Índice de Ambiente de Negócios 2010

8/3/2019 ndice de Ambiente de Negcios 2010

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2010Agosto | August

ndice doAmbiene deNecioBine Confdence Index


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ndice do Ambiente de negcios KPmg moAmbique APril 2010Business ConidenCe index o KPMG MozaMBique aPril 2010

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ndice dAmbiente deNegcisBusiness Cndence Inde


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embAixAdA dA noruegA, cooPerAo Alem e usAideMBassy o norway, GerMan CooPeration and usaid

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Pc | Preace 4

1. i | Intrductin 6

2. Mg | Methdg 8

3. o C Mc-cmc c amb ngc m MmbMacr-ecnmic cntet the Business Cndence Inde in Mzambiue 10

4. o ac ecmc | The Ecnmics Actrs 144.1. tm ac ecmc | Distributin b Firm Size 154.2. db sc | Distributin b Sectr Actiit 164.3. lg ac Ecmc | Time in Business 17

5. o c amb ngc | The Business Cndence Inde 185.1. c G | Genera inde 195.2. c Pc | Princia Inde 245.3. c sc | BCI Sectra Inde 295.4. c m tm m | Inde per Firm Size 36

6. Ppc Gb b amb ngc m 2010 | 2010 Gba perspectie n Businesses Cndence 406.1. Pcp Gb | Genera Perceptin 416.2. Pcp b e c Mc-cmc

Perceptin n the eects Macr-ecnmics Factrs 446.2.1. Cmpm Mc | Behaiur Metica 446.2.2. e t J | Changes in Interest Rate 46

6.3. Pcp b Cmc im | Perceptin n Trade and Inestment 47

6.3.1. d pc imp ep bDuratin Imprt and Eprt Prcedures 47

6.3.2. u C C Cmc icUse the credit etters in Internatina Trade transactins 48


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ndiCeTABlE oF CoNTENTS

6.3.3. occ Pgm dcm a lc imp epNn-Dcumented paments n Imprt and Eprt licensing 48

6.3.4. P Pgm ig rc a mReatie weight nn-dcumented Paments n Firms Annua Reenues 49

6.4. Pcp b P B s Pbc Perceptin n the Prisin Pubic Gds and Serices 506.5. Pcp b e ac G | Perceptin n the eect Gernance Issues 51

6.5.1. e rm sc Pbc | The eect Pubic Sectr Rerm 516.5.2. s m s p p sc Pbc Satisactin with the prisin Pubic Sectr Serices 526.5.3. Cpc P im | Capacit t Pride Inrmatin 52

6.5.4. Pcp b n Bcc | Perceptin abut the ee Bureaucrac 536.5.5. tmp p p cm c cm impTime t deaing with ta issues 55

6.5.6. sj M Cp | Faced with Crruptin Behaiur 566.6. Pcp b c lg M--ob | Perceptin n the eect abur Factrs 58

6.6.1. e M s Mm | The eect Changes in the Minimum Wage 586.6.2. b empg M ob | Feibiit n Empment 59

6.7. Pcp b c om lg | Perceptin n lega order Factrs 616.7.1. e rm sm Jc | Eect the lega Sstem Rerm 61

6.8. Pcp b Cmpm C | Perceptin n Cntracts Enrcement 626.8.1. dc p cmp cm C | Barriers t Cntract Enrcement 626.8.2. P rc r icmpm C

Reenue lss rm ack Cntract Enrcement 64

7. Cc | Cncusin 66

8. a 1: n Mgc | Methdgica Ntes 68

9. c tcc | Technica Recrd 72


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PreCioPREFACE

A abertura d Gern de Mambiuede trabahar cm sectr priad eutrs parceirs, entendida cmum esr necessri e ti paraprprcinar um ambiente de negciscada ez mais are para sectr

empresaria.

A pesuisa sbre ndice de Ambientede Negcis (IAN) eita numa baseanua e surge da iniciatia cnjunta entrea KPMG Mambiue, em parceriacm a Cnedera das AssciaesEcnmicas de Mambiue(CTA) e a Cmara de Cmrci eIndstria Mambiue e rica dSu (CCIMoSA). Esta pesuisa nanciada pea Embaiada da Nruega,Cpera Tcnica Aem (GTZ) e napresente edi pea USAID.

o IAN tem cm principa bjecticaptar as dierentes percepes dsagentes ecnmics sbre ne deestabiidade e eu d ambientede negcis em Mambiue numdeterminad perd. A pesuisaaaia iguamente a percep dsactres ecnmics sbre aspects degerna cm impact n ambientede negcis.

A pesuisa desenida cmrecurs anise de arieis dende ecnmica, scia, ptica einstitucina ue aectam desempenhds negcis n pas. A presenteedi da pesuisa, az a cmpiada inrma rechida n primeirtrimestre de 2010.

o deseniment desta pesuisa,permite: (i) medir impact dsacnteciments sci-ecnmics,ptics e institucinais n cima denegcis em 2010; (ii) aaiar grau decnana ue s actres ecnmicsdepsitam n mei em ue reaizamseus negcis; (iii) prmer de rma

sistemtica a transparncia n mercadnacina; (i) cnerir mair credibiidadea mercad mambican junt dsinestidres nacinais e estrangeirs; e() rnecer uma erramenta de api tmada de decises a ne institucinae empresaria.

Actuamente, a pesuisa tmadacm um barmetr d prgress naagenda de dig entre sectr priade gern. o IAN ajuda as empresasa aaiar estgi actua d mercadmambican, prgress de certas

medidas tmadas pe gern paraa mehria d ambiente de negcis, ne da impementa dessasmedidas e panejament estratgic

um mb gc p c cbc p m c p, p c gm c mp p, m m, g m mpg m c pp.

A transparent businesses enirnment enabe priate sectrdeepment, as it encurages the emergence businessinitiaties in the cuntr, attracts mre inestments, generatesmre jbs and incmes, and it impres iing cnditins the ppuatin.


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em Mambiue. Neste sentid, IANmede prgress n diag cnstanteentre gern e sectr priad sbrea agenda de mehria d ambiente denegcis n pas.

A inrma cntida neste dcument de interesse ds inestidresnacinais e estrangeirs, acadmics edecisres de ptica, pis ea rneceuma base para a anise ds principaisriscs e prtunidades ue s seusnegcis enrentam num dad perd.

Um aspect imprtante a destacarnesta edi a intrdu de nasuestes igadas a Cmrci eInestiment. Estas uestes ramintrduzidas para abrdar agunsaspects reacinads cm cmrci

internacina, tais cm: a dura dprcess de imprta e eprta, us da carta de crdit nas transaes,bem cm a crrncia de pagamentsinrmais na auisi de icenas paraeste tip de peraes.

A partir de 2009 a pesuisa trnu-semais abrangente, cbrind tdas asprncias d pas. Na presente edi, IAN cmpst pr uma amstrarepresentatia de 1000 empresas.

Em 2010, ndice gera decresceuem 4.5 pnts percentuais (pp)

reatiamente a edi anterir. Ane sectria s actres reerentesas seris de cmunica e rneciment de energia e gua rams ue cntriburam psitiamentepara a psi d IAN, ta cm sereerem s agentes ecnmics.Em cntrapartida, s actres ueapresentam a pir cassica nranking s: ne de criminaidade,crime rganizad e crrup. Umutr aspect ue mereceu agumareerncia pes agentes ecnmics a priera d sectr inrma n

pas, ue traz cm cnseuncia acmpeti desea.

A KPMG Mambiue apreita estaprtunidade para agradecer a tdasas empresas ue tem respndidprntamente a esta pesuisa, pis si psse eectiar este dcumentcm a cntribui genersa de 1000empresris e presidentes das diersasassciaes ecnmicas d pas.

Pr tim, mas n mens imprtante, nss muit brigad asnanciadres pe seu indispenseapi nanceir na prdu destet imprtante instrument para acmunidade empresaria e agentes dedecis as mais dierentes neis.

Mzambican Gernment pennesst wrking with the priate sectrand ther partners is understd as anecessar and useu ert t pride amre enabing trade enirnment r thebusiness sectr.

The Business Cndence Inde (BCI)research is an annua eercise, and it is ajint initiatie KPMG Mzambiuein partnership with the Cnederatin the Mzambiue Ecnmic Assciatin(CTA), the Chamber Cmmerce andIndustr Mzambiue-Suth Arica(CCIMoSA). This present editin the research is unded b the GermanTechnica Cperatin (GTC), Embass Nrwa and USAID.

The BCI main bjectie is t captureperceptins rm dierent ecnmic

agents n the stabiit and changingMzambiue businesses enirnmentin a gien perid. The research euaassesses ecnmic actrs perceptinsabut gernance issues with impact the business enirnment.

The research is based n the anasis scia, ecnmic, pic and institutinaariabes that aect businessperrmance in the cuntr. The currentresearch editin reers t data andinrmatin cected in the rst uarter ear 2010.

The ndings rm this research awst: (i) measure the impact sci-ecnmic, pitica and institutinaeents in the businesses cimatein 2010; (ii) eauate the degree cndence that ecnmic actrs entrustt the business enirnment theperate in; (iii) sstematic prmtin natina market transparenc; (i) cnermre credibiit the Mzambicanmarket t natina and reign inestrs;and () aaiing a supprt t tthe decisin making prcess at theinstitutina and business ees.

At the mment, the BCI is seen asa barmeter with which prgress ngernment-priate sectr diagueagenda is measured. The priate sectruses the BCI t assess the currentstatus the Mzambican market;prgress n gernment measures timpre the business enirnment, anda strategic panning t in Mzambiue.As such, the BCI measures prgressin the dnamic diague between thegernment and the priate sectrn prgress made t impre the

businesses enirnment in the cuntr.The inrmatin rm this dcumentis interest t natina and reigninestrs, academics and pic

makers interest as it prides a basisr anasis the main risks andpprtunities that businesses ace in agien perid.

An imprtant aspect t highight in this

editin is the incusin Trade andInestment actrs. These issues wereintrduced t capture internatina tradereated aspects, such as: the ength imprt and eprt prcesses, the use credit etters in transactins, as weas side paments incidence n icensesacuisitin transactins.

Frm 2009 the research becamemre cmprehensie cering a theprinces in Mzambiue. The presenteditin cmprises a representatiesampe 1000 cmpanies.

The ndings shw that in 2010the genera BCI decreased 4.5percentage pints (pp) cmpared t thepreius editin. At the sectr ee,cmmunicatin serices and the energand water supp actrs cntributedpsitie r the BCI psitin, as per theecnmic agents perceptins. on thether hand, the actrs that cntributednegatie t ranking are: criminait,rganized crime and crruptin. Antheractr reerred t b ecnmic agents isthe grwth the inrma sectr seenas awing unair cmpetitin.

KPMG Mzambiue takes thispprtunit t thank a the cmpaniesthat hae readi answered t thisresearch. Withut the generuscabratin the 1000 rms, andthe presidents seera ecnmicassciatins, the research wud haent been pssibe.

last but nt the east imprtant, urthanks g t the inestrs that madetheir indispensabe nancia supprtr the prductin such an imprtantt r the business cmmunit and

decisin makers at dierent ees.

