Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn -Ente Ormay… · 2 Ip¿_m\ Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn {KŸ-Im-cs‚ IrXn-Iƒ 1....

$: Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn -Ente Ormay… · 2 Ip¿_m\ Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn {KŸ-Im-cs‚ IrXn-Iƒ 1. Ip¿_m\bpw shfn-]mSpw 2. shfn-]mSv 1˛3 3. Ipcn-in≥ Nph-´nse kv{Xo 4. Xncp-h-N-\-hp-samØv$
1

IIIIIp¿_m\p¿_m\p¿_m\p¿_m\p¿_m\

Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn

^mZ¿ tP°_v sXt°-apdn

2

Ip¿_m\ Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn

{KŸ-Im-cs‚ IrXn-Iƒ

1. Ip¿_m\bpw shfn-]mSpw

2. shfn-]mSv 1˛3

3. Ipcn-in≥ Nph-́ nse kv{Xo

4. Xncp-h-N-\-hp-samØv Hcp \mgn-I-t\cw

5. aqey-ßƒ aWn-ap-Øp-Iƒ

6. shfn-]m-Snse ka-ky-Iƒ

7. Cutim-an-inlm \evInb Pohn-X-\n-b-a-ßƒ

8. Ip¿_m\ ̨ Hcp IpSpw-_-kw-Kaw

9.- Ip¿_m\ ̨ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn

10. PohnXw B\-μ-I-c-am°q

11. D¬]Øn 1˛3, anØpw kØpw

12. Imcp-Wy-]m-X-bn¬

13. hnip≤ sdmskt√m

14. The Resurrection (English Poems)15. Unveiling the Apocalypse (A Guide to the Book of Revelation)

3

IIIIIp¿_m\p¿_m\p¿_m\p¿_m\p¿_m\

Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn

^mZ¿ tP°_v sXt°-apdn

sadn‰v _pIvkv

Fd-Wm-Ipfw

4


Kurbana Ente Ormaykkayi (malayalam)byFr. Jacob Thekkemury

Nihil Obstat: Dr. Joseph VellamattomImprimatur: Mar Matthew Arackal Bishop of Kanjirapally.

Published by &Copyright to the author

First Published : 3, July, 2010Copies : 1000Cover Design : RijoGraphics : Rajan, KannanPrinting : Amala, Kanjirapally

DISTRIBUTION

Merit BooksP. B. No. 2050, Ernakulam - 18E-mail : [email protected] : 0484-3257115

Copies also available at :

Viani Home, KanjirapallyKottayam Dt. - 686507 Mob. 9446269447e-mail : [email protected]

Price : Rs. 70. 00

5

ka¿∏Ww

I¿Øm-hn¬ \n{Z{]m]n-®-

hμysshZn-IKpcp-`qX∑mcmb

tPmk^v tImbn-°-°p-Sn, amXyp a¶q-gn-°-cn,

hn’≥ Du°≥, tPmk^v Icn-ºm-en¬,

kJ-dn-bmkv hmg-∏-≈n¬, tXmakv sh≈n-em-¥-Sw,

tXmakv s\Sp-¶-t√¬, tPm¿Pv aßm-´v,

tPm¨ Ip∂-∏≈n, amXyp ]pfn-°-∏-d-ºn¬,

{KnKdn ]cq-∏-d-ºn¬, tPmk^v ssX∏-d-ºn¬,

tPm¨ sXmΩn-Øm-sg, Ã\n-…m-thmkv R≈nbn¬,

F∂nh-cpsS ]mh-\-kva-c-W-bv°p apºn¬

BZ-cmRvP-en-bmbn

Cu {KŸw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

6


{KŸ-sØ-°p-dn®v

Ip¿_m\-ÿm-]-\-k-a-bØp \ΩpsS I¿Ømhp

\evInb Blzm-\amWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXp sNøp-

hn≥ F∂Xv. Cu Iev]-\-bpsS ssZhn-Ihpw c£m-I-c-

hp-amb A¿∞Xe-ßƒ ss__n-fns‚bpw Bcm-[-\-{I-a-

Øn-s‚bpw shfn-®-Øn¬ bp‡n-̀ -{ZXtbmsS Bg-Øn¬

A]-{K-Yn®v A\ntj-[yamwhn[w Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn°p∂

hne-s∏´ ]pkvX-I-amWv _lp-am-\-s∏´ tP°_v sXt°-

apdnb®-s‚ Ip¿_m\ -̨ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn .

an°-hcpw a\- nem-°n-bn-́ p≈Xn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-

amb A¿∞-am-Wv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn F∂ {]tbm-K

Øn\p-≈-sX∂ Xncn-®-dnhp \evIp∂ Cu -{KŸw Ip¿_m-

\-̀ mjy-Øn\p kp{]-[m\kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv.

hm°p-I-fpsS hni-I-e-\-ß-fn-eqsS hnip≤Ip¿_m-

\bpsS kmcmw-i-ßfn-te°p {KŸ-Im-c≥ hmb-\-°msc

B\bn-°p∂p.

{KŸ-Im-c≥ Gh-cp-sSbpw A`n-\-μ-\-ßfpw \μnbpw

A¿ln-°p∂p.

[mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ Cu Ip¿_m-\-̀ mjyw Kuc-h]q¿Δw

]Tn°pIbpw Aßs\ Znhy_en-b¿∏Ww IqSp-X¬

A¿∞-]q¿Æ-am-°m≥ CS-bmhpIbpw sNøs´ F∂v B-

iw-kn-°p∂p.

B¿®v _nj]v tPmk^v s]cp-t¥m-´w.

7

D≈-S°w

A\p-{K-l-h-N- p-Iƒ 9Ah-Xm-cnI 11BapJw 13

H∂v

s]klm F∂ Hm¿Ω-bm-N-cWw 17

1.1.. s]klm 171.2. Hm¿Ω 181.3. Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn 191.4. ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-°m-\mbn 201.5. "As\avt\-knkv', AY-hm, Hm¿Ω 211.6. blq-Z-cpsS Hm¿Ω-Zn-\-ßfpw Ip¿_m-\bpw 221.7. Hm¿Ω Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ 221.8. DlvZm-\, ZpIvdm\ 291.9. ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-°p-tºmƒ 301.10. Cutim-bpsS Iev]\ A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. 341.11. blqZ-cpsS s]k-lm-I¿Ωhpw

Ip¿_m-\ÿm]-\hpw 34 (i) BZy{]m¿∞-\bpw BZy-]m-\-]m-{Xhpw 34

8


(ii) s]k-l-ml-K-Zmbpw kvtXm{X-Ko-Xhpw

c≠mw]m\-]m{Xhpw 36 (iii) kvtXm{X{]m¿∞-\bpw {][m-\-`-£-Whpw 37 (ivvvv) aq∂m-asØ ]m\-]m-{Xhpw

s]k-lm-bn-sebpw Ip¿_m-\-bn-sebpw

IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm-{X-{]m¿∞-\Ifpw 38 (v) henb ls√epw \mem-asØ ]m\-]m-{Xhpw 471.12. kvtXm{X{]m¿∞-\bpw c£-Is‚ hchpw 491.13. ]pXnb IqZmi 501.14. ]pXnb IqZm-ibpw ]gb I¿Ω-ßfpw 511.15. CXv A\p-jvTn-°pI 54

c≠v

Hm¿Ω Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ 59

2.1. Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn 592.2. A\p-{K-l-Zm-b-Iamb Xncp- m-∂n≤yw 652.3. Hm¿Ωbpw DS-ºSn^e-ßfpw 652.4. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬, \memw {]Wm-a-P-]-Øn¬ 66 2.4.1. _en-`mj 68 2.4.2. \n¿Ωe_en-]oTw 71 2.4.3. c£m-I-c-_en 75 2.4.4. {]m¿∞-\-bpsS A¿∞w 77 2.4.5 al-Øzo-Ir-X-cmb hnip-≤m-flm-°ƒ 79 2.4.6. Hm¿Ω-bpsS ^ew 822.5. dmk 922.6. D]-kw-lmcw 95

9

A\p{K-l-h-N- p-Iƒ

“Fsâ HmÀ½-bv¡mbn CXp sN¿p-hn³” F¶ Iev]\- A\p-k-cn¨v s]k-lm-c-lky§-fp-sS HmÀ½-bm-N-cn-¨p-sIm-v XncpÊ`c£mI-c^e-§Ä hnizm-knIÄ¡p ]IÀ¶p\evIp¶p. aninlmHcn-¡Âam{Xw Xs¶-¯s¶ _enbÀ¸n¨p. B _en Ahn-S¶vC\n BhÀ¯n-t¡---Xn-Ã. F¶mÂ, \mw B c£m-Ic_en-bnÂ`mK-`m-¡m-tI- -Xv B-h-iy-am -Wv. XncpÊ` hn-pw ho-pw Cutim-bpsS GI-_-en-tbmSv DÄt¨À¡-s¸-Sp¶Xv CXnsâ IuZminIm\p-jvTm\-¯n-eqsSbmWv. Hmtcm IpÀ_m-\-bnepw Xsâ GI-_en \ap-¡mbn k¶n-ln-X-am-¡n-s¡m-v Cutim \s½ ]hn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw ]pXp-Poh³sIm-p \nd-bv¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. C{]-ImcwXncpÊ` \nÀÆ-ln-¡p¶ c£m-I-c-amb HmÀ½-bm-N-c-W-s¯-bmWvenäÀPn-sb¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv.

Cutim-bpsS Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw D°m-\hpw ssZh-]n-Xm-hnsâ XncpÊ¶n-[nbnÂ \ap-¡p-th-n- Ahn-S¶p \nÀÆ-ln-¡p¶am[y-Øy-hp-amWv Hmtcm IpÀ_m-\-bÀ -̧W¯nepw \mw BtLmjn-¡p-¶-Xv. hnip²]utemkv ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse, “Cu A¸w`£n-¡p-Ibpw Cu ]m\-]m-{X-¯nÂ\n¶p IpSn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pt¼m-sgÃmw IÀ¯m-hnsâ ac-WamWv Ahn-Ss¯ ]p\-cm-K-a-\whsc \n§Ä {]Jym]n-¡p-¶Xv” (1 tImdn-. 11:26). C{]Imcw sNbvXp-sIm-p Xsâ \mYsâ ac-Ws¯ k` {]Jym-]n-¡p-t¼m-sgÃmw,c£m-I-c-amb B acWw ]nXrk¶n-[nbnÂ ho-pw HmÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv. CÆn[-amWv \½psS ‘c£-bpsS kvamcIw’ Ahn-S¶v Øm]n -̈Xv. “]nXm-th, Ch-tcmSp £an-¡-Wta” F¶v a\p-jyÀ¡p-th-n Ipcn-inÂ In-S-¶p am[y-Øyw-h-ln¨p bmNn¨ c£-Isâ kzcw Hmtcm hnip²IpÀ_m-\n-bnepw apg-§p¶p. \ap-¡mbnIpcn -inÂ acn -¨ -h³ \ap¡pth-n a[yØ\mbn \ne-sIm - v

10


Ft¶¡pw Pohn-¡p¶p (sl{_m. 7:25). kzÀ¤-¯n-te-¡v Ahn-S¶p{]th-in-̈ ncn-¡p¶p (sl-{_m.9:24). BIbmÂ, X¶neqsS ssZhs¯kao-]n-¡p-¶-hsc c£n-¡m³ Ahn-S-t¯¡p Ign-hp-- v.

ssZhn-I-Ip-ªm-Snsâ am[y-Øy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v _lp. tP¡_vsXt¡-ap-dn-b-¨³ “IpÀ_m\ Fsâ HmÀ½-bv¡mbn” F¶ {KÙ-¯nÂ ]Þn-tXm-Nn-X-ambn {]Xn-]mZn-¡p-¶p. XnI¨pw KthjWkz`m-h-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb IrXn-bm-WnXv. ‘HmÀ½bmN-cn-¡Â’ F¶-Xnsâ thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-chpw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb AÀ°w hni-Zo-I-cn-¨psIm-v enäÀPn-bpsS ^e-Zm-b-I-Xz-¯nsâ clkyw {KÙ-Im-c³CXnÂ A\m-h-c-Ww -sN-¿p-¶p. Znhy-Ip-ªm-Snsâ _en-bnÂ ̀ mK-`m-¡m-Ip¶ \½psS at\m-̀ mhw “\nsâ ]p{X\pw R§-fpsS IÀ¯m-hp-amb anin-lm-bpsS bmKw HmÀ½n¨psIm-v R§-fpsS ]m]-§fpwIS-§fpw ad-¡-Wta” F¶XmWv. A¸hpw hoªpw-sIm- -pÅ\½psS _enbÀ¸Ww kzÀ¤o-b-]n-Xm-hnsâ k¶n-[nbnÂ GI-Pm-XsâBßmÀ -̧W-ambn amdp¶p. k` HmÀ½-bm-N-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ ssZh-]nXm-hnsâ ap¼nÂ Ahn-Ss¯ aninlm A\p-kva-cn-¡-s -̧Sp-¶p. k` XsâenäÀPn-bnÂ aninlmkw -̀hs¯ HmÀ½n-¡p-t¼mÄ AXp ̂ e-Zm-b-I-am-bn-̄ o-cp-¶Xp a\p-jysâ am\-kn-I-hym-]m-c-̄ m-eÃ, adn v̈, ssZhwXsâ ]p{Xsâ _ensb A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-mWv. Bcm-[-\-{Iaw ssZh-̄ n-sâbpw a\p-jy-sâbpwIqSn {]hr-̄ n-bm-W-tÃm.

_p²nbpw lrZ-bhpw tNÀ¯p-h¨p cNn¨ {KÙ-am-Wn-Xv. Kl-\-amb ssZh-im-kv{X-hn-j-b-§Ä Bg-amb Znhy-Im-cp-Wym-\p-̀ -ht¯mSpkwtbm-Pn-¡-s -̧«n-cn-¡p-¶p. kpZoÀL-amb hmb-\bpw ]T-\hpw a\-\hpw {KÙ-c-N-\bv¡p ]n¶n-ep-s--¶Xp kv]jvS-amWv. -hnip²IpÀ_m-\-bnÂ IqSp-XÂ k-Po-h-ambpw ̂ e-{]-Z-ambpw ]¦p-sIm-Åm³Cu {KÙw hnizm-kn-IÄ¡p \Ã hgn-Im-«n-bm-Wv. ssZh-im-kv{X-hn-j-b§fpambn, {]tXy-In-̈ v, Bcm-[\-{I-a-hp-ambn _Ô-s -̧Sp¯n {KÙ-c-N\ \S-¯p-¶Xp ssZhnI-\n-tbm-K-ambn Xncn-¨-dnªv AXn-\p-th-nXsâ ka-bhpw ka-kvX-I-gn-hp-Ifpw kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ sXt¡-ap-dn-b-̈ ³\½p-sS-sbÃmw BZ-chv AÀln-¡p¶p. At±-l-¯n\v A`n-\-µ\wAÀ¸n-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w {KÙ-c-N-\-bn-eq-sS-bpÅ k`m-tk-h\w XpS-cm³ At±-l-̄ n\v ssZhw Btcm-Kyhpw BbpÊpw \evI-s«-sb¶p{]mÀ°n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

_nj]v amÀ amXyp Ad-bv¡Â

11

Ah-Xm-cnIhnip≤ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ÿm]-\-hm-Iy-ßƒ D®-cn-®-tijw

Im¿Ωn-I≥ Cßs\ sNm√p∂p: “Rm≥ Cu sNbvXXv \nßƒ

Fs‚ \ma-Øn¬ H∂n-®p-Iq-Sp-tºmƒ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn sNøp-

hn≥.” \ΩpsS I¿Øm-ho-tim-an-in-lm-bpsS Iev]-\-bm-WnXv;

A¥y-Øm-g-k-a-bØv hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-tØmSv A\p-

_‘n®v Ahn-S∂p \evInb Iev]-\ (eq°m 22:19; 1tIm-dn-t¥mkv

11:24)-. CX\p-k-cn-®mWp \mw hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

“\ap°p e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ Iev]\ A\p-k-cn®v Cu Ip¿_m\ Bcw-

`n°mw” F∂p Ip¿_m-\-bpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬ Im¿Ωn-I≥ ]d-bp-

Ibpw, “anin-lm-bpsS Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cn-®m-Wt√m \mw CXv A¿∏n-

°p-∂Xv” F∂p kaqlw {]Xyp-Ø-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv ChnsS

{it≤-b-am-Wv.

Cu Iev]-\-bn¬ ‘Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn sNøp-hn≥’ F∂Xp

shdpw I¿Ør\njvT-amb Hm¿Ω-bmbn am{Xta ]ecpw a\- n-em-

°p-∂p-≈p. AXp-sIm≠v hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ^e-{]-Z-ambn

kw_-‘n-°m≥ ]e¿°pw km[n-°p-∂n-√. _lpam\-s∏´ tP°_v

sXt°-ap-dn-b-®s‚ “Ip¿_m\ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn” F∂

]pkvXIw Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ XnI®pw {]k-‡hpw kp{][m-

\hp-am-Wv.

‘Hm¿Ω’ F∂ hm°ns‚ {Ko°p-aq-e-amb ‘As\-avt\-knkv’,lo{_p-aq-e-amb ‘kn°-tdm≥’ F∂o ]Z-ßfpsS ]pXnb\nba,

]g-b-\n-ba ]›m-Ø-e-ßƒ hni-I-e\wsNbvXv Ch Dƒs°m-

≈p∂ A¿∞-hym-]vXnbpw Bi-b-k-ºp-jvSnbpw FSp-Øp-ImWn-

°p∂ -a-t\m-l-c-amb sNdp-{K-ŸamWv CXv.

12


ChnsS ‘Hm¿Ω’F∂ hm°ns‚ I¿Ømhp a\p-jy-\-√,

{]XypX, ssZh-am-sW∂pw GsXm-∂ns\ ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-°p∂pthm

B H∂v Ahn-SsØ Xncp-apºn¬ k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip∂p-sh∂pw

ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ Df-hm-Ip∂ Hm¿Ω {]h¿Ø\-£-ahpw ̂ e-

Zm-b-I-hp-am-sW∂pw ka¿∞n-°p∂ ]Z-hn-i-I-e-\ßƒ \mw Cu

{KŸ-Øn¬ ImWp∂p. am{X-a-√, hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-tºmƒ ‘Hm¿Ω’ F∂ {]tbmKw GXphn[-ØnemWp a\ n-

em-t°≠sX∂p hy‡-am-°p∂ hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw {KŸ-Im-c≥

CXn¬ \evIp-∂p. Cu ]Z-hn-i-I-e-\-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw

XnI®pw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-chpw {]tNm-Z-\m-fl-I-hp-amWv.

ss__n-fn-s‚bpw Bcm-[-\-{I-a-Øns‚bpw Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®pw k -̀

bpsS {]t_m-[-\-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-IX Dƒs°m≠pw B[p-\nI

ssZhmim-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cpsS hnNn-¥-\-ßƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw

Cu hnjbw Ah-X-cn-∏n°p∂ {KŸ-Im-c≥ XnI-®pw A\p-tam-

Z\m¿l-\mWv.

Hm¿Ω, Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-Ww, kvacW F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p

ss__n-fnepw Ip¿_m-\-bn-ep-ap≈ A¿∞-hym]vXn hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-

sIm≠v, ‘s]klm F∂ Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-Ww’, ‘Hm¿Ω Ip¿_m-\-bn¬’F∂o c≠p `mK-ß-fn-embn kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ Cu

{KŸw hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\m-\p-̀ hw AXns‚ X\n-a-bn¬ G‰p-hmßn

AXn¬ kw_-‘n-°p-hm≥ At\-I¿°p klm-b-I-amIpw F∂-

Xn\p kwi-b-an-√.

Xs‚ A\m-tcm-KysØ AXn-Po-hn-®p-sIm≠v C{X at\ml-c-

amb Hcp {KŸw cNn® _lpam\-s∏´ tP°-_-®s\ A`n-\μn-

°p-Ibpw Cu {KŸw At\-I-cpsS IqZm-im-Po-hnXw [\y-am-°

s´sb∂v Biw-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

tUm. amXyp sh≈m-\n-°¬,

ap≥ s{]kn-sU‚ v & {]s^- ¿,

]uc-kvXy-hn-Zym-]o-Tw,

hS-hm-Xq¿, tIm´-bw.

13

BapJw

Hm¿Ω, A\p-kva-c-Ww, Hm¿Ω-bm-N-cWw F∂o hm°p-Iƒ°p

Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ khn-tij{]m[m-\y-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ Ch Bh¿Øn®p {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Bcm-[-\m-

kμ¿ -̀Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Cu hm°p-Iƒ kwth-Zn-°p∂

{]tXy-I-amb A¿∞-sa-s¥∂p a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Ffnb -{i-a-

am-Wv Cu sNdnb {KŸw.

Xs‚ A¥n-a-s]-k-lm--bn¬ IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm{XwsNbvX

A∏hpw ho™pw Xs‚ icoc-c-‡-ß-fm-Ip-∂p-sh∂v Acpƒ

s®bvXv Ah «ol-∑m¿°p \evIns°m≠v Cutim Ah-tcmSp

Iev]n®p: “Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXp sNøp-hn≥.” c£Is‚

A[-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw AS¿∂p-hoW Cu Znhy-h-N- ns‚ A¿∞

sas¥∂p a\ n-em-°n-bm¬am{Xta Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ Cu ]Zßƒ

kwth-Zn-°p∂ khn-tij-amb A¿∞-sa-s¥∂p \ap°p {Kln

°m\mhq. Cu ]pkvXIw C°mcy-Øn¬ hmb-\-°msc klm-bn-

°p-sa∂p Rm≥ {]Xym-in-°p-∂p.

Ip¿_m-\bn¬ \Ωƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ icn-bmbn

a\- n-em-°msX ssZhm-cm-[-\-bpsS am[pcyw \ap°v Bkz-Zn-

°m\mhn-√. am{X-a-√, icn-bmb A¿∞-a-dn-bm-sX, hnIeamb- [mc-

W-I-tfmsS {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Dcp-hnSp-tºmƒ Cu al-Ømb ssZhnI-

hn-cp∂ns‚ Bkzm-ZyX \ap°p ]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-̀ -hn-°m≥ km[n-

°msX hcp∂p. A¿∞-w Dƒs°m≠v B\-μ-]q¿Δw kXyssZhm-

14


cm-[-\-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm\pw ssZhsØ Bflm-hnepw kXy-Ønepw

Bcm-[n-°p∂ \hymcm-[-\m-ip-{iq-j-bpsS at\m-lm-cnX sa®-ambn

Bkz-Zn-°m\pw sNdnb A-f-hn-se-¶nepw Cu ]pkvXIw hmb-\-

°msc klm-bn-®m¬ Rm≥ IrXm¿∞-\m-bn.

A\p-{K-l-h-N- p-Iƒ \evIn ]pkvX-IsØ [\y-am-°n-bn-cn-

°p-∂ A`n-hμy amXyp Ad-bv°¬]nXm-hnt\mSp Rm≥ hfsc

IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. IqSm-sX, ]fin-X-cmb am¿ tPmk^v ]uh-

Øn¬, am¿ tPmk v̂ s]cp-t¥m-́ w, am¿ tPm-k v̂ I√-d-ßm v́ F∂o

A`nhμy]nXm-°-∑mcpw ]pkvX-IsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv

hfsc hne-s∏´ Imcy-ambn Rm≥ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p. Ah-tcm-Sp≈

\μn ChnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

]pkvXIw hmbn-°p-Ibpw A¿∞-]q¿Æ-amb Hcp Ah-Xm-

cnI \evIn hmb-\-°m¿°p ]pkvX-IØns‚ {]m[m-\ysØ ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXncn-°p-∂Xv {]JymX ss__nƒ]fin-

X-\mb _lp. amXyp sh≈m-\n-°-e-®-\mWv. Cu I¿Ωw \n¿h-ln-

°m≥ G‰hpw tbmKy-\mWv At±-lw F∂p ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√t√m.

Fs‚ Kpcpt{ijvT≥IqSn-bmb A®t\mSv F\n-°v hfsc \μn-

bp-≠v. Cu ]pkvXIw ssZh-im-kv{X-]chpw `mjm-]-c-hp-amb

]IzXtbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ {ia-Øn¬ Fs∂ klm-

bn® tPmk^v sh≈-a-‰w, B‚Wn Xm∂n-°¬, tPmk^v ]pfn-

°¬, sk_m-Ãy≥ hmWn-b-∏p-c-bv°¬, tPmkv hS-t°Sw F∂o

_lp-am-\y-cmb sshZn-Iscbpw I√-d-bv°¬ tPm¿÷p-Ip-́ n-t®-́ ≥,

^n¬kn B‚n, hn’≥ F∂o tKmkv]¬ an\nkv{Sn AwK-ß-

sfbpw \μn-tbmsS Hm¿Ωn-°p∂p. IqSmsX, B¿´n-Ãvkv, {]tXy-

In-®v, Ih¿ Unssk≥sNbvX dntPm, Aa-em-{]kv, hnX-cWw \n¿h-

ln-°p∂ sadn-‰v_pIvkv, t{]m’m-l\w \evIp∂h¿, _lp-am-\y-

hmb-\-°m¿ F∂n-h¿°pw Rm≥ lrZ-b-]q¿Δw \μn {]Im-in-∏n-

°p-∂p.

^mZ¿ tP°_v sXt°-ap-dn

15

H∂v

16


17

H∂v

s]klm F∂ Hm¿Ω-bm-N-cWw

1.1. s]klm

s]klm Hcp Hm¿Ω-Øn-cp-\m-fm-Wv. ssZhw C{km-tb¬

P\-Xsb CuPn-]vXn-se {Iqc-]o-U-\Øn¬\n∂pw ASn-a-Ø-

Øn¬\n∂pw hwi-\m-i-Øn¬\n∂pw A¤p-X-I-c-ambn c£n®

kw -̀h-amWv Cu Xncp-\m-fns‚ tI{μ-{]-tabw (]p-d-∏mSv 12:1˛13).

Xs‚ hnizkvXZm-k∑m-cm-bn-cp∂ A{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw Ck-

lm-°n-s‚bpw bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw k¥-Xn-Ifpw Xs‚ sXc-

s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\-hp-am-sW∂ Imc-WØm¬ (]p-d-∏mSv 2:24)

ssZhw Xßƒ°pth≠n CuPn-]vXn¬h®pw XpS¿∂pw {]h¿

Øn® AXym›cy-I-c-amb ImcyßfmWp s]klm BN-cn-

°p∂ GsXmcp blq-Z-s‚bpw a\- n¬ \nd-bp-∂-Xv, Ahsc

hnIm-c-`-cn-X-cm-°p-∂Xv.

A∂p ssZhw Ah-tcmSp Iev]n®p: ""Cu Znhkw \nß

ƒ°v Hm¿Ω-Zn\w Bbn-cn-°-s´. I¿Øm-hns‚ Xncp-\m-fmbn

CXp \nßƒ BN-cn-°-Ww. Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eqsS Hcp \nb-a-ambn

F°m-ehpw CXp \nßƒ BN-cn-°-Ww.'' (]p-d-∏mSv 12:14). Cu

Iev]\-bpsS A¿∞-sa-¥m-Wv? BZy-s]klmkw`hw Ah-

cpsS h¿Ø-am-\-ImePohn-X-hp-ambn At -̀Zy-ambn _‘-s∏-́ n-

cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-¿ C∂v F¥m-bn-cn-°p-∂pthm AXv B

18


`qX-Im-e-kw-`-h-Øns‚ ^e-am-bn-´m-sW-∂p-at√? C{km-

tb¬°msc kzmX{¥yØnte°p \bn-°p∂ c£m-I-c-amb

ssZhnI CS-s]-S-em-bn-cp∂p BZys]klm. AhnsS \S-∂Xp

ssZh-Øns‚ i‡-amb {]hr-Øn-bm-bn-cp∂p; ssZh-Øns‚

am{Xw {]hrØn. ssZh-Øn-\p-am{Xw sNøm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp∂

{]hrØn. AXv Ah-cpsS Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbpw kz¥w Pohn-X-

Øn-te°v G‰p-hm-tß≠ A\p-̀ -h-am-Wv. BI-bm¬, AXns‚

Hm¿Ω Ah¿ BN-cn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu ]›m-Øe

Øn¬, blqZsc kw_-‘n-®n-StØm-fw, "Hm¿Ω' BN-cWw

Akm-[m-c-W-amb A¿∞w ssIh-cn-°p∂p.

1.2. Hm¿Ω

ss__n-fn¬ Hm¿Ω F∂ hm°n¬ D≈-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

Bi-b-Øns‚ thcp-Iƒ Xß-fpsS AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚Xs∂

Bg-ßsf kv]¿in®p \n¬°p-∂-Xmbn C{km-tb¬°m¿°v

A\p-̀ -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. Xs‚ {]hr-Øn-bm¬ ssZh-amWv Hcp henb

Zpc-¥-Øn¬\n∂p Xßsf c£n-®-sX∂pw Hcp P\-X-bm°n

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-sX-∂pw C{km-tb¬P\w Hcn-°epw ad-°m≥

]mSn-s√∂v Hmtcm blq-Z\pw Adn-bp-∂p. ssZhw AXp sNbvXn-

√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, X-ßƒ Cu `qap-J-Øp-\n-∂p-Xs∂ XpS-®p-

am-‰-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂psh∂ Nn¥ Ahsc \Sp-°p∂p, ̀ b-s∏-Sp-

19

Øp-∂p. Cu hnNmcw Ahsc ssZh-tØmSp \μn-bp-≈-h-cm-

°p-∂p. BI-bm¬, ssZhw Ah¿°p-th≠n sNbvX c£m-I-

c-amb kvt\l-I¿Ωw Ah¿ Hm¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw Ab-hn-d°n

A\p-`-hn-°pI-bpw- sNtø-≠Xv F°m-ehpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

s]klm BN-c-W-Øn-eqsS Ah-cXp sNøp-tºmƒ ssZhw

AXp ImWp-I-bpw- Ahsc A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v

Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Aßs\, s]klm Ah¿°v G‰hpw

]hn-{X-amb Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-\mfmbn \ne-\n-ev°p∂p.


