Grammar Book
Transcript of Grammar Book
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Ser Dops and Iops Imperfect Tense
Estar Irregular Commands Mandatos Formales
Verbs like Gustar Snakes and Snakeys Mandatos Informales
Hacer Expressions Se Impersonal Modal Verbs
Preterito Past Participles as
Adjectives
Reflexive
Car, Gar, Zar El Futuro y
ir+a+infinitive
Saber vs. Conocer
Spock Verbs Demonstrative
Adjectives
Cucaracha Verbs Demonstrative
Pronouns
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Ser
- to be
D - description
O - origin
C - characteristics
T - time
O - occupation
R - relationship
P – possession
E - event
D - date
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ESTAR
Estar
- to be
H - health
E - emotions
L - location
P – present
conditionI
N
G
Present
Participles
Ar: ando
Er/Ir: iendo or
yendo
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Me – gusta, gustan (gustar)
Te – falta, faltan (faltar)
Le – duele, duelen (doler)
Nos – fascina, fascinan (fascinar)
Les – molesta, molestan (molestar)
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Hace Time QueConjugated
Verb
Present Tense – since and for
Preterito Tense - ago
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A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending.
Hablar Comer Escribir
hable Comi Escribi
hablaste Comiste Escribiste
hablo Comio Escribo
hablamos Comimos Escribimo
s
hablan Comieron escribiero
n
E
I
Aste
Iste
O y
O
Io
Amos
Imos
Aron
Ieron
Esto es el preterito
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-que -
camos
-caste -
casteis
-co -caron
-gue -gamos
-gaste -gasteis
-go -garon
-ce -zamos
-zaste -zasteis
-zo -zaron
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I
r
S
e
r
D
a
r
V
e
r
Ir/ser
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fueron
Hacer
Hice
Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
Hicieron
Dar
Di
Diste
Dio
Dimos
Dieron
Ver
Vi
Viste
Vio
Vimos
Vieron
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Andar- aduv
Estar- estuv
Poder- pud
Poner- pus
Querer- quis
Saber- sup
Tener- tuv
Venir- vin
Conducir- conduj
Producir- produj
Traducir- traduj
Decir- dij
Traer- traj
-e
-iste
-o
-imos
-isteis
-ieron
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lo, la, los, & las
ir + infinitive phrases
• Attach to end of infinitive
• Place in front of conjugated verb
Estar + -ing verb phrases
• Attach to end of –ing verb and add accent to the 3rd
to last syllable vowel
Formal commands
• affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel
• negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command
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Irregular
Commands
T - tener
V - venir
D – dar,
decirI - ir
S - ser
H - hacer
E - estar
S - saber
Tenga
Venga
De
Diga
Vaya
Sea
Haga
Este
Sepa
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Yo Nosotros
Dormi Dormimos
Tu Vosotros
Dormiste Dormisteis
Usted, ella, el Ustedes, ellas, ellos
Durmio Durmieron
Lei leimos crei creimos oi oimos
Leiste leisteis creiste creisteis oiste oisteis
Leyo leyeron creyo creyeron oyooyeron
Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change I to y in 3d person
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1. Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing
the action of the verb.
2. When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.
3. Se can be used in all tenses.
1. Se hizo mucho.
2. Se hará mucho.
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PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVE
La puerta está cerrada.
The door is closed.
Las puertas están cerradas.
The doors are closed.
El restaurante está abierto.
The restaurant is open.
Los restaurantes están abiertos.
The restaurants are open.
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EL FUTURO Y IR+A+INFINITIVE
Infinitive + ending
Endings are same for -ar, -er, and -ir
-e -emos
-as -a
-an
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DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
•éstos (these)
•ésos (those)
•aquéllos (those)
Plural masculine
•éste (this)
•ése (that)
•aquél (that)
Singular masculine
•ésta (this)
•ésa (that)
•aquélla (that)
Singular feminine
•esto (this)
•eso (that)
•aquello (that)
Singular neuter
•éstas (these)
•ésas (those)
•aquéllas (those
Plural feminine
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DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
plural masculine
• estos (these)
• esos (those)
• aquellos (those
singular masculine
• este (this)
• ese (that)
• aquel (
singular feminine
• esta (these)
• esa (that)
• aquella (that)
plural feminine
• estas (those)
• esas (that)
• aquellas (those
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IMPERFECT TENSE
• Cantabo
• Cantabas
• Cantaba
• Cantabamos
• Cantaban
Ar
• Bebia
• Bebias
• Bebia
• Bebiamos
• Bebian
Ir
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MANDATOS FORMALES
• Conjugate to yo form
• Drop –o and add -eAr
• Conjugate to yo form
• Drop-o and add -aEr
• Conjugate to yo form
• Drop –o and add -aIr
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MANDATOS INFORMALES
Affirmative
• Conjugate to the tú form
• Drop the “s”
Negative
• Put in yo form
• Change to opposite vowel
• Add an “s”
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MODAL VERBS
ir + a + infinitive (going to
do something)
poder + infinitive
(are able to do
something)
querer + infinitive
(want to do something)
deber + infinitive
(should do something)
tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)
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REFLEXIVE
Me
Te
SeNos
SeReflexive
Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns can be:
o in front of the conjugated verb
o attached to the infinitive
o attached to the present participle
o attached to an affirmative
command
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SABER VS. CONOCER
Saber means to know a fact or know how to do something.
• No se la repuesta. (I don’t know the answer.)
Conocer means to know someone or to be familiar with someone or something.
• Conozco a tu padre. (I know your father.)