J G-Mpsc | Partner KPMG


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Para eeit, gern deMambiue tem estad aimpementar a ng ds timsans, uma srie de medidascm ista a prmer um rpidcresciment e desenimentd sectr priad. o dig entre sectr priad e gern tem

cntribud cnsideraementepara a tmada de tais medidas ueentre utras pdem-se destacar asseguintes: (i) a rega d CdigCmercia de 18881; (ii) a aprad Cdig de Regist das Entidadeslegais2; (iii) a pubica eectrnicads estatuts de sciedades3; (i) acria e cnsida ds Bacesde Atendiment nic (BAs)4; e a() cria d Institut de Peuenase Mdias Empresas (PMEs). Aiada estas medidas, i iguamentecriada a Estratgia para a Mehria d

Ambiente de Negcis, a respectiaMatriz de Impementa e Centrde Inrma de Negcis. Estestims instruments permitemagiizar icenciament de actiidadesecnmicas, aciitar a impementade prjects baseads na iniciatiapriada bem cm a dissemina deinrma sbre s negcis n pas.

Para am das medidas acimadescritas, gern intrduziurecentemente um cnjunt derermas isand a feibiizada resu de cnfits abrais,

a peracinaiza ds benecisscais, a feibiiza da aprade prjects de inestiment, increment da crdena dainspec das actiidades ecnmicas,a aciita d cmrci internacina,e a simpica de prcedimentspara icenciament de actiidades.Acresce-se a estas, a eiminada eigncia de capita mnim, acmbina de aguns prcedimentspara a bten de icenas decnstru, a simpica d prcessde pagament ds impsts e a

a d sari mnim pr sectres

de actiidades.

A ne d uadr ptic, destaueai para a rmua de egisasbre a ancia e inspec nica.A impanta destas rermas aipermitir reduzir s custs de transana actiidade ecnmica e aumentara prdutiidade, cmpetitiidade e

fresciment d empresariadnacina.

Para am d ambiente ega acimadescrit, aces cmpementaresram send desenidas cmparticuar aten a inestimentna cnstru e epans de inra-estruturas sci-ecnmicas, prisde seris bsics para estimuar deseniment de iniciatiaspriada e inestiment em PMEs,a epans da rede nacina deenergia ectrica e da cbertura

da rede de teenia me, ae de Internet a mais distrits dpas. Estas aces permitem uemuits empreendiments sciais eecnmics sejam desenids npas.

D ad d sectr priad, eiste recnheciment da imprtncia daintrdu das rermas at agraimpementadas pe gern. Nentant, ainda persistem agunsprbemas e desas n mbit ddeseniment de negcis emMambiue. Mais cncretamente,n ue diz respeit a (i) uaidade dasinra-estruturas, (ii) acess a crditbancri para sectr prduti, e a(iii) uaidade d capita human. Nestesentid ainda h um ng caminhpara a cnsida ds esrs atagra eits.

N sentid de cntribuir para atmada de decises de inestimentn pas, a KPMG Mambiue, emparceria cm a CTA e a CCIMoSA ecm nanciament da Embaiadada Nruega, a Cpera Aem

e a USAID uniram esrs para a

pubica da edi 2010 da pesuisaIAN em Mambiue.

o IAN ajuda empresariad nacina e gern a aaiar estgi actua dmercad mambican, prgressn dig sbre medidas tmadaspe gern para a mehria dambiente de negcis, ne da

sua impementa e impact naactiidade ecnmica empresaria.

A presente edi abrangeu umaamstra representatia de 1000empresas a ne nacina, distribudaspes dierss sectres de actiidade.Este dcument anaisa as percepeschidas de empresris atras deum uestinri e cmpementadapr inrma rechida nas diersasentreistas administradas junt deassciaes empresariais n pas,e d cnheciment ds anaistas e

inrmantes chaes cm uem ramtrcads pnts de ista sbre sresutads preiminares da pesuisa decamp.

A ecnmia de Mambiue temregistad um rpid crescimentns tims ans, mas a mehriad ambiente de negcis cntinuasend um desa para pas. Istresuta da incidncia de eeadsneis de crrup, de criminaidade,um de rac sistema de transprtee um imitad acess a crdit.Nta-se ainda aguma burcracia nasinstituies pbicas e crrncia decass de imprtaes iegais. Estesactres cnstituem aguns dscnstrangiments enrentads para inestiment d sectr priad.

os resutads da pesuisa uea seguir ser dcumentadsderiam d trabah de uma euipa depesuisadres da KPMG ue tdss ans cnduzem um inurit decarcter cndencia a participantescuja identidade e as respstas n se n ser, em nenhum mment,

diugadas pea rma.

1. introduoINTRoDUCTIoN

1 Este act cntribuiu para a desburcratiza d prcess de regist de empresas, eiminand a necessidade de escritura pbica para a cnstitui dassciedades.2 A apra deste cdig permitiu a simpica ds prcediments administratis inerentes a regist cmercia, passand mesm a ser eit em apenasum dia.3 Este prcediment imprimiu uma mair ceeridade n regist e cnstitui das mesmas das empresas.4 os BAUs permitem agiizar icenciament de actiidades ecnmicas, aciitand tambm a impementa de prjects baseads em iniciatias priadas.

A cria de um empresariad nacina rte, dinmic ecmpetiti depende undamentamente da eistncia de umambiente de negcis are atrac de inestiments e prm da cmpetitiidade d pas n mercad.


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Twards that end, the Mzambicangernment has been ateimpementing taking a range measures with the iew prmtingast grwth and deepment thepriate sectr. The priate sectrand the gernment diague hascnsiderab cntributed t such

measures amng which the wingcan be highighted: (i) the repea the 1888 Cmmercia Cde1; (ii)the appra the lega EntitiesRegistratin Cde2; (iii) the eectrnicpubicatin the scieties statutes3;(i) the creatin and cnsidatin one Stp Shps (BAS)4; and () theestabishment the Sma and MediumEnterprise Institute (IPEME). In additin,a strateg r impring the BusinessEnirnment was deeped tgetherwith the impementatin matri and theBusiness Inrmatin Center. The atter

instruments streamined the icensingprcess ecnmic actiities whichaciitates prject impementatinrm priate initiatie as we as thebusiness inrmatin disseminatin inthe cuntr.

Furthermre, the gernment hasrecent intrduced a number rerms, aiming at feibiit in aburcnfict resutin, mre peratinasca benets prcesses, appra inestment prjects, mre crdinatinin the inspectin ecnmic actiities,

eas internatina trade prceduresand simpied icensing prceduresr engaging in ecnmic actiities.In additin, it shud be added theeiminatin the minimum capitareuirements, cmbinatin smeprcedures t btaining cnstructinicenses, simpicatin the tapament prcedures and the setting sectr based minimum saar.

At the pic ee, highights g tthe recent egisatin n businessbankruptc aw and singe inspectin.The impementatin these rerms

wi enabe businesses t reducetransactin csts in ecnmicactiities and increase prductiit,cmpetitieness and natina businessgrwth.

Beside the abe-describedega atmsphere, the were

cmpementar actins taken withcus n inestments in cnstructinand epansin sci-ecnmicinrastructures, prisin basicserices t stimuate the deepment priate initiaties and inestments insma and medium cmpanies (SMC),epansin the natina eectricitnetwrk and mbie phne, teephneand Internet netwrk cerage t mredistricts in the cuntr. These actinsaw the deepment mre sciaand ecnmic interentins in thecuntr.

Frm the priate sectr side, thereis recgnitin n the imprtance rerms intrduced s ar b thegernment. Neertheess, thereare sti prbems and chaengeahead r the business cmmunitin Mzambiue. Mre specica,these chaenges are reated t: (i)Inrastructures uait imprement,(ii) access t banking ans r theprductie sectr, and (iii) enhancinghuman capita uait. Therere there issti a ng wa r the cnsidatin the erts dne s ar.

KPMG Mzambiue in partnershipwith CTA and CCIMoSA and withthe Nrwa Embass, the GermanCperatin and USAID unding thisBCI research is an ert t impre theenabing enirnment b cntributingtwards the imprement theinestment decisin making prcess inMzambiue.

The BCI heps the natina businesscmmunit and the gernmentt eauate the current stage Mzambiues market, the prgress in

the diague between the gernmentand the priate sectr n measurestaken t impre the businessesenirnment, and the impact piciesn ecnmic business-reated actiities.

The research is based n a natinarepresentatie sampe 1000

cmpanies, perating in dierentactiit sectrs. This dcument anazesentrepreneurs perceptins cectedthrugh a structured uestinnairecmpemented b inrmatin rma number interiews administered tbusiness assciatins in the cuntr.The anasis as incudes KPMGanasts knwedge and iews rmke inrmants with whm preiminarresearch ndings were shared.

In recent ears Mzambiues ecnmhas shwn a rapid grwth. Hweer,impring the business enirnmentcntinues t be a chaenge r thecuntr. This resuts rm the incidence high ees crruptin, crime, prtransprt sstem and imited access tcredit. There is sti sme bureaucracin pubic institutins and cases iegaimprts. These actrs are cnstraints tinestment b the priate sectr.

The resuts the research presentedin the sectins t w are rm adiigent KPMG research team thatannua ead a cndentia suren priate sectr participants whse

identit and answers are nt and wiat an mment nt be reeaed b therm.

The emergence a strng, dnamic and cmpetitie natinabusiness cmmunit depends mst rm the eistence aaurabe business enirnment that attracts inestment andprmtes the cuntrs market cmpetitieness.

1 This act cntributed reducing bureaucrac in the registratin prcess, eiminating the need r a pubic deed t cnstitute scieties.2 The appra this cde enabed the simpicatin administratie prcedures inherent t the trade registratin, in rder t be dne n ne da n.3 This prcedure reduced deas in the registratin and cnstitutin the cmpanies.4 The BAUs aws feibiit n icensing ecnmic actiities and it aciitates the impementatin businesses based n priate initiaties.


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2. MetodoloGiaMETHoDoloGy

Dentre s principais bjectis dIAN destacam-se: a caracterizad ambiente ecnmic, aidentica ds maires bstcusa inestiment e s eementsundamentais ue aectam cresciment sustentad d sectrempresaria cm cntribut para debate de pticas pbicas.

A pesuisa busca junt ds gestresdas empresas pinies e perspectiasacerca ds dierss aspects igadsa ambiente de negcis n uaees peram. Estes actres sseeccinads pr um prcess deamstragem tmand em cnta asua representatiidade n mercadnacina. os dads s chids atrasde um uestinri padrnizad, uecntribui para esb de um retratde cada uma das prncias d pas,sectres de actiidade e d pas na suagbaidade. Para am d uestinriram cnduzidas diersas entreistasa inrmantes-chae nas diersasprncias igads a assciaes iadasa CTA, e instituies gernamentais

a ne princia ue permite epicaras cnstataes btidas em cadaprncia.

As percepes captadas estreacinadas cm um cnjunt deactres-chae de natureza macr-ecnmica ue infuenciam directa uindirectamente ambiente de negcisem Mambiue.

o uestinri cmpst prsete seces agrupand actresespeccs nas seguintes categrias:

Factres macr-ecnmics, Mercad nanceir e de crdit,

Cmrci e inestiment,

Inra-estruturas e seris,

Acts de gerna e gern,

Factres igads a m-de-bra, e

Factres de rdem ega.

os participantes da pesuisa IAN

o IAN uma pesuisa anua ue cmbina inrmaes decarcter tant uaitati bem cm uantitati.

BCI is an annua sure that cmbines uaitatie as we asuantitatie data anasis.


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prem de dierentes sectresecnmics agrupads cm se segue:

AgriculturaePescas,

AlimentaoeBebidas,

Banca,LeasingeSeguros,

ComrcioeServios,

Comunicao,InformaoeIT,

ConstruoeMateriaisde

Cnstru,

EnergiaeComercializaode

Cmbusteis,

HotelariaeTurismo,

Indstria,e

Transporte,TerminaiseServios.