1.3. Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn

ss__n-fn¬ "Hm¿Ω' F∂ ]Zw khn-ti-j-amb A¿∞w

kwh-ln-°p-∂p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-s‚bpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-

s‚bpw Xmfp-I-fn¬ Cu hm°v Bh¿Øn®p {]Xy-£-am-Ip∂p.

ss{IkvX-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ch-bn¬ G‰hpw {it≤-

b-am-bXv CutimbpsS Xncp-h-N-\-amWv. Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-

Øn-\p-tijw Ahn-S∂v AcpƒsNbvX Znhyh-N- p-Iƒ°p

at[y-bmWv Cu hm°pw Hcp s]ms∂mfnt]mse \ΩpsS

Bflob-t\-{X-ßsf {]Im-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p an∂n-sØ-fn-bp-∂Xv.

hnip≤ ]utemkpw hnip≤ eq°mbpw CXp tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-´p-≠v: ""CXv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn sNøp-hn≥'' (1 tImdn-

20


t¥mkv 11:24,25; eq°m 22:19). "As\-avt\-kn≥' F∂ {Ko°p-

]Z-amWv Ah-¿ C-hnsS Ipdn®ncn-°p-∂-Xv. "Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn'

F∂XmWv \mw C-Xn\p \evIm-dp≈ ]cn-`m-j. ssZhw C{km-

tb¬°m¿°p sIm-Sp-Ø-Xp-t]mse, Cutim Xs‚ injy-

KW-Øn\v Ft∂-bv°p-ambn \evInb Iev]-\-bmWnXv

HSp-hn-esØ AØm-g-k-a-bØp ]cn-ip≤ Ip¿_m\

ÿm]n-®p-sIm≠v Cutim ]d™ Znhy-h-N- pIsf {]JymX

ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb sPm-hm°ow sPd-an-bmkv kq£va

imkv{Xob]T-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-°n-bn-́ p-≠v. The EucharisticWords of Jesus F∂- t]-cn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚

Cw•ojv ]cn-`mj e`y-am-Wv. Cutim-bpsS hm°p-I-fpsS

bYm¿∞amb D≈-S°w Fs¥∂p

Is≠-Øm-\mWv At±lw CXn¬ {ian-

°p-∂Xv. ""Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn'' (In re-membrance of Me -RSV) F∂v Cutim

]d-™-t∏mƒ A¿∞-am-°n-bXv ""Rm≥

Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-\mbn'' (that I maybe remembered) F∂msW-∂p sPd-an-

bmkv ka¿∞n-°p-∂p.

Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬, {]k‡amb Nne tNmZyßƒ DZn-

°p∂p: Cutimanin-lm-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω \Ωn-ep-f-hm-Im≥

th≠n \man-ßs\ sNøWsa∂mtWm Cu Iev]-\-bpsS

A¿∞w? As√-¶n¬, Xs∂ Hm¿Ωn-®p-sIm≠p \manXp sNø-

W-sa-∂mtWm I¿Ømhv A¿∞am-°p-∂Xv? Xm≥ Iev]n®

{]Imcw Cu ip{iqjmI¿Ω-ßƒ Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ A\p-

jvTn-°p-tºmƒ BcpsS apºn¬ Xm≥ A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-

sa∂mWv Cutim hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂Xv?

1.4 ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-°m-\mbn

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-em-Is´, ]me-kvXo-\-mbnse Bcm-[-\m-kw_-

‘-amb Imcy-ß-fn-em-I-s´, Hcp Imcyw "Hm¿Ωbmbn', AYhm,

21

"Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn' A\p-jvTn-°-W-sa∂p \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-

sg√mw, "Hm¿Ω' F∂ hm°ns‚ I¿Ømhv (subject) ssZh-

amWv, a\p-jy-\√ F∂-XmWp \mw {i≤n-t°≠ kwK-Xn. BI-

bm¬, ChnsS Cutim-bpsS hm°p-I-fnepw Hm¿Ω-bpsS

I¿Ømhp a\p-jy-\-√, {]Xyp-X, ssZh-am-Wv. ""Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-

bv°mbn' A\p-jvTn-°pI F∂-Xn\v A¿∞w a\p-jy-cmb \mw

Ahn-SsØ Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xn-\p-th≠n sNøpI F∂√,

]ns∂tbm, ssZhw Xs‚ anin-lmsb Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xn-\p-

th≠n \Ωƒ sNøpI F∂-Xm-Wv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, ssZh-]n-Xmhv Xs‚ GI]p{X-\mb anin-

lm-sbbpw anin-lm-bn¬ a\p-jy-c-£-bv°mbn sNbvX D-S-º-

Sn-sbbpw Hm¿Ωn-°m-\mWp \Ωƒ Cutim Iev]n®{]Imcw


Cu Znhy-I¿Ωw A\p-jvTn-t°-≠-Xv.

1.5 "As\av-t\-knkv', AY-hm, Hm¿Ω

Hm¿Ω F∂ hm°mWv ChnsS \ΩpsS

khn-ti-j-amb ]T-\-hn-j-bw. ]pXn-b-\nba

ss__n-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ "As\av-t\-

knkv' F∂ {Ko°p]Z-Øns‚ ]cn-`m-j-

bmWnXv. ]gb-\n-b-aØn¬ CXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-

cn-°p-∂Xv ‘kn°-tdm≥’ (zikkaron) F∂ lo{_p]Z-am-Wv. Cu

]Zw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ [mcm-f-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. Hm¿Ωn-

°pI (zakhar hab) -F∂ {Inbm-cq-]hpw Hm¿Ω, AYhm, A\p-

kva-cWw (zikkaron, zakhar, azkarah) F∂ \ma-cq-]-hp-amWp

\ma-hnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. CXmWp ]g-b-\nbaØns‚ {Ko°p]cn-

`m-j-I¿ (Septuagint) As\-av-t\-knkv (anemnesis - mnemosynon)-F∂p {Ko°n-te°p ]cn-`mj sNbvX-Xv. ]pXnb\nba{KŸ-

Im-c-∑mcpw Cu ]Zw-Xs∂-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hm¿Ω

F∂v \ma-cq-]-Øn¬ Ggp -{]mh-iy-hpw, Hm¿Ωn-°pI F∂v

{Inbm-cq-]-Øn¬ Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p {]mh-iyhpw ]pXnb-\n-b-a-

Øn¬ Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

22


ChnsS Hcp {]iv\-ap-≈Xv Bcm-[-\-{I-a-]-c-amb kml-

Ncy-ß-fnse A\p-kva-c-W-hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ (memorial formulae)-HgnsI, km[m-cW Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ A\p-kva-c-W, Hm¿Ω F∂o

hm°p-Iƒ a\p-jy-cpsS am\-kn-I-{]-hr-Øn-bmbnam{Xw D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. GsXmcp I¿Ωw sNøp-tºmgpw

AXn-t\mSp _‘-s∏´ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ \ΩpsS a\- n¬ sXfn-

bp∂p. Hm¿-Ω-bpsS i‡nbpw ̂ ehpw F{X-am-{X-sa∂pw \ap-

°-dn-bmw. Hcp ̀ qX-Im-e-kw-̀ -hsØ AtX \nd-thmSpw bmYm¿

∞y-tØm-Spw-IqsS \ΩpsS ]°-se-Øn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv

Htcm¿Ω-bv°p-an-√ F∂-XmWp hmkvX-hw. F∂m¬, AtX

kabw, Hm¿Ω GtXm Hc-f-hn¬ `qX-Im-e-kw-`-h-sØ \ap°v

A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-°p-∂p-≠pXm\pw.

1.6. blq-Z-cpsS Hm¿Ω-Zn-\-ßfpw Ip¿_m-\bpw

blq-Zsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw, s]k-lm-Øn-cp-\mfpw

IqSm-c-Øn-cp-\mfpw ]pcow-Xn-cp-\m-fp-sa√mw ]g-b-Imekw`-h-

ß-fpsS shdpw Hm¿Ω-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah-¿ A-t∏mƒ ssZh-

Øns‚ ̀ qX-Imec£m-I-c-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßsf Ab-hn-d-°p-Ibpw

GtXm Af-hn¬ A\p-̀ -hn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS kao-

]-\-Øn\v A\p-krXw- Ah Ah¿°v B\p-Im-en-Iam-hpIbm-

bn-cp-∂p. CXp hfsc Xo{hXc-amb A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

∂n-cn-°-s´, ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Bcm-[-\-bmb Ip¿_m-

\-bn¬ kw -̀hn-°p-∂Xp kam-\-amb Hcp Hm¿Ω am{X-amtWm?

1.7. Hm¿Ω Ip¿_m-\-bn¬

F¥mWp Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ kw -̀hn-°p-∂Xv? c£m-I-c-amb

`qX-Im-e-kw-`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p i‡-amb GtXm -Xcw Krlm-

Xp-c-Xzw ˛ s\m-ÃmƒPnb ˛ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂-XmtWm?

As√-¶n¬, Cutimaninlm \n¿h-ln® c£mI-c-I-¿-Ω-

ßsf°pdn-®p \Ωƒ kaq-l-at[y \n¿Δ-ln-°p∂ hy‡n-]c-

amb A\p-kva-c-WamtWm? CXmtWm \ap°p Ip¿_m\?

23

AXp-a-s√-¶n¬, Ipsd-°qSn sa®-amb H∂p kw`-hn-°p-∂p.

AXm-b-Xv, Cutim A∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb c£m-Icamb

_‘hpw kvt\lhpw Ahn-S∂p \ap-°mbn sNbvX al-Ømb

I¿Ωhpw Cu Hm¿Ω-bpsS ê-ambn C∂pw \sΩ kao-]n-

°p∂p. Pohn-XsØ aptºm´p sIm-≠p-t]m-Im-\p≈ {]tNm-

Z\w CXp \ap°p Xcp-∂p. Ip¿_m-\sb°p-dn-®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ-

C-{X-bpwsIm≠p \n¿Ønbm¬ AXp ]q¿Æ-amIptam?

ssZhw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb c£m-I-c-]-≤-Xn- Ip¿_m\bn¬

A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. anin-lm-kw-`hw apgp-h≥ CXn¬

Dƒs∏Sp∂p. Ahn-SsØ s]k-lm-c-lkyw CXns‚ tI{μ-

ambpw \nev°p-∂p. CsX√mw hmkvX-h-am-Wv. F∂m¬, tNmZn-

°-s´, ChnsS BcmWv Ch A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂-Xv? ssZhm-e-b-


Øn¬ ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p∂htcm? \Ωƒ Xo¿®-

bmbpw \μn-]q¿Δw Ch A\p-kvacn°p-∂p-≠v.

F∂m¬, Bcm-[-I-cmb \Ωƒ BtLm-

jn°p∂ Hm¿Ω-sb- -am-{Xta ChnsS A¿∞-

am-°p∂p-≈psh-¶n¬, ‘Hm¿Ωn-°pI’ F∂

am\p-jnI at\m-hym-]m-c-Øn\v Cu c£m-I-c-

kw-`-h-ßsf apI-fn¬ ]d-™-Xnepw A[n-I-ambn h¿Ø-am-\-

Im-eØp ê-Zm-b-I-ambn k∂n-ln-X-am-°m≥ Bhptam?

as‰mcp Imcy-Ønepw Bhn-s√∂p \ap-°-dnbmw. F∂m¬,

BflobI¿Ω-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v C°m-cy-Øn¬ IqSp-X-embn

Fs¥-¶nepw kw`-hn-°m-sa∂p \ap°p _p≤n-]q¿Δw hmZn-

°m-hp-∂-XmWv. F¶n¬, AsX-¥mWv?

ChnsS IqSp-X-embn kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv HtUm Imsk-ens\

(Odo Casel) t]msebp≈ ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m-cpsS A`n-

{]m-b-Øn¬ CXm-Ws{X: Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]\w, Ipcn-inse acWw,

Dbn¿∏v apX-emb c£m-I-c-amb kw -̀h-ß-fpsS \n¿Wm-bI\nan-

jßƒ `qX-Im-e-Øp-\n∂v B kw`-h-ß-fp-w Ah-bpsS ê-

ßfpw kwh-ln-®p-sIm≠v Bcm-[\m-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-

24


Øn-te°p {]th-in-°p-∂p. Bcm-[Isc Ah ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-

°p∂p. CXp km[y-am-Ip-∂Xp ÿe-Im-e-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw

\mY\pw ÿe-Im-e-t`-Z-sat\y F√m-bnSßfnepw F√mbv

t∏mgpw k∂n-ln-X-\m-Ip-∂-h-\p-amb ssZh-]p-{X≥ Xs‚ khn-

ti-j-amb {]hr-Øn-bmepw hm°mepw Ahsb hnip-≤o-Icn®v

A{]-Imcw \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠m-Wv. BI-bm¬, \nXy-

\m-b-hs‚ \n›-b-Øm¬ ̨ hm°mepw {]hr-Øn-bm-epw ̨ Cu

kw -̀h-ßfpw \nan-j-ßfpw ̀ qX-Im-e-Øp-am-{X-ambn HXp-ßmsX

\nXy-X-bnte°p c£m-I-c-amw-hn[w hym]n®p\n¬°p∂p.

C{]-Imcw kw`-hn-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-amWv. Fs¥-∂m¬,

c£m-I-c-amb Cu Znhy-c-l-ky-ßƒ ssZh-Øn\p \tΩm-Sp≈

alm-kvt\-l--amWv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xv. Ch F°m-e-tØ-°p-

ambn Hcn-°¬am{Xw, F√m-h¿°pw-th≠n, (sl-{_m-b¿ 10:12,14)

ssZh-]p-{X-\mb Cutim-an-inlm sNbvX c£m-I-c-amb

\nkvXpekvt\l-{]-hr-Øn-Ifm-Wv. Ch F°m-eØpw FhnsS-

bpap≈ a\p-jy¿°p kao-]-ÿ-am-°p∂ A¤pXw c£I≥

sNtø-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. AXmWp Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-Øn-eqsS

I¿Ømhp sNbvX-Xv.

DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Im¬h-cn-°p-cn-ins‚ Np-h-´n¬ \mw

\nev°p-∂Xpt]mse, As√-¶n¬, Cutim Ip¿_m\ ÿm]n-

°p∂ ]pWy-\n-an-j-ß-fn¬ B tai-bv°-cnsI injy∑m-tcm-

sSmØp \mapw Ccn-°p-∂-Xp-t]msebp≈ A-\p-`hw Ip¿_m-

\-bn¬ \ap°p e`n-°Wsa∂v Ahn-S∂v A`n-e-jn-°p-∂p.

tKmUveo_v tkm≥sK≥ (Gottlieb Sohngen) {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-

Xpt]mse, k`-bpsS Bcm-[-\bnse- _mlyI¿Ωßƒ anin-

lm-bpsS c£m-Ic-{]-hr-Øn-IfpsS {]Xn-cq-]-ßfpw kvam-c-I-

hp-amWv. am{X-a-√, ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ AS-bm-f-ßƒ ̂ e-

Zm-b-I-ß-fm-Wv. Ch kqNn-∏n-°p∂Xv GXp bmYm¿∞ysØ

bmtWm AXns\ Ch Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. (The Church’s exter-nal ritual is a figure and memorial of Christ’s saving act, and since

25

that ritual is an effective sign, it contains the reality which it signi-fies” - J.A. Yungmann, The Early Liturgy, p. 162).

Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ _en-h-kvXp-°-fpsS hn`-P-\-ip-{iq-j-bp-

ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn am¿ Ft{^-w (G.-Un. 306˛373) \evIp∂

hni-Zo-I-c-Ww ChnsS {it≤-b-am-Ip-∂p: “Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ]cn-

ip≤ icocw hn`-Pn-°-s∏-Sp∂ \nanjw anin-lm-bpsS _en-

bpsS A\p-kva-c-W-amWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. GI-Pm-X≥ _en-b¿∏n-

°-s∏-Sp∂ \nan-j-Øn¬ \Ωƒ hndsIm≈-Ww. Ahn-S∂p Ipcn-

in¬ InS-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-SsØ ]m¿iz-Øn¬\n∂p c‡w Hgp-

Ip∂Xpw \mw B¥-cnI t\{X-ßƒsIm≠p ImWWw”(A¿ta-\n-b≥ KoXw, 40:1˛4).

hnip-≤-cmb ]e anÃn-°p-Ifpw Ip¿_m-\-at[y e`n-®n-́ p≈


Znhy-Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Znhym-\p-`q-Xn-I-sf-

°p-dn®pw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Ahbn¬

]eXpw \Ωƒ hmbn-®n--´p-ap-≠v. A°m-cy-ßƒ

ChnsS \mw \SØp∂ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb

hnNn-¥-\-ß-fpsS {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-esØ a\- n-

em-°m≥ D]-I-cn°pw. Ah hnip≤ Ft{^-

ans‚ hm°p-Isf A\z¿∞-am-°p-∂-h-bmWv ]e-t∏mgpw.

]t£, Hcp tNmZyw ho≠pw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂p: Cß-s\-sbm-

s°-bp≈ A\p-`-h-ßƒ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ kwe`y-am-Ip-∂Xp

\ΩpsS Hm¿Ω-bpsS Ignhp-sIm-≠mtWm?

ho≠pw tNmZn-°-s´, \mw \S-Øp∂ Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-W-sØ-

°p-dn-®p-am-{X-amtWm "Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXv A\p-jvTn-

°p-hn≥' F∂p Iev]n-®t∏mƒ, Hm¿Ω F∂ hm°p-sIm≠p

I¿Ømhv Dt±-in-®Xv? AtXm, hyXy-kvX-amb A¿∞w CXn-

\pt≠m?

Ip¿_m-\-bm-N-c-W-k-a-bØp ]gb c£m-I-c-kw-̀ -h-ßƒ

A∏msS \ap-°n-hnsS k∂n-ln-X-am-hp-I-bmtWm sNøp-∂Xv?

AtXm, {]Xn-cq-]m-fl-I-am-bn-´mtWm AXp kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv?

26


en‰¿Pn-bn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ ImcysØ Bcm-[-\-{I-a-imkv{X-

Øn¬ prototype, type, antitype F∂n-ßs\ XcwXncn®psIm≠p

hni-Z-am-°m≥ {ian°m-dp≠v. Cu kao-]-\-{]Imcw, ]g-b-\nb-

a-Imekw -̀h-ß-fn¬ anin-lm-\n-I-kw-̀ -h-ß-fpsS {]mKvcq]hpw

(prototype) anin-lm-bnepw Ahn-S∂p \n¿h-ln® c£m-I-c-{]hr-

Øn-I-fnepw Ah-bpsS bYm¿∞cq]hpw (type) ss{IkvX-hm-

cm-[-\-bn¬ Ah-bpsS {]Xn-cq-]hpw (antitype) ImWp-∂p. BZna-

k-̀ m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ Gsd D]-tbm-Kn-®n-́ p-≈-XmWv Cu hnh-cW-

co-Xn.

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-hnh-cW{]Imcw {it≤-b-amb Imcy-an-XmWv:

"\nßƒ CXp sNøp-hn≥' F∂mWv Cutim injy∑m-tcmSp

Iev]n-®Xv; "\nßƒ CXv Hm¿Ωn-°p-hn≥' F∂√. Xo¿®-bmbpw,

Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \Ωƒ CXp sNøn-√. am{X-a√, \ap-°v

CXv Hm¿Ωn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-≥ Ignbn-√. IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm{X

{]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw A\p-c-RvP-\-ip-{iqj-bp-sS-bp-sams°

`mK-ambn c£m-I-c-kw-`-h-ßsf \mw Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ Kuc-h-

]q¿Δw A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p-≠p-Xm\pw.

F∂m¬, Hcp- Imcyw \ap-°-dnbmw, \Ωƒ F{X GIm-{K-

X-tbmsS \n¿Δ-ln-®mepw \ΩpsS Hm¿Ωbv°p km[m-c-W-am-

b-Xn¬ A[n-I-amb i‡nsbm-∂p-an-√. adn-®v, sPd-an-bmkv hni-

Z-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, ChnsS Dt±-in-°p-∂Xp ssZh-k-∂n-[n-

bn¬ Df-hm-Ip∂ Hm¿Ω-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn\p khn-ti-j-amb

A¿∞-am-Wp-≈Xv; km[y-Xbpw i‡n-bp-am-Wp-≈Xv.

Ip¿_m-\-bnse Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®v, AY-hm,

Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ s]k-lm-c-l-ky-ßsf \msaß-s\-bmWv

BtLm-jn-t°-≠Xv F∂-Xn-s\°pdn®p hnip≤ ]utemkv

tImdn-t¥m-kp-Imsc DZvt_m-[n-∏n°p-∂p-≠v. I¿Øm-hns‚ ]p\-

cm-K-a-\sØ hnizm-k]q¿Δw D‰p-t\m°ns°m≠v, Ahn-SsØ

ac-W-Øn¬ D≈-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ hnkvt^m-S-\m-flIc£m-Ic-

i-‡nsb hnizm-kn-Iƒ {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-XmWp Ip¿_m-\-

27

sb∂v -˛""Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXp sNøpI'' (1 tImdn. 11:24)

F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞-sa∂v̨ hnip≤ ]utemkv {]kvXm-hn-°p∂p

(1 tImdn. 11:26).

«olm-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, Cutim

anin-lm-bpsS c£m-I-c-amb ac-W-Ønte°pw D∞m-\-Øn

te°pw kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-Ønte°pw, AtXm-sSm∏w, kz¥w

Dbn¿∏nte°pw hniz-mk]q¿Δw t\m°p-∂-h-cmWp {InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ. {]Xy-mim-fl-I-amb ss{IkvX-h- bpKm-t¥ym-∑pJssZh-

im-kv{X-Øns‚ {][m-\_nμp anin-lm-bpsS alØz-]q¿Æ-

amb ]p\-cm-K-a-\-am-Wv. hfsc kt¥m-j-tØmsS I¿Øm-

hns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a-\-Øn-te°v D‰p-t\m-°n-s°m≠p {]Xym-im-

]q¿Δw {]m¿∞n-°m≥ «ol-∑msc {]tNm-Zn-∏n-®Xp kz¿§m-


tcm-ln-X-\mb aninlm-Xs∂-bm-Wv. Xs‚

kz¿§m-tcml-WsØ Ah¿°p ZrjvSo-`-hn-∏n-

®p-sIm-≠mWp I¿Ømhv AXp sNbvXXv:

“]n∂oSv Ah≥ Ahsc t_Y-\nbhsc Iq´n-

s°m-≠p-t]m-bn, ssIIƒ Db¿Øn Ahsc

Bio¿Δ-Zn-®p. Ahsc Bio¿Δ-Zn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-s°, Ah≥ Ahsc hn´p-]n-cn™p; kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-

°-s∏-́ p. Ah¿ Ahs\ Bcm-[n-®n´p hfsc kt¥m-j-tØm-

Sp-IqsS sPdp-i-te-an-te°p aS-ßn-t∏mbn ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬

FØn ssZhsØ \nc-¥cw kvXpXn-®p-t]m∂p.” (eq°m 24:50-

˛53).

“CXp ]d-™p-I-gn™v Ah¿ t\m°n-\n-evs°, Ah≥

apI-fn-te°v FSp-°-s∏-́ p. Hcp taLw Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-

bn¬\n∂v Ahs\ ad-®p-I-f-™p. Ah≥ t]mIp-tºmƒ,

Ah¿ BIm-i-tØ°v D‰p-t\m-°n-\n-∂p. At∏mƒ,

AXm, sh≈-hkv{Xw [cn® c≠p ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Ah-

cpsS kao]w \nev°p∂p! Ah¿ ]d™p: ‘Keo-en-

°m-tc, \nßƒ F¥n\v BIm-i-tØ°p t\m°n-

28


\nev°p∂p? \nß-fn¬\n∂p kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-°-

s∏´ Cutim, kz¿§-Øn-te°p t]mIp-∂-Xmbn \nßƒ

I≠-Xp-t]mseXs∂, Xncn-®p-h-cpw.” (A∏. {]h. 1:9˛11).

c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ]uc-kvXy-kp-dn-bm-\n-°p¿_m\ Bcw-

`n-®n-cp-∂Xp k¶o¿Ø\w Be-]n®p ssZhsØ kvXpXn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cp∂ Bcm-[\mkaqlw emIp amdm (k¿hm-[n-]\mw

I¿Ømth, ...) F∂ Io¿Ø\w Be-]n-®-p-sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p.

CXp I¿Øm-hns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a-\-Ønte°p {]Xym-im]q¿Δw

BflobZrjvSn ]Xn∏n®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ ]mSp∂ Km\-am-bn-

cp∂p. Cßs\ Be-]n°p-tºmƒ, kz¿§w Xpd∂v Ahn-S∂v

Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv Ah¿ hnizm-k-ZrjvSym ImWp-∂p-≠m-bn-

cp∂p. BZn-a-k-`-bpsS {]m¿∞\ ˛ ‘I¿Øm-th, h∂mepw’(am-dm-\mØm ˛shfn-]mSv 22:20) ˛ CXmWp hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.

bpKm-t¥ym-∑p-J-amb Cu hnizm-k-Z¿i\w ImØp-kq-£n-®p-

sIm≠p Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ kw_-‘n-°m≥ \sΩbpw Ip¿_m-\-

bnse {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ £Wn-°p-∂p.

ChnsS {]k-‡-amb tNmZy-ßƒ C-h-bmWv: anin-lm-bpsS

ac-Whpw ]p\-cm-K-a-\hpw XΩn¬ Fß-s\-bmWp _‘-s∏-

Sp-Øp∂Xv? c£m--{]-hr-Øn-bnse \n¿Æm-bIkw -̀ham-bn-cp∂

Im¬h-cn-_-ensb \mw Bcm-[-\m-at[y Fß-s\-bmWp

ImtW≠Xv? Ipcn-inse _en-b¿∏-WsØ \manhnsS ImtW-

≠Xv I¿Øm-hns‚ alØz-]q¿Æ-amb ]p\-cm-K-a-\-Øn-te°pw

bpKm-¥yal-Øz-Øn-te°pw ]ptcm-K-an-°p∂ c£m-bp-K-

Øns‚ ]ndhn (the dawn of the age of salvation) F∂ \ne-bn-

emW.v CXmWp hnip≤ ]utemkv ]d-™-Xns‚ A¿∞w

(1 tImdnt¥mkv 11:26). anin-lm-bpsS ac-WsØ Cßs\ ImWp-

Ibpw {]tLm-jn-°pIbp-amWp Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ \Ωƒ. BI-

bm¬, hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Cutim-bpsS ]oUm-\p-̀ -h-Øn-s‚bpw

ac-WØns‚bpw Hm¿Ω Xßsf k¶-Ss∏Sp-Øp∂ Imcy-a√,

{]XypX, {]Xym-im-Zm-b-I-amb H∂mWv.

29

D∞n-X\pw kz¿§m-tcm-ln-X-\mbn ]c-a-amb al-Øzw-

[cn®p hmgp-∂-h-\p-w hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂-h-\p-amb Cutim-an-in-lm-

bpsS Xncp- m-∂n-[y-tim-`-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠mWp hnizmkn

Iƒ Ipcn-inse -ac-WsØ ImWp-∂Xv, C\n-ta¬ ImtW-≠Xpw.

AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]uc-kvXy-kp-dn-bm-\n-°p¿_m\ Ipcnin

s\bpw (aZv_-lm-Ko-X-tØm-Sp-tN¿∂p≈ …o-hm-Io¿Ø\w)

anin-lm-bpsS ]p\-cm-K-a-\-sØbpwIpdn-®p≈ (k¿Δm-[n-]\mw

I¿Øm-th, ...) hnNm-c-ß-tfm-Sp-IqsS Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. anin-

lm-bpsS Ipcniv Ahn-SsØ ac-W-sØbpw D∞m-\-sØbpw

]p\-cm-K-a-\-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ AS-bm-f-am-Wv ss{IkvX-

h¿°v. a\p-jy-]p-{Xs‚ al-Øz-]q¿Æ-amb ]p\-cm-K-a-\sØ

BIm-iØv AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Nn”amWnXv (a-Ømbn 24:30).


Ipcniv anin-lm-bpsS AS-bm-f-ambn F√m k -̀

Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, {Iqin-X-cq]w

k`-bn-sem-cn-SØpw A©mw \q‰m-≠n\p apºv

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xn\p ImcWanXmWv.

AXp-sIm≠v, s]k-lm-c-l-ky-ß-fpsS Hm¿Ω-

bm-N-cWw F{Xam{Xw Kuc-h-]q¿Δ-I-ambn \mw

\n¿h-ln-°p-tºmgpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambnØs∂ ss{IkvX-hm-

cm-[-\bv°v -B\-μ-`m-h-am-Wp≈Xv. AXp {]Xym-im-\n¿`-c-hp-

am-Wv.

