, award ceremonies, advocacy activities and an ex-

hibition and air. High-level guest speakers included His Royal Highness Willem-Alexander,Prince o Orange and Chair o United Nations Secretary Generals Advisory Board on Water

and Sanitation (UNSGAB); Hon. Edna Molewa, Minister o Water and Environmental Aairs,

South Arica and President o Arican Ministers Council on Water (AMCOW); Dr. Joan Clos, UN

Under-Secretary General and Executive Director o UN-HABITAT, and Mr. Tim Kasten, Deputy

Director, Division o Environmental Policy Implementation, UNEP and Vice Chair o UN-Water.

WorlD Water Day 2011

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WORLD WATER DAY 2011

About World Water Day

22 March 2011 marked the 18th anniversary o World Water Day. The international World Water Day is held annu-ally on this date to ocus attention on the importance o resh water and advocating or the sustainable manage-ment o resh water resources.

An international day to celebrate resh water was recommended at the 1992 United Nations Conerence on En-vironment and Development (UNCED). The United Nations General Assembly responded by designating 22 March1993 as the rst World Water Day.

Each year, World Water Day highlights a specic aspect o resh water. UN-Water dedicated this years event to thetheme Water and Urbanization under the slogan Water or Cities: Responding to the Urban Challenge.

This years World Water Day ocused international attention on the impact o rapid urban population growth, in-dustrialization and uncertainties caused by climate change, conficts and natural disasters on urban water systems. Italso encouraged action by governments, organizations, communities, and individuals around the world to engageactively in addressing urban water management challenges.

UN-Water designated UN-HABITAT to coordinate the organization o World Water Day 2011.

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In an interactive interview session, Mr. Johan Kuylenstierna engaged the high-level guests on

their perspectives on World Water Day 2011. Hon. Edna Molewa started by noting that theInternational Water Day oers a great opportunity to exchange ideas and fnd solutions or

urban water problems. She emphasized the need or technological innovation, adaptation

and practical solutions in the ace o climate change and associated water scarcity.

His Royal Highness Willem-Alexander underscored the need or a strong political commit-

ment to deal with urban water and sanitation challenges. He noted that, although statistics in-

dicate that the amount o people with access to sae drinking water is increasing, the distance

that many people still have to walk to access water is unacceptable. We are not even close to

what we should accept as human standards, he added. He also decried the neglected feldo sanitation and called or actions in support o the Sustainable Sanitation Five-Year Drive to

2015.

PersPeCtives of Convenors

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W c:Responding to the urban challenge 15

Speaking on behal o UN-Water, Mr. Tim

Kasten, Deputy Director, Division o Environ-

mental Policy Implementation, UNEP and Vice

Chair o UN-Water, lauded the UNs role as a

acilitator and catalyst in bringing together

various actors across sectors and countries

to address the growing problem o urban

water and sanitation. Mr. Kasten noted that

cities should work closer together with their

environments since they are not only users

but also nurtures o their environments. Headded that moving towards Rio +20, ocus

should shit towards a green economy with

a dual role or economic growth and sustain-

able development. This, he noted, will create

green jobs, ensure resource efciency and a

low carbon growth and reduce poverty.

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PERSPECTIVES OF CONVENORS

Facts and Figures rom Cape Town

Morethan1,500participantsfromapproximately70countries

25technicalsessionsdeliveredbymorethan40organizations

30localandinternationalexhibitors

3AwardCeremonies

5booklaunches

75videointerviewsrecordedbytheWaterCubeTeamduringthethreedaysinCapeTown

30accreditedjournalists

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In his Keynote address, Dr. Joan Clos, Under-Secretary General and Executive Director, UN-

HABITAT, observed that large rural-urban migration ows are taking place without proper

urban planning. He added that the urban crisis can only be addressed by developing a new

urban policy that takes into account problems o the uture, including the inux o people to

cities and the uture development o the cities.

Dr. Clos recommended a phased approach to urban planning starting with basic streets

and basic services so that the city is unctional and able to provide goods and services, taking

into account al l aspects, including mobility, water, and energy.

He emphasized the need to plan dense and diversifed urban settlements to limit urban

sprawl which oten results in increased cost in service delivery. He underscored the need orpolitical commitment and called on local and national Governments in Arica, Asia and Latin

America to prioritize planning in middle size cities and small towns where most o the urban

growth is taking place.

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Keynote aDDress


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Mr. Bert Diphoorn, Director, Human Settlements Financing Division, UN-HABITAT, gave an

overview o thematic sessions and side events convened two days prior to the ofcial event.

He highlighted fve issues addressed in the sessions (Figure 1 below): urbanization; urban water

and waste management; environment and climate change; leadership and governance in the

water sector and investment.

Mr. Diphoorn outlined the key messages and recommendations made. These included in-

creasing the profle o urban water issues; achieving green growth by actoring sustainable

water management and the environment into plans or economic growth; putting in place

eective governance and stakeholder consultation; supporting water operators to provide sus-

tainable services; developing learning alliances with universities; educating consumers on thevalue o water; prioritizing urban water investments and support; using the right to water

and sanitation to raise political awareness, adaptation to climate change and preparing or

disasters.

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Figure 1: Conerence Problematic

leaDersHiP + GoVernanCe Weakpoliticalleadershiponwater Unevennationalpolicyframe Weakcitygovernance/

consumerparticipation

Institutionalcomplexity/politicalinterference Weakregulation

urban Water/WasteManaGeMent

LowWSScoverage/poorquality Increasedwaterdemand Highunaccountedforwater Inefcientmanagement/little

capacity Littleattentiontourbansanitation Insufcientfocusonthepoor

inVestMent Under-investmentinwater

infrastructure Waterunderpriced:insufcient

revenueforOperationandMaintenanceand replacement

Waterinfrastructurenotbankable

Energyshortagesandincreasingenergycosts

Financialcrisisincreasescostof borrowing

urbaniZation Urbangrowth Slumsandgrowth

ofpoverty

Changingcities Increasinginequity Urbandecay

enVironMent + CliMateCHanGe Environmentaldegradation+

waterresourcethreats Increasingcostsofnewwater Climatechange Howtocosturban

ecosystems Foodcrisisincreaseswater

demand

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interaCtive Panel Debates

The Arican Caucus

The panel discussion highlighted a range o opportunities or tackling urban water and sani-tation challenges, including policy and investments required to bridge current gaps in urban

water and sanitation in Arica. The panelists identifed rapid urbanization, poor planning, inad-

equate investments and overdependence on external resources as the main challenges acing

water management in Arican cities. They stressed the need or increased ocus on urban

water challenges through partnerships with development banks, the housing sector, local gov-

ernments and communities.

Mr. Sering Jallow, Manager, OWAS.2, Arican Development Bank, observed that Arican

countries have mixed results in attempts to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).He noted that current investments in urban services are not sufcient to cope with the rates

o urbanization and called on Arican countries to mobilize domestic resources and properly

manage investments to support the urban water and sanitation sector. On the role o local

commercial banks, Mr. Jallow noted that commercial lending remains expensive. He called

or better management o Arican utilities to reduce high operating costs and revenue losses.