A nte de inrma para acncep d pan de amstragemderia d CEMPRE 2002-2003 dInstitut Nacina de Estatstica, dasPesuisas da KPMG sbre as 100Empresas de Mambiue e sbre ndice de Ambiente de Negcis 2008-2009.

A pesuisa crre em 5 asesundamentais, nmeadamente:(i) reis e ajustament dsinstruments de recha de dads5,(ii) eni e recha de dads, incuindentreistas cm pnts cais em cadauma das prncias, (iii) prcessamente anise de dads (i) redac dreatri; e () dissemina dsresutads.

imprtante saientar ue na presenteedi da pesuisa ram incrpradsna anise, uestes adicinais reatiasa cmrci e inestiment, m-de-bra e actres de rdem ega, ue permitiu enriuecer s tpicsabrdads.

Para uma mehr cmpreens daestrutura d uestinri, a cndudas entreistas, prcess deamstragem, prcessament dedads e a cmputa ds scres,cnsute Ane I reerente as NtasMetdgicas.

The research has amng its mainbjecties the pring thebusiness enirnment, identicatin the main cnstraints t businessinestments and the main eements sustainabe business sectr grwth asa cntributin t the debate n pubicpicies.

The research cects rm pinins andbusiness utk rm rm managersthrugh an anasis a number actrs reated t the enirnment theperate. Firm participants are seectedthrugh a samping prcess that takesint accunt their representatienessin the dmestic market. The dataare cected thrugh a standardizeduestinnaire, which heps in shappinga Prtrait each prince in thecuntr, the sectr actiit samped rms and the cuntr as awhe. Apart rm the uestinnaire, anumber interiews were cnductedt ke inrmants rm the princesand ecnmic assciatins members the CTA, and gernment institutinsat princia ee, a which are

supprting eidence bseratinmade in each prince.

The captured perceptins are reatedt a grup the ke actrs themacr-ecnmic nature which directr indirect infuence the businessenirnment in Mzambiue.

The uestinnaire cntains seencategries cmprising 45 specicactrs:

Macro-economicsfactors,

Financialmarketsandcredit, Tradeandinvestments,

Infrastructuresandservices,

Governance,

Labourissues,and

Legalfactors.

Interiews are cnducted tparticipants cming rm a range ecnmic sectrs as

aggregated bew:

AgricultureandFisheries,

FoodandBeverage,

Banking,LeasingandInsurance,

TradeandServices,

Communication,InformationandIT,

Construction,

EnergyandFuels,

HotelandTourism,

Industry,and Transport,TerminalsandServices.

The surces inrmatin r thesamped rms are: CEMPRE 2002-2003 rm the Statistics NatinaInstitute, KPMG database r the Tp100 rms in Mzambiue and rm the2008-2009 BCI databases.

The BCI research cmprises 5 phases,name: (i) reiew and adjustment data cectin ts5, (ii) uestinnairedeier t participants and data

cectin thrugh b princiaenumeratrs, (iii) data prcessingand anasis at KPMG centra cesin Maput (i) reprt writing; and ()resuts disseminatin thrugh a natinaand regina eent.

The current editin incudes newtpics. These are trade and inestment,abur and reated ega issues.The pubicatin as incudes aMethdgica Nte in the anneeswhich heps t better understand theadjustments made in the inde t

cnrm with cacuatins scresused.

5Uma parte substancia d uestinri prmd uestinri usad em edies anterires.

5The majrit the uestins remain rmpreius editins.


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3. o Contexto MaCro-eConMiCo dondiCe de aMBiente de neGCios eMMoaMBiqueMACRo-ECoNoMIC CoNTExT oF THEBUSINESS CoNFIDENCE INDEx INMoZAMBIqUE

Esta sec apresenta de rma sinttica cmprtamentdas principais arieis macr-ecnmicas a ng d an2009. o bjecti iustrar ua i a eu ds principaisindicadres macr-ecnmics, nmeadamente a infa,a taa de cmbi, s neis da baana cmercia e as taasde jur em Mambiue. Uma anise destes indicadrespermite aerir a sua infuncia sbre a percep ds agentesecnmics em rea a ambiente de negcis em 2010.

This sectin prides a brie cntet t the BCI with adescriptin the main macrecnmic ariabes in 2009.

It iustrates the dnamics the main macrecnmicindicatrs, such as the infatin, echange rate, tradebaance and the interest rate in Mzambiue. The anasis these indicatrs prides an eriew the cntet thatinfuences perceptin the ecnmic agents n the businessenirnment in 2010.

InlaoA taa de infa acumuada registadaem Mambiue em 2009 situu-seem 4.21%6, ue i cnsideradcm send a mais baia ds tims 2ans. Este ne signica uma redude 1.98% reatiamente a an 2008.A taa mdia anua de infa u-seem 3.25%7, mantend uma tendnciade desaceera.

A redu da infa ericada em2009 deeu-se essenciamente as

seguintes actres: (i) eternaidadespsitias da cnjuntura de pres nmercad internacina, cm destauepara a ueda acentuada ds presinternacinais das mercadrias ue pas imprta (cmbusteis e cereais);(ii) impact psiti das medidasmacr-ecnmicas tmadas peasautridades n mbit das crisesnanceira internacina e de cereais,(iii) defa ue se ericu nspases ue estabeecem reaescmerciais cm Mambiue, emparticuar a Repbica da rica d Su;

6Betim de Cnjuntura, Feereir de 20107 Sntese da Situa Financeira na quinzena 15-31de Dezembr 2009, Banc de Mambiue


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(i) cresciment rea d PIB (7.8%) acima d preist (6.7%)n PES 2009; e () impact sazna de uma mair ertainterna de rutas, egetais e egumes.

o aument d ne gera de pres em 2009 deeu-seiguamente a agraament ds pres n sectr deAimenta e Bebidas n acicas. Esta cmpnentecntribuiu cm 2,168 pp (pnts percentuais) psitis, ntta da infa acumuada.

Pr utr ad, a ng d an 2009, ne de infabserad e medid a partir d ndice de Pre aCnsumidr (IPC) beneciu-se da redu d pre dscmbusteis uids, n primeir trimestre d an e dasua estabiidade ns trimestres seguintes. Neste perdericu-se ue a infa anua deste grup de prdutsmantee-se negatia, infuenciand cmprtament dacasse ds prduts n aimentares.

Taxa de CmbIoo an 2009 i caracterizad pr uma depreciaacumuada d Metica ace a dar em 9.65%9. Estadeprecia acanu seu pnt mais at em Setembr aatingir 14.1%10. Este cmprtament resutu de uma rtepress cambia ue se refectiu numa eeada prcura dediisas n Mercad Cambia Interbancri (MCI). Para reduzir

InlaTIonThe aggregate infatin rate bsered in Mzambiue in2009 was 4.21%6. Such rate meant a 1.98% reductinrm 2008 and the west r the ast 2 ears. The annuaaerage infatin rate was 3.25%7.

The reduced infatin rate in 2009 was attributed t thewing actrs: (i) psitie eternaities rm internatinamarket prices fuctuatins, particuar the decining prices imprted gds (ues and cereas); (ii) psitie impact the macr-ecnmic measures taken b the authritiesin ight the internatina nancia and cerea crises, (iii)defatin in Mzambiues cmmercia partners, particuar

the Repubic Suth Arica; (i) GDP rea grwth 7.8%eceeding the reseen 6.7% in the PES 2009; and ()dmestic ecess supp ruits, and egetabes.

The genera increase in the price ee in 2009 is mstattributed t rise in Fd and nn- beerages sectr. Thissectr cntributed with 2,168 pp (percentage pints) t theaggregate infatin.

on the ther hand, the infatin rate as measured b theCnsumer Price Inde (IPC) thrughut 2009 was aectedb the price reductin iuid ues, in the rst uarter the ear as we as rm its stabiit in the winguarters. During the ear, the annua infatin rate rm thisgrup prducts remained negatie, which had an impact

P t , 2009, i i pti ic P Ci (IPC) fci-

p cti i,...

o t t , titi t t C PicI (IPC) tt 2009 ct t piccti ii ,...

6Cnjuncture Buetin, Februar 20107 Snthesis the Financia situatin in December 2009 rtnight 15-31,Mzambican Bank.8 Cnjuncture Buetin, Februar 2010

8 INE-Institut Nacina de Estatstica, Dezembr 20099 Betim de Cnjuntura, Mar 201010 Baan d PES 2009, Feereir 2010


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esta press e respnder a demanda de diisas, Bancde Mambiue (BM) endeu n MCI cerca de USD 798mihes11 durante td an.

o cmprtament d Metica ace a Rand i simiar a dDar, tend registad uma taa de deprecia anua de45,59%12, resutante d rtaeciment d Rand n mercadinternacina.

A deprecia d Metica ace as medas ds principaisparceirs internacinais cntribuiu para ue pas btiesseganhs de cmpetitiidade eterna, ist , incrementasse ume das suas eprtaes e a sua capacidade prdutia.

Pr utr ad, em 2009 ericu-se iguamente uma mairprcura d Metica deriada da sua utiiza crescente nacmerciaiza agrca de aguns prduts antes de seremcnertids em medas ds pases izinhs. outrs actresue cntriburam para ta cmprtament d Metica rama eecu ds raments de inestiments de iniciatiascais e prcess de descentraiza nanceira dEstad.

balana ComerCIalA inrma dispne n Baan d PES 2009 sbre abaana de pagaments reea ue cmparatiamente aSetembr de 2008, as eprtaes ttais de bens reduziram

em 37.2% acanand s USD 1,285.0 mihes em Setembrde 2009. Este cmprtament resutu da ueda daseprtaes reaizadas pes grandes prjects (em 38,8%)e das eprtaes ds restantes sectres da ecnmia (em33%).

N III trimestre de 2009 hue uma recupera assinaenas eprtaes de bens em 37%, cmparatiamente a IIsemestre. Este act epicad pea dinmica das endasa eterir reaizada pes grandes prjects cm destauepara aumni cujas endas aumentaram em 45% deid amehria d pre n mercad internacina. Adicinamente,s restantes sectres da ecnmia cresceram cerca de79%, cm destaue para as receitas de eprta dtabac, madeira e camar.

Pr seu turn, PES 2009 mstra ue at Setembr de2009, as imprtaes ttais de bens atingiram s USD2,165.9 mihes, ue representa um cresciment de55.1% em rea as prjeces anterirmente eitas.Cmparatiamente a perd hmg de 2008, asdespesas cm a imprta de bens baiaram em 18.3%,cm resutad da ueda das imprtaes de bens decnsum em 11.3%, matrias-primas e bens intermdis em44.6% e das imprtaes reaizadas peas grandes empresasde Inestiment Direct Estrangeir em 36.9%. D mesm

n the price behaiur nn-d prducts.

exChange raTeThe ear 2009 was characterized b an aggregate Meticadepreciatin 9.65%9 cmparatie t the dar currenc.This depreciatin reached its highest pint 14.1%10 in themnth September. This behaiur resuted rm a strngpressure hed in this perid, refecting the high demandr eterna currenc in the Inter-banking Echange Market(IEM). T reduce the pressure and respnd t the echangemarket demand, the Centra Bank Mzambiue (BM)sd abut USD 798 miin11 in Inter-bank echange market

thrughut the ear.

Trade balanCeAaiabe inrmatin n the 2009 PES dcument n theTrade Baance reeas that cmparatie t September in2008, eprts gds had decreased b abut 37.2%,reaching USD 1,285.0 miin in September 2009. Eprtreductin is mst attributed t decining eprts b megaprjects in abut 38, 8% and 33% in ther eprts sectrs.

