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Bio111Estructura Celular

Tamao y Diversidad celular

Tipos de clulasProcariota

Eucariota

BacteriaOrganismos Procariotas

Fig. 4-6, p. 81Plasmamembrane0.5 mPiliStorage granuleFlagellumRibosomeCell wallCapsuleNuclearareaDNA

5Figure 4.6: Structure of a prokaryotic cell. This colorized TEM shows a thin lengthwise slice through an Escherichia coli bacterium. Note the prominent nuclear area containing the genetic material (DNA). E. coli is a normal inhabitant of the human intestine, but under certain conditions some strains can cause infections.

Clula Eucariota

Diagrama declula animal

Clula Eucariota animal

Diagrama deClula vegetal

Clula eucariota vegetal

Fig. 4-7, p. 82RibosomesChloroplastGranumStromaSmooth ERRough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)ChromatinNuclear poresNuclear envelopeNucleolusNucleusRough ERMitochondrionVacuolePlasma membraneCell wallMembranoussacsGolgi complexCristae

11Figure 4.7: Composite diagram of a plant cell.Chloroplasts, a cell wall, and prominent vacuoles are characteristic of plant cells. The TEMs show specific structures or areas of the cell. Some plant cells do not have all the organelles shown here. For example, leaf and stem cells that carry on photosynthesis contain chloroplasts, whereas root cells do not. Many of the organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are characteristic of all eukaryotic cells.

Fig. 4-8, p. 83LysosomeRibosomesRoughERSmooth ERCentriolesMitochondrionRough and smoothendoplastic reticulum (ER)NuclearenvelopeNucleolusNucleusChromatinNuclearporesNuclearenvelopeMembranoussacs ofGolgiGolgi complexPlasmamembraneCristae

12Figure 4.8: Composite diagram of an animal cell. This generalized animal cell is shown in a realistic context surrounded by adjacent cells, which cause it to be slightly compressed. The TEMs show the structure of various organelles. Depending on the cell type, certain organelles may be more or less prominent.

El ncleo

Retculo Endoplsmico

Fig. 4-13, p. 910.5 mGolgi complextransfacecisface

Cuerpo de Golgie

15Figure 4.13: TEM and an interpretive drawing of the Golgi complex.

Cuerpos de Golgi

Fig. 4-14, p. 92transfacePlasmamembraneGlycoproteinRough ERRibosomesPolypeptides synthesizedon ribosomes are insertedinto ER lumen.Sugars are added, forming glycoproteins.Transport vesicles deliver glycoproteins to cis face of Golgi.Glycoproteins modifiedfurther in Golgi.Glycoproteins move to transface where they are packagedin transport vesicles.Glycoproteins transported toplasma membrane (or otherorganelle).Contents of transport vesiclereleased from cell.Golgi complexcisface

17Figure 4.14: Protein transport within the cell. Glycoproteins are transported from ribosomes into the ER. They are then transported to the Golgi complex, where they are modified. This diagram shows the passage of glycoproteins through compartments of the endomembrane system of a mucus-secreting goblet cell that lines the intestine. Mucus consists of a complex mixture of covalently linked proteins and carbohydrates.

Lisosomas(cel. animal)

Fig. 4-16, p. 93

15 mFood vacuoles containing diatoms

19Figure 4.16: LM of food vacuoles. This protist, Chilodonella, has ingested many small, photosynthetic protists called diatoms (dark areas) that have been enclosed in food vacuoles. From the number of diatoms scattered about its cell, one might conclude that Chilodonella has a rather voracious appetite.

Organelos de transformacin de Energa

Mitocondria

Cloroplastidio

Fig. 4-9b, p. 84StarchgrainIntercellular spaceChloroplastsCell wallVacuoleProlamellar bodyPlasmamembraneGolgi complexRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleus

23Figure 4.9: TEM of a plant cell and an interpretive drawing. Most of this cross section of a cell from the leaf of a young bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) is dominated by a vacuole. Prolamellar bodies are membranous regions typically seen in developing chloroplasts.

ElCitoesqueleto

Fig. 4-21, p. 97MicrotubulePlasmamembraneMicrofilamentIntermediatefilament

26Figure 4.21: The cytoskeleton. Eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton consisting of networks of several types of fibers, including microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton contributes to the shape of the cell, anchors organelles, and sometimes rapidly changes shape during cell locomotion. The cytoskeleton of two fibroblast cells is visible in the fluorescent light micrograph (microtubules, yellow; microfilaments, blue; nuclei, green).

Estructurade los cilios

Fig. 4-22b, p. 98

(b) Fluorescent LM showing microtubules in green. Amicrotubule-organizing center (pink dot) is visible besideor over most of the cell nuclei (blue).50 m

29Figure 4.22: Organization of microtubules.

Fig. 4-27b, p. 101

(b) Intermediate filaments are stained green inthis human cell isolated from a tissue culture.100 m

30Figure 4.27: Intermediate filaments.

Matriz extracelular

Fig. 4-28, p. 102PlasmamembraneCollagenFibronectinsIntegrinIntermediatefilamentMicrofilamentsExtracellularmatrixCytosol

32Figure 4.28: The extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectins, glycoproteins of the ECM, bind to integrins and other receptors in the plasma membrane.

ParedEn clulas vegetales

http://zoology.okstate.edu/zoo_lrc/biol1114/tutorials/Flash/Osmosis_Animation.htm

Animaciones de smosishttp://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm#Osmosis