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Providing a utilitys perspective, Mr. Percy

Sechemane, Chie Executive o Rand Water,underlined the importance o investing in

water and sanitation inrastructure to en-

hance level o basic services. He stressed

the need or public-private partnerships and

proper urban planning backed by good water

and sanitation data to meet current and u-

ture water demands.

Hon. Monyane Moleleki, Minister o Nat-ural Resources, Lesotho, stressed the need

or proper planning and coordination in the

management o urban water and sanita-

tion inrastructure. He cited an example o

a project in his country or providing water

and roads concurrently and said that poor

planning and lack o coordination has led to

serious delays in its completion.

Mr. Alderman Clive Justus, Executive

Mayoral Committee Member, City o Cape

Town, emphasized the importance o inra-

structure-led development in poverty allevia-

tion. He said that investing in inrastructure

enhances economic growth and the level o

services. He singled out vision, commitment,proper planning, and sound budgeting as es-

sential ingredients or improvement in service

provision. Mr. Justus also highlighted the

importance o improving revenue collection.

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INTERACTIVE PANEL DEBATES

Hon. Brian Chituwo, Minister o Local

Government and Housing, Republic o Zam-

bia, told the audience that his government

has devolved planning to nine regional utility

companies. He recommended the need to

develop partnerships, create political will and

involve local communities in providing water

and sanitation services, especially in inormal

settlements.

Mr. Alioune Badiane, Director, Regional

Ofce or Arica and the Arab States, UN-

HABITAT noted that urbanization is not only

part o the problem but also part o the solu-

tion and said that cities are valuable sources

o investment i properly managed. He add-

ed that high-density settlements results in

cheaper service provision and called on politi-

cians to pay more attention to urban commu-

nities. Mr. Badiane highlighted UN-HABITATs

activities in Arica in overcoming the huge

backlog in service provision and said that the

organization aims to have halved it by 2020.

Key recommendations rom the Arican Caucus

Supportinter-ministerialdialogueandcoordinationatthenationalleveltoimproveinfrastructuredevelopmentand management

Encouragecollaborationandpartnershipsthroughregionaleconomicblocs

Mobilizedomesticresourcesforbasicservicesbypartneringwithlocalcommercialbanks

Prioritizeinfrastructure-leddevelopmenttoenhanceeconomicgrowthandpovertyalleviationinthecontinent

Focusmoreonproperurbanplanningtomeetbothcurrentandfutureinfrastructureneeds

Buildpartnershipswithlocalgovernmentstoensuresustainableprovisionofurbanwaterandsanitationservices

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Water and Cities Debate

The session started with Mr. Chan Yoon Kum,Deputy Chie Executive, Public Utilities Board,

Singapore, outlining his countrys innovative

solutions to urban water management. This

includes the diversifcation o its water supply

to include highly-purifed reclaimed water,

oten reerred to as new water, which now

accounts or 30 per cent o Singapores daily

needs. He added that Singapore also utilizes

desalination to provide an additional 10 per

cent o its water requirements. Speaking on

the lessons that other cities can draw rom

Singapore, Mr. Kum stressed the importance

o strong political leadership, vision, proper

long-term urban planning (Singapore has a

master plan running until 2060), demand

management, enorcement measures to re-

duce pollution and getting public buy-in andgreater ownership through community en-

gagement as keys to sustainable urban water

management.

Pro. Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy, Director,

Patel School o Global Sustainability, Univer-

sity o South Florida and Scientifc Director o

SWITCH, lauded Singapores success and at-

tributed it to its ability to embrace change.

He called or a paradigm shit in mindsets,

legislations and institutions, especially in de-

veloping countries where there are still op-

portunities to plan water and sanitation in-

rastructure in a sustainable manner.

However, he noted the problem is not

confned to developing countries as most

developed cities have water and sanitation

systems which currently unctioning well but

are not sustainable in the long term. He rec-

ommended training uture urban leaders to

embrace new models, solutions and partner-

ships and called or a ocus on the growing

medium-sized cities which can act as models

and provide opportunities to showcase inno-

vations.

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Ms. Margaret Catley-Carlson, a member

o the United Nations Secretary Generals Ad-

visory Board on Water and Sanitation, noted

that success in the water sector is not cel-

ebrated enough. She cited the examples o

universities in China and the United Stateswhich recycle grey water to supply up to

80 per cent o their needs. She also gave

the example o buses in Rotterdam that are

uelled by Methane rom waste water. Ms.

Cartley-Carlson blamed corruption and com-

peting priorities or complicating the required

changes in the water sector.

Dr. Ania Grobicki, Executive Secretary,

Global Water Partnership, highlighted the

economic value o water and its role in spur-

ring economic growth. Speaking on innova-

tive models in urban water management, Dr.

Grobicki said there are income opportunitiesor communities in utilizing payment or eco-

system services schemes and selling com-

munity water resources, citing the example

o the city o New York paying or water rom

the Catskill Mountains. She said that cross-

subsidization can also be a tool to achieve

aordability in urban water management.

She noted that subsidies and assistance to

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poor households can be provided so they can

change their toilets and laundry equipment

or more water-efcient systems.

Ms. Margaret Pageler, Executive Com-

mittee Member, ICLEI-Local Governments or

Sustainability , emphasized the importance

o local authorities mobilizing citizens to ap-

preciate and value water. Ms. Pageler high-

lighted the role played by organizations such

as ICLEI and the World Water Council in mo-

bilizing local authorities, citing the Istanbul

Water Consensus (IWC) as a key instrument

in building political will.

Speaking on the green growth agenda,

Mr. Benedito Braga, President o the Interna-

tional Forum Committee or the 6th World

Water Forum and Vice-President o the

World Water Council, reiterated the needto engage and convince politicians that the

green growth agenda is important or their

constituencies. He recommended innovative

fnancing o the green growth agenda, cit-

ing the example o an innovative programme

launched by the National Water Agency o

Brazil to allow the increase in sewage treat-

ment in that country. Under this programme,

the municipality receives a subsidy rom the

central government or the ull cost o the

sewage treatment plant. However, instead o

receiving the subsidy upront, the municipal-

ity receives it when the plant is in ull opera-

tion. I the municipality does not have capital

to invest in the project, the receivables guar-

anteed rom the central government allow

it to raise the unds in ofcial banks at low

interest rates.