It is wrth nting that in the third uarter 2009 therewas a remarkabe recer in the eprt gds abut

37% t the secnd semester cmparatie. This act isepained thrugh dnamic trends eprts b arge prjects,particuar in the auminium industr where saes rse b45% as a resut better prices n internatina market.In additin, the remaining sectrs the ecnm grew in79% with particuar reerence t tbacc eprts, timberand prawns.

In ther hand, 2009 PES reeas that up t September2009, tta imprts reached t the ee USD 2,165.9miin, which represent a 55.1% grwth in reatin t thepreius prjectins. Cmparing t same perid in 2008,imprts gds decreased 18.3%, as a resut the ain imprted cnsumptin gds b 11.3%, raw materiasand intermediate gds b 44.6% and imprts gds barge cmpanies n Freign Direct Inestment b 36.9%.Simiar, the imprts capita gds grew b 4%.

The wing sectin describes interest rates behaiurn transactins in the Inter-banking Financia Market(MI) as we as its impact in the genera nancia markettransactins.

Metica behaiur against the Rand was simiar t that the Dar registering a 45,59%12 annua depreciatin ratedue t the strng Rand in the internatina market. The

11Baan d PES 2009, Feereir 201012 Betim de Cnjuntura, Mar 2010

9Cnjuncture Buetin, March 201010 PES 2009 Baance, Februar 201011 Idem12 Cnjuncture Buetin, March 2010


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md, as imprtaes de bens de capita cresceram em 4%.

Na sec ue se segue descrit cmprtament dastaas de jur nas transaces nanceiras entre bancs e pbic bem cm as taas de jur d Mercad MnetriInterbancri (MMI).

Taxa de JuroA taa de jur mdia ds emprstims em meda nacinapraticada peas instituies de crdit (ICs) para praz deum an, reduziu de 21.85% em Dezembr de 2008 para19.23% em Nembr de 2009, ue crrespnde a umdecrscim na rdem ds 2.62pp13.

Pr seu turn, a taa de jur das peraes passias paraa maturidade de um an registu a mesma tendnciaa passar de 11.64% n na de 2008 para 10.25% emNembr de 2009. Esta dinmica impicu uma redu dspread entre as duas taas de 10.2% n perd em anise.

Reatiamente a taa de jur mdia anua de crdit emmeda estrangeira para praz de um an ericu-se umdecrscim para 6.95% em Nembr de 2009, aps situar-se em 8,30% em Dezembr de 2008. A taa de jur dedepsits u-se em 3.07% em Nembr de 2009.

Em Nembr de 2009, as taas de interen d BMn Mercad Mnetri Interbancri, nmeadamente, a

Faciidade Permanente de Cedncia (FPC) e a FaciidadePermanente de Depsit (FPD) aram-se em 11,5% e3%, respectiamente. N tcante taa de jur mdiadas permutas de iuidez entre as ICs incrementu em 12pnts base (pb) para 7,95% n na de Nembr de 2009.

depreciatin the Metica against the main internatinapartner currencies cntributed t the cuntrs gains inreigner cmpetitieness. That is r the increased eprtume and prductin capacit

on the ther hand, the demand r Metica in 2009increased substantia due t its increasing use in themarketing agricutura prducts bere cnersin intneighburing cuntries currencies; inestments b capriate sectr actrs and dnamic changes in the dmesticecnm as State measures take pace with nanciadecentraizatin prcesses twards the district as apanning and budgeting unit.

InTeresT raTeThe aerage interest rate r ne ear an in natinacurrenc b credit institutins (ICs) reduced rm 21.85%in December 2008 t 19.23% Nember 2009, whichcrrespnd t a decrease 2.62pp13.

on the ther hand, the interest rate n passie peratinsr a ear maturit had shw the same trend with areductin rm 11.64% at the end 2008 t 10.25% inNember 2009. This dnamic impied a reductin thespread 10.2% during the perid anasis.

With regard t the aerage annua interest rate n credit in

reign currenc r a ear term, there was a decrease 6.95% in Nember 2009, rm 8,30 % in December 2008.Interest rate n depsits was 3.07% in Nember 2009.

In Nember 2009, the BM rates n the Inter-bankingMne Market, name, the ng term ending rate (FPC)and the ng term depsit rate (FPD) were at 11,5% and3%, respectie. With regard t the aerage interest rate iuidit echange amng the ICs increased in abut 12base pints (pb) t 7,95% at the end Nember 2009.

13Baan d PES 2009, Feereir 2010. 13Cnjuncture Buetin, Februar 2010


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4. os aCtores eConMiCosTHE ECoNoMICS ACToRS

o presente captu apresenta de rma resumida acmpsi da amstra da pesuisa. Ist , a rma cms agentes ecnmics participantes est distribuds emterms de dimens das empresas, sectres em ue perame seu temp de actua n mercad.

This chapter presents a brie the sampe structure. That is,the wa as the ecnmic agents participates in the sure are

distributed in terms sectr, size and time in business.


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4.1. Tamanho dos aCToreseConmICosTa cm i ericad nas ediesanterires, a presente edi dapesuisa dminada mairitariamentepr Peuenas e Mdias Empresas(PMEs). Este grup de empresascnstitui cerca de 93% da amstra,send 48% cmpsta pr PeuenasEmpresas e 45% de Mdias Empresas.o Grc 1 abai mstra a distribuidas empresas participantes na

pesuisa. A cassica tem basena deni de tamanh segund nmer de trabahadres empregues14.

4.1. dIsTrIbuTIon by IrmsIzeAs shwn in preius editins thissure, Sma and Medium Enterprises(PME) predminate the sampe rthe current editin. This grup cmpanies is 93% the whesampe, with 48% b Sma Cmpaniesand 45% b Medium Enterprises.Graph 1 bew dispas the distributin participating cmpanies in theresearch. The size dimensin is based

n the number empees14.

GriCo | GRAPH 1:distriBuio da PartiCiPaoPor nMero de traBalhadorDISTRIBUTIoN oF PARTICIPATIoN ByNUMBER oF EMPloyEE

48%45%

6%

1%

48% P | Sma45% M | Medium6% G | large1% n pm | N repies

Pr utr ad, smente 6% dasGrandes empresas guram da amstrada pesuisa.

on the ther hand, nte that big rmsare n 6% sampe researchparticipants.

14A cassica de Peuenas, Mdias e Grandes empresas seguiu critri de nmer de trabahadres denid pe INE (0 a 9 trabahadres Peuenas empresas; 10 a 99 trabahadres Mdias empresas e acima de 100trabahadres Grandes empresas).

14The Sma, Medium and large Enterprises cassicatin ws a criteria number wrkers dened b INE (0 t 9 empees Sma Enterprises;10 t0 99 empees Medium Enterprises and er 100 empees largeEnterprises).


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4.2. dIsTrIbuIoseCTorIalEm terms sectriais s resutads dapesuisa reeam ue a mair partedas empresas participantes cncentra-se n sectr de Cmrci e Seriscm 41% de representatiidade,cm anuncia Grc 2 ue sesegue. Este sectr tem registad umamair cncentra de empresas ang ds tims 3 ans. A seguir aeste sectr destacam-se s sectresda Indstria e Htearia e Turism,

cm prpres de 17% e 15%,respectiamente.

4.2. dIsTrIbuTIon by seCToro aCTIvITyThe distributin participating rmsb sectr reeas that majrit the rms perate in the Trade andSerices sectr. These rms are 41% the sampe, as Graph 2 shws.This has been the trend r the ast 3ears. The Industr, Hte and Turismsectrs, a secnd with 17% and 15%,respectie.

GriCo | GRAPH 2:distruBuio da PartiCiPaoPor seCtorDISTRIBUTIoN oF PARTICIPATIoN BySECToR

4% Bc, lg sg | Banking41% Cmc & s

Trade and Serices3% agc Pc

Agricuture and Fisher

17% i | Industr4% Cmc, im itCmmunicatin

1% am BbFd and Beerages

4% tp, tm s | Transprts

8% C M C.Cnstructin

3% eg Cmc Cmb. | Energ

15% h tm | Turism

41%

17%

4%

4%

8%

3%

15%4%

1%

3%

Em cntrapartida, sectr ue mensrepresentatiidade tee na pesuisai de Aimenta e Bebidascm apenas 1% de empresas. Esteresutad epica-se pe act de haer

uma grande cncentra industria,ist , sectr pssui pucasempresas d ram n pas.

Aternatie, the sectr that had essrepresentatin in the research wasthe Fd and Beerage with 1% cmpanies, n. This is epainedb the act that the industr is high

cncentrated, i.e. with ew cmpaniesin the sectr.

e t ctii t pi i pt p pticiptcct- ct Cci si c41%...

T ititi pticipti f ct tt jit tf pt i t T sic ct. Tf 41%...


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4.3. longevIdade dosaCTores eConmICosA anise da participa das empresaspr ans de actiidade indica ue 55%das empresas participantes, pera nmercad entre 5 a 25 ans, cnrmeeucida Grc 3 seguinte. os dadssugerem ue uma grande parte dasempresas participantes pssui umcnheciment cnsidere sbre adinmica d mercad ca, a demandads seus cnsumidres, e as suaspreerncias em rea as prduts

cmerciaizads. D mesm md,estas empresas detm sucienteeidncia sbre cmprtament dasempresas cncrrentes, cnerind pesuisa uma mair abiidade dcmprtament e percepes acimadescritas.

4.3. TIme InbusInessAn anasis participating cmpaniesb time in business shws that 55% the participants perate in the marketr abut 5 t 25 ears, as Graphic 3shws. This suggests that a signicantnumber participating cmpanieshas a cnsiderabe knwedge abutthe dnamics the ca market,cnsumer demand and preerencesr traded prducts. Simiar, thesecmpanies hae sucient eidence

abut the rms cmpetitie behaiur,which cners t ur researchcndence bsered behaiur andperceptins as described abe.

31% a 5 | ears28% 5 10 | ears27% 10 25 | ears11% m 25 | ears3% n pm | N repies

uee grup de empresas, acresce--se cerca de 31% de empresas ueperam n mercad a mens de 5ans. Smente 11% pera a mais de25 ans ue mstra a dimens e

ngeidade d sectr empresaria emMambiue.

In additin, 31% the participatingcmpanies perate in the market iness than 5 ears. on 11% perates inmre than 25 ears which prides aneriew the ngeit the priate

sectr in Mzambiue.

GriCo | GRAPH 3:

PartiCiPao Por anos deaCtividadeDISTRIBUTIoN oF CoMPANIES ByyEARS oF ACTIvITy

31%

28%

27%

11%

3%


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5. o ndiCe do aMBiente de neGCiosTHE BUSINESS CoNFIDENCE INDEx

Neste captu IAN apresentad iniciamente a nenacina, e depis de rma desagregada para s neisprincia, sectria e dimens das rmas entreistadas.

This sectin presents the BCI, rst at the natina ee, andthereater disaggregated t princia, sectra and rm size

ees.


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5.1. ndICe geralo IAN 2010 de 101.5%, ue representa um decrscimna rdem de 4.34pp reatiamente a an 2009. Apesardesta ueda imprtante destacar ue este ndice refecteum cresciment de 1.5% reatiamente a an de 2005cnsiderad cm an base para eeits de cmputa dsndices, cm iustra Grc 4.

Um aspect imprtante a ntar act de ue desde200115 ue IAN mstra aguma estabiidade, aps atendncia decrescente bserada apartir d an 1998. Apsas cheias de 2000 as epectatias cresceram, e desde enteas se tem mantid esteis. A inha tracejada mstra

cmprtament apresentad em edies anteriresantes d ajustament da base. A inha cntnua iustra reajustament ds ndices para uma base ada em 2005.