1.8. DlvZm-\, ZpIvdm\

ChnsS \mw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ‘As\av-t\-knkv’ (kn-°-

tdm≥) F∂ hm°v Hm¿Ω, Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-Ww, ]mh\kvac-W,

kvamcIw F∂n-ßs\ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ Bh¿Øn®p IS-∂p-

hcp∂p. Ip¿_m-\-bpsS kpdn-bm\nsSIvÃn¬ c≠p ]Z-ß-

fmWv CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah DlvZm-\, ZpIvdm\ F∂n-

h-bm-Wv. anin-lm-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn ]d-bp-tºmƒ DlvZm\

F∂ hm°pw, hnip-≤-cp-ambn tN¿Øp-]-d-bp-tºmƒ ZpIvdm\

F∂ ]Z-hp-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. ‘tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS ZpIvdm-

30


\-Øn-cp-\mƒ’ \ap°p kp]-cn-N-X-am-W-t√m. c≠p hm°p-I-fp-

sfbpw ‘Hm¿Ω’, AYhm, ‘A\p-kva-cWw’ F∂p-X-s∂- X¿÷a

sNømt\ ae-bmf`mj-bn¬ km[n-°q. ]t£, c≠p -h-enb

cl-ky-ß-fmWv Cu ]Z-ßƒ A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv. Ch XΩn-

ep≈ At -̀Zy-_-‘w F¥m-sW∂v Cu ]T-\-Øns‚ ̀ mK-ambn

\mw a\- n-em-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-amWvv. AXp ]n∂o-Smhmw.

1.9. ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-°p-tºmƒ

ss__n-fnepw ]me-kvXo-\nb≥ ]mc-º-cy-Ønepw Hm¿Ω

(As-\av-t\-knkv̨ kn°-tdm¨) F∂ hm°v Bcm-[-\m-kml

N-cy-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºm-sg√mw, Cu {]hr-Øn-bpsS

(Hm¿Ω-bp-sS) DSa (subject- I¿Øm-hv) ssZh-am-sW∂v sPdan

bm-kn-s\-t∏mse, s]bv≥tKm‰v (Paingott), kvsam-fm¿In (DCSmolarski, A Study of the Eucharistic Prayer, N.Y. 1992, 68, 69)apX-emb ]fin-X∑mcpw ka¿∞n-°p-∂p.

ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-°p∂p, AYhm, ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬

Hm¿Ω Df-hm-Ip∂p F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn\p {]tXyIw A¿∞-

amWp≈Xv. GsXm-∂n-s\ ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂pthm B H∂v

Ahn-SsØ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip∂p F∂-Xm-Wp ssZh-

Øns‚ A\p-kva-cWw, AYhm, Hm¿Ω F∂-Xp-sIm≠nhnsS

A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv.

DZm-l-cW-Øn\v, kdm-^m-Ønse hn[h Gen-bm-tbmSp

]d-bp∂ hm°p-Iƒ {i≤n-°pI: ""A√tbm, ssZhnI]pcpjm,

Fs‚ ]m]-ßƒ (ssZ-h-Øn-s‚) Hm¿Ω-bn¬ sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-

Xn\pw, Aßs\, Fs‚ ]p{Xs‚ ac-W-Øn\v CS-h-cp-Øp-∂-

Xn-\p-ambn´mtWm Aßv Ctßm´p h∂Xv!'' (1 cmPm-°∑m¿

17:18). ]pWy-]p-cp-j-\mb Gen-bm-bpsS kμ¿i\w Cu hn[-

h-bpsS ]m]w ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ CS-bm-°n-

sb-∂mWv Ah-fn-hnsS ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ssZhw Ah-fpsS

]m]w Hm¿Ωn°p∂psh∂p ]d-™m¬ Ah-fpsS ]m]w ssZh-

k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂psh∂mW¿∞w. X∑qew AXv

31

Ahƒ°p in£bv°p Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

as‰mcp DZm-lcWw t\m°mw. sPd-anb{]hm-N-I≥ ]d-

bp∂p: ""Ct∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v Ah-cpsS A]-cm[w A\p-kva-

cn®v Ah-cpsS ]m]-ßƒ°p in£ \¬Ipw'' (14:10). Ah-

cpsS A]-cm[w ssZhw ImWp-∂-XpsIm≠v F∂m-Wn-hnsS

‘A\p-kva-cn-®v’ F∂ hm°v A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. BI-bm¬,

CXv C{km-tb-en\p in£m-tl-Xp-hmbn `hn-°p-∂p. kam\

kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Cu ]Zw ss__n-fn¬ [mcmfw ImWmw.

shfn-]mSv 18:5 se hmIyw CXn\v DØtamZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

“Fs‚ P\-ta, Ahsf hn´p ]pd-Øp-h-cp-I.

Imc-Ww, Ah-fpsS ]m]-ßƒ ssZhw A\p-

kva-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p.”


shfn]mSv 18:6 apX-ep≈ hmIy-ßƒ Ah-fpsS

(a-lm-_m-_n-tem¨) ta¬ ]Xn-°p∂ alm-Zpcn-

XsØbmWp h¿Æn-°p-∂Xv. ssZhw ]m]w

Hm¿Ωn-®m¬ in£-bmWs{X ^ew!

CXp-t]mse, 1 kmapth¬ 1:19˛20 ¬ l∂-

sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Cu hm°v D]-tbm-

Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p: ""I¿Ømhv Ahsf Hm¿Ωn®p. bYm-k-abw l∂

K¿`w [cn-®v Hcp ]p{Xs\ {]k-hn-®p.'' ssZh-̀ -‡-bmb Ahsf

ssZhw I≠psh-∂m-Wn-hnsS A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv,

Xs‚ apºn¬ Ahƒ C{]-Imcw ip≤-amb ̀ ‡-nbp-≈-h-fmbn

\nev°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahƒ A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ss__nƒ

`mjmssien-bn¬ ]d-™m¬, I¿Øm-hns‚ Hm¿Ω Ahƒ°v

A\p-{Klw {]Zm\w sNøp∂p.

C{k-mtb¬`h-\-tØm-Sp≈ AN©-e-kvt\-lhpw hniz-

kvX-Xbpw ssZhw A\p-kva-cn-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv Ahn-S∂p

\¬Ip∂ c£ temIw BkIew Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂sX∂p

k¶o¿Ø-I≥ ]mSp-∂p≠v: ""C{kmtb¬`h-\-tØmSp X\n-

°p≈ AN-©-e-kvt\-lhpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw Ahn-S∂v Hm¿Ωn-

32


®n-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ssZh-Øns‚ c£ `qan-bpsS F√m

AXn¿Øn-Ifpw Z¿in-®n-cn-°p∂p'' (k¶o. 98:3).

I¿Øm-hns‚ apºn¬ Df-hm-Ip∂ Hm¿Ω Ft∏mgpw

{]h¿Ø-\-£-a-am-Wv. ̂ e-Zm-b-I-amWv (effective). A\p-{K-ltam

in£tbm BImw CXns‚ ̂ ew. Xncp-ap-ºn¬ hcp∂ hy‡n

As√-¶n¬ hkvXp \√-sX-¶n¬ A\p-{Klw, tami-sa-¶n¬

in£.

ssZh-`-‡\pw [¿Ωn-jvT\pw DZm-c-a-Xn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ C‰m-

en-b≥ iXm-[n-]-t\mSp I¿Øm-hns‚ amemJ ]d-bp∂ hm°p-

Iƒ ChnsS {]k-‡-am-Ip∂p: ""\ns‚ {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Zm\-

[¿Ωhpw ssZh-k-∂n-[m-\-Øn¬ Hcp Hm¿Ω-bmbn (avs\-tam-

kn-t\m≥ -˛ memorial) -Db¿s∂-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p'' (A-∏. {]h.

10:4,32). XXv^-e-ambn A\p-{K-l-I-camwhn[w ssZhw At±-l-

Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-XmWp \mw XpS¿∂p ImWp-

∂-Xv.

CXp-t]m-se, A{_-mlm-ant\mSp sNbvX DS-ºSn Ahn-S∂v

Hm¿Ωn-®-t∏mƒ (eq°m 1:72) henb A\p-{K-l-ap-≠m-bn; adnbw

ssZh-]p-{Xs\ K¿`w -[-cn-®p, c£-I≥ temI-Øn-te°p h∂p.

AXm-b-Xv, ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ B DS-ºSn kPo-h-ambn k∂n-

ln-X-am-hp∂p F∂-XmWv Hm¿Ωn-°p∂psh∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w.

Xs‚ hnizkvXZmk-\m-bn-cp∂ A{_-mlm-an-s‚tbm At±-

l-hp-ambn Xm≥ sNbvX DS-º-Sn-bp-sStbm Hm¿Ω ssZh-k∂n-

[n-bn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh∂p ss__n-fn¬ ]d-bptºmƒ A¿∞-

am-°p-∂Xv F¥mWv? A{_m-lhpw B DS-º-Snbpw ssZh-

Øn\p apºn¬ Ct∏mƒ kPo-h-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p-sh-∂mWv.

DS≥Xs∂ A\p-{K-l-I-c-amb ssZhnI CS-s]-S¬ D≠m-Ip-

sa-∂p-d-∏m-Wv. AXp kw`-hn-°p∂Xmbn \mw hmbn-°p∂p:

""Ah≥ ]md ]nf¿∂p; sh≈w IpXn®pNmSn; AsXmcp \Zn-

t]mse acp-`q-an-bn-eqsS Hgp-In. Imc-Ww, Xs‚ hnip-≤-

hmKvZm\-sØbpw Xs‚ Zmk-\mb A{_m-l-man-s\bpw Ah≥

33


Hm¿Ωn®p''(k¶o. 105:41-˛42).

BI-bm¬, ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-ep≈ Hm¿Ω F∂p Ip¿_m-

\-bn¬ ]d-bp-tºmƒ A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂

hy‡n As√-¶n¬ Imcyw Ahn-SsØ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ kPo-h-

ambn \n¬°p∂psh∂m-Wv. \mtam¿°-Ww, Chn-sS-sb√mw

Cu hm°ns‚ I¿Xr-Xzw ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv, a\p-jy-t‚-X-√.

\mw Hcp hy‡n-sbtbm hkvXp-hn-s\tbm Hm¿Ωn-°p-tºmƒ,

Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hy‡n-bp-sStbm hkvXp-hn-s‚tbm bmYm

¿∞km∂n[yw C{]-Imcw \ap°p apºn¬ FØp-tam? C√.

F∂m¬, ssZh-amWv Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv Ahn-SsØ

apºn¬ k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip-a-s{X. CXmWv Cu ]Zw D]tbm-Kn-

°p-tºmƒ ss__nfpw Bcm-[-\-{I-ahpw Dt±-in-°p∂

A¿∞w.

""]m]-ßƒ A\p-kva-cn-°-cptX'' F∂p

ssZh-tØmSp {]m¿∞n-°p∂ [mcmfw cwK-

ßƒ ss__n-fnepw Bcm-[-\-{Ia{]m¿∞-\-

I-fnepap≠v. \ΩpsS ]m]-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚

k∂n[n-bn¬ D≠m-I-cptXsb∂m-Wv "Ahn-

S∂v Hm¿Ωn-°-cptX' F∂p bmNn-°p-∂-Xp-

hgn {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. ssZhw Xs‚ {]hm-N-

I-\n-eqsS hmKvZm\w sNøp∂p:

""Rm≥ Ah-cpsS A]-cm-[-ßƒ £an-°pw.

AhcpsS ]m]-ßƒ taem¬ A\p-kva-cn-°p-I-bn√''

(sP-d-anb 31:34).

AXm-bXv, Ahn-SsØ Hm¿Ω-bn¬\n∂p ]m]w Ahn-S∂p ambn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. C\n-ta¬ Ah-cpsS ]m]w Ahn-SsØ Xncp-ap-ºn-

en-√. BI-bm¬, Ah¿°p in£-bp-an√ F∂v ChnsS A¿∞-

am-°p-∂p. ""Ah-cpsS ]m]-ßfpw AIr-Xy-ßfpw C\n Rm≥

Hm¿°p-Ibn√'' (sl-{_m-b¿ 10:17) F∂ hmIyhpw CtX

A¿∞-amWp \evIp-∂Xv.

34


1.10. Cutim-bpsS Iev]\ A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv.

Cutim ]cn-ip≤ Ip¿_m\ ÿm]n-°p∂ cwK-tØ°p

\ap°p Xncn-®p -h-cmw. ""Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXv A\p-jvTn-

°p-hn≥'' F∂m-Wt√m Ahn-S∂v At∏mƒ \ap°p \evInb

Iev]\. anin-lm-bpsS A¥nas]klmbnse IrX-⁄-Xm-

kvtXm-{Xhpw A\p-_-‘-I¿Ωhpw A\p-jvTn-°-W-sa-∂mWv

Cu Iev]-\-bpsS {]Xy-£-amb A¿∞w. F∂m¬, blq-Z-

cpsS s]klmI¿Ω-ßsf A∏msS Bh¿Øn-°m-\√,

{]XypX, Xm≥ AXns\ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ønb{]Im-chpw Xm≥

AXn¬ Iq´nt®¿Ø \h-amb D≈-S°w F¥m-sW∂p

{Kln®pw A\p-jvTn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Cutim \tΩmSp Iev]n-

°p-∂-Xv. BI-bm¬, Ahn-SsØ {]m¿∞-\-bpsS D≈-S-°hpw,

AtXm-sSm∏w, blq-Z¿ Cutim-bpsS ImeØp s]klm

I¿Ωw A\p-jvTn-®n-cp-∂ coXnbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xp \ap°p

aptºm-´p≈ ]T-\-Øn\p klm-b-I-amWv.

1.11. blq-Z-cpsS s]k-lm-I¿Ωhpw

Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\hpw

(i) BZy{]m¿∞-\bpw BZy-]m-\-]m-{Xhpw

blq-Z¿ imco-cn-I-ip-≤n-tbmsSbmWp s]klm-`-£-W-

ip{iq-j-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂Xv. Cutim Xs‚ injy-∑m-cpsS

35

]mZ-ßƒ Igp-In hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw amXrI-

Ah¿°p \evIp∂Xv Cu ]›m-Ø-eØn-emWv.

Ah¿ `£-W-Øn-\v Ccn-°p-∂Xv A¿∞-hr-Øm-Ir-Xn-bn-

ep≈ `£W-ta-ibpsS ]pdw-h-f-hn-em-Wv. CXmbn-cp∂p

{]mNo\ImesØ s]mXp-coXn. ̀ £W-km-[-\-ßƒ {Ias∏Sp

Ønhbv°p-∂-Xn\pw `£Ww Ign-°m≥ Ccn-°p-∂-h¿°p

ieyw -sN-ømsX Ah hnf-ºp-∂-Xn\pw CXv Gsd kuI-cy-

{]Z-am-bn-cp-∂p. s_\-Un-Iv‰v 16-˛mw am¿∏m∏ (Im¿Un-\¬

tPmk^v dm‰vknwK¿) ‘en‰¿Pn-bpsS ssNX\yw, Hcp B-ap-J-

]-T\w’ F∂ IrXn-bn¬ eqbn _ptbsb (L. Bouyer) D≤-cn-®p-

sIm≠v C°mcyw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. “{InkvXz_vZØns‚

{]mcw-̀ -L-́ -Ønse Hcp hncp-∂nepw AXmtLm-jn-°p∂ kaq-


l-Øns‚ A≤y£≥, AXn¬ ]s¶Sp-°p∂

P\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√. IpXn-c-em-S-

Øn-t\mSv GItZiw kmZr-iy-ap -≈tXm

Cw•ojv`m-j-bnse ‘C’ F∂ A£-c-Øns‚

BIr-Xn-bn-ep-≈tXm Bb tai-bpsS ]pdw-

hf-hn-emWv Ah-sc-√m-hcpw Ccn-°p-Itbm

Nmcn-bn-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXncp-∂Xv. AI-hiw `£Ww hnf-

ºm-\p≈ kuI-cy-Øn-\mbn kZm Hgn-®n-´n-cp-∂p.” (‘en‰¿Pn-

bpsS ssNX\yw, Hcp B-ap-J-]-T\w’, HIRS, CHRY, 2005, t]Pv75).

s]k-lm-`-£-W-Øn-\n-cn-°p-∂-h¿ ]ckv]cw t\m°n-bn-

cp-∂√ {]m¿∞n-°p∂Xv. {]m¿∞n-°p∂ blq-Zs‚ -a-\ v

Ft∏mgpsa∂-Xp-t]mse, s]k-lm-bnepw {]m¿∞\m-k-a-bØp

sPdp-i-tewssZhm-e-b-Øns‚ AXn-hn-ip-≤-ÿ-e-tØ°v D∑p-

J-am-Wv. {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-h¿ Htc Zni-bn-te°p t\m°p-I-bmWp

sNøp∂Xv.

Hcp-°-s∏´ tai-bn¬, ho™v Hgn-®p-h-®n-cn-°p∂ ]m\-

]m-{X-Øn-s‚-ta¬ IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥ (Pater Familias) s]k-lm-

Øn-cp-\m-fns‚ ka¿∏W{]m¿∞\ (Blessing of the Feast day)

36


sNm√p-∂XmWp s]k-lm-bpsS BZyI¿Ωw. Cu ]m\-

]m{XsØ ‘In±qiv I∏v’ (Kiddush cup) F∂mWp hnfn-°p∂Xv.

]hn-{Xo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]m\-]m-{X-sa∂p \ap°p ae-bm-f-`m-j-

bn¬ CXns\ hntijn-∏n-°mw. {]m¿∞\ Ign-bp-tºmƒ F√m-

hcpw CXp IpSn-°p∂p.

{][m\ s]k-lm-`-£-

W-Øn\papºv Ah¿ Hcp

eLp-`£Ww Ign-°p-∂p.

]®n-e-Iƒ (green herbs -let-tuce), ssI∏pck-ap≈ Noc

F∂n-hbpw, Ch IqSm-sX,

B∏n-ƒ, _Zmw, Cu¥-∏gw,

DW°-ap¥ncn, apX-em-b-h

(charoset) hn\m-Kncnbpw

kpK-‘-hy -RvP\ßfpw

(spices) tN¿Øp ]mIw-

sNbvXp≠m°nb tkmkpam-Wv (sauce) CXns‚ D≈-S°w.

Cu tkmkvv Hcp Zl-\-klm-bn-bm-Wv (appetizer).(ii) s]k-l-ml-K-Zmbpw kvtXm{X-Ko-Xhpw c≠mw ]m\-]m{Xhpw

CtX-Øp-S¿∂p {][m\`£Ww hnfºpIbpw sh≈w

tN¿Ø ho™ns‚ ]m\-]m{Xw c≠m-aXpw Hcp°nhbv°p

Ibpw sNøp∂p. Ch Ign-°p-∂-Xn\p apºp IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥

Acamb`mj-bn¬ s]k-lm-bpsS lK-Zm - sNm√p-∂p. CXp

hnh-c-Wm-fl-I-am-Wv. s]k-lm-sb-°pdn-®p≈ ]XnhptNmZy

Øn\p IpSpw-_-\mY-≥ \evIp∂ DØ-c-ambpw CuPn-

]vXn¬\n∂p ssZhw Ahsc c£n® -kw-`-h-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-

ambpw CXp ̀ hn-°p∂p. Cu ]m\-]m{XsØbmWv lKZm°∏v

(Haggadah Cup) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv. Cu {]m¿∞-\sbØp-

S¿∂p s]k-lm-kvtXm{X-KoX-Øns‚ (Passover Hallel) BZy-

`mKw lo{_p-`mj-bn¬ F√m-h-cpw-IqSn Be-]n-°p∂p. 113,114

37

F∂o k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv. Bem-

]\w Ign-bp-tºmƒ Cu ]m\-]m-{X-Øn¬\n∂v F√m-hcpw IpSn-

°p∂p.

(iii) kvtXm{X{]m¿∞-\bpw {][m-\-̀ -£-Whpw

{][m-\-̀ -£-W-Øns‚ hn -̀h-ßƒ Ch-bmWv: ]pd-∏mSv 12:8,9

hmIy-ßfn¬ \njv°¿jn-®n-cn°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, Xoøn¬ Nps -́

SpØ Ip™m-Sv (Bhn-bn¬ ]pgp-ßp-∂Xpw Cu-tim-bpsS

ImeØv A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂p), ]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏w, ssI∏p-No-c,

]g-°q-´p-sIm-≠p≈ tkmkv, ]m\-]m-{X-Øn¬ \nd-®n-cn-°p∂

ho™v (sh≈w Ie¿Ønb Cu ho™n¬ sh≈-amWp IqSp-

X¬ Afhv).

IpSpw-_-\m-Y\pw a‰p-≈-hcpw ̀ £-W-Øn\papºv Ccn-∏n-S-

ßfn¬ NmcnbmWv- (reclining) C-cn-°p∂Xv. s]k-lm-bnse


A∏w-ap-dn-°¬ip-{iq-j-bv°mbn t\sc Ccn

°m≥th≠n Fgp-t∂‰p\n-∂-Xn-\p-tijw

ho≠pw Ccn-°p-tºmƒ IpSpw_-\m-Y≥ ]pfn-

∏n-√mØ A∏-Øn¬ HscÆw FSp-°p∂p. Xm≥

FSpØ A∏w At±lw \nh¿∂ncp∂p apdn®p

-sIm≠v {lkz-amb Hcp kvtXm{X-{]m¿∞\

(Grace) ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. B {]m¿∞\ CXmWv:

‘Rß-fpsS ssZh-amb I¿Øm-th, ̀ qan-bn¬\n∂p Rßƒ°v

Bh-iy-Iamb A∏w kwe-`y-am-°p∂ k¿Δ-temI-cm-Pm-th,

Atß°p kvXpXn’. CXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn a‰p-≈-h¿ ‘Bta≥’F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏-Øn\v GI-tZiw ssI∏-Øn-bpsS I\-

ap≠mIpw. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Hmtcm sNdnb IjWw sImSp-

°m≥ Ign-bp∂-hn[-amWp IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥ A∏w apdn-°p-∂Xv.

A∏-°-jWw BZyw ssIbn¬ In´n-b-h¿ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw

]°¬ Hmtcm IjWw FØp-∂-Xp-hsc AXp ssIamdp-I-

bmWp sNøp-∂-Xv. Xm≥ apdn-®p-\evInb A∏-Øn-s‚ I-j-W-

38


ßƒ C{]-Imcw ssIam-dns°m≠n-cn°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn-em-

IWw Xm≥ ÿm]n-°p∂ Ip¿_m-\ F∂ IqZm-i- F¥mIp∂p

sh∂p -hy-mJym\n°p-∂ Znhy-h-N- p-Iƒ Cutim Acpƒ

s®øp∂Xv. A∏-°-jWw F√m-h¿°pw e`n-®p-sh∂v Dd-∏m-

Ip-tºmƒ Hcp IjWw X\n-°p-th-≠n IpSpw-_-\mY≥ apdn-

s®-Sp-°p∂p. BZyw IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥ `£n--®pXpSßp∂p.

CXmWp a‰p-≈-h¿°pw `£n-°m-sa-∂-Xn\p≈ AS-bm-fw.

F√m-hcpw Nmcn-bn-cp-∂mWp `£n-°p-∂-Xv. Hcn-°¬ CuPn

]vXn¬ ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂ Ah¿°p ssZh-Øns‚ i‡-amb

CS-s]-S¬aqew e`n® kzmX-{¥ysØ kqNn-∏n-°m-\mWv

Cßs\ sNøp-∂-Xv.

a¿°mkv kphn-ti-j-I-≥ \evIp∂ hnh-cWw t\m°pI:

“Ah¿ `£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cns°, Cutim A∏w

FSpØv kvtXm{Xw]d™v hn`-Pn®v Ah¿°p

\evIn: ‘‘FSp-Øp-sIm≈q; CXv Fs‚ ico-c-am-Wv.” (a¿t°mkv 14::22)

AtX, s]k-lm-bnse {]mcw` eLp`£Ww Ign®p-

Ign™p kvtXm{X-{]m¿∞\ A¿∏n®p apdn® ]pfn-∏n-√mØ

A∏w Ign-°m≥ XpS-ßp-tºm-gmWv Cutim A∏-Øns‚-ta¬

Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-hm-Iy-ßƒ Dcp-hn-Sp-∂Xv.

(iv) aq∂m-asØ ]m\-]m-{Xhpw

s]k-lm-bn-sebpw Ip¿_m-\-bn-sebpw

IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm-{X-{]m¿∞-\Ifpw

F√m-hcpw s]k-lm-bp-sS {][m\hn -̀h-ßƒ ̀ £n®p Ign-

bp-tºmƒ IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥, apºv A∏saSpØp kvtXm{Xw

]d™t∏mƒ Xm≥ sNbvX-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂, Fgp-t∂‰p \nh¿

∂ncp∂p aq∂m-asØ ]m\-]m-{X-Øns‚ta¬ A\p-{Kl-

{]m¿∞\ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Ign® s]k-lm-̀ -£W-Øn\p

ssZh-Øn\p \μn ]-d-bp∂-XmWv CXns‚ {]mcw-`-{]m¿∞-\.

{]m¿∞\ CXmWv: ‘\man-t∏mƒ ]¶p-tN¿∂ ̀ £-W-hn-`-h-ß-

39

fpsS-sb√mw ZmXm-hmb I¿Øm-hns\, \ΩpsS ssZh-sØ,

\ap°p kvXpXn°mw’(Let us praise the Lord our God, to whombelongs that of which we have partaken). CXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn

a‰p-≈-h¿ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p: ‘Rßƒ `£n® Cu Blm-

c-sØ-{]Xn \ΩpsS ssZhw kvXpXn-°-s∏-Ss´.’ (Praised beour God for the food we have eaten).

CtX {]m¿∞-\ sNdnb hyXym-k-tØmsS Ip¿_m\-

kzoI-c-W-tØmSv A\p-_-‘-ambn Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ \man∂pw

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ‘... Cu Znhy-c-l-ky-ßsf kao-]n®v Chbn¬

]¶p-sIm-≈m≥ tbmKy-cm-°-s∏´ \aps°√m-h¿°pw Ch

bpsS ZmXm-hmb ssZh-Øn\p kvXpXnbpw IrX-⁄-Xbpw

ka¿∏n°mw’; ‘Ah¿Æ-\o-b-amb Cu Zm\-sØ°pdn®v


I¿Ømth, Atß°p kvXpXn.’ ‘F∏n-kvXpe A∏-kvtXm-temcpw’(2˛mw

\q‰m≠vv), ‘]{¥≠v A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS

{]t_m-[-\-ßƒ’ (9:1˛10:6) apX-em-b {KŸ-

ßƒ kqNn∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, AKmt∏

(kvt\-l-hn-cp∂v) Ign-®-Xn-\p-tijw Ip¿_m-

\-ip-{iqj Bcw-̀ n-®n-cp∂ ]mc-ºcyw ]n¥p

S¿∂n-cp-∂n-SØv Cu {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Xßƒ `£n® AKmt∏

hncp-∂n-\p ssZh-tØmSp≈ \μn hm°p-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p

\ap°v A\p-am\n°mhp∂-XmWv. F∂m¬, hnip≤ ‘lnt∏m-

fn-‰kns‚ A∏-kvtXm-en-I-]mcºcyw’ (28:1), tdman¬ hnip≤

PÃns‚ cN-\-Iƒ F∂nh kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, AKmt∏-

hncp-∂n\papºv D]-hm-kssNX-\y-Øn¬ hnip≤Ip¿_m\

BtLm-jn®v Znhy-Im-cpWyw Dƒs°m-≠n-cp∂ ]mcº-cy-Øn¬

Cu {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Ip¿_m\-kzo-I-c-W-ti-j-ap≈ \μn-{]Im-

i-\-ambn ̀ hn-°p-∂p.

Chn-sS, s]k-lm-I¿Ω-Øns‚ ̀ mK-ambn IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥

Xs‚ heXpIcØn¬ FSpØ ]m\-]m{Xw Aev]w (Hcp ssI∏

Øns∏m°wam{Xw) Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®v AXn-te°p t\m°n-

40


s°m≠mWp {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv. aq∂v A\p-{Kl{]m¿∞-\Iƒ

(triad benedictions) CXn\p]tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-∂p _n.kn. 120

apX¬ \n¿_-‘-am°n-bncp∂p. CXns\ A\p-{K-l-Øns‚,

AYhm, kvtXm{X-Øns‚ ]m\-]m{Xw (the cup of blessing)F∂mWp hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ]m\-]m{Xw FSp-ØmWv Cutim

Xs‚ Ah-km\ AØm-g-Øn¬ IrX-⁄Xm-kvtXm{Xw

sNbvXXpw Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°p sImSp-ØXpw, Ah¿ IpSn®p

Ign-™-t∏mƒ, ]m]-tamN\-Øn-\mbn sNmcnbs∏-Sp∂Xpw

]pXnb DS-ºSn-bp-tS-Xp-amb Xs‚Xs∂ c‡-am-Wn-sX∂v

Acpƒ sNbvXXpw.

“A\-¥cw Ah≥ ]m\-]m{Xw FSpØv IrX⁄-

Xm-kvtXm{XwsNbvXv Ah¿°p sImSp-Øp-. Ah-

sc-√mhcpw AXn¬\n∂p IpSn®p. Ah≥ Ah-

tcmSp ]d™p: ‘CXv At\-I¿°p-th≠n Nn¥-

s∏-Sp-∂Xpw DS-ºSn-bp-tS-Xp-amb Fs‚ c‡w

BIp∂p.” (a¿t°mkv 14:23).

hnip≤ ]utemkns‚ hm°p-Iƒ \ap°p t\m°mw:

“A{]-ImcwXs∂, AØm-g-Øn-\p-tijw ]m\-

]m{Xw FSpØv AcpƒsNbvXp: “Cu ]m\-]m{Xw

Fs‚ c‡-Øn-ep≈ ]pXnb DSº-Sn-bm-Ip-∂p.