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Key recommendations rom the Water and Cities Debate

Celebratesuccesseswithinthewatersectorandpublicizegoodpracticestomakethemwidelyaccessible

Strongpoliticalcommitmentneededtocopewithurbanwaterandsanitationchallenges

Technicalskillsandinnovationareessentialindesigningintegratedsystemsthatproduceenergy,nutrientsandwater

Partnershipswithdomestic,regionalandinternationaldevelopmentbanksarenecessarytoensureincreasedinvest-ment in water

Strengthenthecapacityofthemediatoraiseawarenessonwaterandsanitationatthehighestpoliticallevels

Buildingclimate-resilientsocietiesrequiresanincreasingfocusonmanagingthewatercycle

Promoteandencouragelocalchampionsinwaterandsanitationmanagement

Workwithlocalauthoritiestomobilizelocalcitizenstovalueandappreciatewater

Buildpartnershipswiththosewhoappreciatethemagicofwater,includingtheprivatesector

Supportyouthpartnershipsandparticipationforeffective,efcientandsustainabledevelopmentofurbanwaterand sanitation services


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The two-day journalist workshop was convened by the UN-Water Decade Programme on Ad-

vocacy and Communication (UNW-DPAC). It provided support or Arican journalists to report

on Urban water, the theme o World Water Day 2011. With a ocus on proessional retrain-

ing related to research, preparing reportages and investigative journalism on urban water,

the workshop was directed towards experienced Arican journalists rom print, radio, TV, and

electronic media who have already reported on this theme.

Ms. Josefna Maestu, Director o UNW-DPAC, provided an introduction. . Ms. Ulrike Kelm,

also o UNW-DPAC, introduced United Nations inormation system and structure to the par-

ticipants. Roel Langinin (Philippines) and Ama Kudom-Agyemang (Ghana), two experienced

international journalists on investigative journalism in the water sector, provided the training.

They addressed the issues and questions, What is investigative journalism?, How to identiy

a story , How to write a good story and Why write on water?

During the workshop there were discussions on the challenges related to investigative

journalism in Arica. Participants agreed that investigative journalism is difcult, there is lack o

unding, there may be physical threats and there are cases o lack o respect or the proession.

It is important to build trust between the media and community and a need to adapt to new

media, such as online journalism and blogging. It is important or journalists to own the story

and not represent institutions or organizations.

JoUrnalists training WorKshoP

Good reporters

are artists- theycan entertain,inspire, annoy oreducate

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There was also a discussion on opportu-nities in investigative journalism. Journalists

considered that lack o respect and unding

can be solved by writing good articles. Inves-

tigative journalists can distinguish themselves

rom other orms o journalism by their pro-

ound analytical and proessional articles.

There are opportunities in new orms o

journalism through using multi-media, video,and online reporting as well as access to new

sources o inormation.

Reections in the workshop included the

importance to highlight positive news and

avoid always ocusing on negative aspects

and, orms o journalism other than investi-gative reporting can be important and pow-

erul as well. Reporting daily news and doing

interviews are also essential or institution-

building and enhancing democracy. Personal

stories can be powerul, too.

The Journalists recommended that there

should be a continuous collaboration be-

tween journalists and the UN in between the

WWD events. The journalists wish to interact

and are committed to collaboration with UN

agencies.

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JOURNALISTS TRAINING WORKSHOP

During the feld trip, workshop partici-

pants had the chance to interview real lie

stories and Ms Rejoice Mabudahasi, South

Aricas Deputy Water and Environmental

Aairs Minister, among other ofcials. This

gave them the chance to learn about the

South Arican model o water management

or poor areas.

As one outcome o the workshop, the

journalists wrote articles and published sto-

ries on the WWD 2011 and the main theme

o Urban Water. The workshop participants

produced and managed a blog called Water

Journalists Arica http://waterjournalistsa-

rica.wordpress.com/ or which they write and

comment regularly.

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live ConneCtion to Washington


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The climax o the World Water Day event was the live video link to Washington, USA, where

Secretary o State Hillary Clinton and World Bank President Robert Zoellick signed a Memo-

randum o Understanding (MOU) committing their two organisations to closer collaboration

on water-related eorts. The event took place in the World Bank Atrium in Washington, DC.

The live connection eatured the speakers presenting the outcome o World Water Day

activities in Cape Town. Began with Hon. Edna Molewa reinorcing the determination o

the Arican Ministers Council on Waterto implement its plan o action through advocacy,

lobbying and bothsecuring unds to implement the campaign and providing technologies to

improve access to water and sanitation in Arica.

We will continue to build on the important mitigation aspects o our work and we aredetermined to move orward to implement the AMCOW Plan o Action, she said.

H.R.H. Prince Willem-Alexander said, Water and sanitation are like Siamese twins - i we

separate them one may die, and we dont know which one. He appealed to the World Bank

to eature water and sanitation prominently on their agenda in preparation or the upcom-

ing G20 Summit and underscored the need or more capital investment or inrastructure in

these areas.

live ConneCtion to Washington

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Dr. Clos noted that rapid urbanization

was increasing aster than the capacity o cit-

ies to provide inrastructure. He said, We are

in a crisis, with the percentage o urban pop-

ulation with access to water and sanitation

decreasing. It is a sad reality and we need to

ace it. He noted that the number o people

with no access to water and sanitation was

also increasing.

He added,The good news is that we can

ace this by developing urban policies to ad-

dress urban planning and urban legislation.

We need to plan in advance o the problem

to mitigate; we need to plan today not to-

morrow. We need to plan at the scale o the

problem and in line with growth. We must

have a basic plan that considers water, sani-

tation and drainage.

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v cc.

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LIVE CONNECTION TO WASHINGTON


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LIVE CONNECTION TO WASHINGTON

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oUtCoMe of the theMatiC sessions


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The main event was preceded by 30 thematic sessions and

side events bringing together key stakeholders within theglobal water and sanitation sector. This section presentsthe main messages rom each session.

oUtCoMe of the theMatiC sessions

Sunday 20 March 2011

Seminar on Values-based Water,Sanitation and Hygiene Educa-tion

Purpose:

The goal o the seminar was to introduce the

concept o human-values based WASH edu-

cation, share experiences and success stories

around it and discuss best practices or pro-

moting both sustainable WASH projects andwater and ethics in the urban setting.

Summary:

John Etgen rom the Project WET Founda-

tion served as moderator or the events key

speakers. They were Dr. Art-Ong Jumsai rom

the Water Institute in Thailand, Andre Dzikus

rom UN-HABITAT, Sagie Naike o the Arica

Institute o Sathya SAI Education in Zambia,

Julia Nelson rom the Project WET Founda-

tion and Teddy Tindamanyire rom the Ugan-

da Ministry o Water.

Dr. Jumsai led o the workshop with a

discussion on the importance o love and

the fve human values in water education.

His motivational presentation was ollowed

by Andre Dzikus who summarized the back-

ground and UN involvements in human

values-based water, sanitation and hygiene

education (HVBWSHE). Sagie Naiker then

shared success stories rom Arica using the

HVBWSHE methods.

Julia Nelson presented on Project WETs

experience in developing and customizing

HVBWSHE materials or Latin America. Lastly,

Teddy Tindamanyire summarized data on thebehavior changes o students in the Uganda

HVBWSHE project carried out in collabora-

tion with Project WET.