5.1. general IndexThe genera BCI r 2010 is 101.5%, which is a decrease 4.34pp cmpared t 2009. Despite the sight a, itis imprtant t highight that it is sti a grwth 1.5%reatie t 2005 cnsidered as the cmputatina base, asit is iustrated b Graph 4.

Eua imprtant is the act that rm 200115 the GeneraInde behaiur dispas sme stabiit, ater the deciningtrend bsered during the 1998-2000 perid. Ater the 2000fds, epectatins abut impred business enirnmentand grwth increased. Since then, the inde stabiized. Thehatched ine demnstrates the behaiur presented in the

preius editins bere adjustments in the base ear. Thecntinuus ine shws adjusted inde based n ear 2005.

GriCo | GRAPH 4: evoluo do ndiCe do aMBiente de neGCios EvolUTIoN oF THE BUSINESS CoNFIDENCE INDEx

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

751998 1999 2000 2001 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010

110.33

102.145

92.86

104

100.27110.04

101.87 103.72

101.40

105.83

101.5098.34

100

92.61

De acrd cm quadr 1 abai, s principais actresue registaram ndice mais eead, est igads ainra-estruturas e seris (112.48%). Entre estes actreseidenciam-se s seris de cmunicaes, rnecimentde gua e energia e s transprtes ares.

Esta percep cnsistente cm act de ue asinra-estruturas jgam um pape crucia na prm dcresciment ecnmic e aument da prdutiidade, uepder cntribuir para a redu ds neis de pbreza npas.

A percep psitia ds agentes ecnmics cm reaas seris pstais e de cmunicaes est reacinadcm a epans da rede de teenia a16, em resutadda mair aderncia d pbic assciada a intrdu de

Tabe 1 bew shws that the main actrs with the highestinde are reated t inrastructures and serices (112.48%).Amng these actrs, the mst prminent are thse reatedt the cmmunicatin serices, water and energ supp andthe air transprt.

This perceptin is cnsistent with the act thatinrastructures pa a crucia re in the prmtin ecnmic grwth and prductiit increases, which cancntribute t the cuntrs ert t reducing pert ees.

The recrded psitie perceptin rm ecnmic agentsregarding the psta serices and cmmunicatin it isepained b the prgress made in the epansin and inephne netwrk16, due t increased adherence assciatedresuting rm adptin mdern cmmunicatin

15Due t rganizatina reasns, the BCI pubicatin was interrupted rm2002 t 2004 and in 2007.16N perd em anise a rede de teenia a epandiu em cerca de 22.3%(Baan d PES de 2009).

15Due t rganizatina reasns, the BCI pubicatin was interrupted rm2002 t 2004 and again in 2007.16In the anazing perid the ed teephn netwrk epanded in abut22.3% (PES Baance 2009)


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tecngias mdernas de cmunica. Adicinamente, ateenia me registu tambm um cresciment17, tendem cnta nmer de subscritres reatiamente a ananterir.

N ue tange a energia ectrica, ericu-se n sum aument ns neis de prdu18 mas tambma epans da sua erta n pas, cm resutad dereaizaes n mbit d prgrama de eectrica rura ed cresciment d ne da actiidade ecnmica. Pr seuturn, rneciment de gua tem prcurad acmpanhar ademanda resutante d cresciment ppuacina.

Reatiamente a transprte are, s agentes ecnmicsreerem a tendncia de mehrias n fu d treg

das cmpanhias areas e rer ds seris nasrtas dmsticas. Pr utr ad, neste sectr eisteuma epectatia psitia pea pssibiidade de entrada nmercad de mais uma cmpanhia area ue sira mercaddmstic e regina.

os principais actres ue cntriburam para a deteriradas percepes sbre ambiente de negcis em 2010,est reacinads cm s actres igads as actsde gerna e gern, nmeadamente: ne decriminaidade, crime rganizad, crrup e ecess deburcracia na presta de seris pbics.

o crime um actr de descnrt na medida em uecasina a uebra n bem estar scia e a tranuiidade

pbica. A incidncia de crimes infuencia a estrutura e nede custs das rmas, n s pea perda de euipamentse prduts deid a urts u rubs, mas tambmcm refe ds custs na cntrata de empresas desegurana e na cmpra de euipaments aprpriads deprtec.

N ue cncerne a crime rganizad, s entreistadsazem men a este cnstrangiment sem cnseguiridenticar situaes cncretas. Geramente, azem aus aassassinat de aguns uncinris pbics igads a cassde inestiga de crimes diugads pes media. Este tipde percep aecta negatiamente a dispsi de inestirn pas pr parte de aguns cidads estrangeirs, pis gera-

-se uma situa de med e incerteza.Para uma mehr cmpreens ds determinantes dadinmica d ndice gera, quadr 1 a seguir mstraagumas tendncias.

techngies. In additin, the mbie phne industras grew17, with a reatie high number subscriberscmpared t the preius ear.

In regard t eectrica pwer, bth the cuntrs prductinand epansin pwer supp increased18. The grwthresut rm the nging rura eectricatin prgrams andecnmic grwth. on the ther hand, water supp has aswed grwth in demand due t ppuatin grwth.

In reatin t air transprt, the ecnmic agents reer timprements in the fw air trac rm air cmpaniesand serices in dmestic rutes. Psitie epectatinsare as drien b the news ptentia entr a new aircmpan sering bth dmestic and regina markets.

The main actrs that ed t negatie perceptins abut thebusinesses enirnment in 2010 are reated t gernanceand gernment actins, name: criminait, rganizedcrime, crruptin and ecess bureaucrac in rendered pubicserices.

Crime is utmst cncern t ecnmic agents as it athreat t scia we-being and pubic securit. The incidence crimes eects n rms cst structure, nt n r thess assets and prducts due t thets, but as as duet increased cncern in recruiting securit cmpanies andpurchase apprpriate prtectin euipment.

With respect t rganized crime, participating rm reer

t it as a cnstraint withut identiing specic eampes.oten, the reer t the murder n dut pubic serants necnmic crimes inestigatin as pubished b the media.Such perceptins aect negatie wiingness t inest inthe cuntr b reigners, due t ear and uncertaint.

Fr a better understanding the determinants thednamics the genera inde, Tabe 1 bew iustratessme trends.

17De acrd cm s dads d Baan d PES de 2009, nmer desubscritres atingiu 4.908.307, cmparatiamente a 3.891.649 d an anterir.18Durante an de 2009 registu-se cresciment das receitas em 10.4% ue i acmpanhad pr um ne de prdu da hidrectrica de CahraBassa de 16.574.140 Mwh (ibid.).

17Inrmatin rm 2009 PES shws a number subscribers 4.908.307,cmpared t 3.891.649 in the preius ear.18During 2009, a grwth 10.4% grwth in reenues was registered gearedb Cahra Bassa hdreectric statin prductin 16.574.140 Mwh (ibid).

rtit tpt , t cic tci i t cpi ...

I ti t i tpt, t cict t ipt i t i tfc i cpi...


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quadro | TABlE 1: Rankingdo ndiCe Por aCtores esPeCiCos aGreGados ProvnCia RANKING oF THE BCI By AGGREGATED FACToRS

gp Fa | Grup Factrs | Inde

2006 2008 2009 2010

1 Fa a a ia-a s | Inrastructure and Serices 108.22 106.53 119.57 112.48

s P Cmc | Psta and Cmmunicatin serices 105.91 116.41 131.57 128.12

cm eg g | Eectricit and water supp 109.95 115.04 128.47 120.20

tp a| Air transprt 112.17 107.46 113.66 113.31

e | Rads 106.24 101.95 112.97 99.54

Cm -P | Raiwas 106.10 99.54 109.87 99.19

2 Fa o la | lega actrs 104.78 103.74 110.74 107.69

Cmpm C | Cntract enrcement 110.74 115.04 115.04 111.25

lg p ic ngc | Reguatin r starting business 107.24 110.56 114.69 109.87

lg amb | Enirnmenta legisatin 108.16 107.11 108.84 108.15

ac t | Access t land 102.00 107.11 110.21 108.15

lg lb | labur egisatin 101.19 105.74 108.15 107.11

lg a | Custms and ecise egisatin 102.21 99.88 104.01 104.36

lg c | Fisca legisatin 102.14 100.57 104.36 103.67

3 Fa a m--oa | labur actrs 99.11 98.74 103.28 100.33

M--b qc (C/dpb) | quaied abur (cst /aaiabiit) 103.06 107.46 111.59 109.18

C tm | Training csts 106.02 103.67 106.77 105.74

ac sc | Actiities trade unins 101.15 100.91 106.08 104.70

r e M--ob eg | Restrictins n empment epatriates 92.16 100.57 98.85 100.91

n s Mm | Minimum wage ees 108.27 103.32 110.56 100.57

hiv/sida, M o d | HIv/AIDS, Maaria and other diseases 84.01 85.42 84.04 82.66

4 Fa a a ma Fa c | Financia Market and Credit actrs 99.62 96.15 104.22 99.61

dpb C | Aaiabiit Credit 104.49 103.32 106.08 105.39

o a cm | other nancing aternaties 107.22 101.26 107.46 105.39

dpb d | Freign currenc aaiabiit 101.45 96.44 100.91 99.19

r ep d | Restrictin n currenc eprts 94.47 91.27 98.16 94.37

t J | Interest rates 90.50 87.83 96.44 92.30

5 Fa a | Macrecnmic actrs 102.15 96.96 103.51 98.61

Pc Mc | Market Demand 116.86 107.80 114.00 111.94

dp Pbc | Gernment spending 109.12 94.37 101.26 100.91

imp | Taes 94.87 88.17 98.16 95.06

Cmpm Mc | Metica behair 99.34 97.47 104.01 94.71ifc | Infatin 90.57 87.48 96.44 89.20

6 Fa a a c | Trade actrs 98.24 93.50 99.39 93.85

impm Pc Cmc | Cmmercia Prtcs impementatin 109.80 102.64 107.80 104.01

P Mc ic | Internatina market prices 94.99 97.13 102.64 97.13

C imp | Imprt Csts 91.74 92.65 96.78 90.93

B ep | Eprt barriers 99.50 90.58 93.34 89.89

imp ig | Iega imprts 91.95 85.76 85.07 84.38

7 Fa a a A ga g | Gernment and Gernance actrs 103.12 92.79 96.37 93.42

s Pc i | Interna Pitica Situatin 119.13 100.91 106.42 107.11

ecc am c | Ecienc Fisca Administratin 109.25 106.42 111.25 107.11

ecc sm a | Ecienc the Custms Sstem 108.96 106.77 111.94 106.77

C e c | Ta easin cntr 109.24 100.23 105.05 100.91Bcc | Bureaucrac 88.00 81.28 86.79 90.24

Cp | Crruptin 84.34 79.22 80.59 80.25

Cm og | organized Crime 85.01 80.94 82.66 77.15

n Cm (g p) | Crime ee (persnne saet) 82.74 81.97 83.00 76.12

ga | Genera Inde 101.40 98.34 105.83 101.50


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os empresris entreistads cnsideram ue a crrupe ecess de burcracia ainda bserad em agumasinstituies de Estad nde se prcessa a tramita dadcumenta empresaria. Estes actres cnstituem srisentraes para deseniment d sectr empresaria. Ane nacina a crrup cnstitui terceir actr crticmais negati, send segund actr mais negati nssectres de aimenta, indstria e banca cm eremsna sec de anise sectria.