\nßƒ CXp ]m\w sNøp-tºm-sg√mw, CXv Fs‚

Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn sNøpI” (1tImdn-t¥mkv 11:25).

41

\n›-b-ambpw, s]k-lmip{iq-j-bn¬ A\p{Kl-Øns‚,

AYhm, kvtXm{X-Øns‚ ]m\-]m{Xw F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-

s∏-Sp∂ aq∂m-asØ ]m\-]m{XØns‚-ta-emWv ChnsS Cutim

kvtXm{XwsNøp∂Xv. hnip≤ ]utemkv Ip¿_m-\-c-l-ky-

sØ-°p-dn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ CXp kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠p

]d-bp∂p:

“\mw kvtXm{XwsNøp∂ kvtXm{X-Øns‚

(A\p{Kl-Øns‚) ]m\-]m{Xw (‘the cup of bless-ing that we bless’ - RSV) anin-lm-bpsS c‡-Øn-

ep≈ ]¶p-tN-c-et√?” (1 tImdn-t¥mkv 10:16).

Cu IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm{X{]m¿∞-\-bmWp s]k-lm-

bnse _n¿-ImXv lm˛-a-t m≥. bpMvam≥ CXn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-

bp∂p: ‘icn-bmbn Hcp-°-s∏-´- Hcp HutZym-Kn-Iamb A\p-


{Kl-{]m¿∞-\-bm-WnXv (Grace). ssZhw Xs‚

P\-Øn\p \evInb F√m A\p-{K-l-ßƒ°pw

CuPn-]vXn¬\n∂v Ah¿°p \¬Inb tamN-\-

Øn\pw Xs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\--sa∂ \ne-

bn¬ Ah-cp-ambn D≠m-°nb DS-º-Sn°pw

Ah¿°p \evInb \nb-a-Øn\pw at\m-l-chpw

hnim-e-hp-amb tZi-Øn\pw Ah¿ IrX-⁄X {]Im-in-∏n°p-

I-bmWv Cu {]m¿∞-\-bn¬’ (Jungmann. J., The Early Liturgy,p.32).

Xs‚ A\-¥-kvt\-lhpw AN-©-e-hn-iz-kvX-Xbpw {]I-

S-am-°p-∂-XmWp ssZhw \n¿h-ln® c£m-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ.

Ahsb-{]Xn ssZh-Øn\p kvXpXnbpw IrX-⁄Xbpw A¿∏n-

°p-∂-XmWv blq-Z-cpsS s]k-lm-bnse kvtXm{X-{]m¿∞\m

I¿Ω-Øns‚ (the rite of blessing - Birkat Ha-mazon) ImX¬.

ssZhw XpS-ßn-bXpw XpS-cp-∂-Xp-amb Cu c£m{]h¿Ø\w

Ahn-S∂p ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-Wsa∂ bmN-\bpw Cu IrX-⁄Xm

kvtXm{X{]m¿∞-\-bpsS Ahn-`mPyLS-I-am -bn -cp∂p.

Xßƒ°p {]m]vX-am-Im≥ t]mIp∂ bpKm-¥y-an-in-lm-\n-I-

42


c£-sb-°p-dn-®p-ff {]Xo-£-tbmSpw Dd® hnizm-k-tØm-Spw-

IqsS am{Xta blq-Z¿ s]k-lm-bnse Cu {]m¿∞\ A¿∏n-

®n-cp-∂p-≈p. `qX-Im-e-{]-k-‡-amb Imcy-ß-sf∂ \ne-bn¬

am{X-a-√, {]Xyp-X, Ah-cpsS h¿Ø-am-\-ImePohn-X-Ønepw

Bh-iyI-amb ssZh]cn-]m-e\hpw c£bpw Dd∏mbn e`n-

°p-sa∂ {]Xym-i-tbm-sS-bm-Wp ]gb kw`-h-ßƒ Ah-¿

ChnsS Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂Xpw ImWp-∂Xpw. Xßƒ°p e`n-°m≥

t]mIp-∂-Xns‚ (`mhn-bpsS) Hcp ap∂m-kzm-Z\hpw Ah¿

CXn¬ ImWp-∂p.

_n¿ImXv lm˛-a-t mWpw Ip¿_m-\-bnse {][m\s∏´

IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm-{X-{]m¿∞-\Ifpw ({]-Wm-a-P-]-ßƒ) LS-

\m-]-c-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂psh∂Xp {it≤-b-amWv.

c≠nepw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-I¿Ω-sØ-{]-Xn, hnin-jym,

a\pjy-kr-jvSn-bn¬ Ahn-S∂p {]Z¿in-∏n® henb Imcp-Wy-

sØ{]Xn, Ahn-S-tØ°p kvXpXn ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw Ncn-{X-

ØneqsS Ahn-S∂p \n¿h-ln® c£m--I-c-{]-hr-Øn-Isf{]Xn

Ahn-S-tØ°p \μn A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. c≠nSØpw

hnh-c-Wm-flI-am-bmWp ssZhw \n¿h-ln® c£m-I-c-I¿Ωßƒ

G‰p-]-d-bp-∂Xv.

km_Øns‚ Xte∂mƒ sshIn´p \S-Øp∂ `£W

ip{iq-jsb A\p-I-cn®v CXc kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ blq-Z¿ \S-

Øp∂ kulr-Z-hn-cp-∂mWv I_qdm`£Ww (chaburah meal).ssZh-P-\w F∂ \nebn¬ Xßƒ°p e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ Xnc-

s™-Sp∏v FSp-Øp-]d™p ssZh-Im-cpWyw tXSp-IbmWp

s]k-lm-bnsebpw I_q-dm-̀ -£-W-th-f-bn-sebpw IrX-⁄Xm-

kvtXm-{X-{]m¿∞-\-bn¬. ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\-

sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah¿°p ssZhw \evInb hmKvZm\w ]q¿Øn-

bm-°m≥ Ah¿ {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. c£m-I-c-hmKvZm-

\-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-te°v D‰pt\m°n-s°m-≠mWv

blq-Z¿ s]k-lm-bn¬ anin-lm-bpsS ]m\-]m-{X-Øns‚

(Genbm-bpsS ]m\-]m{XØn-s‚) ta¬ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xpw

43


AXp ]m\w-sNøp∂Xpw. henb {]Xo-£-bpsS {]m¿∞-\-bm-

WnXv. Genbm-bpsS c≠mwhc-hmWv Ahsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-

tØmfpw anin-lm-bpsS BK-a-\-Øns‚ \mμnIpdn°p∂

kw`hw. tbml-∂m≥kv\m]-Is\ c≠mw Gen-bm-bmbpw

Cutimsb ssZhw hmKvZm\wsNbvX anin-lm-bmbpw Xncn-®-

dn-bm-bvI-bm¬, Ah¿ C∂pw hmKvZm-\-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-

Øn-\mbn hy¿∞-ambn ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wt√m!

Ip¿_m-\-bn¬, s]k-lm-bn-te-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, ssZh-P\-

sa∂ \ne-bn-emWp \mw \mem-asØ {]Wm-a-P]w sNm√p∂Xv.

s]k-lm-bn-te-Xp-t]mse Chn-sSbpw ssZh-cm-Py-]q¿Øo-I-c-

W-Øn-\m-bn Xncp- ` {]m¿∞n°p∂p. F∂m¬, blq-Z¿

sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse Gen-bm-{]hm-N-Is‚ c≠mw hc-hn-t\m

anin-lm-bp-sS BZysØ hc-hn-t\mth≠n

\Ωƒ {]m¿∞n-t°≠-Xn√. ImcWw, Ah¿

h∂pIgn-™psh∂p \ap°v Adnbmw.

BI-bm¬, c£-I-s\°pdn®pw kz¿§-

{]m]vXn e`n®p anin-lm-bn¬ H∂mbn \nev

°p∂ hnip-≤sc-°p-dn®pw Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´

ssZh-P-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw ssZh-Xn-cp-ap-ºn¬ Df-hm-Ip∂ A\p-

kva-cW, AY-hm, Hm¿Ω A\p-{Kl{]hml-Øn-\p≈ hgn-Ømc

bmsW∂p a\- n-em-°n-s°m≠p Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ \mw {]m¿∞n-

°p∂p.

kz¿§-\m-Y-t\mSpw kz¿§-hm-kn-I-tfmSpw IqsS Hcpan°p-

I-sb-∂-XmWp \ΩpsS BXy-¥n-I-e-£yw. Cu e£yw {]m]n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ ssZh-Z-Ø-amb am¿§w- \memw {]Wm-a-P]Øn¬

]ptcm-ln-X≥ G‰p-]dbp∂p:

˛I¿Øm-hmb ssZhw am{X-amWv bYm¿∞ GI]nXmhv.

˛Ahn-SsØ {]nb-]p-{X-\mWv Cutim-an-inlm.

˛ssZh-]n-Xmhp Xs‚ {]nb]p{Xs\ temI-Øn-te°v

Ab®p.

44


˛ Cutim-an-inlm \ΩpsS I¿Ømhpw ssZh-hp-am-Wv.

˛ aninlm h∂p Poh-Zm-b-I-amb kphn-tijw \ap°p \evIn.

˛ Cu kphn-tijw kzoI-cn°pIbpw Poh-Zm-b-I-amb

hnip≤ amtam-Zo-km-bpsS AS-bm-f-Øm¬ ap{Zn-X-cm-IpIbpw

]cn-ip≤ ItØm-en°mk-̀ -bpsS AwK-ß-fm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂

F√m-h¿°pw hnip-≤nbpw ss\¿Ωeyhpw \evIp∂p. {]hm-N-

I-∑mcpw «ol-∑mcpw c‡-km-£n-Ifpw hμ-Icpw thZ-]m-cw-

K-X--∑mcp-sa√mw Cu am¿§w kzoI-cn®p ss\¿Ω-eyhpw

hnip≤nbpw {]m]n-®-h-cm-Wv; ssZhn-I-amb im¥n-bpw kzÿ-

X-bpw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.

ss\¿Ω-ey-Øn-s‚bpw hnip-≤n-bp-sSbpw am¿§amb

ItØm-en-°mk-̀ sb Xncn-®-dn™ kXym-cm-[-Isct∏mse kI-

e-cpw Cu kXy-⁄m\-Øn-te°pw kXy-am¿§-Øn-te°pw

hcm\pw, AXp-hgn, Cu hnip≤ Iq´mbva-bpsS ̀ mK-am-Im\pw

th≠n-bmWp \man-hnsS hnip≤ IqZmi ]cn-I¿Ωw- sNøp

∂Xpw [ym\n®p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xpw. ‘kIe a\p-jycpw Adn-

bs´’, ‘F√m-hcpw Adn-bs´’ F∂n-ßs\ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xv

45

Cu {]m¿∞-\-bpsS t{]jn-X-kz-`mhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

hnip≤ Iq´m-bva F∂Xp-sIm≠v ChnsS A¿∞-am-°p-

∂Xv kz¿K-Øn-se-Ønb hnip-≤cpw ̀ qan-bn¬ hnip≤PohnXw

\bn-°p-∂-hcpw H∂p-tN-cp∂ GI-kJy-sØ-bm-Wv. kz¿§-

Øn¬ Znhy-c-£-I-t\m-sSm∏w ]c-ssa-Iy-Øn¬ hmgp∂

kz¿§obIq´m-bvabpw `qan-bnse hnip≤amb k`m-°q-´m-

bvabpw XΩn-ep≈ kwk¿§w- \mw C-{]-Imcw IqZmi ]cn-

I¿Ωw sNbvXp {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xp-hgn IqSp-X¬ ZrV-Xcam-

Ip∂psh∂ kqN-\bpw Chn-sS- {]m¿∞-\-bnep≠v.

s]k-lm-bn¬ Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ blq-Z¿ sNøp-∂-Xp

t]mse, Gen-bmbpsS c≠mw hc-hn-t\m ssZhw anin-lmsb

Ab-bv°p-∂-Xnt\mth≠nbp≈ {]m¿∞\-b√, {]Xyp-X,


ssZhm-flmhns‚ (an-in-lm-bpsS Bflm-hn-s‚)

BhmkØn\pth-≠nbp≈ {]m¿∞\bmWp

Ip¿_m-\-bnse \memw {]Wm-a-P]Øns‚

A¥y-Øn¬ ]ptcm-ln-X≥ sNm√p-∂Xv.

ImcWw, AƒØm-c-ta¬ ka¿∏n°s∏´n-cn-

°p∂ _en-h-kvXp-°-fpsS ]hn-{Xo-I-c-W-

Øn\pw B _en-h-kvXp°-tfm-sSm∏w ka¿∏n-X-cm-bn-cn-°p∂

ssZh-P-\-amb \ΩpsS hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\pw \Ωƒ D∞m-\-

Øn-s‚- {]Xym-i-bm¬ \ndbp∂-Xn\pw- ssZ-hm-cq-]n-bpsS

{]h¿Ø-\w Bh-iy-amWv. ssZhm-cq-]n-bpsS Bhm-k-Ømepw

]cn-ip≤ Ip¿_m\-kzo-I-c-W-Ømepw kIe hnip-≤-tcm-Sp-

sam-∏-ap≈ kz¿§ob-Po-hn-X-sa∂ ]cae£yw- {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-

\mWp ssZh-P-\-sa∂ \nebn¬ Xncp- -`m-a-°ƒ ChnsS

{]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv:

“I¿Øm-th, \ns‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv Fgp-s∂≈n-

h-c-s´. \ns‚ Zmk-cpsS Cu Ip¿_m-\-bn¬

AhnS∂p Bh-kn®v CXns\ Bio¿Δ-Zn-°p-

Ibpw ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøs´. CXp

46


Rßƒ°p IS-ß-fpsS s]mdp-Xn°pw ]m]-ß-

fpsS tamN-\-Øn\pw acn-®-h-cpsS Dbn¿∏nep≈

henb {]Xym-ibv°pw \ns∂ {]oXn-s∏-Sp-Ønb

F√m-h-tcm-Sp -sam-∂n®p kz¿§-cm-Py-Øn¬

\hamb Pohn-X-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Is´”blqZs]k-lm-bnse IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm-{X-{]m¿∞-\bpw

(_n¿-ImXv lm -̨a-t m≥) Ip¿_m-\bnse {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw XΩn-

ep≈ _‘hpw hyXy-mkhpw {lkz-ambn \mw a\- n-em-°n.

C\n, Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p hnip≤ eq°m

\evIp∂ hnh-cWw \ap°p {i≤n°mw

Cutim-bpsS Ahkm\ s]klm-I¿Ω-ßsf°p-dn®p

{]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ eq°m 22:17 ¬ Hcp ]m\-]m-{X-sØ-°pdn®p

]d-bp-∂p-≠v. GXmWv Cu ]m\-]m-{X-sa∂p \mw kwi-bn-

t®°mw. ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p∂Xp s]k-lm-bnse c≠m-

asØ ]m\-]m{XsØbmWv. AXm-b-Xv, lKZm°∏ns\bm-Wv

(Haggadah Cup). {][m\-`-£-W-Øn\papºp IpSn-°p∂

ImkbmWnXv. (Hm¿°p-I, CXp aq∂m-a-tØ-X-√.) CXn\ptij-

amWv A∏-sa-SpØv Cutim IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm{XwsNbvXv

hn`-Pn®v Ah¿°p \evIn-s°m≠p ]d-™-Xv, “CXv \nßƒ

°mbn \evI-s∏-Sp∂ Fs‚ ico-c-amWv. Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn

\nßƒ CXp sNøpI.” (eq°m 22:19).

Cutim AØm-g-Øn-\-pti-j-amWp aq∂m-asØ ]m\-

]m{Xw FSp°pIbpw AXp ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS ]m\-]m-{X-

amsW∂p {]Jym-]n-°pIbpw sNbvX-sX∂v, hnip≤ ]utem-

kn-s\-t∏mse, eq°mkphn-ti-j-I\pw hy‡-am-°p∂p:

“A{]-ImcwXs∂, AØm-g-Øn-\p-tijw ]m\-

]m{Xw FSp-Øp-sIm≠v Ah≥ ]d™p:

‘\nßƒ°pth≠n sNmcn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu ]m\-

]m{Xw Fs‚ c‡Ønep≈ ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-

bm-Wv” (eq°m 22:20).

47

CXn¬\n∂p \ap°p a\- n-em-Ip-∂p, Ip¿_m-\-b∏w

FSpØp kvtXm{Xw-sNbvXp sImSpØv injy-∑m¿ AXp ̀ £n-

®-Xn\pw s]-k-lm-`-£Ww Ign-®-Xn-\pw-tijw am{X-amWv

Cutim aq∂m-asØ ]m\-]m-{Xamb ]cn-ip≤ Ip¿_m-\-bpsS

Imk FSpØXpw IrX-⁄-Xm-kvtXm{XwsNbvXv Ah¿°p

]m\w sNøm≥ \evIn-b-Xpw. F∂m¬, Cu {Ia-a√ Ip¿_m-\-

bn¬ \man∂p ]men-°p-∂-Xv. Ip¿_m-\-b∏w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-

Xn\pw Xncp-c‡w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-an-S-bn¬ Hcp `£W-

ip{iqj (s]-klm AØmgw As√-¶n¬ kvt\l-hncp∂v)

\ap-°n-√.

sh≈w Ie¿Ønb ho™pw Hcp-°-s∏´ A∏hpw Aƒ

Øm-c-bn¬ FSpØph®tijw c≠ns‚taepw IrX-⁄Xm-

kvtXm{Xw Hcp-an®p ka¿∏n-°pI-bmWp

\man∂p Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ sNøp-∂Xv. HSp-hn¬

Xncp-»-co-c-c-‡-ßƒ Hcp-an®p \mw kzoI-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬, «ol-

∑m-cpsS Ime-ØpXs∂, \S-∏n-¬hcpØnb

{]mtbm-Kn-I-amb Hcp {Iao-I-c-W-amWv. A∏w-

ap-dn-°¬ ip{iq-j-bpsS Bcm-[-\-{I-a-]c-amb

Kuchw \jvS-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\mWv Cßs\ sNbvXXv. C°m-

cy-Øn¬ ss«ln-I-Im-e-L-́ -Øn-se-Xs∂ Bcm-[-\-{IaØns‚

kzm[o\amWv aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw a¿t°m-kn-s‚bpw kphn-

tijhnh-c-W-Øn¬ {]Xn-^en-°p-∂Xv.

(v) henb ls√epw \mem-asØ ]m\-]m-{Xhpw

blqZ¿ s]klm kam-]n-°p-∂-Xn\papºp kvtXm{X-KoX-

Øns‚ c≠mw ̀ mKw lo{_q-`mj-bn¬ ]mSp-∂p. 115 apX¬ 118

hsc-bp≈ k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv.

CXns\ henb kvtXm{X-KoXw (h-enb ls√¬) F∂p hnfn-

°p-∂p. blq-Z¿ ImØn-cp∂ anin-lm-bpsS BK-a-\-sØ A[n-

I-cn-°p-∂hbpw bpKm-t¥ym-∑pJ-Xbp-≈-hbpambmWv Cu


48


k¶o¿Ø-\-ß-sf Cutim-bpsS Ime-am-b-t∏m-ƒ blq-Z-Kp-cp-

°-∑m¿ (d∫n-am¿) hymJym-\n-®n-cp-∂Xv.

Cu kvtXm-{X-Ko-X-sØ-°p-dn-®mWp hnip≤ a¿t°mkv

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv:

“Hcp kvtXm{X-KoXw ]mSn-b-tijw Ah¿

Henhp-a-e-bn-te°p t]mbn.” (a¿t°mkv 14:26).

henb ls√¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ, ho™p \nd® \mem-

asØ ]m\-]m-{X-w ka¿∏n®v Ah¿ ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p∂p.

CXmWv kvXpXn-bpsS ]m\-]m{Xw, AY-hm, ls√¬°∏v (HallelCup). Gen-bm-bpsS ]m\-]m{Xw, anin-lm-bpsS ]m\-]m-{Xw

(Cup of Elijah, Cup of Messiah) F∂n-ßs\bpw blq-Z¿ CXns\

hnti-jn-∏n-°mdp≠v. Ah¿°p hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-́ n-cn-°p∂

c£-I-\mb aninlm Hcp s]klmthf-bn¬ BK-X-\m-Ip-

sa∂pw Ah-cpsS ]c-a-amb hntamN\w km[y-am-°p-sa∂pap≈

{]Xo-£-bmWv Cu t]cp-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv. ls√¬]m\-

]m{XØns‚ `mK-am-bn-´-√msX, A©m-a-tØ-Xmbn Gen-bm-

bpsS, AY-hm, anin-lm-bpsS ]m\-]m{Xw hmgvØp∂ coXnbpw

Nne-t∏mƒ blq-Z¿°n-S-bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p. s]k-lmbv°p

\mep ]m\]m{Xsa¶nepw D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂Xp s]mXphmb

\njv°¿j-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

s]k-lm-bnse Cu ]m\-]m-{X-ßsf km¥z-\-]m-{Xß

sf∂pw (cups of comforts) blq-Z¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

ImcWw, CuPn]vXn¬h®v BZy-s]-k-lm-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v

D≠mb kw`-h-ßƒ blq-Z¿°p henb km¥z-\-Ønt‚-Xm-

bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, CuPn-]vXp-°m¿°v Ah t¢i-ß-fp-tS-Xm-

bn-cp-∂p. BI-bm¬, ssZhw t¢i-ßfpsS ]m\-]m-{X-ßfmWv

(cups of afflictions) AhbneqsS CuPn-]vXp-°m¿°p sImSpØ

sX∂v blq-Z¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. s]k-lm-bn¬ Hmtcm ]m\-

]m-{Xhpw IpSn-°p-tºmƒ Cu Nn¥ blq-ZcpsS Hm¿Ωsb

hnIm-c-`-cn-X-am-°p-∂p.

49

1.12. kvtXm{X{]m¿∞-\bpw c£-Is‚ hchpw

s]k-l-mbnse {][m\`£-W-Øn-\p-tijw ssZh-Øn\p

kvtXm{X-{]m¿∞\ ka¿∏n®tijw aq∂m-asØ Imk (Cupof Blessing) IpSn®pI-gn™m¬ DS≥Xs∂ Ah¿ henb

ls√¬ (k¶o¿Ø\w 115-˛118) Be-]n-®n-cp-∂psh∂p \mw

I≠p. Cu k¶o¿Ø-\-ßfpw XpS¿∂v, kvXpXn-∏ns‚ ]m\-

]m-{Xw, Genbm-bpsS ]m\-]m-{Xw, anin-lm-bpsS ]m\-]m-{Xw

F∂n-ßs\sbms° hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-́ n-cp∂ \mem-asØ ]m\-

]m-{X-Øns‚ta¬ sNm√p∂ kvXpXn∏pw anin-lm-bpsS hc-hn-

s\bpw c£m-I-c-I¿Ω-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-sØbpw ]cm-

a¿in-°p-∂-h-bmsW∂pw \mw a\ n-em°n. Chsb√mw kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, s]klmI¿Ωw kam-]-\-Øn-te°p

\oßp∂ Cu {]m¿∞-\mka-bØp blqZa\- p-Iƒ anin-

lm-bpsS c£m-I-c-amb hc-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈

Nn¥-I-fm -bn -cp∂p Xmtem-en -®n -cp -∂-Xv .

F∂m¬, Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ Cutim-bpsS

hnNm-c-ßƒ Fs¥ms° B-bncp∂n-cn-°Ww?

s]k-lm-c-l-ky-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-

amWv Cutim-bpsS s]k-lm-bn-eqsS kw`-


hn-°p-∂-Xv. bYm¿∞ tamN-\-Øn-s‚bpw c£-bp-sSbpw hmXm-

b\w Cutimanin-lm-bnemWp Xpd-°p-∂-Xv. CXp thKw km[y-

am°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv I¿Ømhp Xs‚ IS-∂p-t]m-I-ens‚

˛s]k-lm-bpsS (Pasah - Passover)-̨ hn\m-gn-I-Ifn¬ Nn¥n®Xv.

Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\ka-bØv Cutim-bpsS a\ v Xs‚

al-Øz-]q¿W-amb ]p\-cm-K-a-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥sIm≠p

\nd-™n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ kl-\-ac-tWm-∞m-\ßfneqsS BK-X-

am-Ip∂ ssZhcmPy-Øn¬ ]¶p-Im-c-\m-Ip-∂-Xns\-°p-dn®v

AhnS∂p s]k-lmbv°v Hcp-°-ambn ]t{Xm-kns‚ ]mZw Igp-

Ip-tºmƒ AcpƒsN-øp∂p. AXp-t]m-se, ssZh-cm-Py-Øn¬

CXp ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂Xp-hsc Rm≥ kXy-ambpw CXp `£n-

50


°p-I-bns√∂p Xs‚ injy-∑m-tcmSv Cutim i]-Yw-sNbvXp

]d-bp∂p (eq°m 22:16; ImWpI: eq°m 22:18). BK-X-amIp∂

ssZh-cm-Py-sØ-°pdn-®p≈ hnNm-c-ßfmWv A¥nas]k-lm-

th-f-bn¬ Ahn-SsØ a\ n¬ \nd™p-\n-∂n-cp-∂sX∂v Ch-

sb√mw shfn-hm-°p-∂p. {][m\-]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ apºmsI hnNm-

c-Wbv°p hnt[-b-\m-Ip-tºmƒ, a\p-jy-]p-{Xs‚ al-Øz-]q¿Æ-

amb BK-a-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Ahn-S∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]oem-

tØm-kv tNmZyw-sN-bvX-t∏mƒ Xs‚ cmP-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®pw

sFln-I-a-√mØ Xs‚ cmPy-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ahn-S∂p {]kvXm-

hn-°p∂p-.

CXp-t]m-se, Ip¿_m-\-b¿∏-W-th-f-bn¬ anin-lm-bpsS

]p\cmK-a-\-sØ-°p-dn®p \mapw [ym\n-°p-∂p-. Cßs\ sNøp-

tºmƒ \mw I¿Øm-hns‚ Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-ka-bsØ lrZ-

b-Øp-Sn-∏p-Iƒ G‰phmßp-I-bm-Wv, BtLm-jn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

1.13. ]pXnb IqZmi

s]k-lm-bnse kvtXm{X-Øns‚ ]m\-]m-{X-am-Wv (Cup ofBlessing) Ip¿_m\ÿm]-\-k-a-bØv Cutim FSpØp

hmgvØn-bsX∂p \mw a\- n-em°n. AXm-b-Xv, s]k-lm-bn¬

aq∂m-asØ Imk-. ""\mw kvtXm{Xw sNøp∂ kvtXm{X-Øns‚

Imk'', ""\mw apdn-°p∂ A∏w'' (1 tImdn-t¥mkv 10:16) F∂n-

ßs\ tImdn-t¥m-kp-Im-tcmSp ]utemkv«olm Ip¿_m-\-sb-

°p-dn®p ]Tn-∏n-°m≥th≠n Ipdn-°p∂ hm°p-Iƒ s]klm-

`-£-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬\n∂p hcp∂ ]Z-{]tbm-K-am-

sW∂pw hy‡-am-bt√m.

ChnsS blq-Z¿ km[m-cWambn sNøp-∂-Xn¬ A[n-I-

ambn Cutim sNbvXXv F¥mWv? Ip¿_m\ÿm]-\-hm-°p-

Iƒ D®-cn-®p-sIm≠v, AS-bm-f-ß-fn-eqsS, Xs‚ s]k-lm-c-l-

ky-ßsf Hcp IqZm-i-bmbn ]cn-I¿Ωw sNbvXpsh∂-XmWv.

s]k-lm-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ A∏hpw sh≈w Ie¿Ønb

ho™pw-Xs∂ Ahn-S∂v CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®p. Xs‚ A\p-bm-

51

bn-Iƒ C\n-ta¬ BN-cn-°m-\p≈ Ip¿_m\ F∂ Znhy-ip{iq-

j-bn-te°v, Ahbv°p \h-amb A¿∞-ta-In-s°m≠v, Cutim

Ahsb am‰n{]Xn-jvTn-®p. H∏w, Cu Znhy-I¿Ωw A\p-jvTn-

°m≥ Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS kaq-l-tØmSv Ahn-S∂p Iev]n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXp-hgn Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Isf Hcp

Ip¿_m\-k-aq-l-ambn (Eucharistic community) Cutim \n¿Δ-

Nn-®p; ÿm]n®p

hnip≤ Ft{^-ans‚ hm°p-Iƒ ChnsS {]k-‡-amWv:

“Xs‚ bmK-Øm¬ (_-en-bm¬) bmK-ß-sfbpw,

Xs‚ ac-W-Øm¬ Ip™m-Sns‚ _en-I-sfbpw,

Xs‚ A∏-Øm¬ ]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏-sØbpw,

Xs‚ kl-\-Øm¬ ssI∏p-No-c-sbbpw

Cutim Ft∂-°p-ambn am‰n {]Xn-jvTn-®p.” (Arm.Hymn, 51:1-6).