During one session, the speakers and

participants were joined by Rol Stahlhoen,

an internationally-acclaimed German musi-

cal artist and a UN-HABITAT Messenger o

Truth, who shared his vision or the creationo his new song Water is Lie, which debuted

later that day at the Expo. He based the song

on the human connection to water and the

right to water or all people.

Main Messages:

i. Several key fndings came out o the dis-

cussions and presentations at the HVB-

WSHE seminar. Emphasis was placed on

incorporating the fve human values o

peace, love, truth, non-violence and right

conduct into educational projects.

ii. In these human-values based water edu-

cation projects, ocus should be on be-

havioral changes and incorporate strate-

gies such as:

- Build into schools curriculum educa-

tion in values-based water, sanitation

and hygiene education

- Political buy-in

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- Diverse strategies should be employed

such as health clubs, text message re-

minders and locally-customized mate-

rials

iii. Best practices or sustainability are criti-

cal and should include monitoring and

evaluation, increased ownership rom

the local community (work with the com-

munity and not or the community), local

knowledge and traditional practices and

enhancement o local skill development.

The HVBWSHE working group was estab-

lished rom participants o this seminar with

Project WET Foundation serving as modera-

tor.

AMCOW World Water ForumArican Caucus

Background

AMCOW was selected as the Regional Co-

ordinator to drive the process or the Arica

Region Preparatory Process or the 6th World

Water Forum in Marseille, France, scheduled

or 2012. The 6th World Water Forum relies

on our processes: Thematic, Regional, Politi-

cal and Grassroots / Citizenship, and requiresthat a Regional Process (RP) should take place

in each o the our major continental re-

gions o the world Arica, Americas, Asia-

Pacifc, and Europe (at large).

Aricas Preparatory Process 1st Multi

Stakeholders Forum, Cape Town, 20th March

2011

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OUTCOME OF THE THEMATIC SESSIONS


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As part o the required actions expected

o AMCOW, the Secretariat organized the

1st Multi-Stakeholders Forum or the A-

ricas Preparatory Process on 20 March 2011

in Cape Town, South Arica. Both the Steer-

ing and Coordinating Committees were set

up at the orum. The purpose o the orum

was to achieve commitments and solutions

through defning targets that are SMART

(Specifc, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic,

Time bound). The orum was attended by

our AMCOW Ministers representing various

regions in the persons o Hon. S.S. Nkomo,

AMCOW EXCO Vice-President, Southern

Arica / Minister o Water Resources Devel-

opment and Management, Zimbabwe; Hon.

Mamadou Igor Diarra, AMCOW EXCO Vice-President, Western Arica / Minister o Energy

and Water, Mali; Rgis Immongault, Minister

o Energy and Water Resources, Gabon and

Kamal Ali Mohamed, Minister o Irrigation

and Water Resources or Sudan. Other at-

tendees include Technical Advisory Com-

mittee representatives, other governmental

delegates as well as delegates rom donor

agencies and development partners, devel-

opment banks, the private sector and civil

society organisations.

The orum identifed the ollowing nine

targets and coordinators:

i) Develop and implement sanitation and

water plans to bring back on track the

neglected areas, including post-conict

countries, inormal settlements and

slums, rural communities and small

towns by 2015. Coordinators: UN Wa-

ter Arica UN-HABITAT*, WaterAid and

Le Centre Rgional pour lEau Potable etlAssainissement aible cot (CREPA).

ii) Develop youth and water strategy by

2012 and AMCOW Gender Strategy to

be implemented in all countries by 2015.

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Coordinators: Global Water Partnership*,

WSP, (Arican Civil Society Network or

Water and Sanitation (ANEW) and Water

and Youth International Movement.

iii) Conduct regional dialogues on the 1997

UN Convention on international water

courses and the UN Convention on Trans-

boundary aquiers and compile points o

agreement and objections or wider con-

sensus by 2015. Coordinators: CEDARE,

UNEP, Global Women Partnership. Es-

tablish fve sub-regional and ten national

Centers /Networks o Excellence by 2015.

Coordinators: AWA, AMCOW, AM-

COST, NEPAD, CEDARE. PLEASE SPELL

THEM OUT

iv) Develop and implement in all countries

innovative fnancial mechanisms includ-

ing taxes, taris, and transers to meet

the Goals fnancial requirements by

2015. Coordinators: ADB/WDA, AWF,

AWA

v) Create ully unctional water divisions

within RECs / AMCOW sub-regional Sec-

retariats/ organizations supported by re-

source pools by 2015. Coordinators: AUC

/AMCOW and CEDARE.

vi) Develop harmonized national, basin and

regional knowledge management and

water inormation mechanisms to sup-

port a harmonized methodology o M

and E or the water sector in Arica and a

pan-Arican state o the water report by

2015. Coordinators: GIZ/AUC, UN WaterArica, CEDARE.

vii) All Arican countries to undertake legal

and institutional reorms to ensure ac-

countability, participatory, efcient and

sustainable WSS and WRM at national

(2015) and basin (2025). Coordinators:

IUCN and UNEP.

viii) Integrate water security and climate resil-

ience into country national development

plans and Arican Water sector repre-

sentation in the negotiation on climatechange starting by COP 18 to ensure

access to incremental unding by 2015.

Coordinators: GWP UN Water Arica.

From now until December, the coordi-

nators will be having consultations and dia-

logue with their respective stakeholders to

come up with solutions to those targets that

are to be reported to the 6th Water Forum inMarseille. We hope to have an Arica Focus

Day during the period.

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Radical Versus incrementalchange how to SWITCH urbanwater systems to meet currentand uture challenges?

Conveners: SWITCH Consortium, UNESCO-

IHE, and ICLEI Local Governments or Sus-

tainability.

Purpose:

i. Explore i and how cities in a developing

country context can accelerate the devel-

opment o their urban water manage-

ment systems by leaprogging to more

sustainable solutions without replicating

the weaknesses o the conventional sys-

tems developed and applied in developed

countries.

ii. Create awareness on the upcoming publi-

cations o the SWITCH project, in particu-

lar the Transitioning Manual, the SWITCH

in the City book, the SWITCH Training Kit

and the City Water tool.

Summary:

The session started with the introduction o

the SWITCH Transitioning Framework that

was ollowed by a panel discussion withSWITCH Learning Alliance acilitators as well

as representatives rom the State o Sao Pau-

lo, the South Arican Water Research Com-

mission and the University o Cape Town.

In the second part, insights were given

into the projects Learning Alliances, the cen-

tral approach used or the collaboration o

researchers with water stakeholders. Finally,City Water was presented. City Water is a

suite o tools to examine the current status

o an urban water system and to look into

potential impacts o interventions to this sys-

tem.