N mbit das rermas d sectr pbic, diersasactiidades tm sid eadas a cab pe gern para aredu deste enmen, nmeadamente: (i) incus deaces da Estratgia Anti-crrup ns PES ds diersssectres, (ii) aument n nmer de cass de crruptramitads19 a ne judicia, (iii) reaiza de auditriasigadas a emiss de parecer sbre a Cnta Gera d Estade (i) mairia aprecia das cntas pbicas submetidas aTribuna Administrati.

Apesar das diersas rermas em curs n sectrpbic para cmbate a crrup, as mehrias nestembit est ainda aum das necessidades. Reerirue a crrup era cnsiderada pir actr crtic ueinfuenciaa ambiente de negcis nas edies anterires,cntud, nesta edi este enmen cnstitui terceirpir actr.

os actres especcs ue registaram mair redu

d IAN em rea a 2009 s: burcracia e restria entrada de m-de-bra estrangeira. Estes actresregistaram decrscims na rdem de 3.44pp e 2.07pp,respectiamente, em rea a an anterir. Pr seu turn,s actres especcs ue registaram as maires ariaespsitias anuais ram estradas20 e caminhs err--prturis21, cm 13.43pp e 10.68pp, respectiamente.

Um ds aspects eantads cm grande bstcu actiidade ecnmica pr parte ds agentes ecnmics aactua d sectr inrma. A persistncia deste enmen cnsiderad cm uma maniesta permissibiidadeda cncrrncia desea, ue representa um desapara uadr reguadr d uncinament da actiidadeecnmica.

N quadr 2 ue segue eita uma anise da eu daspercepes ds agentes ecnmics acerca ds dierssgrups de actres ue infuenciam ambiente de negcisn pas. Esta abrdagem permite aerir sbre ritm a ues principais prbemas da agenda d sectr priad estsend tmads em cnsidera pe Estad. Assim, sapresentads as ariaes n ranking entre s grups deactres ue mais se ntabiizaram n perd cmpreendidentre s ans 2005 a 2010.

The interiewed entrepreneurs cnsider that crruptin andthe ecess bureaucrac is sti isibe in State institutinsdeaing with business reated matters. These actrs areserius barriers t the deepment the business sectr.At the natina ee, crruptin cnstitutes the third mstcritica negatie actr, and secnd in the d, industr andbanking sectrs.

In the cntet the pubic sectr rerms, seera actiitieshae been carried ut b the gernment in rder t reducecrruptin, name: (i) streamining anti-crruptin strategicactins int PES rm seera sectrs, (ii) increase in thenumber crruptin cases ega ed19, (iii) mre auditingn the State Genera Accunt (i) mre ersight pubicaccunts b the Administratie Curt.

Despite the nging rerms in the pubic sectr t ghtagainst crruptin, imprements in this regard are sti awarm the needs. It shud be nted that crruptin was ascnsidered as the wrst critica actr which infuencedthe business enirnment in the preius editins. In thiseditin, crruptin it is the third wrst actr aecting thebusiness enirnment.

The specic actrs with a arge reductin the BCI inreatin t 2009 are bureaucrac and barriers t entr reign abur. These actrs registered decreases 3.44ppand 2.07pp respectie, in reatin t the preius ear.In turn, specic actrs that registered the argest annua

psitie ariatin were rad20

and raiwa-prts21

, with13.43pp and 10.68pp, respectie.

one the aspects raised as a great bstace t ecnmicactiit grwth n the part the ecnmic agents isthe epansin the inrma sectr. The persistence this phenmenn is cnsidered as a prmtin unaircmpetitin, a chaenge r the egisatie bd n ecnmicmatters.

Tabe 2 bew presents a dnamic anasis ecnmicagent perceptins with reerence t seera actrs thatinfuence the businesses enirnment in Mzambiue. Theanasis aws r an assessment prgress made n thenging priate sectr and gernment agenda n the main

prbems aecting the business enirnment. The tabeshws changes in the ranking the mst cncerning actrsduring the perid 2005 t 2010.

As the tabe 2 bew iustrates, actrs reated tinrastructures and serices are in the tp the rankingthrughut the perid anasis. This aurabe psitiningwas due t a number specic actrs that changedertime.

Fr instance, in 2005 and 2006, air transprt cntributin

19

N ue cncerne as cass de crrup, transitaram e deram entradadurante perd em apre 623 prcesss, tend sid acusads 178,abstids e/u aruiads 102, ds uais resutaram em 111 pessas detidas,43 jugads, 11 absids e 32 cndenads (ibid.).20Cm enue para a cnstru, reabiita e manuten de ristrs da Estrada Nacina nmer 1, bem cm a cnstru e reabiitadas pntes de Meui, lugea, Guij e Mamba e Armand Emi Guebuza.21Cncus d tim trech da inha rrea de Sena.

19

With respect t the crruptin cases, passed and were admitted duringthe perid under reiew 623 cases, 178 hae been accused, eschewed and/archied 102, which resuted in 111 pepe arrested, 43 tried, 11 acuitted and32 cnicted.20With the cus n the cnstructin, rehabiitatin and maintenance arius sectins the Natina Highwa N. 1, as we as the cnstructinand rehabiitatin the wing bridges: Meui, lugea, Guij, Mamba andArmand Emi Guebuza.21Cmpetin the na stretch the Sena raiwa ine.


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23

Cm se pde depreender, s actres igads a inra-estruturas e seris est n tp d ranking prgrup de actres a ng d perd em anise. Estepsicinament are i deid a uma diersidade deactres especcs ue se ram aterand cm temp.

Pr eemp, ns ans 2005 e 2006, a cntribuids transprtes ares mehru deid a uma maircmpeti n mercad entre as duas peradras ue atent eistiam, ue serind rtas muit simiares, permitiuuma mehria ds seris prestads.

Pr seu turn, entre 2008 a 2010, s seris pstais ecmunicaes e rneciment de gua e energia rams actres ue mais se destacaram. A raz principa desta

mudana nas percepes ds actres ecnmics i deidaa cntinua epans d acess energia, utiiza da redenacina de cmunica teeme e d cresciment darede de abasteciment de gua.

N cas da energia22, nmer de pessas cnectadas rede de energia ectrica tem crescid anuamente e emsimutne tem crrid acess sustente a energiamderna, ue mehra a uaidade de energia. Nte ueSegund Banc Mundia actuamente, smente 14% dscerca de 20.3 mihes de Mambicans tem acess aeectricidade.

Reatiamente as seris pstais e cmunicaes, erica-se ue Mambiue tem eperimentad um cresciment

signicati ns tims ans, especiamente atras daepans da rede me23, pririzand-se as reas urbanasde negcis e s crredres de deseniment.

impred due t a mre cmpetitin in the market betweenthe tw peratrs, at the time that sered er simiarrutes. Such cmpetitin awed r impred uait rendered serices.

During 2008 t 2010, psta serices and cmmunicatin, aswe as water supp bsered remarkabe imprements.The main reasn r changes in ecnmic actr perceptinswas the cntinuus epansin access t eectricit,mbie cmmunicatin netwrk and grwth in the supp water.

In the case the energ22, the number cnnectins inthe eectricit supp sstem has been grwing annuaand at the same time access t mdern and high uait

eectricit has impred. Nte that accrding t the WrdBank current n 14% the 20.3 miin Mzambicanshas access t eectricit.

With respect t psta serices and cmmunicatins,Mzambiue has eperienced a signicant grwth in recentears, especia thrugh the epansin the mbienetwrk23, with particuar attentin t urban areas wherebusiness deep and deepment crridrs.

rak gp Fa | Grup actrs p Fa | Inde b Factr

2006 2008 2009 2010 2006 2008 2009 2010

1 1 1 1c g i- sInrastructure and Serices 108,21 106,53 119,57 112,48

2 2 2 2c om lglega actrs 104,77 103,74 110,74 107,69

6 3 5 3c g M--oblabur actrs 99,11 98,74 103,28 100,33

5 5 3 4c g Mc c CFinancia Market and Credit actrs 102,15 96,96 103,51 99,61

4 4 4 5c MccmcMacrecnmic actrs 99,62 96,15 104,22 98,61

7 6 6 6c g CmcTrade actrs 97,59 93,50 99,39 93,85

3 7 7 7c g ac G GGernmet and Gernance actrs 103,11 92,79 96,37 93,42

gaGenera Inde 101,40 98,34 105,83 101,50

quadro | TABlE 2: Rankingdo ndiCe Por GruPo de aCtores RANKING oF THE INDEx By GRoUP oF FACToRS

22

A EdM reaizu 122.549 nas igaes n perd de 2009, cntra 104.811em 2008.23Em 2009 a teenia me registu um cresciment na rdem de 15.8%,tend nmer de subscritres atingid 4.908.307, cmparatiamente a3.891.649 d an anterir (ibid.).

22

The EdM made 122 549 new cnnectins during 2009, against 104,811 in2008.23In 2009 the mbie teephn grew 15.8% and the number subscribersreached 4,908,307 cmpared t 3,891,649 in the preius ear (ibid.).


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24

D mesm md, grup de actres ue registu a mairueda d IAN entre s ans 2005 a 2009 reati asacts de gerna. Na presente edi este grup btee pir psicinament n ranking24. os principais actresespeccs igads a este psicinament s: ne decriminaidade, crime rganizad, crrup e burcracia. nte esr ue Estad tem eit para trnar asinstituies pbicas mais credeis. Cntud s agentesecnmics cnsideram ue as aces em curs n temsid ecientes e pr iss seu eeit tem sid iguamentereduzid. N entant, jugament de cass ue enemuncinris pbics de cargs cimeirs igads a acts decrrup tem sid reerid pes entreistads cm indcide ag ue est a cmear a ser ead cab para reerter

actua cenri.o grup de actres igads m-de-bra registu amehr subida n ranking a ng d perd anaisad.Este grup de actres saiu da seta psi em 2006 paraa terceira at a an de 2008. Apesar d seu decrscimem 2009 deid a: (i) cust e dispnibiidade de m-de-bra uaicada, (ii) neis de sari mnim e (iii)custs de treinament, em 2010 grup tu a cupar aterceira psi n ranking. A principa raz ecada pesentreistads i a mair dispnibiidade de m-de-brauaicada e a redu gradua ds custs de treinament.

Tabe 2 as shws that the grup actrs that registeredthe argest a in the BCI sure rm 2005 t 2009 is thene n gernance. In the present editin, this grup hasaen t the ast psitin in the ranking24. The main specicactrs with eect n this resut are: criminait incidence,rganized crime, crruptin and bureaucrac. Gernmentert t that eect is recgnized in making pubic institutinsmre credibe t citizens. Hweer, ecnmic agentscnsider that the nging erts hae nt been ecient andtherere its impact has eua been reduced. Hweer, thetria crimina cases ining high ee cii serants ncrrupt management pubic assets has been reerred tb the interiewees as an indicatin that the gernment iswiing t reerse the actua scenari.

Factrs reated t labur as registered the best ascensinin the ranking during the perid anasis. This grup actrs was in the sith psitin in 2006, but reached thethird in 2008. Despite the a in 2009 due t: (i) high cstand w aaiabiit uaied abur, (ii) high minimumsaar ees and (iii) high training csts, in 2010 the grupccupied the third psitin in the ranking. The main reasnr such behaiur as indicated b the interiewees wasimpred aaiabiit uaied abur in the market and thegradua reductin n training csts.