1.14. ]pXnb IqZm-ibpw ]gb I¿Ω-ßfpw

ss{IkvX-h-cpsS Ip¿_m\bmN-c-W-Øn\v

blq-Z-cpsS s]k-lm-̀ -£-Ww, I_qdmhncp∂v

(chaburah meal) F∂n-hbn¬ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

_n¿°mXv lm˛a-t m≥ (Birkat Ha-Mazon) -F∂ {]m¿∞\

bpsS LS-\-bp-w D≈-S-°-hp-ambn \√ _‘-ap-s≠∂v CXp-

hsc {]Xn]m-Zn® Imcy-ß-fn¬\n∂p hy‡amWt√m. ho≠pw

Cu \nco-£-WsØ DZm-l-cn-°m≥ blq-Z-cpsS s]klm,

km_-Øp-`-£-Ww, kulrZ(I_qdm)-`£Ww F∂n-h-bn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ A\p-{K-l-{]m¿∞-\-bpsS BapJ-`mKhpw

Ip¿_m-\-bnse A\m-s^m-dm-bpsS Bcw-`-`m-Khpw \ap°p

{i≤n°mw.

Ip¿_m-\-bnse IuZm-in-I- Ir-X-⁄-Xm-kvtXm-{X-{]m¿∞-

\-Iƒ°p XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂Xp Im¿Ωn-Is‚ Biw-ktbmsS-

bm-Wv. ‘I¿Ømhp \nß-tfm-Sp-IqsS’ F∂ efn-Xamb cq]tam

‘\ΩpsS I¿Ømhotimaninlm-bpsS Ir]bpw ]nXm-hmb


52


ssZhØns‚ kvt\lhpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ klhm-khpw

\msa-√m-h-tcmSp-wIqsS D≠m-bn-cn-°s´’ F∂ {XnXz-mflIhpw

ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn hnI-kn-X-hpamb cq-]tam ChnsS

hyXykvXk`-Iƒ Biw-kbv°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

Ch-bn¬ c≠m-a-tØ-XmWp ]uc-kvXy-kp-dn-bm-\n-°p¿_m-

\-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. A\m-s^m-dmbnte°p {]th-in-°p-

∂-Xn\v Hcp-°-ambn Cu Biwkbv°p apºp ]ptcm-ln-X≥

sNm√p∂ Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bp-≠v. \μn]d™psIm≠v CXp

XpSßp-∂-Xn-\mepw _en-]o-TsØ {]W-an®pw kvXpXn-hm-N-I-

tØmsSbpw kaq-l-Øns‚ `mK-`m-KnXzw kqNn-∏n-°p∂

‘Bta≥’ ]d™p-sIm≠pw CXv Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\mepw

{]mcw`{]WmaP]ambn CXn-s\bpw hymJym\n-°p∂p. Cu

{]m¿∞\bv°ptijw, ]ptcm-ln-X\pw Bcm-[-\m-k-aq-lhpw

]c-kv]cw kam-[m\w ssIamdp∂ ip{iq-jbpw I-gn-™mWp-

{XnXzm-fl-Im-iwk.

efn-Xtam (an-in-lm-\n-I-tam) hnI-kn-Xtam ({Xn-Xzmfl-Itam)

Bb Biwkbpw AXn\p kaq-lw \evIp∂ adp-]Snbpw

Ign-™m¬, F√m Ip¿_m-\-I-fn-ep-ap-≈Xp \n¿t±-im-fl-I-amb

Bap-J-kw-̀ m-jW-{]m¿∞-\-bmWv. CXns‚ cq]-Øn¬ hfsc

sNdnb hyXym-k-ßfp≠m-Im-sa-∂p-am-{Xw. \Ωƒ «ol-∑m-

cpsS Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ChnsS C{]-Imcw sNm√p∂p:

Im¿ΩnI≥: \nß-fpsS hnNm-c-ßƒ

D∂-X-Øn-te°v Db-c-s´.

kaqlw: A{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw Ck-lm-°n-s‚bpw

bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw ssZh-ta,

Bcm-[y-\mb cmPm-th,

Aß-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn-te-°v.

Im¿Ωn-I≥: kI-e-Øns‚bpw \mY-\mb ssZh-Øn\p

Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

kaqlw: AXp- \ymbhpw bp‡-hp-am-Ip-∂p.”

53

F∂m¬, CXns‚ efn-X-amb cq]-amWp an° Ip¿_m-\-

{I-a-ß-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv (D-Zm. lnt∏m-fn-‰-kns‚ A∏-

kvtXm-enI]mc-º-cyw, hnip≤ t_kn¬, hnip≤ {Intkm

kvtXmw, hnip≤ bmt°m-_v, hnip≤ a¿t°mkv F∂n-h-cpsS

t]cpI-fm¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ A\m-s^m-dm-Iƒ). AXv C{]-Im-

c-amWv:

Im¿ΩnI≥ ˛“\nß-fpsS hnNm-c-ßƒ

D∂-X-Øn-te°v Db-c-s´.

(Celebrant: Lift up your hearts)kaqlw: Rßƒ Ah I¿Øm-hn-te°p

Db¿Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p

(Celebrant: We have them with the the Lord)Im¿Ωn-I≥: \ap°p I¿Øm-hn\p IrX-⁄X A¿∏n°mw


(Celebrant: Let us give thanks unto the Lord)kaqlw: AXp- \ymbhpw bp‡-hp-w

B-Ip-∂p.

(People: It is meet and right).”hmkvX-h-Øn¬, CXv blq-Z-cpsS `£-W-

ip-{iq-j-bn¬ {][m-\-̀ -£-W-Øn-\p-tijw \S-

Øp∂ A\p-{K-l-{]m¿∞\ Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂-Xn\v D]tbm-Kn-°p∂

{]m¿∞-\-X-s∂-bm-Wv. sPmhm°nw sPd-an-bm (The Eucharis-tic Words of Jesus, p.117), {KnKdn UnIvkv (Gregory Dix,Liturgy,p.79f), sebv‰vkv-am≥ (Leitzmann, Mass and Lamb’s Sup-per, p.187) XpS-ßnb Bcm-[-\-{Ia˛ss_-_nƒ ]fin-X-∑m-

sc√mw C°mcyw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

blq-Z-\n-baw A\p-k-cn-®v, Bfp-I-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-°p-

∂-Xn\v A\p-kr-X-ambn ChnsS {]m¿∞-\bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

-hm-°p-Ifn¬ am‰w hcp∂p. ]Øp-t]¿ am{Xw ]s¶-Sp-°p∂

`£W-hn-cp∂msW-¶n¬, ‘\ap°p I¿Øm-hn\p IrX-⁄X

ka¿∏n°mw’, AYhm, ‘ssZh-amb I¿Øm-hns\ \ap°p

hmgvØmw’ F∂ efn-X-cq]amWp {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ ]d-tb-≠-Xv.

54


F∂m¬, \qdpt]¿ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ps≠-¶n¬, ‘\ΩpsS ssZh-

amb’ F∂pIqSn I¿Øm-hn\p apºn¬ Iq´n-t®¿°-Ww.

kotdm˛ae-_m¿ k -̀bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv am¿ A±mbn

(X-t±-hq-kv), am¿ amcn (am-dn, amcn-kv) F∂o am¿tØm-Ωm-

injy∑m-cpsS t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂Xpw («ol∑m-cpsS A\m-

s^m-d-) AXn-]p-cm-X-\hp-amb Ip¿_m-\-{Ia{]m¿∞-\Ifm

Wt√m. k¿lmZv PtΩmsbt∏m-se-bp≈ (Sarhad Jammo, EastSyriac Liturgy of the East) \nc-h[n ]fin-X-∑m¿ s]klm-

ip{iq-j-bnse _n¿ImXv lm -̨at m-Wns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-LS\

Xs∂-bmWv A±mbn˛amcn-bpsS Ip¿_m-\{I-a-Ønse IrX

⁄Xm-kvtXm-{X-{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ (eucharistia) {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂-

sX∂p \nco-£n-°p∂psh∂Xv ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kvXm-hy-

am-Wv.

]q¿Δ-]nXm°m∑mcmb A{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw Ck-lm-°n-

s‚bpw bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw \m´n¬ cq]-sa-Sp°pIbpw `mjm-

]-c-ambn, ]m›m-Xy-kp-dn-bm-\n-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ,

hfsc°pd®p-am{Xw bh-\-kzm-[o\w IS-∂p-h-∂n-́ p-≈-Xp-amb,

sl{_m-b-˛-A-c-am-b-˛-kp-dn-bm\n]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p-

Ibpw blq-Z-cn¬\n∂p hnizm-k-Øn-te°p h∂ ss{IkvX-h-

k-aq-l-Øn¬ (F-tZkmbnepw skeq-jy-˛-sÃ-kn-t^m-Wnepw,

AXm-b-Xv, A{_m-lm-ans‚ P∑-ÿe-amb Im¬Un-bm-bn¬

(t]¿jym-bn¬) ˛ C∂sØ Cdm-°n¬) hf¿∂p hnI-knXam-

hp-IbpwsNbvX Bcm-[-\-{I-a-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ]uc-kvXy-kpdn-

bm\n°p¿_m-\-bn¬ \Ωƒ ‘A{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw Ck-lm-

°n-s‚bpw bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw ssZhta, Bcm-[y-\mb

cmPmth, Aß-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn-te-°v’ F∂v ChnsS {]m¿∞n-

°p-∂Xp kzm`m-hn-IamWv, XnI®pw A¿∞-K¿`hpw.

1.15. CXv A\p-jvTn-°pI

‘tXmtØm t]mbn-tbtØ’ (τουτο ποιετε) F∂o

{Ko°phm°p-I-fm-Wp ""CXv A\p-jvTn-°pI'' F∂-Xn\p

55

ss__n-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp I¿Ωw Bh¿Øn®v

BN-cn-°-W-sa∂p ]d-bm≥ ss__n-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

{]tbmK-amWnXv (]p-d-∏mSv 29:35; kwJy 15:11-̨ 23; \nbamh¿Ø\w

25:9). Xm≥ Bh-iy-s∏´ Znhyip{iqj Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ

Bh¿Øn®v A\p-jvTn-°-W-sa∂v Cutim B{K-ln-°p∂p

sh∂v Cu Iev]\ hy‡-am-°p∂p. I¿Ømhp XmXv]-cy-s∏´-

Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂, BZn-ass{IkvXh-k-aqlw A\p-Zn\w Cu

Znhy-ip-{iqj XmXv]cy-]q¿Δw A\p-jvTn-®v Bkz-Zn-°p∂Xp

hnip≤ eq°m tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ p≠t√m (A-∏. {]h. 2:42,46).

C{X-bpw ]d-bp-tºmƒ ChnsS Hcp Imcyw IqSn kqNn-∏n-

t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Ip-∂p. Ip¿_m-\-ÿm]\I¿Ω-ß-fn-eq-


sSbpw hm°p-I-fn-eq-

sSbpw Cutim injy

∑m-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-

Sp-∂Xv Cu I¿Ω-ß

fpw {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw

XpS¿∂v A\p-jvTn-°-

W -sa∂pam {X -a -√ .

CXn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-

∂Xpw CXp-hgn Ahn-

S∂p ssIam-dp-∂-Xp-

amb DZmØZ¿i-\-ßƒ kz¥-am°n Pohn-°-W-sa∂pIqSn-

bmWv. Cu Z¿i-\-ß-fm-Is´, -kvt\-l-w, Imcp-Wyw, sFIy-w,

]¶p-h-bv°¬, tkh\w, hn\-bw, hnizmkw, ka¿∏Ww,

hnip≤n -F∂o ssZhn-I-kp-Ir-X-ßfm¬ ssNX-\y-hØmb

PohnX-ssien-bmWp \Ωn¬\n∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. injy-

∑m-cpsS ]mZ-ßƒ IgpIpIbpw am\h-c£-bv°p-th≠n kzbw

apdn®p\evIp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Znhy-Kpcp- \ap-°n-hnsS DØa

amXr-I-bmWv.

56


57

c≠v

58


59

c≠vv

Hm¿Ω Ip¿_m-\-bn¬

2.1. Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn

Ign™ A-[ym-bØn¬ \mw hni-I-e\w sNbvX Imcyß

fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Hm¿Ω, Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-Ww, kvacW F∂o

hm°p-Iƒ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ

Dt±-in-°p∂ A¿∞-sa-s¥∂p a\- n-em°m≥

Ffp-∏-am-Wv.

ss{IkvX-hm-cm-[-\bnse tI{μ-I¿Ω-ambn

\Ωƒ A\p-jvTn-°W-sa∂p I¿Ømhv B{K-

ln-°p∂- Imcy-ßƒ Ghsb∂p {lkz-ambn

\mw I≠p Ign™p. (Cu hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®p Iq-Sp-X¬ hni-Zo-

I-cWw {KŸ-Im-cs‚ ‘Ip¿_m\ Hcp IpSpw_-kw-Kaw’ F∂

]pkvX-I-Øn¬\n∂p a\- n-em-°mw). F∂m¬, \mw F¥n-\mWv

I¿Ømhp Iev]n®-{]-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xv? ""Fs‚ Hm¿Ωbv

°mbn'' F∂mWv Cutim CXn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-™Xv. Cutim-

sbtbm Ahn-S∂p \ap-°mbn sNbvX c£m-I¿Ω-ß-sftbm

Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ \Ωƒ CXp sNø-W-sa-∂√ Cu Iev]-\-bpsS

{]Xy-£hpw apJyhp-amb A¿∞w. H∂mw A-[ym-bØn¬

{]Xn-]m-Zn® hkvXp-X-I-fn¬\n∂p \ap°v CXp a\- n-embn´p≠v.

60


F∂m¬, ""\nßƒ CXp sNøWw'' F∂ Iev]\-bn¬ \nßƒ

CXv Hm¿Ωn-°-W-sa∂ Imcyhpw ]tcm-£-ambn D≈-S-ßn-bn-

´p-≠v. Imc-Ww, Cutimsbbpw Ahn-S∂p \ap-°p-th≠n

sNbvX Imcy-ß-sfbpw \Ωƒ Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \manXp

sNøn-√t√m? A-Xp-sIm-≠v, \mw Hm¿Ωn-°Wsa∂ A¿∞-

Øn¬ ChnsS Hcp {]tXyI Iev]\ Bh-iy-an-√.

Xs‚ injy-∑m¿ Xm≥ Iev]n-®-{]-Imcw Cu Znhy-I¿Ωw

A\p-jvTn-°p-tºmƒ Xs‚ a\p-jym-h-Xmc-Øn-s‚bpw ]c-ky-

Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ]oUm-\p-`-h-a-c-tWm-∞m-\-c-l-ky-ß

fpsSbpw Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-W-ambpw AXp amdp-sa∂p I¿Øm-

hn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. BZywapXte Cu Ah-t_m[w Xncp-

-̀ bv°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-p.- kotdm-̨ -a-e-_m¿ Ip¿_m-\-bnse Nne

{]m¿∞-\-IƒØs∂ CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. _en-hkvXp-°ƒ

AƒØm-c-bn-te°p {]Z-£n-W-ambn sIm≠p-h∂p Xs‚ Ic-

ß-fn¬ Ah Ipcn-im-Ir-Xn-bn¬ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®p ani-nlmbv°p

ka¿∏n-®p-sIm≠p Im¿Ωn-I≥ (Uo-°≥) C{]-ImcamWp

{]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv:

“\ΩpsS c£-bv°p-th≠n Xs∂Øs∂ _en-b¿∏n-°p-

Ibpw Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-`-h-Øn-s‚bpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw

kwkv°m-c -Øn -s‚bpw D∞m-\ -Øn -s‚bpw Hm¿Ω-

(DlvZm\) B-N-cn-°m≥ Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX aninlm

Xs‚ Ir]-bmepw A\p-{Kl-Ømepw Cu Ip¿_m\

\ΩpsS Icß-fn¬\n∂p kzoI-cn-°p-am-dm-I-s´. BtΩ≥.”ho≠pw, dmk°p¿_m-\-bnse A\p-c-RvP\ip-{iq-jm-

at[y, hn -̀P-\-ip-{iq-j-bv°p-ti-jw, hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ]c-kv]-

cm-\p-c-RvP-\-Øn-\pw- ssZh-Im-cp-Wy-Øn\pwth≠n {]m¿∞n-

°m≥ Hcp-°p∂ ip{iq-jn-bpsS DZvvt_m-[-\w Cßs\bmWv:

“A-hn-SsØ ]oUm-\p-`-hsØ kvacn-°p-Ibpw D∞m-\-

sØ-∏‰n [ym\n-°p-Ibpw sNømw. ... ssZh-Øns‚ {]nb-

]p-{X≥ ... -a-\p-jy-\m-bn. .. kXy-Øns‚ Adn-hn-te°p \sΩ

61

\bn-®p. ]oU-Iƒ kln®p Ipcn -in¬ acn -°p-Ibpw

Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev°p-Ibpw kz¿§-Øn-te°v Fgp-s∂-≈p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu Ir] \mw A\p-kva-cn-°m≥th≠n

Ahn-S∂p hnip≤ cl-ky-ßƒ \ap°p \evIn.”AtX, I¿Øm-hp \evInb Znhy-c-l-ky-ß-fpsS ]cn-I¿Ω-

sØ-°p-dn®v Ahn-SsØ lnX-sa-s¥∂p Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp∂

Xncp ` Xncp-»-co-c-c-‡-ß-fpsS IqZmi ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøptºm

sg√mw Ahn-SsØ a¿Xy-Po-hn-X-sØbpw ]oUm-\p-̀ -h-a-c-tWm-

∞m-\-kw-`-h-ß-sfbpw A\p-kva-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬, k` Cßs\ sNbvXn-cp-∂Xv c£m-I-c-amb

Ncn{X-kw-`-h-ßfpsS Imem-\p-kr-X-amb (chronological) Hcp


Hm¿Ω-]p-Xp-°¬ F∂ \ne-bn-em-bn-cp-∂n√. Hcp

]mj≥ tπbp-sStbm- (Passsion Play) ankv‰dn

tπbpsStbm (Mystery Play), As√¶n¬, Hcp

Ncn-{X-\m-S-I-Øn-s‚tbm Bi-b-a√ Chn-sS-

apJy-am-bp-≈Xv. ImcWw, c£-I≥ Xß-fpsS

IqsS-bp-s≠∂pw c£-mIc{]hr-Øn-bpsS

^ew Ct∏mƒ Xßƒ -A\p-̀ -hn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v

Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p. c£-I≥ Xpd-∂p-X∂ kz¿§sØbpw,

AhnsS ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp- -∂n-[n-bn¬ al-Øz-]q¿Æ-\mbn

hmgp∂ c£Is\bpw Ah¿ hnizm-k-ZrjvSym ImWp-Ibpw

B\-μn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Ip¿_m-\-bn¬.

BI-bm¬, c£m-I-c-amb `qX-Im-eI¿Ω-ß-fpsS shdpw

Hm¿Ω-b-√, ]ns∂tbm, \ap-°mbn Ah sNbvX- Znhy-c£-I

\p-am-bp≈ kwk¿§-amWp Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ kw`-hn-t°≠Xv.

CXp km[y-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬, Ahn-S-∂p-Xs∂-bmWp Znhy-cl-

ky-ß-fpsS AZr-iy-Im¿Ωn-Is\∂p \mw Adn-™n-cn-°Ww.

Bcm-[-\m-k-aq-l-Øn¬ c£-I-s\ hnizm-k-°-Æm¬ \Ωƒ

ImWWw. Ahn-S∂p \ap-°mbn sNbvX c£mI-c-amb -{]h¿

Ø-\-ßƒ -At∏mƒ \ΩpsS Hm¿Ω-bn-te°p IS∂phcpw.

ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬, {]tXy-In-®v, aZv-_-lm-bn¬ {]Xn-cq-]m-fl-I-

62


ambn ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøp∂ Imcy-ßfpw {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Cu

A\p-kva-c-W-Øn\p t{]c-I-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-w. D∞n-Xs‚

Z¿i\w e`n-®-Xp-ap-X¬ injy-∑m¿°v Bcm[\ C{]-Im-c-am-

bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂ Imcyw hy‡-am-Wv.

“Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn CXv A\p-jvTn-°pI” F∂ Iev]-

\-bn¬ ""Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn'' F∂XpsIm≠v "Rm≥ Hm¿Ωn-

°-s∏-Sm≥th≠n' F∂m-Wv A¿∞am°p-∂sX∂pw, ChnsS

Hm¿Ω-bpsS I¿Øm-hp \Ω-f-√, t\sc-a-dn-®v, ssZh-amsW∂pw

ap≥ A[ym-b-Øn¬ \mw I≠t√m. BI-bm¬, Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-

]-\-th-f-bn¬ Cutim A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv CXmWv: "ssZh-]nXm-

hns‚ apºn¬ Fs‚ khn-ti-j-amb Hm¿Ω D≠m-Im≥th≠n

Fs‚ injy-∑m¿ Rm≥ Iev]n®-{]Imcw Cu ip{iq-jm-I¿Ωw

(Ip¿_m\) A¿∏n-°Ww.'

\man-ßs\ sNøp-tºmƒ, a\p-jy-c-£-bv°mbn temI-Øn-

te°v Ab® Xs‚ GI-Pm-X-\mb anin-lmsb ssZh-]nXmhv

khn-ti-j-ambn ‘Hm¿Ωn-°pIbpw’ B ]p{X-\n¬ Ahn-S∂p

\ap-°mbn sNbvX alØmb DS-º-Sn-bpsS ^ew \ap°p

e`n-°pIbpw sNøpw. Imc-Ww, ssZh-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-

∏-d-bp-tºmsg√mw ‘Hm¿Ω’ (As\av-t\-knkv) ̂ e-Zm-b-I-amWv.

Cutim Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-k-a-bØp sNbvXXpw A\p-

jvTn-°m≥ \tΩmSp ]d-™-Xp-amb Imcy-ßƒ Hc¿∞-Øn¬

anin-lmsb kw_-‘n® cl-ky-ß-sf√mw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-h-

bmWv. Ahn-SsØ a\p-jym-h-Xm-cw, a¿Xy-Po-hn-Xw, sFlnI

Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]nXm-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w, ]oUm-\p-`-hw, acWw,

Dbn¿∏v, ]cn-ip-≤m-fl-Zm-\w, \nXy-Po-h≥ XpS-ßn-bp≈ c£m-

I-c-amb Znhy-c-l-ky-ßsf√mw Cu I¿Ω-ß-fnepw {]m¿∞-\-

I-fn-ep-ambn D≈-S-ßn-bn-́ p≠v. Ip¿_m-\-bnse aq∂mw {]Wma-

P-]-Øn¬ \mw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, CXv "c£-bpsS \nXy-

kvam-cIw' BWv. CXp \Ωƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-tºmƒ, Cu c£m-

I-c-{]hrØn apgp-h≥ ssZh-]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ \ap°v

63


A\p-{K-l-I-c-amw-hn[w k∂n-ln-X-am-Ip-∂p. Xs‚ apºn¬

Ct∏mƒ kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX-∂-t]m-se, Ah \ap-°mbn ]nXm-

hns‚ Xncp-apºn¬ khn-ti-j-amw-hn[w kPo-h-am-Ip-∂p. Xs‚

]°¬ \ap-°mbn am[yÿyw hln-°p∂ Cutim-an-in-lmsb

Ahn-S∂p ImWp∂p. BI-bm¬, Ah-\n-eqsS \n¿h-ln-°-s∏´

c£mI¿Ω-ß-fpsS êw \Ωn-te-s°m-gp-Ip-∂p!

Fß-s\-bm-WnXp kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv? Cutim-an-inlm Cu

c£m-{]-hr-Øn-bpsS apgp-h≥ êhpw X∂n¬ kwh-ln-®p-

sIm≠v ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv. CXv ssZh-

]p-{X-\mb Cutim-aninlmbpsS _en-b-kvXn-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw,

AYhm, bmKm-fl-I-amb AkvXn-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw (sarificial ex-istence) _en-bp-sSbpw kz¿§obLámWv. a‰p-hm-°p-I-fn¬ ]d-

™m¬, shfn-]m-Sp-{K-Ÿ-Ønse Znhy-Ip-™m-Sns‚ clky-am-

Wn-hnsS tI{μ-_n-μp; tbml-∂m≥ kz¿§-Ønse knlm-k-\-

Øn¬ ImWp∂ Ip™m-Sns‚ cl-kyw.

“knwlm-k-\-Øns‚bpw \mep-Po-hn-I-fp-sSbpw

CS-bn¬, t{ijvT-∑m-cpsS at[y, Hcp Ip™mSp

sIm√-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse \nev°p-∂Xp Rm≥

I≠p.” (shfn-]mSv 5:6)

64


Chn-sS, "sIm√s∏-´-Xmbn tXm∂p∂' F∂ hnti-jWw

‘c£m-I-c-{]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚, {]tXy-In-®v, Ipcn-inse _en-

bpsS apgp-h≥ ^ew X∂n¬ kwh-ln-°p∂’ F∂ Bib

amWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv. ‘Ip™mSp \nev°p∂p’ F∂p ]d-

bp-∂-Xp-hgn A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv ‘Ip™mSp hmgp∂p’, ‘`cn-

°p∂p’, ‘{]h¿Ø-t\m-∑p-J-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p’ Fs∂m-s°-bmWv.

Znhy-Ip-™m-Smb aninlm temIc£-I-\mb tPXmhpw ]ptcm-

ln-X\pw `c-W-I¿ØmhpamWv. Bcm-[y-\mb Cu Ip™mSp

kz¿§-Øn-em-Wn-∂v. _en-b¿∏WØns‚ Cu kz¿§obL´-

Øn-emWp \mant∏mƒ. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ BtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv Cu

cl-ky-amWv.

ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ anin-lm-bpsS Hm¿Ω, AYhm, A\p-

kva-cWw Df-hm-Ip-∂psh∂p ]dbp∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w Cutim-

an-inlm ssZh-]n-Xm-hns‚ apºn¬ C{]-Imcw \ap-°p-th≠n

\ne-sIm≈p∂psh∂mWv. CXv Ahn-S∂p \n¿h-ln-°p∂ \nXy-

]p-tcm-lnX-ip-{iq-j-bpsS clkywXs∂-bm-Wv. A√m-sX,

ssZhw Xs‚ anin-lmsb ad-∂p-t]m-sb∂pw Ct∏mƒ \mw

Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°ptºmƒ Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p-sh∂pa√ ‘ssZh-

]n-Xmhv Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p-’ F∂p ]d-™m¬ A¿∞am°p-∂Xv.

Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]\ka-bØv Cutim \evIp-

∂Xv Hcp hmKvZm-\-amWv; ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \ap-°m-bp≈

Xs‚ A\p-{K-l-I-c-amb Xncp- m-∂n-[y-sØ-°p-dn®p≈

hmKvZm\w. CsXmcp DS-º-Sn-bm-Wv. Cutim kz¥w c‡-Øn¬

sNbvX ssZhnI DS-º-Sn. Ahn-SsØ hm°p-Iƒ {i≤n°p:

""At\-I¿°p-th≠n Nn¥-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw DS-º-Sn-bp-tS-Xp-amb

Fs‚ c‡w.'' \sΩ ]m]-ß-fn¬\n∂p hntamNn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw

\ap°p ssZhnIPoh≥ \¬Ip-∂-Xp-amb D-S-º-Sn-bm-WnXv. Cu

DS-º-Sn-{]-Imcw, \Ωƒ Cutim Iev]n-®Xpt]mse Pohn®v Ahn-

S∂p Iev]n-®-{]-Imcw Cu IqZmi A\p-jvTn-°pItb th≠q.

Aßs\ sNøp-tºmƒ \ap-°mbn A\p-{Klw h¿jn-®p-

65

sIm≠p aninlmI¿Øm-hns‚ ]ptcm-ln-X-km-∂n[yw ssZh-

]n-Xm-hns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ D≠mhpw!

Ipcn-ip-a-cWw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ alm-Xym-K-k-l-\-I¿Ω-ß-

fneqsS kºm-Zn® D∂-X-tbm-Ky-X-bp-ambn ]nXm-hns‚ apºn¬

\n¬°p-∂Xp a‰m-cp-a-√, ssZh-Øns‚ h’ekpX-\m-b

Cutim-aninlmbm-Wv. anin-lm-bpsS Cu c£m-Ickm∂n[yw

ssZhw \tΩmSp sNbvX ]pXnb DS-º-Snsb kwh-ln-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. F{Xtbsd {]h¿Ø-\-£-ahpw ê-Zm-b-I-hp-amb

Xncp m∂n-[y-am-Wn-Xv! F{Xtbm A[nIw Ir]bpw A\p-{K-

lhpw a\pjy-hwi-Øn-te°p h¿jn-°m≥ ]cn-ip≤\mb Cu

ssZh-kpXs‚ am[yÿyw aXn-bmhpw! Cu hnizm-k-tØmSp

IqsSbmWp \Ωƒ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°≠Xv.


2.2. A\p-{K-l-Zm-b-Iamb Xncp- m-∂n≤yw

\man-Xp-hsc hni-I-e\wsNbvX Imcy-ß-

fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬, "Hm¿Ω' F∂m¬ A\p-

{K-l-Zm-bIkm∂n-[y-sa-∂mWp Ip¿_m-\-bn¬

A¿∞-am-°p-∂-sX∂p hy‡-ambn {Kln-

°pI. \Ωƒ Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xphgn

ssZh-]n-Xm-hns‚ Xncp-apºn¬ Xs‚ Ir]m-

Zm-bIkm∂n[yw kwPm-X-am-Ip--sa∂pw, X∑q-ew, ssZhw kz¥w

GI-Pm-X-\n¬ Ahn-SsØ alm-ImcpWy-Øm¬ \ap-°mbn

sNbvX ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS ̂ e-ßƒ \ap°p \evIp--sa∂pw

Cutim hmKvZm\w sNøp-I-bmWv Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-th-f-bn¬.