Main Messages

i. The governance system is crucial or the

success or ailure o transitioning. Transi-

tioning without stakeholder participation

is impossible.

ii. The Learning Alliances approach or

stakeholder involvement, more gener-

ally comes with a cost that should not

be underestimated. Having an awareness

o the nature and scope o existing and

emerging problems as well as o the likely

benefts o becoming engaged provides

incentives to those who are expected to

invest time plus human and fnancial re-

sources into a stakeholder process.

iii. The collaboration between universities

and municipalities can be powerul pro-

vided that joint interests and benefts can

be identifed, a common language ound

and mutual trust developed.

iv. Signifcant progress in better water man-

agement can oten already be achieved

by simple but eective changes to policy

and practice.

v. The complex message o system innova-

tion has to be broken down or decision-makers into smaller, more digestible in-

ormation. The key principles are more

important than the details.

vi. Broad awareness on the value o water

has to be (re-)created, and this needs to

happen through education and a closer

involvement o media, but also by mak-

ing water more visible and enjoyable inthe urban landscape.

vii. The transitioning approach is most prom-

ising in smaller cities or in selected smaller

areas such as sub-catchments within

larger cities.


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Water and Green Growth

Conveners: The World Water Council andthe Korean Government (Korean Ministry o

Land Transport & Maritime Aairs, the Kore-

an Presidential Committee on Green Growth

and K-Water).

Purpose:

To publicly launch this joint project (www.

waterandgreengrowth.org) and initiate a

debate on the role that water plays in greengrowth rom a variety o perspectives.

Summary:

International economic and water experts

came together to open the debate and pub-

lic requests were made or examples o suc-

cess and ailure to integrate water into green

growth strategies. The outcomes o the sideevent will help to determine the scope o re-

search required or Phase 1 o the project,

and to identiy practical solutions in dierent

areas o key concern or policy makers work-

ing towards green growth. Initial fndings

will be urther reported on at other interna-

tional orums and a report will be published

or the 6th World Water Forum (Marseilles

France, March 2012), and Rio+20.

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Main Messages:

i. Green growth is not being proposed as a

replacement to sustainable development

but as a way o operationalizing sustain-

able development and developing green

economies.

ii. Green growth is a new paradigm or

growth. In OECD countries it is being

led by economic and fnance ministers

instead o environmental ministers

iii. While there has been much talk about

green growth in recent times, the ques-

tion o how water impacts on green

growth has not yet been addressed.

iv. It is thought that water and green growth

is a cross-cutting basis or sustainable

economic development, and so there will

be no one-size-fts-all solution. Rather, apolicy ramework to guide policy makers

will be required.

v. There is a need to bring business and in-

dustry into this debate with policy mak-

ers, as green growth should be market-

led with government support.

Main Conclusions and Recommendationsi. Collaboration with, and contributions

rom, external organizations around the

world is vital to the success o this proj-

ect.

ii. Everyone is invited to sign up to support

and ollow this project at the ollowing

website www.waterandgreengrowth.org

iii. Linking policy talk with lessons learned on

the ground is imperative and will be one

o the ocuses o this project, through the

examination o case studies rom around

the world at local, national and regional

levels.

iv. It is also important to defne how to moni-

tor and measure water and green growth

through a set o indicators that are yet

to be defned. For example, at a macro-

economic level you can account or the

benefts o a dam through GDP, but you

cannot easily account or the benefts o

wetland restoration through GDP.

v. There are lessons to be learned rom

countries at every stage o economic de-

velopment that can be passed on to all

other countries. Lessons about water

and green growth should not simply ow

in one direction rom rich to poor coun-

tries.

vi. The development o thinking or our re-

search will be naturally linked with United

Nations Conerence on Sustainable De-

velopment processes, which originated

rom 1972 Stockholm United Nations

Conerence Human Environment, 1992

Earth Summit, 2002

vii. Johannesburg World Summit on Sustain-

able Development and will be reached to

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the Rio +20, 2012 through the Marseille

World Water Forum. Environmental, eco-

nomic as well as social actors have been

intermingled and fnally green growth be-

came the product o these processes.

Water The Urban Challenge

Conveners: Global Water Partnership.

Purpose:

i. Address the growing impacts o an ur-

banizing population on the water sector.

ii. Explore opportunities to enhance aord-

able green growth or all while reducingadverse eects on the disadvantaged and

improving the quality o lie or people

and the environment.

Main messages

i. Cities as organisms - they use resourc-

es and generate wealth and waste. The

key is getting the best and reducing the

worst impacts.

ii. Inormal settlements are here to stay.They are the engine through human la-

bor - that drives the cities and economies.

Rather than discriminate, governments at

national level and local level need to work

with the energy and creativity o people

in these settlements to build a better lie

or themselves and in situ upgrading with

service provision is easible but needs

high levels o community involvement.

iii. Nearly all the speakers emphasized the

importance o multi-stakeholder consul-

tation in planning processes at all levels.

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iv. The potential impacts o climate change

need to be taken into account, again at

all levels, as trans-boundary river basin

projects, major cities and secondary cities

are all at risk i these uncertainties o too

much or too little water are not assessed.

v. Youth are the silent majority. They repre-

sent 70 per cent o the urban population

in Arica and we need to engage them

actively as part o the solution.

vi. Cities are increasingly water scarce and

should use grey water, with suitable

health precautions, to increase ood se-

curity and quality o lie.

vii. Engineers need to change their mind sets

and devise appropriate solutions to serve

the majority o citizens who reside in in-

ormal settlements.

viii. Urban water inrastructure has allen way

behind population growth and critical

investment is needed to enable cities to

provide services or both social and eco-

nomic demands.

ix. Cities cast a shadow on the rural land-scape but also provide the market or and

source o essential goods and services

and polices must reect a healthy balance

to enable maximum beneft or the citys

country.

x. Local authorities and citizens must now

reuse, recycle and recharge to enhance

water security at all levels. Changes toregulations are necessary to provide e-

ective means and to encourage these

eorts.

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Fixing the leak in urban areas The South Arican experiences

Conveners: Water Research Commission

and WRP Consulting Engineers

Background

South Arica is a developing country with a

growing population, reected by the ever-

increasing demands or water, particularly in

the urban areas which support the majority

o the countrys near 50 million residents.

As a water-scarce country, it is thereore im-

portant to ensure that all existing water re-

sources developments are utilized efciently

beore new schemes are approved and im-

plemented.

One o the key issues that have been identi-

fed by the Government o South Arica re-

lates to the water losses occurring rom mu-

nicipal water supply systems. In some areas,

the losses rom the reticulation systems are

unacceptably high and, in extreme cases, ex-

ceed the water used by the residents. Such

losses are unacceptable, leading to a wide

variety o interventions designed to reduce

wastage and to encourage the efcient use

o the available resources.

The issue o water-demand management has

been raised by various government organisa-

tions as a key issue that must now be ad-

dressed throughout South Arica, both rom

a water and power viewpoint. It is no longer

an option in many areas, but rather a critical

element o the overall water supply strategy.

For example, in Gauteng - regarded as the

powerhouse o the South Arican economy- it will be necessary to implement water

demand management on a massive scale as

well as develop a new water transer schemes

to keep pace with the growing demands. In

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this regard, South Arica is ortunate to have

one o the most sophisticated water resource

systems in the world to support the water re-

quirements o its growing population. Most

o the major metros and municipalities are

driving water demand management in their

areas o supply with a renewed urgency.