5.2. ndICe ProvInCIalo ndice Princia resuta da anise das percepes dsagentes ecnmics em cada uma das prncias d pas.Apesar d princpi de um gern e uma na, a dinmicaptica, ecnmica e scia em cada uma das prnciasdita as percepes ds actres ecnmics nas dierentesregies d pas. o Grc 5 ue se segue apresenta ndiced IAN pr prncia.

5.2. ProvInCIal IndexThe Princia Inde resuts rm the anasis ecnmicagents perceptins disaggregated t the prince ee.The sure takes int accunt the act that ne gernmentand ne natin principe ma hd, the pitica dnamics,ecnmic and scia in each prince aects ecnmicactrs perceptins dierent in each cuntrs gegraphicaarea. Graph 5 represents the BCI r each prince.

GriCo | GRAPH 5: Rankingdo ndiCe do aMBiente de neGCios Por ProvnCia RANKING oF THE BUSINESS CoNFIDENCE INDEx By PRovINCE

117

115113

111

109

107

105

103

101

99

97

95

93

91

89

n imb zmb nmp G C.dg s t Mc Mp

112.14

105.16104.23

103.37

101.2699.90

98.96

96.53

94.74

115.48


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25

Pea eitura d Grc 5 acima, a prncia d Niassa btee mair IAN em 2010 cm uma taa de 115.48%, uandem 2009 estee na pentima psi. A prncia deInhambane apresenta segund mair IAN (cm 112.14%),enuant ue Maput aparece cm ndice mais bai (cm94.74%).

A psi acanada pea prncia de Niassa justicadapea aprecia psitia ds actres de rdem ega eds actres igads a m-de-bra, cujs ndices s133.78% e 122.04%, respectiamente. Cnm destacarue s actres de rdem ega tambm tieram infunciaassinae nas percepes ds empresris das prncias

de Zambzia e Manica, enuant ue nas restantesprncias s actres igads s inra-estruturas e serisram s ue mais se destacaram.

Em cntrapartida, s agentes ecnmics da prnciad Niassa indicam cm principais cnstrangiments aambiente de negcis, crime rganizad, ne decriminaidade e HIv/SIDA. Cm ecep de Gaza e Tete,as restantes prncias reearam tambm ue crimerganizad cnstitui um cnstrangiment para as suasactiidades ecnmicas.

Em rea a prncia de Maput, s actres igads asacts de gerna e gern e s igads a cmrcis s ue eercem infuncia negatia n ambiente

de negcis em 2010. os entreistads desta prnciacnsideram ue desempenh d sectr d cmrciregistu um abrandament ns nais de 2009. Este actdeeu-se a decni na prcura de bens, reacinad cma ueda n pder de cmpra da ppua em irtude dadesariza da meda nacina ace as medas dsprincipais parceirs internacinais.

o quadr 3 abai permite a isuaiza ds ndices practres gerais e especcs em cada uma das prnciaspara 2010.

Graph 5 abe shws cear that Niassa prince hasthe highest BCI in 2010 with 115.48%. Nte that in 2009Niassa immediate bere the ast psitin in the ranking.Inhambane prince as secnd in the raking with 112.14%,whie Maput appears with the west inde with 94.74%.

Niassa prince current psitin in the raking is justied bthe psitie appreciatin ega actrs as we as aburwhse indees are 133.78% and 122.04%, respectie. It isimprtant t highight that ega actrs had as remarkabeinfuence n entrepreneurs perceptins in Zambezi andManica princes. In ther princes, actrs reated tinrastructures and serices had a prnunced eect n

perceptins.Aternatie, ecnmic agents in Niassa prince, indicateas the main cnstraints t the business enirnmentrganized crime, criminait ees and HIv/SIDA. Witheceptin Gaza and Tete, the remaining princes asreeaed that the rganized crime cnstitutes a cnstraint rtheir ecnmic actiities.

As r Maput prince, the actrs reated t gernanceand gernment and thse reated trade had a negatieinfuence n business enirnment in 2010. Ecnmicagents interiewed cnsider that trading actiities decinedat the end 2009. This act was due w demand n gds,due t the a in cnsumer purchasing pwer as a resut

Metica depreciatin against the main internatina partnerscurrencies.

Tabe 3 bew prides an eriew the indees rgenera and specic actrs in each the princes.

24

Nte-se ue act de ue um dad grup de actres istad na psi1d ranking signica uma aprecia psitia ds agentes ecnmics cmrea a seu impact na sua actiidade ecnmica. Prtant, um ranking,pr eemp de 7 signica ue ta actr reuer uma ptica mais ecaz e prcnseguinte tem mair impact negati n ambiente de negcis.

24

Nte that the act that a gien set actrs is isted in psitin 1 theranking means a psitie assessment ecnmic agents in reatin t itsimpact n his business. Therere a ranking 7 r instance, means that thisactr reuires a mre ecient and therere has the greatest negatie impactn the business cndence inde.


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26

gp Fa | Grup Factrs | Inde

naa ihaa Zaza napa gaza c.da saa t maa map

1 Fa o la | lega actrs 133.78 118.81 105.11 98.44 108.05 102.51 104.35 100.46 104.36 100.39

Cmpm C | Cntract enrcement 142.24 131.57 103.32 95.75 112.62 108.49 108.15 102.29 107.11 98.16

lg p ic ngc | Reguatin r starting business 139.49 111.59 101.26 97.13 105.74 108.84 102.29 101.95 115.04 109.87

lg lb | labur egisatin 136.04 122.61 110.56 95.06 106.42 99.88 101.60 105.05 98.16 98.50

lg c | Fisca legisatin 134.32 117.79 102.29 90.24 103.32 96.44 99.88 105.74 89.55 96.78

ac t | Access t land 130.88 114.35 105.74 102.64 107.80 102.29 104.36 103.32 116.76 97.13

lg a | Custms and ecise egisatin 125.37 111.94 107.80 100.23 113.31 97.81 103.32 90.93 98.85 97.47

lg amb | Enirnmenta legisatin 125.37 122.96 105.05 107.11 108.49 102.98 108.15 91.96 106.08 105.74

2 Fa a m--oa | labur actrs 122.04 107.31 101.59 94.33 98.22 99.74 94.47 96.68 91.27 97.99M--b qc (C/dpb)quaied abur (cst /aaiabiit) 138.80 120.89 101.26 105.05 102.64 108.84 104.36 105.39 103.67 98.16

ac sc | Actiities trade unins 134.32 119.51 99.54 90.58 116.07 99.19 108.49 86.79 86.45 104.01

n s Mm | Minimum wage ees 131.22 102.98 109.87 94.37 89.20 87.14 96.09 100.91 97.47 98.85

C tm | Training csts 128.81 105.74 100.91 88.17 106.08 106.08 103.67 107.11 100.23 104.36r e M--ob egRestrictins n empment epatriates 124.33 102.29 97.81 103.67 99.19 108.15 91.27 89.55 87.14 101.60hiv/sida, M o dHIv/AIDS, Maaria and other diseases 71.98 91.27 92.65 89.20 79.90 90.58 65.78 92.99 73.71 80.59

3 Fa a a ia-a sInrastructure and Serices 121.86 122.81 102.02 131.12 111.57 110.00 113.38 108.15 97.81 104.80

cm eg g | Eectricit and water supp 145.69 123.99 106.77 142.24 133.98 113.66 118.82 122.96 87.48 104.36s P CmcPsta and Cmmunicatin serices 145.34 137.77 102.98 142.93 141.21 119.86 118.48 130.19 119.51 116.07

tp a | Air transprt 139.49 112.62 103.32 127.43 100.23 112.97 120.20 94.37 111.59 110.56

Cm -P | Raiwas 90.93 99.19 89.89 128.81 87.14 104.36 109.87 88.17 90.24 101.60

e | Rads 89.55 106.42 109.18 121.58 95.40 98.50 101.26 104.01 80.25 91.61

4 Fa a a ma Fa cFinancia Market and Credit actrs 115.41 101.16 102.98 100.09 107.71 101.43 104.17 87.67 85.07 91.36o a cmother nancing aternaties 125.02 106.42 92.99 114.35 114.69 107.46 79.22 84.04 89.55 101.26

dpb C | Aaiabiit Credit 122.96 103.32 107.11 115.38 117.45 105.74 100.91 91.61 91.96 98.50

dpb d | Freign currenc aaiabiit 114.69 100.91 95.06 107.11 107.11 102.64 105.39 85.07 90.58 84.73r ep dRestrictin n currenc eprts 113.66 91.61 99.54 74.74 114.35 97.81 101.95 80.94 86.79 84.73

t J | Interest rates 106.08 99.88 112.62 91.27 87.14 92.30 85.76 92.30 72.33 86.79

5 Fa ma | Macrecnmic actrs 114.22 105.84 103.85 99.25 96.02 95.54 92.50 98.49 89.55 90.85

Pc Mc | Market Demand 123.65 109.18 108.15 110.21 119.86 114.00 101.26 110.90 113.31 109.52

dp Pbc | Gernment spending 115.72 109.52 97.81 110.90 95.06 92.99 92.99 97.47 91.61 107.80

imp | Taes 115.04 106.77 107.11 84.38 89.55 83.35 87.48 103.67 83.35 91.96

Cmpm Mc | Metica behair 108.15 104.01 101.95 103.67 95.75 98.85 91.27 98.85 77.15 71.29

ifc | Infatin 107.46 97.13 98.16 95.06 80.25 86.10 87.83 83.35 83.00 74.74

6 Fa a a c | Trade actrs 105.78 91.03 99.95 91.59 90.02 98.29 100.00 81.86 87.83 89.96impm Pc CmcCmmercia Prtcs impementatin 128.81 105.05 91.61 96.78 108.84 100.23 112.97 90.93 94.37 110.56

C imp | Imprt Csts 106.77 92.30 112.97 95.75 74.74 88.86 88.86 78.18 84.38 80.94

P Mc ic | Internatina market prices 105.74 92.99 104.36 92.99 107.80 107.46 98.85 86.45 93.34 86.10

B ep | Eprt barriers 97.13 81.28 102.29 85.76 77.15 90.24 96.78 73.02 89.20 94.37

imp ig | Iega imprts 88.86 78.18 87.14 86.79 85.76 102.29 85.07 71.64 72.67 79.22

7 Fa a a A ga gGernment and Gernance actrs 98.26 109.31 97.31 89.59 97.22 90.72 86.06 90.84 85.76 90.99

s Pc i | Interna Pitica Situatin 127.43 123.30 110.90 101.60 107.11 95.75 95.06 95.06 104.36 113.66ecc am cEcienc Fisca Administratin 117.45 118.13 96.44 114.69 110.90 98.16 110.21 100.57 101.26 102.98

ecc sm a | Ecienc the Custms Sstem 116.76 107.46 104.01 111.59 117.79 100.91 114.35 89.55 101.26 106.08

C e c | Ta easin cntr 115.04 119.86 97.13 105.05 93.68 93.68 105.39 93.68 92.65 96.78

Bcc | Bureaucrac 101.95 105.74 94.37 84.73 94.71 89.55 73.02 90.93 85.76 84.04Cp | Crruptin 75.43 99.88 92.30 85.42 84.04 79.56 66.82 87.48 63.37 76.80n Cm (g p)Crime ee (persnne saet) 69.23 89.89 88.52 68.54 87.48 81.97 61.99 83.35 65.09 73.02

Cm og | organized Crime 64.06 84.38 88.86 68.19 87.48 84.73 64.75 85.42 73.02 74.74

ga | Genera Inde 115.48 112.14 105.16 133.78 118.81 105.11 98.44 108.05 102.51 104.35

quadro | TABlE 3: Rankingdo ndiCe Por aCtores esPeCiCos aGreGados Por ProvnCia RANKING oF THE BCI By AGGREGATED FACToRS By PRovINCE


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aCtores esPeCiCos Mais CrtiCoso ranking ds actres crtics mais negatis e psitispr prncia encntram-se istads ns quadrs 4 e 5abai.