2.3. Hm¿Ωbpw DS-ºSnê-ßfpw

Cu Hm¿Ω-bpsS ê-ambn \ap°p \evI-s∏-Sp∂ hnin-

jvS-amb DS-ºSnê-ßƒ Gh-bmWv? Ip¿_m-\-bn¬, aq∂mw

{]Wm-a-P-]-Øn¬, "CXv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn sNøp-hn≥' F∂

Iev]\ D®-cn®p Ign-™m-epS≥ IrX-⁄XmkvtXm{Xw

sNøm≥th≠n ]ptcm-ln-X≥ FÆn-sbÆn ]d-bp-∂Xv Cu

66


^e-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv:

˛ssZhn-I-Po-h-\n¬ ]¶mfnØw

˛A[x-]-Xn-®pt]mb \ap°p kap-≤mcWw

˛arX-cmb \ap°p Poh≥

˛]m]IS-ßfn¬\n∂p \ap°p tamN\w

˛\-ΩpsS \oXo-I-c-Whpw hnip-≤o-I-cWhpw

˛\ΩpsS _p≤n°p {]Im-iw

˛i{Xp-°fpsS-ta¬ hnPbw

˛_e-lo-\-cmb \ΩpsS a\pjy{]Ir-Xnbv°p alØzoIcWw

\μn {]Im-in-∏n-°m-\m-hm-Ø-hn[w A{X hep-XmWv Cu

A\p-{K-l-ßƒ. Chsb√mw \ap°p e`n®p Ign-™n-cn-°p-

∂psh∂m-Wn-hnsS \mw G‰p-]-d-bp-∂-Xv. AtX, ssZhw hmKvZm-

\-ß-fn¬ hniz-kvX-\m-Wv. BI-bm¬, A\p-{K-l-{]m-]vXn°mbn

\mw sNtø-≠Xv hnizm-k-]q¿hw Znhy-c-l-kyßsf kao-]n-

°p-I, Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv.

2.4. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬, \memw {]Wm-a-P-]-Øn¬

\memw {]Wm-a-P]w Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂Xv Hm¿Ω-hm-Iy-ß-tfmSp

(memorial formulae) IqsS-bm-Wv. c≠v Hm¿Ω-Isf ChnsS _‘n-

∏n-°p-∂p≠v. Cutim-bpsS Xncp-»-co-c-c-‡-ß-fpsS Hm¿Ω-

bmWv (kpdn-bm\n]Zw ̨ D-lvZm-\) BZy-tØ-Xv. c≠m-atØXv,

ssZh-am-Xm-hmb I\ym-a-dn-b-Øn-s‚bpw \oXn-am∑mcpw hnip≤-

∑mcp-amb ]nXm-°∑m-cp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω-bm-Wv (ZpIvdm-\).

{]m¿∞\ CXmWv:

""I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-ta, Aßp Rßsf ]Tn-∏n-

®-Xp-t]mse, \n¿Ω-ehpw hnip-≤-hp-amb Cu

AƒØm-c-bn¬ Rßƒ A¿∏n-°p-∂ Aß-bpsS

A`n-jn-‡s‚ ico-cc‡ßfpsS Hm¿Ω-bn¬

(Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-W-Øn¬) ssZh-am-Xm-hmb I\y-Im-

a -dn -b-Øn-s‚bpw Aß-bpsS k∂n-[n -bn¬

kw{]oXn Is≠-Ønb \oXn-am∑mcpw hnip-≤-cp-

67

amb ]nXm-°∑m-cp-sSbpw ]mh\ (kpdn-bm\n ˛

Xm-hm- =- \-√, hnin-jvSamb) kvac-W Aß-bpsS

Ah¿Æ-\o-bhpw kar-≤-hp-amb Ir]-bm¬,

kwPm-X-am-°-Wta.''


F¥mWv Cu {]m¿∞-\-bpsS A¿∞w?

ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp ∂n-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂Xpw Ahn-SsØ

khn-ti-j-amb CS-s]-S-en\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂-Xp-amb km∂n

[ysØbmWv ‘Hm¿Ω’ F∂ hm°p-sIm-≠v Bcm-[-\m-km-l-

N-cy-Øn¬ A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS ssZh-Øns‚ Ah¿Æ-

\obhpw kar-≤-hp-amb Ir]-bm¬ c≠v Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Ahn-S∂v

kwPm-X-am-°-W-sa∂p \mw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. CXn\p Imc-W-

ambn {]m¿∞-\-bpsS Bap-J-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂tXm, Rßƒ

Ahn-SsØ Iev]\{]Imcw anin-lm-bpsS ico-c-c‡-ßƒ

\n¿Ω-e-amb AƒØm-c-bn¬ A¿∏n-°p∂psh∂Xm-Wv. \man-

ßs\ sNøp-tºmƒ Xs‚ ‘Hm¿Ω’ ssZh-]n -Xm-hns‚

Xncp ∂n-[n-bn¬ Df-hm-Ip-sa-∂Xv Cutim-an-inlm \evInb

hmKvZm-\-am-Wt√m.

68


2.4.1. _en-`mj

\man-hnsS {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xp ]nXm-hmb ssZh-tØm-SmWv.

anin-lm-bpsS Xncp-»-co-c-c-‡-ß-fpsS A¿∏-W-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv

C-hnsS ]nXm-hn-t\mSp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]ptcm-ln-X≥ ChnsS D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]Z-ßƒ Ip¿_m-\-ÿm-]-\-ka-bØv Cutim

Acpƒs®-bvX hm°p-Ifpambn _‘-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p. ‘icocw’,‘c‡w’, ‘apdn-°-s∏-Sp∂’, ‘Nn¥-s∏-Sp-∂’ F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv

Ahn-S∂p ]d™Xv. CXp _en-̀ m-j-bmWv (sacrificial language).shdpw _en-b-√, Bcm-[-\-{I-a-Øns‚ `mK-amb _en A¿∏n-

°p-tºmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mj.

Cutim Cu `mj D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv am\-h-]m-]-∏-cn-lm-

cm¿∞w _en A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ bYm¿∞ ssZh-Ip-™mSp

Xm\m-sW∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Dt±-in-®mWv. C\n-ta¬, blq-

Z-cpsS s]k-lm-bn-te-Xp-t]m-se, ]gb Ip™m-Sns\ _en

A¿∏n-t°-≠-Xn-√. B Ip™m-Sns‚ amwkw `£n-t°-≠-Xp-

an-√. blq-Z¿ ]m]∏cn-lm-cØn-cp\m-fn¬ (tbmw I]q¿) _en-

b¿∏n-®n-cp∂ Ip™m-Sns‚ (te-hy¿ 16) A¿∏-Whpw C\nta¬

Bh-iy-an-√. B Ip™m-Sns‚ c‡w Xfn-°epw C\n-ta¬

th≠. Imc-Ww, Ch-sb√mw X∂n-eqsS \ndth-dp-I-bmsW∂v

Cutim ChnsS shfn-s∏SpØp-∂p.

\ap°p ]m]-tam-N-Ihpw Poh-Zm-b-I-hp-ambn `hn-°p∂

Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-̀ -h-sØbpw ac-W-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv

Cutim ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mj. Cßs\ ]d-™m-te,

apI-fn¬ kqNn-∏n® Imcy-ß-sf√mw AXn¬ Dƒs°m≈q.

Cßs\ ]d-bp-tºmgpw ‘icocw’, ‘c‡w’ F∂o hkvXp-°sf

F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ hy‡n-sb-bmWv Ahn-S∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

Fs¥-∂m¬, bYm¿∞ c£-I-\mb Xs∂-Ø-s∂-bmWv

I¿Ømhp \ap°p \evIp-∂Xv.

Ip¿_m\ kzoI-cn-°p∂ Bfn-te°p hcp-∂Xv Hcp hkvXp

F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Hcp hy‡n-bm-Wv. "Fs‚ icocw `£n-°p-

69

Ibpw Fs‚ c‡w ]m\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h≥ F∂nepw

Rm≥ Ah-\nepw hkn-°p∂p' (tbml-∂m≥ 6:56) F∂m-Wv

Cutim ]d-™Xv. A√msX, "Fs‚ icocw Ah-\n¬

hkn°pw' F∂√. BI-bm¬, ‘hy‡n-bn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-

amb Hcp `uXn-I-Zm-\-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-amWv’ ChnsS

I¿Ømhp \ap°p \evIp-∂-sX∂p [cn-°-cp-Xv. ho≠pw, Ahn-

SsØ hm°p-Iƒ {i≤n°q: “Pohn-°p∂ ]nXmhv Fs∂ Ab-

bv°p-Ibpw Rm≥ Ah≥ aqew Pohn°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-

t]mse, Fs∂ `£n-°p-∂-h≥ Rm≥ aqew Pohn°pw”(tbml∂m≥ 6:57).

s_\-Un-Iv‰v 16-̨ mw am¿∏m∏bpsS hm°p-Iƒ ChnsS {it≤-

b-amWv: “hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ kzoI-cn-°pI F∂m¬ hkvXp-


kam-\-amb Hcp Zm\w (i-co-chpw c‡hpw)

`£n°pI F∂√. ChnsS kw`-hn-°p-∂Xp

hy‡n-X-eØnep≈ am‰amWv. AXm-bXv, Hcp

hy‡-nbn-te°p as‰mcp hy‡n IS-∂p-hcp-∂p.

Pohn-°p∂ I¿Ømhp kzbw Xs∂-Øs∂

F\n-°mbn \evIp∂p. F∂n-te°p {]th-in-

°p-∂p. Fs∂ Xs‚ ka£w ka¿∏n-°m≥

£Wn°p-∂p. AXp-aqew «olm-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ kXy-ambn

`hn-°p∂p: ‘C\n-ta¬ Rm\-√, anin-lm-bmWv F∂n¬ Pohn-

°p-∂Xv (K-em-Ønb 2:20).” (Im¿Un-\¬ tPmk v̂ dm‰vknwK¿,

‘en‰¿Pn-bpsS ssNX\yw, Hcp Bap-J-]-T\w’, 2005, t]Pv 87˛88).

‘icocw, ‘c‡w’ F∂o hm°p-Iƒ anin-lm-bpsS km∂n-

[y-Øns‚ Znhy-c-l-ky-sØ, c£mI-c-amb bmKm-flIkz`m-

hsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Ip¿_m-\-bn-teXp anin-lm-bpsS

Znhy-cq-]m-fl-I-amb ˛KqVm-fl-I-am-b˛ (mystical) IuZm-inI

km∂n-[y-amWv. IrX-⁄XmkvtXm{XwsNbvX A∏w, ho™v

F∂o {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eqsS ({]-Xn-cq]-ß-fn-eq-sS) \¬I-s∏-Sp∂

km∂n-[y-am-Wn-Xv. I¿Ømhp \ap°p \¬InbXmWv Cu {]Xo-

I-ßƒ. Ch-bneqsS Ahn-S∂p Xs∂-Øs∂ \ap°p shfn-

70


s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw \evIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

apI-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in® ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ BZn-a-k-̀ m-]n-Xm-°-

∑m-cpsS `mjmssien- D-]-tbm-Kn®p am¿∏m∏ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-

t]mse (t]Pv 85), anin-lm-bpsS KqVm-flI (an-Ãn-°¬) icocw

(corpus mysticum) \ap°p \evI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hgn \mw Ahn-

SsØ bYm¿∞ ico-c-ambn (corpus verum) cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp∂p.

Xs‚ Km{Xambn, AY-hm, ssZh-Øns‚ Pohn-°p∂ Be-b-

ambn aninlm \sΩ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CXn\p ImcW

anXmWv: “I¿ØmhpXs∂, Ahn-`m-Py-\mb GI≥Xs∂,

D∞m\w-sNbvX B \mY≥X-s∂, amwk-c-‡-ß-tfmSpw Bfl-

i-co-c-ß-tfmSpw ssZh-Xz-tØmSpw a\p-jy-Xz-tØm-Spw-Iq-sS-

Øs∂ CXn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-°p∂p” (t]Pv 87).

Cu IuZm-inIkm∂n[yw \mw ]cn-I¿Ωw sNøp-∂Xv

ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ aZv_-lmbnse AƒØm-c-ta-em-Wv. F∂m¬,

kz¿§-Øn¬ ]nXr- -∂n-[n-bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Cutim-an-in-

lm-bpsS Xncp- m-∂n-[y-Øns‚ kXyw-X-s∂-bmWv AƒØm-

c-ta-ep-≈-Xv. BI-bm¬, ss__nƒkw-kv°m-c-Øn\pw Bcm-

[-\m-]m-c-º-cy-Øn\pw A\p-kr-X-amb _en-̀ mj D]-tbm-Kn®p

]d-bp-s∂-¶n-epw, kz¿§ob kXy-Iq-Sm-c-Øn¬ \ap-°mbn ip{iq-

j -sNøp∂ anin-lm-sb-bmWp \man-hnsS A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv:

“... kz¿§-Øn¬ alØzØns‚ knwlm-k-\-Øn\p

he-Xp-`m-KØv D]-hn-jvS-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp alm

]ptcm-ln-X≥ \ap-°p-≠v. Ah≥ a\pjy-\n¿Ωn-X-a-

√m-ØXpw I¿Ømhp ÿm]n-®-Xp-amb bYm¿∞

IqSm-c-Øn-sebpw hnip≤ ÿeØnsebpw ip{iq-

j-I-\m-Wv.” (sl{_m-b¿ 8:1˛2)

“... Ct∏mƒ \ap-°p-th≠n ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \nev

°m≥ kz¿§-Øn-te-°p-X-s∂-bmWp aninlm {]th-

in-®-Xv.” (sl{_m-b¿ 9:24)

“Xnc-»o-e-bn-eqsS, AXm-b-Xv, Xs‚ ico-c-Øn-eqsS,

71

Ah≥ \ap°p Poh-\p≈ ]pXp-hgn Xpd∂pX∂n-cn-

°p∂p. ssZh-̀ -h-\-Øns‚ ta¬hn-Nm-c-I-\mbn Hcp

alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥- \ap°p-≠v.” (sl{_m- 10:20˛21)

2.4.2. \n¿Ωe_en-]oTw

Hc¿∞-Øn¬, ChnsS {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ \Ωƒ ]cm-a-¿in-

°p∂ "\n¿Ω-e-hpw hnip-≤hpamb AƒØmc (a-Zv_-lm)'

F∂ {]tbm-Khpw Cutim-aninlmbn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn

ImWm-\mhn√. Imc-Ww, _en-b¿∏-I\mb Cutim-an-in-lm-

Xs∂-bmWv bYm¿∞ ssZhm-e-bhpw aZv_-lmbpw _en-

]oThpw _en-h-kvXp-hpw. ‘kotbm≥ime-bnse ]cn-ip≤amb

A¥-co-£-Øn¬ \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv bYm¿∞ AƒØm-cbpw


]ptcm-ln-X\pw c£-bpsS Imk-bpw A∏hpw

_en-]o-Thpw Ip™mSpw ka¿∏-I\pw ImgvN-

h-kvXp-hpambn’ F∂v …ohmKoX-Øn¬ am¿

Ft{^w hni-Z-am-°p ∂p≠v.

Cutim-bpsS \n¿Ω-e-amb a\p-jy-{]-Ir-

Xn-bmWv ChnsS ssZh-Øn\p hkn-°m≥

tbmKy-amb AƒØm-c-. ]m]-hn-lo-\-amb B a¿Xy-i-co-c-amWp

ssZh-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ X∂n¬Øs∂ tbmKy-X-bp≈- GI_en-h-

kvXp. kztX A\p-tbm-Py-X-bp≈ GI- _-en-ÿ-ehpw -

(aZv_lm) C-Xm-Wv. AXn¬ hkn®p-sIm≠mWv ssZh-]p-{X≥

_en-b¿∏n-®-Xv. Cutimanin-lm-bpsS C{]-Im-c-ap≈ a\p-jy-

XzsØ BI-am\w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv ‘aninlm-bpsS Xncp-

»-co-chpw c‡hpw’ F∂ {]tbm-Kw. CXv ss__nƒ`mj-

bn¬, Ahn-SsØ imco-cn-I-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Poh-s\bpw kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p. Cutim-an-in-lm-bpsS \n¿Ωeamb a\p-jy-{]-Ir-

Xnbpw ss{IkvXhssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ A¿∏-W-Øn-\mbn Hcp-

°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p∂ _en-]o-Thpw ChnsS XmZm-flyw {]m]n-°p∂p.

FSp-Øp-]-d-b-s´, ssZh-Øn\p hkn-°m≥ sIm-≈m-hp∂

AƒØm-cbpw (t{Xm-tWm-kv, knwlm-k-\w) Ahn-S-tØ°p

72


kzoIm-cy-amb _en-b¿∏n-°m≥ A\p-tbm-Py-amb _en-]o-Thpw

Cutim-bpsS \n¿Ω-e-a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bmWv; AXpam-{X-amWv.

‘c‡w’ Pohs‚bpw, ‘icocw’, AY-hm, ‘amwkw’(ss__n-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ {Ko°p]-Z-ßƒ ̨ km¿Ivkv,

tkmam) a¿Xy-(im-co-cn-I)Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-ßfmWv

ss__n-fn¬. Hcmƒ kz¥w ico-chpw (amwkhpw) c‡hpw

\ap°p \evIp-∂p-sh∂p ]d-™m¬ Abmƒ kz¥w Pohn-

Xhpw Poh\pw \ap°p \evIp-∂p-sh-∂m-W¿∞w. Xs‚ Pohn-

Xhpw Poh-\p-amWv Cutim a\p-jy-hwi-Øns‚ c£bv°p

th≠n ]nXm-hns‚ apºn¬ _ensImSpØXv.

\n¿Ω-e-amb a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂psIm≠p Xm≥ \n¿

h-ln® c£m-I-c-{]-hr-Øn-bpsSbpw Bfl-Zm\Øn-s‚bpw apgp-

h≥ tbmKy-Xbpw kwh-ln-°p∂ \n¿Ω-e-amb \h-am-\-hn-I-

X-bp-ambn (new humanity) D∞n-X-\mb Cutim ssZh-]n-Xm-

hns‚ Xncp -∂n-[n-bn¬ \ap-°mbn ]ptcm-ln-X-ip-{iqj

sNøp∂p. kz¥w tbmKy-X-bm¬ C{]-Imcw kz¿§o-b-Iq-Sm-c-

Øn¬ {]th-in-°m\pw a\p-jy\p-th≠n ssZh-]n-Xm-hns‚

]°¬ ip{iq-j-sN-øm\pw ssZh-]p-{X-\mb anin-lmbv°p

am{Xta Ign-bq. AXp-sIm≠mWv, anin-lm-bn¬, anin-lm-tbm-

Sp-IqsS, anin-lm-bn-eqsS am{Xta ssZh-Øn\p kzoIm-cy-amb

_en A¿∏n-°m-\mhq F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

]≈n-bnse AƒØmc ssZh-km-∂n-[ysØ kqNn-∏n-

°p∂p. AtXm-sSm-∏w, anin-lm-bpsS km∂n-[y-Øn-s‚bpw

{]Xo-I-am-Wn-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬, ssZh-km-∂n-[y-Øns‚ bYm¿∞

Ccn-∏nSw (AƒØm-c) Cutim-an-in-lm-bm-Wv. ssZhsØ

\ap°p ]q¿Æ-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw \evIp-Ibpw, k`m-

]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬, \sΩ ssZhn-Io-I-cn-

°p-Ibpw (divinise) sNøp∂ ÿehpw hy‡nbpw Ahn-S

∂mWv. Xs‚ D∞n-X-i-co-c-Øn¬ aninlm \sΩ Xt∂mSp

tN¿Øv Bt«-jn-°pIbpw Xt∂mSv sFIy-s∏-Sp-Øn cq]m¥-

73

c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ A¤p-X-I-c-amb cl-ky-amWv ]cn-

ip≤ Ip¿_m\. CXphgn Ahn-S∂p \sΩ Xs‚ ico-c-

Øns‚Xs∂ ̀ mK-am-°p∂p (1-tIm-dn-t¥mkv 6:15), Bflm-hn¬

Ahn-S-tØmSv H∂m-°p∂p (1 tImdn-t¥mkv 6: 17). Cßs\,

aninlm \sΩ Xs‚ ac-tWm-∞m-\-ßƒhgn Xm≥ \n¿Ωn®

]pXnb ssZhm-e-bamIp∂ -Xs‚ D∞n-X-i-co-c-Øns‚ (tbml

∂m≥ 3:19,21-˛22) `mK-am-°p-∂p, hnip≤ ssZhm-eb-am-°p-∂p

(1 tImdn-t¥mkv 3:16˛17).

hmkvX-h-Øn¬, \n¿Ω-eaZv_lmbmb Cutim-bpw Bcm-

[-I-cmb \Ωfpw XΩn¬ ]cn-ip≤ Ip¿_m-\-bn-eq-sS AKm-[-

amb sFIy-w kwPm-X-am-Ip-I-bmWv. CXp-hgn \mapw ssZh-

Øn\p kzoIm-cy-amb _en-]o-Thpw Ahn-S-tØ°p {]kmZ-


P\-I-amb Ccn-∏n-Shpw ssZhm-e-b-hp-w B-Ip-I-

bm-Wv. Cßs\, ssZh-]p{X≥ \sΩ Xt∂mSp

KmV-amw-hn[w sFIy-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv.

\ΩpsS lrZ-b-_-en-]oTw k÷-amIp--∂n-s√-

¶n¬ Ip¿_m-\-b¿∏-W-Øn¬ \ΩpsS A¿®\

kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√-t√m. BI-bm¬, \n¿Ω-

ehpw hnip-≤-hp-amb AƒØm-c-I-fm°n am‰m≥ \mw ssZh-

]p-{X\p \sΩØs∂ ka¿∏n-°Ww. ‘I¿Øm-hmb ssZhta,

Aßp Rßƒ°p \evInb at\m-hnizm-k-tØmSpIqsS Aß-

bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ Ft∏mgpw \n¿Ω-e-lr-Z-bcpw {]k-∂-h-Z-

\cpw \njv°-f-¶-cp-ambn hym]-cn-°m≥ Rßsf tbmKy-cm-

°-Wta’ F∂p Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ A\p-cRvP-\-ip{iqj Ign-bp-

tºmƒ \mw {]m¿∞n-°p∂p. ss\¿Ω-eyhpw (]-cn-ip-≤nbpw)

\njv°-f-¶X-bp-ap≈hcm-bn-cn-°m-\mWp ssZhw Xs‚ ]p{X-

\n¬ \sΩ krjvSn-®-Xv; aninlm-bn¬ Xs‚ ]cn-ip≤ a°-fm-

bn-cn-°m\mWp \sΩ Ahn-S∂p Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv (F-t -̂kqkv

1:4˛5). \mapw anin-lm-sb-t∏mse ssZh-alØzw IpSn-sIm-≈p∂

AƒØm-c-I-fm-Im≥X-s∂.

74


a\pjy-hw-i-Øn-\mbp≈ ssZhnIkvt\l-]-≤XnbpsS

cl-ky-am-Wn-hnsS \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ A\-¥-kvt\-

l-Øm¬ P∑w-sIm-≈m≥ t]mIp∂ \h-kr-jvSn-bmb a\p

jysc ssZhnIkz`m-h-Øn¬ ]¶p-Im-cm-°m\pw ssZh-km-

∂n[yw Ah-cn¬ \evIm\pw, Aßs\, Ahsc Poh-\p≈

AƒØm-c-Ifm-°m\pwth≠n-bmWv A\m-Zn-bn¬ ssZh]p{X≥

]nXm-hn¬\n∂p kzbw `qhmbXv. ]m]-Øn¬ \n]-Xn® a\p-

jysc ho≠pw ssZh-Xn-cp-ap-ºn¬ kzoIm-cy-cm-°m≥th-≠n-

bmWv Ahn-S∂p a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX-Xpw ]m]-∏-cn-lm-c-I-

amb Xs‚ ac-WØn\ptijw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p kz¿§Øn

te°v BtcmlWw sNbvXp ssZhnIalØzw [cn®p ssZh-

]nXm-hns‚ Xncp ∂n-[n-bn¬ \ap-°mbn alm]ptcm-ln-X-

ip{iqj sNøp-∂Xpw.

kzbw _en-b¿∏n-®-h\pw F∂m¬ D∞n-X\mbn ]nXm-

hns‚ apºn¬ hmgp-∂-h-\p-amb Cu I¿Øm-hp-X-s∂-bmWv

Xncp-»-co-c-c-‡-ß-fmbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏´ _en-h-kvX-p°-fn¬ k∂n-

ln-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ip¿_m-\-kzo-I-c-Ww-hgn \ΩpsS lrZ-

b-ß-fn-te°p Ahn-S∂p {]th-in-°p-∂p. temIm-h-km\w-hsc

\tΩm-Sp-IqsS hkn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cßs\ a\pjyhwi-

Øn\p at[ybp≈ ssZh-km-∂n-[y-Øns‚ AƒØmc -˛]m-h-

\-amb AƒØm-c˛- Bbn aninlm- h¿Øn-°p∂p. Cu anin-

lm-bn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp bmYm¿∞ysØ-b√ ssZhm-

e-b-Ønse AƒØm-c kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Bcm-[-I-cpsS lrZb-

]o-T-ß-ƒ Cu AƒØmcbpambn XmZm-flyX {]m]n-®mWp

kZm \ne-sIm-t≈-≠-Xv. \sΩbpw Xs‚ D∞n-X-i-co-c-tØmSp

tN¿Øp-h-®p- \n¿Ω-e-_-en-]o-Tßfm-°n- cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SpØm≥

aninlmsb\mYs\ \mw A\p-hZn-°-Ww.

X\n°p _en-b¿∏n-°m≥ hcp-∂-h-cpsS lrZbw ]hn-{X-

am-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂Xp ssZh-I-ev]-\-bm-Wv. BI-bm¬, Ip¿_m-

\-bn¬ ‘\n¿Ω-ehpw hnip-≤-hp-amb Cu _en-]o-Tw’ F∂

75

{]tbmKw Cutim-an-in-lm-sbbpw ]≈n-bn¬ k÷-am-°-s∏´n-

cn-°p∂ _en-]o-T-sØbpw Bcm-[-I-cpsS lrZ-b-_-en-]o-T-

sØbpw Hcp-t]mse kv]¿in-®p-\n-ev°p-∂p.

‘]nXm-th, Aß-bpsS ]p{Xs‚ Imcp-Wy-Øm¬ ]hn-{X-

am-°-s∏´ Rß-fpsS lrZ-b_en-]oTß-fn¬\n∂v Db-cp∂

A¿®-\-Ifpw ChnsS k-a¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Aß-bpsS A`n-jn-

‡s‚ Xncp-»-co-c-c-‡-_enbpw kzoI-cn-°-Wta’ F∂v Bflm

¿∞-ambn {]m¿∞n°m≥ Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ \ap°p Ign-b-Ww.

2.4.3. c£m-I-c-_en

Cutim-an -inlm A¿∏n® c£m-Icamb _ensb

Xncp»cocc‡-ß-fpsS `mj-bn-emWp Ip¿_m-\-{]m¿∞-\-I-

fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Imc-Ww, Cutim-Xs∂ Cß-s\-bm-

Wn-Xns\ hnti-jn∏n-°p-∂-Xv. _en-b¿∏n® \mYs‚ km∂n-

[y-sØbpw CtX `mj D]-tbm-Kn-®mWp Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ]e-

t∏mgpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, _en-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ

_en-]o-T-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cp-tºmƒ \mw ]mSp∂p:

“anin-lm-I¿Øm-hn≥

Xncp-sa-bv\n-W-hp-anXm

]mh-\-_-en-]otT.

kvt\l-`-b-ß-tfm-S-W-bpI \mw

AJn-e-cp-sam-∂mbv k∂n-[n-bn¬

hm\-h-\n-c-tbmSp tN¿t∂hw ]mSmw

ssZhw ]cn-ip-≤≥, \nXyw ]cn-ip≤≥”Cu `mjm-{]-tbmKw bp‡-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, \ap-°p-

th≠n Hcp Ip™m-Sn-s\-t∏mse kz¥w ico-chpw c‡hpw

Im¬h-cn-bn¬ _en-bmbn A¿∏n-®-h≥ B _en-bpsS ̂ ehpw

i‡nbpw AXn-¬ Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ \n oakvt\lhpw

X∂n¬ kwh-ln-®p-sIm≠p \ap-°mbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p-sh∂pw

\sΩ kao-]n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw \ap-°mbn kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p-sh∂pw ]d-bm≥ G-‰hpw DNn-X-amb `mj-bm-WnXv.