The session included an introduction and

overview o water loss management in South

Arica and the development o the standard

International Water Association (IWA) water-

balance model, with a variation o this model

which accommodates the component o Free

Basic Water being applied in South Arica. It

provided progress towards the benchmark-

ing o water loss in South Arica and the

perormance o dierent Municipalities and

service providers.

This was ollowed by introduction to thefve pragmatic tools - SANFLOW, PRESMAC,

ECONOLEAK, BENCHLEAK and Water Audit

Sotware - which can be used and which are

applied by municipalities in managing water

losses with examples given o its application

in South Arica and the rest o the world.

The session highlighted South Arica as a

leader in advanced pressure management

and which has introduced three o the larg-

est and most successul installations o their

type in the world two o which are in Cape

Town. Asset management is a key require-

ment as it supports good water loss reduc-

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mcp w ppy ym

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tion. Two risk management modules - VUL-

WATER and RISKWATER - were introduced to

complement asset management strategies.

Key Messages

i) A number o pragmatic and innovative

tools are available.

ii) Measuring and benchmarking water loss-

es in a standard and pragmatic approach

is important at a national level or devel-

oping national strategies and policies.

iii) The International Water Associations

standard water balance has been used

as the basis or water auditing in South

Arica.

iv) In many parts o South Arica pressure

management is oten ound to be the

most appropriate WDM intervention asthe frst stage in a comprehensive strat-

egy. The recently-completed Sebokeng

Pressure Management project has been

recognized throughout the world as one

o the largest and most successul instal-

lations o its type. The installation saved

in excess o USD20 million over the frst

fve years o its operation and had an e-

ective payback period o two months.

v) Payback periods can, in some cases, be

weeks or a ew months, with long-term

sustainable gains.

vi) Asset management and risk profling o

assets is important or eective water loss

management.

vii) South Arica is making signifcant prog-

ress on reducing water losses. One o the

key perormance objectives o the Presi-

dent is to reduce water losses by 15 per

cent over the next three years.

In the South Arican context, there is

no single intervention that can be applied

throughout the country. Each area presents

its own set o problems, which oten require

a complex range o WDM interventions.

Many other WDM projects have been suc-

cessully implemented throughout the coun-

try and the momentum is growing to tacklewater losses in every major urban centre.

a p mgm Khyh.

Photo Water Research

Commission


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Monday 21 March 2011

Water and Urbanization or theArican Water Caucus

Conveners: United Nations Human Settle-

ment Programme (UN-HABITAT); the Arican

Ministers Council on Water (AMCOW); the

United Nations Environment Programme

(UNEP) and WaterAid.

Event Purpose:

During the Arica Water Week III in Novem-

ber 2010 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, AMCOW

announced its resolve to make eorts to en-

hance the political prioritization to meet the

water and urbanization challenges to trig-

ger investments and develop credible and

implementable urban plans. A joint working

group by AMCOW and Housing and Urban

Development (AMCHUD) was proposed. The

purpose o this session was to discuss and

make recommendations or consideration

by the Arica Caucus Panel on a ramework

and Terms o Reerence o the proposed AM-

COW-AMCHUD Joint Working Group.

Summary:The event explored modalities to harness and

scale up the positive progress identifed dur-

ing the 3rd Arica Water Week. Presentations

were made on the current state o Arican

cities, reorms or improved governance pro-

cesses, opportunities or integration o WAT-

SAN in urban planning processes, monitoring

and reporting sector perormance, as well asopportunities or fnancial resource mobiliza-

tion or urban WATSAN services.

Main messages:

i. Most o Aricas urban growth is project-

ed to be absorbed by its medium-size cit-

ies and smaller settlements with a popu-

lation o ewer than 500,000 people.

ii. The high rate o urbanization in Arica

has not been matched by the ability o

governments to improve basic WATSAN

inrastructure development and service

delivery.

iii. The provision or water and sanitation

cannot be viewed in isolation and needs

to be integrated careully with urban

planning.

iv. The urbanization process oers oppor-

tunities that could be tapped to improve

WATSAN access in the areas o gover-

nance, available fnancial resources, quickwin interventions and perormance moni-

toring.

v. In line with the decision made during

the 3rd Arica Water Week, the meet-

ing discussed and agreed in principle on

a proposed ramework or a joint work-

ing group o AMCOW and AMCHUD to

work closely or eectively addressing theurban water and sanitation challenges.

.



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Water and Disaster

Conveners:High-Level Experts Panel on Wa-

ter and Disaster which included HLEP and

UNSGAB (United Nations Secretary-Generals

Advisory Board on Sanitation), ISDR, WWC,Korea Water Forum, Japan Water Forum and

UN-HABITAT.

Purpose:

The side event aims to acilitate ocused

discussion on three issues: recognizing the

devastation o water-related disasters, posi-

tioning disaster risk reduction in sustainable

development and fnancing preventive mea-

sures, which are critical in advancing water

and disasters towards achieving the Goals

and beyond. It takes snapshots o those key

issues and identifes the next steps. It ormu-

lates messages to inspire decision-makers

and these massages will be disseminated at

key events.

Summary

Speakers identifed the regional diversity o

water-related disasters and introduced ap-

proaches that would be appropriate or local

conditions.

Participants o the side event highlighted

the importance o disaster risk reduction as

sustainable development and green growth

cannot be achieved without a society resilient

to water-related disasters. They stressed that

continuous eorts or preventive rather than

reactive measures need to be enhanced.

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Main Messages:

i. Resilient society is based on disaster risk

reduction by reinorcing investments ininrastructure, by maintaining acilities

at local levels and by enhancing capac-

ity building - including early warning sys-

tems.

ii. Necessary actions must be taken beore

disaster strikes at all levels. Governments

should have a primary responsibility to

proactively promote capacity building

and fnancing. Local authorities and com-

munities should enhance preparedness

and vulnerability reduction. The interna-

tional community, such as donors, should

support them in this context and all ac-tions should be monitored.

iii. The public should stay aware o the im-

portance o disaster risk reduction. A

strategic approach to keeping this visible

should be installed or raising awareness

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International Water Quality Stan-dards/Guidelines or Ecosystems

Conveners:UNEP.

Purpose:

i. Present the activities o UN-Water and

UNEP to develop ecosystem water quality

standards/guidelines or reshwater eco-

systems.

ii. Stimulate discussions on the develop-

ment o these standards/guidelines.iii. Agree on a conceptual approach to the

development o the standards/guidelines.

iv. Discuss the scope o the standards/guide-

lines as well as the process to develop the

standards/guidelines.

Main messages:

i. Water Pollution is on the rise: 1.1 bil-lion people lack access to a clean water

supply and 2.5 billion people are without

sanitation.

ii. Untreated wastewater is entering water-

ways untreated in both Arica and Asia.

iii. There are water quality standards or

thematic areas, human use and receivingwaters but not or ecosystems.

iv. The side event is the launch o a consulta-

tive process, looking at what we want to

achieve and how to go about it.