More CritiCal sPeCiiC aCtorsThe ranking the mre negatie and psitie critica actrsper prince are isted in Tabes 4 and 5 bew.

quadro | TABlE 4: CoMParao dos aCtores esPeCiCos Mais neGativos a nvel naCional e Por ProvnCia CoMPARISoNS oF NEGATIvE SPECIFIC FACToRS AT NATIoNAl AND PRovINCIAl lEvElS

mAPuto inHAmbAne soFAlA gAZA ZAmbZiA

CpCrruptin

hiv/sida, M od | HIv/AIDS, Maaria andother diseases

BccBureaucrac

CpCrruptin

Impm Pc- Cmc| CmmerciaPrtcs impementatin

ifcInfatin

n Cm(g p)Crime ee (persnne saet)

CpCrruptin

ifcInfatin

Cm -PRaiwas

rAnK nAcionAl

Cm ogorganized Crime


hiv/sida, M od | HIv/AIDS, Maariaand other diseases

hiv/sida, M od | HIv/AIDS, Maariaand other diseases


1 imp igega imprts


B epEprt barriers


B epEprt barriers


2 hiv/sida, M od | HIv/AIDS, Maaria andother diseases

Cmpm McPerrmance the Metica

imp igega imprts


C impImprt Csts

imp igIega imprts

3 CpCrruptin

mAnicA nAmPulA niAssA tete c. delgAdo

4 Cm ogorganized Crime


BccBureaucrac

imp igega imprts


ifcInfatin

5 n Cm(g p)Crime ee (persnne saet)

imp igega imprts

impTaes

CpCrruptin

r ep d | Restriction on currencyexports


t J

Interest rates

r ep

d | Restriction on currencyexports

hiv/sida, M o

d | HIv/AIDS, Maariaand other diseases

C imp

Imprt Csts

imp

Taes




B epEprt barriers


CpCrruptin



imp igega imprts

CpCrruptin

Pea eitura d quadr 4 acima, s actres ue maisinfuenciam para a degrada d ambiente de negcis ane nacina s: imprtaes iegais, HIv/SIDA, mariae utras denas, crrup, crime rganizad e ne decriminaidade. o impact destes actres s tambmntris a ne princia e sectria.

o HIv/SIDA, maria e utras denas cntinuam a aectar ne de prdutiidade ds trabahadres nacinais. Apesardas diersas campanhas de preen destas denas,eas cnstituem ainda um cnstrangiment para aumentda prdu. Cntud, as entidades empregadras d pastem enidad esrs n sentid de preenir e apiar ntratament destas denas.

os principais actres ue tem cntribud para a mehriad desempenh nas actiidades ecnmicas dsentreistads s: s seris pstais e cmunica,energia e gua, transprte are, prcura n mercad ecumpriment de cntrats, cnrme iustrad n quadr 5ue se segue.

As Tabe 4 abe shws, the actrs that had mre infuencer the degradatin the business enirnment at natinaee are: iega imprts, HIv/SIDA, maaria and therdiseases, crruptin, rganized crime and criminait ee.The impact these actrs is as refected at princia andsectra ees.

HIv/SIDA, maaria and ther diseases cntinue t aectdmestic wrkers prductiit ees. Despite seera ertsthrugh preentin campaigns these diseases sti cnstitutean bstace t increasing prductin. Hweer, empershae been making an ert t preenting and supprtingtreatment.

The main actrs that hae cntributed t impringinteriewees ecnmic actiities are: the psta sericesand cmmunicatin, energ and water, air transprt, marketdemand and cntract enrcement, as Tabe 5 bew shws.


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quadro | TABlE 5: CoMParao dos aCtores esPeCiCos Mais Positivos a nvel naCional e Por ProvnCia CoMPARISoNS oF PoSITIvE SPECIFIC FACToRS AT NATIoNAl AND PRovINCIAl lEvElS

mAPuto inHAmbAne soFAlA gAZA ZAmbZiA

s P Cmc | Psta andCmmunicatin serices


tp aAir transprt


C impImprt Csts

s Pc iInterna Pitica Situatin

Cmpm CCntract enrcement

cm eg g | Eectricit and WaterSupp


t JInterest rates

rAnK nAcionAl

tp aAir transprt



Pc McMarket Demand


1 s P Cmc | Psta andCmmunicatin serices

impm Pc- Cmc | CmmerciaPrtcs impementatin


ecc sma| Ecienc theCustms Sstem

ecc sma| Ecienc theCustms Sstem

lg lblabur egisatin

2 cm eg g | Eectricit and WaterSupp

lg p icngc| Reguatin rstarting business

lg ambEnirnmenta legisatin

impm Pc- Cmc | CmmerciaPrtcs impementatin

dpb CAaiabiit Credit

n s MmMinimun wage ees

3 tp aAir transprt

mAnicA nAmPulA niAssA tete c. delgAdo

4 Pc McMarket Demand






5 Cmpm CCntract enrcement

ac tAccess t land




Pc McMarket Demand

lg p icngc| Reguatin rstarting business

Cm -PRaiwas

Cmpm CCntract enrcement

Pc McMarket Demand


Pc McMarket Demand

tp aAir transprt

tp aAir transprt

C tmTraining csts

tp aAir transprt

tp aAir transprt eRoads lg p icngc| Reguatin rstarting business

lg cFisca legisatin lg p icngc| Reguatin rstarting business

Cnstata-se assim ue em uase tdas as prncias dpas, cm ecep das prncias de Manica, Maput eZambzia, rneciment de energia e gua cnstitui umds actres ue mais infuncia psitia tee ns negcisem 2010. os empresris reeam ue est a registar-semehrias na erta e uaidade destes seris. o gerntem inestid na reabiita e epans ds sistemas deabasteciment de gua s cidades e ias d pas.

In summar with eceptin the princes Manica,Maput and Zambezi, in a ther princes the supp energ and water cnstitutes ne the actrs thathae mre psitie impact n businesses enirnment in2010. Interiewed entrepreneurs reea that there wereimprements in the uait and supp the abeserices. The gernment has been inesting in therehabiitatin and epansin water supp t mre citiesand twns in the cuntr.


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A anise d ndice de negcis em terms sectriaissugere um ne de cnana psiti para presente an.N entant, cntrariamente a ue se ericu na edi

anterir, s maires ndices de cnana sbre ambientede negcis s bserads ns sectres de Energia eCmerciaiza de Cmbusteis cm 99.54%, Banca,leasing e Segurs cm 98.92% e Htearia e Turism cm98.77% de IAN.

Em cntrapartida, s sectres de Cmrci e Seris,Indstria e Aimenta e Bebidas ue na edi anterirestieram n tp em terms de ne de cnana sbre ambiente de negcis, ram s sectres ue apresentarams ndices mais bais nesta edi.

o quadr 6 ue se segue isuaiza cm careza a situasbre a eu d ndice de ambiente de negcissectria n perd cmpreendid entre s ans 2005 a

2010.

The anasis the businesses inde b sectr suggestsa psitie cndence ee r the present ear. Hweer,dierent rm preius editin, high cndence t the

business enirnment is recrded in the wing sectrs:Energ and Fues trade with 99.54%, Banking, leasing andInsurance with 98.92% and Hte and Turism with 98.77%.

on the ther hand, the Trade and Serices, Industr, Fdand beerage sectrs that were at the tp the ranking inthe preius editin were, in terms cndence ees nthe businesses enirnment the sectrs that presented thewest indees r the current editin.

Tabe 6 bew isuaizes cear the situatin abut theeutin the sectra businesses inde in the perid 2005 t 2010.

5.3. ndICe seCTorIalo Grc 6 ue se segue mstra as percepes dsagentes ecnmics entreistads, em rea euds dierentes sectres de actiidade ecnmica para presente an.

5.3. bCI seCToral IndexGraph 6 that ws depicts the perceptins theinteriewed ecnmic agents n the dnamics dierentecnmic sectrs r the present ear.

GriCo | GRAPH 6: Rankingdo ndiCe do aMBiente de neGCios Por seCtor RANKING oF THE BUSINESS CoNFIDENCE INDEx By SECToR

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

enrgComrczodCombu.

Energy

Bnc,

l

ngsguro

Banking

agrc

uurPc

AgricutureandFishery

horturmo

Tourism

ConruoMrdConr.

Construction

trnpor,trmnsrvofn

Transports

Comunco,inormoit

Communication

amnoBbd

FoodandBeverages

indr

Industry

Com

rco&srvo

Tra

deandServices

99.54 98.92 98.77 97.47 97.42 97.24 96.68 96.44 95.96 95.84


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rak gp Fa | Grup actrs sa | Sectria Factr

2006 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010

8 5 4 1 eg Cmc Cmb. | Energ 97.37 98.58 96.28 105.94 99.54

2 1 10 2 Bc, lg sg | Banking 102.89 97.08 97.52 100.04 98.92

10 2 9 3 h tm | Turism 96.37 101.59 99.86 102.01 98.77

6 10 3 4 agc Pc | Agricuture and Fisher 100.37 96.54 100.30 106.86 97.47

1 4 7 5 C M C.| Cnstructin 101.45 99.22 97.93 104.02 97.42

7 9 8 6 tp, tm s | Transprt 101.68 106.21 96.95 103.91 97.24

5 6 6 7 Cmc, im it | Cmmunicatin 99.34 98.21 96.88 104.26 96.68

3 8 1 8 am Bb| Fd and Beerages 103.37 97.43 98.23 116.68 96.44

4 3 2 9 i | Industr 96.34 106.70 100.93 111.00 95.96

9 7 5 10 Cmc s | Trade and Serices 103.55 112.43 98.56 104.53 95.84

ga | Genera Inde 100.27 101.40 98.34 105.83 101.50

quadro | TABlE 6: Rankingdo ndiCe de aMBiente de neGCios Por seCtor RANKING oF THE BUSINESS CoNFIDENCE INDEx By SECToR

Cm se pde ntar, a ng ds ans, s agentesecnmics tem mantid uma percep psitia sbre aeu d ambiente de negcis a ne sectria. Estapercep resutante da intrdu e impementa deum cnjunt de rermas ue isam prmer um rpidcresciment e deseniment d sectr priad n pas.

Segund quadr em anise, sectr cm ndice maiseead de Energia e Cmerciaiza de Cmbusteis.Esta percep psitia infuenciada pea intrdu deagumas medidas de ptica adptadas neste sectr em2009, nmeadamente: (i) a apra de um reguamentpara a prdu e distribui de energia ectrica npas; (ii) a instaa da esta de cmpensa emAt-Mcu, para garantir a estabiidade e uaidade deenergia ectrica n sistema de transprte Centr-Nrte; e(iii) estabeeciment de igaes ns principais destinsturstics.

Neste sectr i iguamente encmendad um estudtariri sbre energia cm ista a respnder as

necessidades ds prdutres. Para cas d sectr daagricutura i cncud eantament de cais deat ptencia de irriga, estand em curs aces dembiiza de nanciament para rneciment deenergia ectrica para substituir as mtbmbas.

os resutads mstram a Banca e leasing cm send sectr cm segund mair ndice para 2010. Asrazes ue est pr detrs deste resutad s: (i) acntnua bancariza da ecnmia cm a epans dsmaires bancs para as

Índice de Ambiente de Negócios 2010

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