76


Xm≥ kzoI-cn® a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬\n-∂p-sIm≠v a\p-

jy¿°mbn Cutim-an-inlm kza-\km \n¿h-ln-®-XmWv Cu

_en. Cu _en-bmWp anin-lm-bn¬ C\n-ta¬ Ft∂-°p-ambn

a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\p c£m-I-c-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. \mw ssZh-

k-∂n-[n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw C\n-ta¬ ka¿∏n-t°-≠Xpw

anin-lm-bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Cu Znhy-_-en-bm-Wv, Cu GI-

_-en-bmWv. CXn\p ]Icwhbv°m≥ as‰mcp _en-bn-√. C\n-

ta¬ D≠m-hp-I-bp-an-√. I¿Ømhp Iev]n-®-{]-Imcw \manXp

IuZm-in-I-ambn ({]-Xo-I-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqsS) \n¿Δ

ln-°p-I-bm-Wn-∂v. I¿Øm-hns‚ ]p\cm-K-a-\w-hsc \manXp

XpS-tc-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Ønse A¿®-\-Ifpw

_en-Ifpw Cu _en-tbmSp tN¿Øp-h-bv°p-tºm-gmWv Ah

]hn-{Xo-Ir-Xhpw ssZh-Øn\p kzoIm-cy-hp-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

"]{¥≠v A∏-kvtXm-e-∑mcpsS {]t_m-[-\-ßƒ' Ip¿_m-

\sb "_en' (Xqkn-b) F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xp \man-hnsS

Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p (UnUmt° 14:2). ]q¿Δ-ImesØ _en-I-fn¬

\ns∂√mw hyXy-kvX-ambn ssZh-Øn\p XnI®pw {]km-Z-P-\-

Iamb ]cn-ip≤_en A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p aemJn{]hm-N-I≥

\S-Ønb {]h-N\w (1:10-˛11) Ip¿_m-\-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-

∂p-sh∂p ss«lnI]nXm-°∑m-cmb hnip≤ PÃn≥ ({Sot^m-

bp-am-bp≈ kwhmZw 41:2,3; 117:1˛3), hnip≤ Cc-tW-hqkv

(]mjm-WvU-X-Iƒs°-Xnsc IV, -17,18 ) apX-em-b-h¿ Xncn-®-dn-

™n-cp-∂p.

\ap-°mbn Im¬h-cn-bn¬ kzbw _en-b¿∏n® \m-Y-t\mSp

\mw ]¶p-tNcWw. AXp-t]m-se, Ahn-S∂v A¿∏n® c£mIc

_en-bnepw B Znhy_enbpsS -^-e-Ønepw \Ωƒ `mK-`m-

°m-I-Ww. Cutim-an -in -lm-bn¬ kam-cw -`n® ]pXnb

ssZhmcm[\ kw_-‘n® ssZh-nI\n-baamWn-Xv. Xs‚ ]p{X-

\n-eqsS \ap°p \evInb {]Xo-I-ßfmb (]pfn-∏n-√mØ)

A∏hpw Ie¿Ø-s∏´ ho™pw D]-tbm-Kn-®p IuZm-in-I-ambn

77

Bcm-[-\m-I¿Ωw \n¿h-ln®p \mw Cu `mK-`m-KnXzw t\SW-

sa-∂mWp ssZhw CutimbpsS- A¥y-s]k-lm-bn¬ \tΩmSv

Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂Xv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ ssZh-ln-X-sa-s¥∂p

\ap°p kphy-‡am°p-∂ Znhy-h-N- p-I-fmWv "Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-

bv°mbn CXp sNøp-hn≥' F∂ Iev]\bnep-≈Xv. Znhy-

\mY≥Xs∂ \evInb {]Xo-I-ßfm-I-bm¬ Ch \ap°v G‰w

]hn-{X-am-Wv. Chbv°p ]Icw as‰m-∂n-√-Xm\pw.

2.4.4. {]m¿∞-\-bpsS A¿∞w

‘\n¿Ω-e-amb _en-]o-Tw’, ‘anin-lm-bpsS Xncp»co-chpw

c‡hpw’ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®pw c£m-I-c-_-en-sb-°p-dn®pw

CXp-hsc {]Xn]mZn® hkvXp-XIfpsS shfn-®-Øn¬, \memw

{]Wm-aP]-Øns‚ H∂mw `mKw A¿∞am°p-∂Xv C{]-Imc

amsW∂p \Ωƒ a\- n-em-°p∂p:

I¿Øm-th, Rß-fpsS ]nXm-hmb ssZh-ta,

Aß-bpsS \n¿Ω-e\pw ]cn-ip-≤-\p-amb

A`n-jn-‡-\n¬ \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Xncp-»-co-c-c-‡-_-en,

Aß-p Rßƒ°p \evInb {]t_m-[\w A\p-kcn®v

(A-ß-bpsS {]nb-]p-{X≥ \evInb {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eq-sS)

Rß-fnXm, ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

Aß-bpsS Xncp -∂n-[nbn¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-ip-{iq-j-sN-øp∂

A`n-jn-‡s‚ bmKm-fl-I-amb Xncp- m-∂n[yw,

Aß-bpsS Ah¿Æ-\obhpw kar-≤-hp-amb Ir]-bm¬,

Rßƒ°v A\p-{K-l-I-c-amw-hn[w

Ct∏mƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°-W-ta (kwPm-X-am-°-W-ta).

thsdmcp coXn-bn¬ ]d-™m¬, ssZh-]nXm-hns‚

Xncp ∂n-[n-bn¬ \ap-°mbn bmK-tbm-Ky-X-tbmsS am[yÿyw

hln-°p∂ Znhy-c£-Is‚ km∂n-[y-c-l-ky-amWv \mw Ct∏mƒ

Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ BtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv. B Xncp- m-∂n-[y-sØ

bmWv (Hm¿Ωsb, DlvZm-\) ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ \ap°v

A\p-{KlIc-am-Im≥, Ahn-S∂p \evInb IuZm-inII¿Ω-ßƒ


78


(shfn-]mSv 14:1˛4)

79

A\p-jvTn-®p-sIm≠,v \man-hnsS hnizm-k-]q¿hw DW¿Øp-∂Xv.

F{X A\p-{K-l-Zm-b-Ihpw c£m-I-c-hp-amWv Cu ssZh-

]p-{X-km-∂n[yw! \ap-°mbn hmZn-°p∂, Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-`h-

tbm-Ky-X-tbmsS \ap-°p-th≠n am[yÿyw hln-°p-∂,

imizX]ptcm-ln-X-\mWp kz¿§-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kXy-

Iq-Sm-c-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂-Xv (sl-{_m-b¿ 8:1˛2; 9:24;10:12). Ahn-

SsØ iq\y-h-Xv°-c-Whpw a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw ]oUm-k-l-

\hpw Ipcn-inse ac-W-hp-sa√mw \ap-°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

"]nXmth, Aß-bpsS Xncp-ap-ºn¬ \nev°p∂ {]nb]p{X-\n¬

Ch-sb√mw ImW-Wta (Hm¿Ωn-°-W-ta)' F∂mWp \man-hnsS

ssZh-tØmSp {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Hm¿Ω-bv°p- apºn¬

]nXmhp \sΩ A\p-{K-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°ptam? ]nXm-hns‚


]°¬\n∂p \ap°p e`n-t°≠ A\p-{K-l-

ß-sf√mw h¿jn-°-s∏-Sm≥ Cu Xncp- m-∂n

[yw [mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw.

F¶nepw, ChnSwsIm≠v Ah-km-\n-∏n-

°msX, {]m¿∞\ Hcp- ]-Sn-IqSn ]ptcm-K-an-

°p∂p.

2.4.5 al-Øzo-Ir-X-cmb hnip-≤m-flm-°ƒ

Cutim-bpsS Hm¿Ω-tbm-sSm∏w ]cn-ip≤ amXm-hn-s‚bpw

\oXn-am∑m-cp-sSbpw hnip-≤-cp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω (Zp-Ivdm-\) IqSn

Xncp- -∂n-[n-bn¬ Df-hm-°-W-sa∂v Cu {]Wm-a-P-]-Ønse

BZy-hm-Iy-Øns‚ c≠mw-`m-KØp ]ptcm-ln-X≥ ssZh]nXm-

hn-t\mSp {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

ChnsS am{X-a-√, CXn-\p-ap-ºv, Znhy-c-l-ky-KoX-Ønepw

ssZh-am-Xm-hn-s‚bpw ssZhsØ -{]m]n® hnip-≤-cp-sSbpw

am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bp-sS-bp-sams° Hm¿Ω hnip≤ _en-]oT

Ønt∑¬ D≠m-Is´sb∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p≠v:

“ssZh-am-Xm-hmb I\yIma-dn-b-Øns‚ kvacW

hnip≤_en-]o-T-Øn-t∑¬ D≠m-Is´”

80


ChnsS \Ωƒ {i≤n°p-I: "\ap°v Ahsc A\pkvacn°mw'

F∂√ Ip¿_m\sSIvÃnse hm°p-Iƒ. (F∂m¬, \n¿`m-Ky-sa∂p

]d-b-s´ "....- I-\ym-a-dn-b-sØ kmZcw Hm¿ØoSmw ]mh-\ao _en-

bn¬', ‘... k¬°¿Ωn-I-sfbpw _en-bnXn¬ Hm¿ØoSmw', F∂n-

ßs\ Ct∏m-gp≈ Km\-Øn¬ sX‰mb ]cn-`mj-bmWp ImWp-∂Xv.

ChnsS c≠p sX‰p-I-fp-≠v. H∂v, Hm¿Ω F∂Xp \ΩpsS {]hrØn-

am{Xam-sW∂p [cn®v Aßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p. X∑qew, Cu

]Z-Øn\p Bcm-[-\m-]-c-amb kml-N-cy-Øn-ep≈ khn-ti-j-amb

A¿∞w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. c≠v, "_en-]o-T-Ønt∑¬

Hm¿Ω D≠m-Is´' F∂-Xn\p ]Icw, ‘_en-bnXn¬ Hm¿ØoSmw'

F∂p ]cn-̀ mjsNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. _en-]oThpw _enbpw H∂-√t√m.)

ChnsS _en-]oTw anin-lm-bpsS I√-d-sb°pdn-®p≈

hnNmcw \Ωn-¬ D-W¿Øp-sa-¶nepw, AXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn CXv

kz¿§o-b-_-en-]o-T-sØbpw (sh-fn-]mSv 6:9) {XnssXzIssZh-

km-∂n-[ysØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu Io¿Ø-\sØ Znhy-

cl-ky-Ko-X-sa∂pw (dm-km-Ko-Xw ̨ Hm-\o-km -Zvdm-tk) _en-]oT-

Ko-X-sa∂pw (Hymn of Altar) hnfn-°p-∂p. Ipcn-in¬ acn®p I√-

d-bn¬ kwkv°-cn-°-s∏-´ Cutimbpw Ahn-StØ°p hniz-

kvX-km-£yw \evIn ac-Ww-h-cn®p kwkv°-cn-°-s∏´ hnip-

≤cpw Cs∂-hn-sS-bm-sW∂ tNmZy-Øn-\p≈ DØ-c-am-bn-́ p-IqSn-

bmWv ChnsS Znhy-c-l-ky-KoXw \ne-sIm≈p-∂Xv. ]cn-ip≤

amXmhv Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ hnip-≤m-flm-°-sf-√mw -Ct∏mƒ

{XnssXzIssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-emsW∂v {]m¿∞-\-IƒØs∂

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:

“Aß-bpsS Bcm-[y-amb {XnXzsØ

Rßƒ kvXpXn-°pw;”“]nXm-hn\pw ]p{X\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\pw kvXpXn;”“_e-hm-\mb I¿Ømhp \tΩm-Sp-IqsS,

\ΩpsS cmPmhp \tΩm-Sp-IqsS,

\ΩpsS ssZhw \tΩm-Sp-Iq-sS,

81

bmt°m-_ns‚ ssZhw \ΩpsS klm-bnbpw.”Cu Znhy-c-l-ky-KoXw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv ‘aninlm-

sbbpw Ahn-SsØ ]nXm-hn-s\bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\bpw

\ap°p {]km-Zn-∏n°mw’ F∂p ]d™p-sIm-≠mWv. AXm-

bXv, hnip-≤cnt∏mƒ km£m¬ ]cn-ip≤ {XnssXzI-ssZ-h-

k-∂n-[n-bnemWv. Ah¿ F-Øn-bn-SØv \mapw FØns∏tS

≠Xn\p F¥mWp \mw sNtø≠sX∂pw ChnsS Km\w kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p--≠v.

k¿Δ-i-‡\pw I¿Ømhpw ]nXm]p{X ]hn{Xmflkzcq-

]n-bpamb Bcm-[y-{Xn-Xz-Øns‚ Xncpapºn-emWp kIe hnip-

≤cpw alna [cn®p \n¬°p-∂Xv. ‘aIpSw NqSnb’, ‘hnPbw

hcn-®’ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnti-jWßfmWn-hnsS c‡-

km£n-Iƒ, \oXn-am∑m¿ F∂n-h¿°p \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.


“ssZh-P-\-sa√mw BtΩ≥, BtΩ≥,

F∂v DZvtLm-jn-°s´. hnPbw hcn®

\oXn-am-∑m-cp-sSbpw aIpSw NqSnb

c‡-km-£n-I-fp-sSbpw kvac-W-tbm-

Sp-IqsS \ΩpsS ]nXm-hmb am¿

tXmΩm-«o-lm-bpsS Hm¿Ω hnip≤

_en-]o-T-Øn-t∑¬ D≠m-I-s´.”Xs‚ a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠p kzbw _en-bmbn

A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw Ct∏mƒ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ al-Øz-]q¿Æ-

\mbn hmgp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZh-]p-{X-\mb anin-lm-tbm-

sSmØv (kz¿§ob _en-]o-T-Ønt∑¬) hnip≤¿ kz¿§-Øn¬

hmgp∂p F∂¿∞w. shfn-]m-Sp-]p-kvXIw Cu hkvXpX hy‡-

ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v (4:4;5:8;6:11;7:13-˛178:3˛4, 14:1˛5, etc. -IqSp-X¬ hy‡-Xbv°p {KŸ-Im-cs‚ ‘shfn-]mSpw Ip¿_m-

\bpw’ F∂ {KŸw ImWp-I).

Cutim-bn-eqsS e`n® Ir]-tbmSpw Ahn-S-tØ°p

km£yta-Inb kpIrX-Po-hn-X-Øn-eqsS B¿÷n® -tbm-KyX-

82


tbmSpw-Iq-sS ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \nev°p∂ Cu hnip-≤m-flm-

°-fpsS al-\o-b-amb kz¿§ob AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ am[y-ÿy

i‡n-bmWp \ap°p klm-b-amIm≥th≠n Ip¿_m-\-bn¬

\man-hnsS tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ (_en-]o-T-Øn-

t∑¬) Chsc°p-dn-®p≈ A\p-kva-c-W Df-hm-Ip∂-Xn-eqsS

\ap°p e`n-°p-∂Xp ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS c£m-IcêwXs∂-

bmWv. Cu ̂ esØ im¥n (im-temw-̨ -«m-a) F∂ H‰ hm°n¬

kw{K-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ Znhy-c-l-ky-Ko-X-

Ønepw (“im¥n e`n-®n-Sp-hm≥ \nßƒ {]m¿∞n-∏n≥”) \memw

{]Wma-P-]-Øns‚ Bcw-̀ -Ønepw bmNn-°p-∂Xv CXn-\p-th≠n-

bm-Wv (“Aß-bpsS im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw Rßƒ°p \evI-

Wta”).Cutim-an-in-lm-tbmSp tN¿Øv Ch-sc-°qSn Hm¿Ωn-°-

Wsa∂mWp ]ptcm-ln-X≥ \memw {]Wm-a-{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ ]nXm-

hn-t\mSv A`y¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-am-WnXp sNtø-≠-Xv. Hm¿Ω

ssZh-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-bm-Wn-hnsSsb√mw. AXp-sIm≠mWv,

""...- Hm¿Ω Aß-bpsS Ah¿W-\o-bhpw kar-≤-hp-amb Ir]-

bm¬ Aßp kwPm-X-am°-Wta'' F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv.

Cu {]m¿∞-\-bpsS ka-bØp \mw ImtW-≠Xv \ap-°mbn

c£m-I-c-{]-hr-Øn-bpsS apgp-h≥ ê-ß-fp-ambn ssZh-]n-Xm-

hns‚ Xncpapºn¬ \nev°p∂ Cutim-an-in-lm-sbbpw Ahn-S-

tØmSv H∂ptN¿∂p \ap-°mbn {]m¿∞n-°p∂ ]cn-ip≤ amXm-

hn-s\bpw kIe hnip-≤-sc-bp-am-Wv.

2.4.6. Hm¿Ω-bpsS êw

‘Hm¿Ω Df-hm-°-Wta’ F∂m-Wt√m \Ωƒ ]nXm-hmb

ssZh-tØmSp {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv. ssZhw hnip-≤sc Hm¿Ωn®m-

ep≈ KpWw F¥mWv?

""[¿Ωn-jvTs\-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω

A\p-{K-l-am-Ip-∂p'' (kp`m-jn-X-ßƒ 10:7);

""\oXn-am≥ ... F-s∂∂pw A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏Spw'' (k¶o. 112:6).

83

Cu hmIy-Øn¬ "A\p-kva-cn-°pI’, AY-hm, ‘Hm¿Ωn-°pI'

F∂ {Inb-bpsS I¿Ømhv ssZh-am-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, ssZhw

\oXn-ams\ Fs∂∂pw A\p-kva-cn-°p-sa-∂m-Wv C-Xns‚-

A¿∞w. ssZh-{]-kmZw A\p-̀ -hn-®p-sIm≠v Ft∏mgpw ssZh-

k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ahcp≠mIpsa∂p kmcw.

ssZhw Xs‚ A`n-jn-‡-\nepw hnip-≤-cnepw A`nam\w

sIm-≈p-∂-h-\m-Wv. ‘A{_m-l-Øn-s‚bpw Ck-lm-°n-s‚bpw

bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw ssZhw’ F∂p tamibv°p kzbw ]cnNb-

s∏-Sp-Øn-b-h-\mWp ssZhw (]p-d-∏mSv 3:15). A{_mlmw ssZh-

Øn\v C{X {]nb-s∏-́ -h-s\-¶n¬, Xs‚ {]nb-]p-{Xs‚ AΩbmbn

Ahn-S∂p Xnc-s™-SpØv A\p-{K-ln® adnbw Ahn-S-tØ°v

F{Xtbsd {]nb-s∏-́ -h-fm-bn-cn-°pw! ]cn-ip≤ amXm-hn-s‚bpw


hnip≤-cp-sSbpw km∂n[yw (Hm¿Ω) ssZh-

Øn\v G‰hpw {]km-Z-P-\-I-amWv.

ssZh-Øn\v G‰hpw {]nb-s∏-´-h-cmb

kz¥w {]nb-]p-{X-s\bpw Ahn-SsØ Xncp-ap-

ºn¬ {]km-Z-P-\-I-amw-hn[w Pohn® ]cn-ip≤

I\y-I-sbbpw hnip-≤-scbpw ssZhw Hm¿Ωn-

°p-tºmƒ, Cu ]pWy-am¿∂ km∂n-[y-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-amb

A\p-{Klw a\p-jy-cp-sS-ta¬ h¿jn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. CXmWv Cu

‘Hm¿ΩIƒ’ (D-lvZm-\, ZpIvdm-\) ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ D≠m-Ip-

∂-Xns‚ k¬^ew.

apI-fn¬ ]d™ Imc-W-ß-fm¬Øs∂ Hm¿Ω-bm-N-cWw

ssZh-P-\-Øn\v F°meØpw hfsc {][m-\s∏´Xm-Wv. c‡-

km-£n-I-fpsS Hm¿Ω-bmWp Xncp ` BZyw BZ-c-]q¿Δw

sIm≠m-Sn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. {InkvX-phn\p km£y-ta-Im≥ [oc-acWw

hcn®hcmWp c‡-km-£n-Iƒ (martyrs). Ah¿ kz¿§-Øn-

se-Øn-bn-cn-°p-s∂∂pw BI-bm¬ Ah¿ tPXm-°fpw A\p-

{K-l-Zm-b-Icpambn `hn-®n-cn-°p-s∂∂pw BZn-a-ss{I-kvX-h¿

hniz-kn-®p. AXm-b-Xv, Hm¿ΩbmN-cWw F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ

84


Ah¿ Dt±-in-°p-∂Xp hnP-bnI-fmbn ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

hmgp∂ c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS A\p-Kr-loXkm∂n-[yhpam-bp≈

kwk¿§amWv.

X\n°p km£yw- \evIp∂Xns\°pdn-®m-bncp-∂t√m

kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-Øn\p apºp I¿Ømhp Xs‚ injy-K-W-

tØmSp ]d-™Xv (A∏. {]h. 1:8 ̨ km£n-I-fm-hpI ̨ martures).ac-W-Øn\p hnt[-b-cmtI≠n-h∂n-s√-¶nepw, hnizm-k-Øn-s‚

t]cn¬ XS-h-d-I-fn¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-́ -h-scbpw k` c‡-km£n-

I-fmbnØs∂ (martyrs) BZyw IW-°m°nbn-cp-∂p. am{Xa√,

C°m-c-W-Øm¬Øs∂ Ahsc Uo°-∑mtcm ]ptcm-ln-Xtcm

Bbn ]cn-KWn®p _lp-am-\n-°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p (Dix,Apostolic Tradition, 18f.). Chsc thZ-km-£n-I-sf∂p k` hnfn-

®p-t]m-∂p.

Uo°-\mb hnip≤ FkvX-∏m-t\m-km-Wp ]pXnb\nb-a-

k`-bnse BZyc‡-km£n. At±-l-Øns‚ ac-WsØ{]Xn

k` henb hnem]w BN-cn-°p-∂Xp \mw ImWp-∂p (A-∏.

{]h. 8:2˛3). F∂m¬, acWm-\-¥c-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®p ‘{]Xym-

i-bn-√m-Ø a‰p-≈-hsc--t∏m-se-b√’ (1 sX -tem-Wn-°¿ 4:13)

Ah¿ hne-]n-®Xv. Ah¿°-dn-bmambn-cp∂p, Cutim-anin-lm-

bn¬ kz¿§w Xpd-∂p-sh-∂v. Xpd∂ kz¿§w I≠p-sIm-≠mWv

FkvX-∏m-t\mkv acn-°p-∂Xv (A∏. {]h. 7:55--̨ 56). acWw kz¿§-

Øn-te-°p≈ P\-\-am-sW∂ shfn-]mSv ChnsSbp≠v. Cu shfn-

]m-Sns‚ shfn®w Xs‚ Ah-t_m-[-Øn¬ I¿Øm-hns‚

Xncp `- F∂pw kq£n®n-cp∂p.

h[n°-s∏´ c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS imco-cmh-in-jvS-ßƒ

]qPy-ambn IcpXpIbpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ah tiJ-cn-®p kwkv

Icn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂-XmWv BZn-ak-̀ -bn¬ \mw ImWp-∂Xv.

A∂sØ tdma≥ cmjv{Sob\nb-a-{]-Imcw c‡-km-£n-Iƒ°p

am\y-amb kwkv°mcw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√m-Xn-cp∂-Xn-\m¬,

-kz¥w Poh≥ A]m-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠mWp hnizm-kn-Iƒ

85

C{]-Imcw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. am{X-a-√, Ah-cpsS Hm¿Ω henb

BZ-c-thmsS BtLm-jn°p-Ibpw {]m¿∞-\m-ip-{iq-j-Iƒ \S-

Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv BZn-a-k-`-bv°p ]Xn-hm-bn-cp∂p. Hcn-

°epw Zp-xJ`mh-tØm-sS-b√ k` Ah-cpsS Hm¿Ω sIm≠mSn-

bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]ns∂tbm, D’m-l`cn-Xamb Xncp-\m-fpIfm-bmWv.

CXp-t]m-se, \Ωfpw Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ‘Hm¿Ω’ BN-cn-°p-

∂Xv ZpxJ`m-h-tØm-sS-b-√. ‘henb kt¥m-j-tØmsS kva-cn-

°p-Ibpw {]Io¿Øn-°p-Ibpw A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p’,‘kt¥m-j-tØmSpw (apJ-{]-km-Z-tØm-Spw) {]Xym-i-tbm-

SpwIqsS IrX-⁄X ka¿∏n-°p∂p’, Fs∂m-s°-bmWp

\memw {]Wm-a-P]-Øn¬ CXn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hnip≤

eq°m-bpsS `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬, ‘Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ B\-


μtØmsSbmWv’(A-Km-√n-bm-skb v ˛A∏.

{]h. 2:46 - overflowing joy) \manXp sNtø-

≠Xv. D∞n-Xs‚ kz¿§m-tcm-lWw Z¿in-®

t∏mƒØs∂ injy-∑mcn¬ Df-hm-b-XmWv

Bflo-b-amb Cu AXym-\-μ-`mhw (eq°m

24:52).

c‡-km-£n-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®pw Hm¿Ω-bm-N-c-W-sØ-°p-

dn®pw BZn-a-k-̀ -bn¬\n∂p e`n-°p∂ hni-Zhpw G‰hpw lrZ-

b-lm-cn-bp-amb h¿Æ\ hnip≤ t]mfn-°m¿∏n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈-

Xm-Wv. Gjym-ssa-\-dnse sa{Xm-\m-bn-cp∂ t]mfn-°m¿∏ns\

G.Un. 155/156 s^{_p-hcn 23 ˛\mWp tdma≥ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ

Poh-t\msS A·n-°n-c-bm°n-bXv. At±-l-Øns‚ Ah-ti-jn®

Aÿ-n°-j-W-ßƒ Xßƒ Aaq-ey-ß-fmb cXv\-ßƒt∏mse

IcpXn tiJ-cn®psh∂pw Ah kpc-£n-X-ÿ-eØp kwkvI-

cn-®psh∂pw kao-]k-`m-k-aq-l-ß-fn-te°v AhnSsØ

{InkvXy-m\n-IƒØs∂ Fgp-Xn-b- ‘t]mf-n-°m¿∏ns‚ c‡-

km£nXz-hnh-c-W-Øn¬’ \mw hmbn-°p∂p. AXn¬ C{]-Imcw

\mw ImWp∂p: “(Bflo-b) bp≤w-sNbvX-hcpsS kvacW

86


bv°pw bp≤w sNøm-\p-≈-h-cpsS ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\pw Hcp-°-

Øn-\p-ambn ChnsS (hnip-≤s‚ kwkv°m-c-ÿ-e-Øv) BÀm-

Z-tØmSpw kt¥m-j-tØmSpwIqsS Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sm\pw At±-

l-Øns‚ c‡-km£n-Xz-Øns‚ P∑-Zn\w BtLm-jn°m\pw

I¿Ømhp Rßsf A\p-h-Zn°pw.”C{]-Imcw c‡-km-£n-I-fmb hnip-≤-cpsS Hm¿Ω -BN

cn°p∂Xp km¿Δ{Xn-I-k-̀ -bpsS ]mc-º-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. knknen-

b≥ c‡-km-£n-I-fp-sSbpw (G.Un 180), s]¿s∏-Xzm, s^en-

kn-‰mkv F∂n-h-cp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω-bm-NcWw (G.-Un. 202) hSt°

B{^n°-bnepw, c‡-km-£n-I-fmb am¿∏m-∏-am-cmb Ien-

kvXkv, t]m¨jy-\q-kv, ^m_n-b≥, ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb (pres-byter) lnt∏m-fn-‰kv F∂n-h-cp-sS -c‡km-£n-Xz-Øns‚ hm¿

jnIZn\ Hm¿ΩbmN-cWw tdmanepw G.Un. 220-˛250 Ime-b-f-

hp-I-fn¬ \mw ImWp∂p. ]t{Xm-kns‚bpw ]utem-kns‚bpw

Xncp-\mfpIƒ Pq¨ 29˛\mWv BtLm-jn®ncp-∂Xv.

Chn-sS-sb√mw \Ωƒ hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-t°≠

hkvXpX C-XmWv: Ign-™p-t]mb ZpxJ-I-c-amb kw`-h-

ßsf°p-dn-®p≈ k¶SIc-amb Hm¿Ω F∂ \ne-bn-e-√ BZna-

k` hnip-≤-cpsS Hm¿ΩZn\ß-sf kao-]n-®n-cp∂Xv. ]ns∂tbm,

BÀmZ-]q¿Æ-amb Xncp-\mfpI-fm-bn´m-Wv. Ah-cpsS kt¥m-

j-Øn\p ImcWw C{]-Imcw [oc-a-cWw hcn-®-h¿ AXp-hgn

kz¿§-Øn-te°p P\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Ah¿°p-≠mbn

cp∂ Ah-t_m-[-am-Wv. hnPbw hcn®hcmbpw kz¿§ØnseØn

alØzw [cn-®-h-cmbpw c‡-km-£n-Isf {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

I≠p. sl{_m-b-te-J-\-Ønepw shfn-]m-Sp-{K-Ÿ-Ønepw Cu

Z¿i\ap≠v (sl{_m-b¿ 12:23 ˛- ‘]cn-]q¿Æ-cm-°-s∏´ \oXn-

am-∑m-cpsS Bflm-°-fpsS ASp-°-te°pw’; shfn-]mSv 6:11 -˛-

‘sh≈-hkv{Xw \evI-s∏´p’; 7:9˛10 ̨ kz¿§-{]m-]vX-cmb henb

P\-°q´w; 7:14˛15- ˛henb sRcp-°-Øn¬\n∂p kz¿§-Øn-¬

FØn-b-h¿).