Key Recommendations and Conclusions

Conceptual Approach and Principles

i. We need to question the levels at which

we want to work. For example, restoring

ecosystems or simply halting the decline?

The guiding point should be what water

services do we want to get out o ecosys-

tems and what level o unctioning does

an ecosystem need to have to make these

services sustainable or us?

ii. We may be looking at a scenario-based

approach, where dierent ecosystem

standards/guidelines are or dierent sce-

narios.

iii. We do not have a defnition o a good

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ecological status. This needs more work

and should be taken into account when

deciding what our baselines might be.

iv. Harmonising the dierences between re-

gions and countries to develop standards

at the international level will be a chal-

lenge.

Conclusion: A ramework or matrix ap-

proach may be best to allow or dierences

in scenarios, uses, countries and regions.

Scope

i. A key dierence that ecosystem stan-

dards need to cater or are high vs low

income countries and their dierent sce-

narios. For example, Europe is looking at

emerging issues while most o Arica is

looking at traditional standards such as

pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TSS).

ii. The health o ecosystems will need to be

assessed, such as distinguishing between

naturally-occurring and human-induced

impacts.

iii. The scope o the standards should be ap-

plicable to dierent levels o investmentand management.

iv. A challenge will be to combine or inte-

grate the exercise with other processes

and initiatives.

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h ac d a.

Photo Robert Bos, WHO,

Geneva, 2006



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Conclusion: A common but dierentiated

approach may be needed. However, the

scoping study will make recommendationson scope and the process will evolve ater it

has been published.

Road Map

Conclusion: In the coming months, with

the guidance o the scoping study, dierent

types o working groups will be identifed

which will be populated with the appropriate

expertise needed to develop the standards/

guidelines.

A CSIR Perspective on Water inSouth Arica 2010: A paneldiscussion

Conveners: The Council or Scientifc and

Industrial Research (CSIR) with panel mem-

bers rom the Department o Water Aairs

(DWA), Water Research Commission, Rand

Water and the CSIR.

Purpose:

Presenters unpacked, rom a science-based

perspective, the current challenges acing the

water sector and where research and man-

agement eorts should be ocused to meet

them. A key ocus o the discussion was to

present expert opinion in a public orum and

to promote science-based decision making.

The discussion was based on a newly pub-

lished report: A CSIR Perspective on Water in

South Arica 2010.

Summary and Main Messages:i. The event comprised a panel discussion

with questions and comments rom del-

egates. Approximately 30 delegates, in-

cluding members o the media, attended

the session.

ii. Mbangiseni Nepumbada, Acting Direc-

tor-General: Policy and Regulation rom

the Department o Water Aairs, South

Aricadelivered the keynote address.

iii. Ater presentations by panel members,

led by Dr Deon Nel, there were discus-

sions and the main messages and conclu-

sions resulting rom them centred around

knowledge uptake:

o There was a strong sentiment that,

although research is extremely impor-

tant or inormed policy and decisionmaking, we cannot research orever.

We need to start implementing solu-

tions albeit on a small scale with

the knowledge we have and learn as

we go along.

th wy phd p: a Csir Ppcv

W sh ac 2010.

Photo CSIR


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o We tend to underestimate the end

part where research needs to be

taken up; there is an expectation thattechnology will give a push-button

solution and that is oten not the case

all parties must be involved early in

a project to ensure the end-users and

implementers are on board. More f-

nancial and skills investment are

needed in this area.

o We must document and publish suc-

cesses along the way. People eel

overwhelmed by the magnitude o

work to be done in the water resource

management feld but examples o

success are a great catalyst or action.

o Research uptake could be ailing be-

cause o inadequate interpretation

o policies (knowledge brokering re-

quirement?).

o Implementation could ail because

o a lack o local understanding and

responsive strategies. A delegate

mentioned an example o a poor

community with new sanitation inra-

structure. The inrastructure is already

in disrepair because the community

cannot aord toilet paper and will

not use ood money to buy toilet

paper. The use o newspaper is clog-

ging up the pipes with the commu-

nity responding, Why dont you put

in bigger pipes

th xpc h

chgy w gv ph-

d h

h c.

Photo CSIR



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Right to Water and Sanitation

Conveners: Department o Water Aairs,Republic o South Arica (DWA) and UN-

HABITAT

Purpose:

To explore the experiences o the rights-based

approach to water and sanitation in South

Arica and discussing how the approach can

be taken orward in other countries.

Main Massages:

Financing the universal right to water is

achievable or a middle-income country

such as South Arica, even with high in-

herited backlogs.

A rights-based approach needs to be

balanced with adequate attention to how

systems are managed and sustained.

It is especially important that users using

more than the minimum basic amount

pay or the ull cost o the service.

Careul attention needs to be paid to the

implications o a rights-based approach

or how service providers manage cus-

tomer debt.

Involve consumers in service level deci-

sions and this works best i they have a

choice. Most will probably be willing to

pay or a higher and/or better service. Financial viability o water service pro-

viders/municipalities needs to be main-

tained.

Many o the most sustainable and eec-

tive projects around the Right to Water

and Sanitation are those undertaken by

individuals and communities at the grass-

roots level.

My h m

d cvpjc d h rgh

W d s

h dk y

dvd d cmm

h g v.

Photo Agha Khan Foundation


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Community-based approaches, ensuring

partnership between stakeholders ( in-

cluding rights holders and duty bearers)

is an eective way o advancing the Right

and is also lower on costs;

It is necessary to address all aspects o the

Right- sufciency, saety, accessibility, a-

ordability, availability, allocation and sus-

tainability.

Through local awareness, political willand innovative solutions progress can be

made towards achieving the Right.

Collaboration rather than conrontation

between right holders and duty bearers

is the most eective way orward.

Funds are needed but are e oten not the

major constraint in achieving the Right.

Overall, pro-poor water and sanitation

governance is a corner-stone or realising

the Right.

Acting beyond our boundariesto address the challenge othe water-energy-ood nexus:

A business view on the urbancontext

Convener: World Business Council or Sus-

tainable Development (WBCSD), AquaFed,

the International Water Association (IWA)

and the South Arican National Business Ini-

tiative (NBI).

Purpose:Explore an integrated approach to providing

access to water and sanitation in the urban

development and climate change context,

looking at the urban connection with sur-

rounding ecosystems, agriculture and indus-

trial services and with a specifc ocus on the

role o business.