87


ac-W-tØmSpIqsS Xm≥ anin-lm-tbmSp tNcp-I-bmsW∂

Dd® hnizm-k-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wp ]utemkv «olm ac-WsØ

t\´-ambn v ImWp-∂Xv (^n-en-∏n-b¿ 1;21˛22). kz¿§o-b-am-bXp

[cn-°m-\p≈ hgn-Øm-c-bm-Wv At±-l-Øn\p ac-Ww (2 tImdn-

t¥mkv 5:1˛8). ]utem-kns‚ ac-W-tijw, tdmanse hnip≤

s¢sa‚ v tImdn-t¥m-kp-Im¿°v (G.-Un. 80) Cßs\ FgpXn:

‘‘`c-Wm-[n-I-mcn-I-fpsS apºmsI Xs‚ km£yw (testimony)\evIn-b-tijw ]utemkv Cu temI-Øn¬-\n∂p t]mbn.

hnip≤ ÿe-tØ°v FSp-°-s∏-´p” (tIm-dn. 5:2). CtX teJ-

\-Øn¬ At±lw ]t{Xm-kn-s\-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv

C{]-Im-c-amWv: “]t{Xmkv F{X-b-[nIw IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ kln®p.

Xs‚ km£yw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb At±lw X\n°v A¿l-

amb al-Øz-Øns‚ ÿe-tØ°p t]mbn”(5:1,4).

hnip-≤¿ \√ Hm´w HmSn hnPbw hcn®p.

Ah¿ kz¿§-Øn-seØn aIpSw NqSn -bn -

cn°p∂p. Cu Ah-t_m-[-amWp henb ]oU-

\-ßƒ°p at[yt]mepw hnizm-k-Po-hnXw \bn-

°m\pw Cutimaninlmbv°p kss[cyw km£y-ta-Im\pw

BZn-ass{IkvX-h¿°p i‡n -\-evInb-Xv. CtX hnizm-k-amWp

c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS Hm¿Ω-bm-N-cn-°m≥ Ahsc t{]cn-∏n-®-Xpw.

acWw hcn® [oc-c-‡-km-£n-I-sfbpw \oXn-am-∑m-scbpw

Ah¿ I≠Xv Ft∂-°p-ambn Ah-cn¬\n∂p th¿]n-cn-™p-

t]m-b-hsc∂ \ne-bn-e√. ]ns∂tbm, alna [cn®p anin-lm-

tbm-sSmØp kz¿§-Øn¬ hmgp-∂-h-cm-bm-Wv. BI-bm¬,

ChnsS Hm¿Ω-bm-N-cWw F∂m¬ shdpw ̀ uXn-I-Im-cy-ß-fnse-

t∏mse, \ΩpsS Hm¿Ω-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-c¬ F∂X√. t\tc

adn®v, ssZhn-I-Poh-kar≤n-bn-te°p {]th-in® acn®h-cpsS

al-\obamb km∂n-[yhpw ̂ e-Zm-b-I-amb am[y-ÿyhpw A\p-

`hn-°p-I- F-∂-XmWv.

88


ssZh-Øn\v G‰hpw {]nb-s∏-´-h-cmb Cu hnip-≤-¿ anin-

lm-tbm-Sp-tN¿∂p ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \nev°p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw

{]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw ê-ambn \ap°p e`n-°p∂ A\p-

{Klsa¥mWv? shfn-]m-Sp-]p-kvX-I-`m-j-bn¬ tNmZn-®m¬,

‘hnip-≤-cpsS {]m¿∞-\-I-fm-Ip∂ kpK-‘-{Z-hy-ßƒ’ (shfn-

]mSv 5:8; 8:3˛-4) ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v Db-cp-tºmƒ Dfhm-

Ip∂ A\p-{K-l-I-c-amb ê-sa¥mWv?

Cu A\p-{K-lIc-amb ê-sØ-bmWv ""Aß-bpsS

im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw (ssi-\m, «mam ̨ kzÿ-Xbpw kam-

[m-\-hpw) Rßƒ°p Xc-Wta'' F∂p Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ \memw

{]Wm-a-P-]-Øn¬ kw{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. ‘Hm¿Ω’IfpsS ̂ e

ßƒ ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-^-e-ßƒX-s∂-bm-sW∂pw Ah Gh

sb∂pw ap≥]p \mw FÆn-sbÆn ]d-s™-¶n-epw (2.3), ]pXnb

DS-º-Sn-bpsS ̂ esØ imtemw («mam ̨ im¥n) GI hm°n¬

kw{K-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, im¥nbpw kzÿ-Xbp-am-

Ip∂ Cu A\p-{KlsØ \Ωn¬ kwPm-X-am-Ip∂ Hc-hÿ

F∂ \ne-bn¬ am{X-a√ ChnsS \Ωƒ a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv.

{]Xyp-X, Hcmƒ \Ωn¬ hkn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ê-ambm-Wv. B

Bƒ anin-lm-bpsS Acq-]n-bm-Wv, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hm-Wv.

a‰p-hm-°p-I-fn¬ ]d-™m¬, ssZh]n-Xm-hns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬

hmgp∂ anin-lm-bp-sSbpw c£-I-\mb Ahn-S-tØmSp ]c-a-

amb sFIyØn¬ kz¿§-Øn¬ hkn-°p∂ ]cn-ip≤ amXmhv

Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ kIe hnip-≤-cp-sSbpw am[y-ÿym-flIkm∂n-

[y-Øns‚ (ChnsS Ip¿_m-\-bnse {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-

®n-cn-°p∂ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬, ‘anin-lm-bpsS Xncp-»-cn-c-

c‡-ß-fp-sSbpw ]cn-ip≤ amXm-hn-s‚bpw \oXn-am-∑mcpw hnip-

≤-cp-amb ]nXm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω’IfpsS) ê-ambn

\ap°p e`n-°p∂ G‰hpw henb A\p-{Kl-amWv ]cn-ip-≤m-

flê-amb im¥nbpw kzÿ-Xbpw. \memw {]Wm-a-P]Øns‚

Bcw-`-`m-KØp ]ptcm-ln-X≥ Cu ê-Øn-\mbmWp bmNn-

89


°p-∂sX∂p \mw I≠p. P]w ]mc-ay-Øn-se-Øp-∂tXm, ]cn-

ip-≤m-cq]n-bpsS khn-ti-j-amb Bhm-kØn\p-th≠n-

{]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠m-Wv.

I¿Øm-hns‚ Acq-]n-Xs∂-bm-Wp Xncp `-bpsSbpw

Acq-]n-. Cu ]mh\mcq-]n-bpsS Bhm-k-Øn-\mbn \man-hnsS

{]m¿∞n-t°≠Xv anin-lm-bpsS auXn-I-i-co-cØns‚ ̀ mK-sa∂

\ne-bn¬ ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Hcp-an-®p-IqSns°m≠pw \ΩpsS

c£-I\pw I¿Øm-hp-amb Cutim-an-in-lm-bpsS cl-kysØ

˛ ]oUm-\p-̀ -h-acWkwkvImtcm∞m-\--cl-kysØ ̨ A\p-kva-

cn®v A\p-jvTn®psIm≠pw kvXpXn®psIm-≠p-amsW∂v Cu

{]m¿∞\ Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p∂p:

“I¿Øm-th, Ffn -b -hcpw _e-lo -\cpw

t¢inX-cp-amb Cu Zmkcpw .... AßbpsS

\ma-Øn¬ Hcpan®p-IqSn Ct∏mƒ Xncp -∂n-

[n-bn¬ \nev °p∂p. Rß-fp-sS \mY\pw c£-

I-\p-amb Cutim-an-in-lm-bp-sS- ]oUm-\p-`-h-

Øn -s‚bpw ac -W-Øns‚bpw D∞m\-

Øns‚bpw al-\o-bhpw `b-`-‡n-P-\-Ihpw

]cn-ip≤hpw Poh-Zm-b-Ihpw ssZhn-I-hp-amb Cu cl-kysØ

kt¥m-j-tØmsS Rßƒ kvacn-°p-Ibpw kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw

A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.”hmkvX-h-Øn¬, ChnsS ‘ -c-l-kyw’ F∂ hm°p-sIm≠p

hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv I¿Ømhp ]Tn-∏n-®-{]-Imcw \mw A\p-jvTn-

°p∂ IuZm-inII¿Ω-ßƒhgn \ap°p kzbw k∂n-ln-X-

\m-°p-Ibpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ anin-lm-I¿Øm-

hns‚ km∂n-[ysa∂ c-l-ky-sØ-bmWv; \ap-°mbn ]oU-

Iƒ kln®p acn®p kwkvI-cn-°-s∏SpIbpw Dbn¿sØgp-

t∂‰p ssZh-]n-Xm-hns‚ ASp-°¬ hmgp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Znhy-

c£Is‚ Xncp m∂n-[y-sØ-Ø-s∂. Cu km∂n-[y-sØ-

bmWv, ssZh]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ \ap-°p-th≠n A\p-

90


{Kl-Zm-b-I-amb alm]ptcm-lnX-ip-{iqjsNøp∂ aninlm

sbbmWv Cu {]Wma-P-]Øns‚ B-cw-`-Øn¬ ‘Hm¿Ω’F∂Xp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv. Cu Znhykm∂n-[y-sØ

°pdn-®p≈ {]Xn-cq-]m-flI-hn-ti-j-WßfmWp IuZm-in-Im-\p-

jvTm-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn\p -tN¿∂-hn[w ]ptcm-ln-X≥

ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn°p-∂Xv.

al-Øzo-Ir-X-\mb anin-lm-bpsS km∂n-[y-hp-ambn _‘-

s∏-SpØn Nn¥n-°p-tºm-gmWv ChnsS ‘c-l-ky’Øn\p \evIn-

bn-cn-°p∂ ‘al-\o-bw, ̀ b-̀ -‡n-P-\-Iw, ]cn-ip-≤w, Poh-Zm-bIw,

ssZhnIw’ F∂o hnti-j-W-ßfpsS {]k-‡n IqSp-X¬ hy‡-

amIp-∂-Xv. en‰¿Pn-bpsS tI{μ-_nμp GsX-¶nepw hkvXpthm

kw -̀htam A√, {]Xyp-X, I¿Øm-hmb Cutim-an-in-lm-sb∂

hy‡n-bm-sW∂ s]mXp-XØzw Chn-sSbpw {]k-‡-am-Wv.

‘Rß-fpsS I¿Ømhpw c£-I\p-amb Cutim-an-in-lm-

bpsS’ F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv ChnsS ]ptcm-ln-X≥ Znhy-

c-l-ky-ßsf°pdn®p hnh-cn-®pXp-Sßp-∂-sX-∂ Imcyhpw \mw

{i≤n-°Ww. c£mIc-amb I¿Ørkm-∂n-[yØns‚ -c-lky

ßfmWn-hnsS \ΩpsS [ym\-hn-j-b-am-Ip-∂-Xv. CXn\p apºp≈

hmIyhpw Xncp m∂n-[y-sØ-°p-dn-®mWp ]d-bp-∂Xv: “Cu

Zmkcpw ... Aß-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ Hcp-an-®p-IqSn Ct∏mƒ Xncp-

-∂n-[n-bn¬ \nev°p∂p.” ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw I¿Øm-hmb anin-

lm-bp-sSbpw Xncp- -∂n-[n-bn-emWp \man-t∏mƒ \nev°p-∂-Xv.

Cu {]m¿∞-\-bn¬Øs∂ CXn\papºv G‰p]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse,

ssZhsØ- {]m-]n-®-hcpw hnip-≤nbpw ss\¿Ω-eyhpw- D-≈-h-

cmbn km¿Δ-{Xn-I-k-̀ -bn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb F√m-h-tcmSpw

(‘]-cn-ip≤ ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS k¥m-\-ßtfmSv’) a\km

sFIy-s∏-́ mWp \man-hnsS \nev°p-∂-Xv. anin-lm-bpsS auXnI-

i-co-cw (mystical body) -F∂ kXyw \man-hnsS A\p-`-hn-°p-

Ibpw BtLm-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-Wv. ̀ qan-bnse k`bpw

kz¿§-Ønse k`bpw Ip¿_m-\-bnenhnsS k‘n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

91

Cu hnip-≤-kwK-a-Øns‚ tI{μw Hcp hy‡n-bm-Wv, c£-I-

\mb aninlm. Cu Znhyc£-Is‚ km∂n-[y-sØbmWv ‘Aß-

bpsS A`n-jn-‡s‚ ico-c-c‡-ß-fpsS Hm¿Ω’ F∂v Cu

P]-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂Xv.

Cßs\ Xncp-\m-a-Øn¬ Hcp-an-®p-IqSnbncn-°p∂ \mw Cu

A\p-kva-c-Whpw ([ym-\-hpw) A\p-jvTm-\hpw kvXpXnbpw

henb ‘kt¥m-j-tØmsS’ sNøp-∂p-sh∂p {]m¿∞-\-bn¬

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂sX¥p-sIm-≠mWv? D∞n-Xs‚ apºn-emWp

\ΩfnhnsS \nev°p-∂Xv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv. D∞n-X-a-ln-a-tbm-

Sp-IqsS ]nXm-hns‚ ]°¬ Bbn-cn-°p∂ I¿Øm-hns\ ImWp-

∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. Cu Xncp m∂n-[ysØ [ym\n-®p-sIm-≠v,


ssZh]nXm-hn-s‚bpw Ahn-SsØ GI-PmX

\mb aninlmI¿Øm-hns‚bpw GIm-cq-]n-

bmb ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Bhm-k-Øn\p \man-

hnsS XpS¿∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

ChnsS ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ (Bflm-hn¬

B\-μw Xpfp-ºp∂hn[-ap≈ A\p-kva-c-Whpw

A\p-jvTm-\hpw kvXpXn∏pw) BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fpsS `mK-

ambn \ntXy\ Dcp-hnSp∂ shdpw hm°p-Ifmbn A-h-km-\n-

°mXncn-°m≥ \mw {i≤n-°Ww. \ap-°p-th≠n ITn-\]oUIƒ

kln®p- a-cn®v Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p kz¿§m-tcm-lWw sNbvX

c£-I-\mb I¿Øm-hns‚ Xncp-apºnemWp \mw \nev°p-∂-

sX∂pw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Bhm-k-Øn-\m-bmWp ]ptcm-

ln-X≥ XpS¿∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-sX∂pap≈ Ah-t_m-[-

tØmSpIqsS, lrZb-]q¿ΔIamb A\p -kva -c -Whpw

Bflm¿∞-amb kvXpXnbpw Bcm-[-IcpsS D≈n¬\n∂v

Dbtc≠ ]mh\\nan-j-ß-fm-Wnh.. “\nßƒ \n»-_vZ-cmbn \n∂v

BZ-c-]q¿Δw {]m¿∞n-°p-hn≥” F∂p ip{iqjn \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-

∏n-°p-∂Xv C°m-c-W-Øm-emWv.

92


2.5. dmk

C{Xbpw hkvXpXIƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬

\ap°p a\- n-em-bn-´p-≠m-h-Ww, Cutim-an-in-lm-bp-sSbpw

hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw, hninjy, hnip-≤cp-sSbpw AkvXnXz

Øns‚ cl-ky-ßƒ thdn-´√ \n¬°p-∂-sX-∂v. CXv ssZh-

Iev]n-X-amb Hcp AKm[-- kvt\l-_-‘-Øns‚ AXym›-cy-I-

c-amb cl-ky-amWv. Cu kvt\l_‘hpw Iq´m-bvabpw Btam-

Z-I-chpw al-ØahpamWv. Ip¿_m\ Cu ]mh\_‘-Øns‚

BtLm-j-am-Wv.

ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-]p-{X-\mb anin-lm-bp-sSbpw a\p-

jy-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-amIp∂ clkyw, AY-hm, dmk-bmWv

Ip¿_m-\-bnse BtLm-j-hnjbw; ss{IkvX-h-mcm-[-\-bpsS

hnj-bw. AXp-sIm-≠mWp Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ c≠p ]Z-ßƒ

Bh¿Øn®p {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. H∂mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ hy‡-

am-°n-b-Xp-t]mse, ]uckvXykpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ DlvZm-\, ZpIvdm\

F∂nhbmWv Cu hm°p-Iƒ. H∂m-a-tØXp anin-lm-bp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ Znhy-c-l-ky-ß-fp-sS Hm¿Ωsbbpw c≠m-a-tØXp

hnip-≤-cpsS Hm¿Ωsbbpw A¿∞-am-°p∂p.

DlvZm-\, ZpIvdm\ F∂o c≠p ]Z-ß-fp-sSbpw D≈-S-°-

ßsf bYm-{Iaw {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂Xn\p ]cym-]vX-amb hm°p-

Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øntem Cw•o-jntem C√ F∂-XmWp {]iv\w.

ChnsS A¿∞-am-°p∂ ImcysØ {]I-S-am-°m≥ commemo-ration, memorial F∂o ]Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWv Cw•o-

jn¬ sNøp-∂Xv. ]cm-a¿in-°s∏Sp∂ Imcyw, A-Y-hm, hy‡n

ssZh-Øn\p apºn¬ \nev°p∂psh∂pw XZ-\p-kr-X-amb ̂ ew

D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh-∂p-ap≈ hkvXp-XbmWp Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ Cu

]Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ A¿∞-am-°p∂Xv.

DlvZm\, ZpIvdm\ F∂o c≠v Hm¿Ω-Ifpw XΩn¬, AXm-

bX,v anin-lm-bp-sSbpw hnip-≤-cp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω-Iƒ XΩn¬

At`Zyambn sFIy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. AsX-ß-s\-bmWv?

93

Fhn-sStbm ad™pamdn\n¬°p∂ A{]m-]y-\mb Hcp

ssZh-sØ-b√ \mw Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv. ]ns∂-tbm, \ap°v A\p-

`-h-ÿ-\m-Ip∂ ssZhsØbmWv. a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Ombbpw

ssZh-Øn\p kZr-i-\p-am-Wv (D-ev]Øn 2:26). AXm-b-Xv, ssZh-

Ip-Spw-_mw-K-am-bmWp a\pjys\ ssZhw hn`m-h\w sNbvXXv.

Ahn-S∂p \sΩ ImWp∂Xp kz¥w a°-fm-bn-Øs∂bmWv

(1 tbml∂m≥ 3:1; \nb-am-h¿Ø\w 14:1; tbml∂m≥ 1:12;

tdmam 8:16) . Xs‚ GI-Pm-X-\n-emWv Ahn-S∂p \sΩ {kjvSn-

®Xv. BI-bm¬, \Ωƒ ssZh-Øns‚ GI-PmXs‚ ktlm-Z-

ccpamWs{X! (sl{_m-b¿ 2:11-̨ 12). Hcn-°epw Ahn-S∂p \Ωn¬

\n∂v AI∂pamdn-\nev°p-∂n√. amdn-\n-ev°m≥ Ahn-S-tØ°v

Bhn-√. a\p-jy-Ncn{Xw ssZhsØ A\p-̀ hn-®-h-cpsS Ncn{Xw-

Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Xncp- -̀ -bpsS ̨ hnip≤-cpsS ̨ Ncn{Xw ssZhsØ

A\p -̀hn-®-dn-™-h-cpsS Ncn-{X-amWv. ssZh-Øm¬ \bn-°-s∏´

Ncn-{X-am-Wv. BI-bm¬, hnip-≤-cpsS Pohn-X-amIp∂ clkyw

ssZh-Øns‚ Pohn-X-c-l-ky-hp-ambn H∂ptN¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

ssZh-\n-›n-X--amb AKm[_‘-Øns‚ at\m-lccl-ky-am-

WnXv. ssZhnIcl-ky-ß-fpsS Hm¿Ωbpw (D-lvZm-\) hnip-≤-

cpsS, AYhm, Xncp `-bpsS cl-ky-Øns‚ Hm¿Ωbpw

(ZpIvdm\) XΩn¬ Cg-tN¿∂p\n¬°p∂p.

cl-kyw F-∂-Xn\p kpdn-bm-\n-bn-ep≈ ]ZamWv "dmk'.

Ip¿_m-\-bpsS ]q¿Æ-cq-]sØ dmk F∂m-Wt√m hnfn-°p-

∂-Xv. Cu t]cp km¿∞-Iw-X-s∂. Imc-Ww, ssZhhpw hnip-

≤cpw XΩn-ep≈ AKm-[-amb kvt\l-_-‘-Øns‚ clky-

amWv Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ \Ωƒ BtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv.

ssZhw Cu ]c-kv]c_‘sØ hN-\-amb kz]p{X-\n-

emWp k‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hN-\-Ønepw hN-\-Øm-ep-am

Wt√m kI-eXpw krjvSn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xpw \ne-\n-ev°p-

∂-Xpw. Ah-Xmcw sNbvX hN-\-amb Cutim-an-in-lm-bn-eqsS

-bmWp am\-h-]-cn-{Xm-Whpw \nXy-c-£-bpw. hN-\-tØm-Sp≈


94


XmZm-fly-amWp a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øns‚ km£m-Xv°m-cw.

CXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bmWp kz¿§w. Cu ]q¿ÆX {]m]n-®-h-cmWp

hnip-≤¿. hnip-≤-cpsS km∂n-[yhpw (Hm¿Ω-bpw ˛ ZpIvdm\)

\nXy-h-N-\-amb anin-lm-bpsS km∂n[yhpw (Hm¿Ω-bpw ˛

DlvZm\) XΩn¬ C\n-ta¬ th¿s∏´p\nev°p-∂n-s√∂ kXyw

ss__nƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

I¿Øm-hns‚ Xncp- -`bv°v BZywapX¬ Cu kpμc

_‘-Øns‚ clkyw shfn-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Bcm-[-\bv°p hcp-

tºmƒ km£m¬ kz¿§o-b-ko-tbm-\n-te°pw ssZh-Øn-s‚

]°-te°pw c£-I-\mb Znhy-Ip-™m-Sn-s‚bpw c£-nX-cmb

hnip-≤-cp-sSbpw ASp-°-te°pw kwJym-Xo-X-cmb amem-J-

am-cp-sSbpw D√m-k-°q-´-Øn-te-°p-amWp \Ωƒ hcp-∂-sX∂v

sl{_m-b-te-J-I≥ Fgp-Xn-bXv (12:22˛-24) Cu Xncn-®-dn-hp-≈-

Xp-sIm-≠mWv. Cu Iq´mbv-a-bpsS B\-μ-I-c-amb cl-ky-amWp

Xncp- ` Ah-fpsS Bcm-[-\-bn¬ {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXmWp

Ip¿_m-\-bnse Xncp-h-N-\-ip-{iq-j-bnepw AXn\v Hcp-°-amb

{]m¿∞-\m-ip-{iq-j-bn¬ Xncp-\mƒZn\-kva-cW sIm≠m-Sp∂

aZv_-lm-KoX(‘Agn-°m-ens‚ KoX’)Øn-ep-sa√mw {]Im-in-X-

amIp∂Xv. Znhy-c-l-ky-KoXw, AY-hm, dmkm-Ko-X-Ønepw as‰m-

∂√ \mw {]tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv. ‘_e-hm\pw I¿Ømhpw

cmPmhpw bmt°m-_ns‚ klm-b-I-\p-amb ssZhhpw’ kIe

-hn-ip-≤cpw Hcp-an-®p-\n-ev°p-∂-XmWv \ma-hnsS ImWp-∂-Xv.

Cu {KŸw D]-kw-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p ap≥]p tNmZn-°-s´,

C\nbpw Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ‘Hm¿Ω’ -sb∂pw ‘Hm¿Ω-bm-N-cW’ -sa∂pw ‘]mh-\-kva-c-W’ -sb∂pw ]d-bp-tºmƒ \msa¥mWp

a\- n-em-t°≠Xv?

ssZhsØ {]m]n-®n-cp∂ hnip-≤¿ C∂p shdpw Hm¿Ω-I-

f-√. shdpw Hm¿Ω-I-fm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ AXn-se¥p cl-kym-fl-

I-X-bm-Wp-≈-Xv? F¥p al-\o-b-X-bm-Wp-≈-Xv? Pohn-°p∂

ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ Ah¿ \nXy-tX-tPm-kz-cq-]n-I-fmbn hym]-

95

cn-°p-∂psh∂-XmWp \ap°p shfn-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ B\-μ-I-c-

amb kXyw. BI-bm¬, A\p-Kr-lo-X-cmbn ssZh-Xn-cp- -∂n-

[m-\-Øn-¶¬ A£b-a-l-Øz-am¿∂p \nev°p∂ hnip-≤-cpsS

Hm¿Ω F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xp shdpw Hm¿Ω

A√. {]XypX, \ap°v A\p-{K-l-I-c-amwhn[w kz¿§-Øn¬

ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-¬ \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Ah-cpsS km∂n-[y-amWv.

Cu hnip≤-cpsS dmkbpw ssZh-Øns‚ dmkbpw ChnsS

H∂p-tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cutim-an-in-lm-bn-eq-sSbpw Cutim-

an-in-lm-bn-ep-am-Wv CXp kw`-hn-°p∂Xv. CXmWp \memw

{]Wm-a-P-]-hn-Nn-¥-\-Øn¬ \mw I≠-Xv. Ahn-SsØ hN-\-

Ømepw Acq-]n-bmepw Xncp-»-co-c-c‡km∂n-[y-kwk¿§-

Ømepw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´v Db¿Ø-s∏-´-h¿, ac-W-tijw,

ssZh-a-°-fptSXmb F√m aln-a-tbm-Spw-IqsS kz¿§-Øn¬

Ahn-S-tØm-sSmØv ]cssa-Iy-Øn¬ hmgp∂p. \mapw B A\p-

KrloXamb Ah-ÿ-bn-se-Øm≥ Ah¿ \ap°mbn am[y

ÿyw {]m¿∞n-°p∂p. Cu kXyw \sΩ B\-μ-`-cn-X-cm-

°p∂p. bYm¿∞ e£y-Øn-te-°p≈ \ΩpsS {]bm-W-Øn¬

Ah¿ DØaamXr-I-Ifpw D]-Im-cn-Ifp-ambn h¿Øn®psIm≠v

\ap°p ss[cyw ]I-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

D]-kw-lmcw

ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-h-N-\-ambn Ncn-{X-Øn¬ DS-\ofw {]h¿

Ø-\-\n-c-X-\m-bn-cp-∂-h\pw Xs‚ {]Xy-£-sh-fn-]m-Sns‚ kab

-am-b-t∏mƒ a\pjy-{]IrXn kzoI-cn®p \tΩmSpIqsS hkn-®-

h\pw Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-`-h-a-c-tWm-∞m-\-ßƒhgn \sΩ \oXo-

I-cn®p ]hn-{Xo-I-cn®p Xt∂mSv sFIy-s∏-SpØn al-Øzo-I-

cn®-h-\p-amb ssZh]p{X≥ Ct∏mƒ kz¿§-Øn¬ ]nXr- ∂n-

[n-bn¬ \ap-°p-th≠n alm-]p-tcm-lnXip{iqj \n¿Δln®p

sIm≠p \nev°p-∂p. BI-bm¬, Xm≥ ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb c£m-

{]hr-Øn-Ifpw Xs‚ kzbw-Zm-\hpw ssZh-]nXm-hns‚ Xncp

k∂n-[n-bn¬ \ap°v A\p-{K-l-Zm-b-I-amb Hm¿Ωbmbn


96


Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ Adn-thmSpw

Bflo-b-\n-d-thmSpwIqsS

]s¶-Sp-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿

{KŸI¿Øm-hns‚

‘Ip¿_m\ Hcp IpSpw_-kw-Kaw’,‘Ip¿_m-\bpw shfn]mSpw’F∂o- ]pkvXIßƒ hmbn°pI.

(DlvZm\ ̨ As\av-t\-knkv = ̂ -e-Zm-b-Iamb -km-∂n[yambn)

ssZh-]p-{X\n¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. ssZh-]p{Xs‚ Cu A\p-{K

l-Zm-bIkm∂n[yw Ip¿_m-\-bm-N-c-W-th-f-bn¬, Ahn-SsØ

hmKvZm-\-{]-Im-cw-X-s∂, \ap-°p-th≠n \h-ambn kPoh-am-

Ip∂p. CXp \sΩ ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw \Ωn¬ Ir] h¿jn-

°p-Ibpw, Aß-s\, \sΩ Bflo-b-ambn im‡o-Icn°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. CtXm-Sp-IqsS, ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-seØn Znhyc£I-

t\m-sSmØp hmgp∂ hnip-≤-cpsS Hm¿Ωbpw (ZpIvdm\ = \ap

°p-th≠n ssZh-tØmSp am[yÿyw {]m¿∞n-°pIbpw

Aßs\ \ap-°p-ta¬ ssZhw A\p-{Klw h¿jn-°m≥ CS-

bm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnip-≤-cpsS km∂n[yhpw) H∂ptNcp-

tºmƒ F{X al-Ømb A\p-{K-l-Øn-\m-bp≈ am¿§amWp

\ap°p Xpd∂pIn´nbn-cn-°p-∂Xv!

Cu A\p-{K-l-Zmb-I-amb am¿§w Is≠-Øp-∂-h¿ B\μ-

]q¿Δw AXv BtLm-jn-°p-∂p. Cutim-anin-lmbpw hnip

≤cpw H∂mbn\nev°p∂ Cu ]cn-ip≤ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ Ah¿

Bfl\m H∂p-tN-cp-∂p. CXt√ Ip¿_m-\-bm-tLmjw? bYm¿

∞-Øn¬, Ip¿_m\ ssZh-Ip-Spw_almkwKaw Xs∂bmWv!

Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn -Ente Ormay… · 2 Ip¿_m\ Fs‚ Hm¿Ωb-v°mbn {KŸ-Im-cs‚ IrXn-Iƒ 1....

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