Key messages and recommendations

i. Water security is critical, and closely con-

nected to energy and ood.

ii. Providing water services in a rapidly

changing and urbanizing world is com-

plex.

iii. The water and sanitation service backlog

continues to grow, especially in cities.

iv. The need is huge, particularly in develop-

ing countries.

v. The scale and nature o the urban chal-

lenge adds complexity.

vi. Climate change impacts on water, agri-

culture and cities cannot be ignored.

vii. As a minimum, cities need to optimize

water resources within their operations.

viii. Leading cities are investing beyond their

municipal borders, looking or upstream

and downstream solutions.

ix. Understanding both the urban-rural con-

nection and nature as inrastructure is

important.

x. Pioneering cities are investing in water

basins.

xi. There are both signifcant opportunities

and an important role or business.

xii. Leading businesses are thinking in inno-

vative ways, and are investing outside

the actory ence across the catchment.

xiii. There are great opportunities or job cre-

ation, provided that enabling environ-

ments are created.



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xiv. With the water-energy connection, pow-

er utilities can make a big dierence.

xv. Planning or providing energy, water andood should be integrated as early as pos-

sible, rom top to bottom, and silo think-

ing must be broken.

xvi. All parties must learn to speak the same

language and commit to sharing inor-

mation.

On the Road to Rio+20: Manag-ing water under uncertainty and

riskConvener:United Nations World Water As-

sessment Programme (WWAP) and UNSGAB

(United Nations Secretary-Generals Advisory

Board on Sanitation).

Purpose:

i. Address water management under con-

ditions o uncertainty and risks through

the perspectives o water allocation, di-

sasters and urbanization.

ii. Address the need or accurate inorma-

tion and data.

PhotoW

BCSD


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iii. Highlight the links between water, eco-

nomic and social development and global

processes.

Summary:

Eective planning and management o water

resources depends on a good understandingo uncertainties and risks that can aect its

uses and management. Uncertainties on wa-

ter supplies and demand are related to eco-

nomic and fnancial processes, social changes

and politics. Risks related to water scarcity,

quality degradation, loss o ecosystem ser-

vices and extreme climate events urther

complicate the picture. Objective inormation

on water availability trends is necessary but is

generally not available.

While water is a key resource or other

sectors and or economic and social develop-

ment, it is important to inorm and engage in

decision-making processes in other domains

that are related and have an impact on wa-

ter resources. Water has to be considered in

multiple areas climate, ood, energy and eco-

system health and should be explicitly ad-

Cities, industry, other orms o business and agriculture all need to actbeyond their own boundaries, to address shared risks and opportunitiesto optimize urban water and to invest in building more resilient basins.

PhotoM

ikkelOstergaard/Pano



65/117


dressed in major global processes such as the

Goals, the negotiations on climate change

and Rio+20.

Key recommendations and conclusions:

i. Uncertainty and risks will increase or wa-

ter, particularly due to external pressures

and demand rom other sectors, and we

need to understand them better.

ii. Growing populations and economies, the

improvement o the quality o lie and the

social drive to protect the environment

and allocate more water to ecosystems

represent the major pressures on this re-

source.

iii. In a context o rapid urbanization, sys-

tematic approach to urban planning can

reduce vulnerability and risks and pro-mote green growth.

iv. Risks and uncertainties represent threats

but also opportunities. However, disaster

prevention, or example, is oten consid-

ered as a cost rather than an investment.

v. Water-related disasters such as oods,

droughts, water-related epidemics, land-

slides and amines particularly aect Asiaand Arica. Risk-reduction measures are

investments in economic development.

Risk reduction and climate change adap-

tation should be integral parts o devel-

opment planning.

vi. Climate change, though it can be a rela-

tively marginal actor o pressure on wa-

ter in certain cases, should be considered

as an additional risk and included as a pa-

rameter in planning with a proper weight

when compared with other actors.

vii. Water should not be considered as a sec-

tor but as a resource on which so many

sectors depend such as production, en-ergy, health and ecosystems.

viii. Criteria or water allocation should in-

clude social and livelihood aspects and

not only economic values, including the

Right to water.

ix. Water is highly relevant to the Goals,

Rio+20, green economy and the climatechange negotiations and should be ex-

plicitly addressed in all those processes.

Water monitoring, assessmentand reporting or better decisionmaking, with a ocus on Arica

Convener:United Nations World Water As-sessment Programme (WWAP) and UN-Wa-

ter/Arica with the support o AMCOW.

Purpose:

i. Address the water data and inormation

challenge.

ii. Assess the state o water monitoring

and assessment at national, regional and

global scales.

iii. Present and discuss a roadmap or the

production o an Arican Water Develop-

ment Report as an instrument to achieve

Arica Water Vision.

Summary:

Water resource management is complex

and cuts across many development sectors.

It is necessary to have reliable data and in-

ormation on water resources, their use and

management at national, sub-regional and

regional levels and provide Arican decision-


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makers with an authoritative basis or man-

aging that continents waters.

Developing and putting in place a har-

monized and comprehensive mechanism or

long-term periodic water assessment and re-

porting in Arica serves two main purposes.

It contributes to building a collective under-

standing o water challenges in Arica and

strengthens the continents ability to monitor

and manage water. The process is as impor-

tant as the product.

Key recommendations and conclusions:

i. Inormation and data on water resources,

their use and management and invest-

ment in this area are insufcient at na-tional, regional and global levels. This is

also true in Arica.

ii. Monitoring and evaluation needs to learn

rom the past and see what can be used

or the uture.

iii. Reliable data is needed more than indi-

cators populate relevant indicators andmeet the need o various data users.

iv. New technologies or data collection,

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w c, h d

mgm d vm h fc.

Photo UN-HABITAT/James Ohayo



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measurements and data transmission are

important, as shown by the examples o

ARGOS satellite in Ghana and the use oInternet-based Inormation Systems by

Southern Arican Development Commu-

nity (SADC).

v. The production o an Arican Water De-

velopment Report (AWDR) is envisaged

as a vehicle to achieve the Arica Water

Vision.

vi. Its production process should be a com-

bination o top-down and bottom up

approaches: a global lead might be nec-

essary but the AWDR should build on na-

tional/basin reports and allow the devel-

opment o capacity at national/basin level

as well as utilization o national analysis

and decision making to ensure ownership

and commitment.

vii. The production process is as important

as the product. It helps to build the un-

derstanding o water challenges and

strengthen capacity at local, national and

regional levels.

viii. The AWDR should serve the needs o the

basins / countries and needs to be re-en-dorsed by the Arican Ministers Council

on Water (AMCOW).

ix. While a medium- to long-term mecha-

nism to produce the Arican Water De-

velopment Report on regular basis is be-

ing developed, an Interim Report will

be produced under the auspices o the

World Water Assessment Programmeand launched during the 6th World Wa-

ter Forum in Marseilles in March 2012.

Non-Revenue Water Reduction:An Arican Perspective

Conveners: United Nations Human Settle-

ments Programme (UN-HABITAT); UN-Water

Decade Programme on Capacity Develop-

ment (UNWDPC) and Arican Development

Bank.

Background

Non-revenue water is a widespread issue

which has signifcant fnancial and environ-

mental repercussions. However, a

Informe Del Dia Mundial Del Agua 2011

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Transcript of Informe Del Dia Mundial Del Agua 2011