English 4 Students Voc

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    COPYRIGHT

    Todos os direitos reservados. Proibida a reproduo total ou parcial, assim como a utilizao sob qualquerforma, qualquer meio, eletrnico ou mecnico, inclusive fotocpia ou gravao, ou por qualquer sistema dearmazenagem e recuperao de informaes, abrangendo esta proibio o texto, a ilustrao e o projetovisual grfico, ficando o infrator sujeito a processos cveis e criminais de acordo com os artigos 184, e seuspargrafos, do Cdigo Penal e artigos 186 e 927 do Cdigo Civil.

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    UNIT 01

    GRAMMARTO BOARD

    To get onto or allow people to get onto a boat, train or aircraft. At London airport she boarded a plane to Australia.

    TO DECLARE

    To announce clearly, firmly, publicly or officially. She declared that it was the best chocolate cake she had ever tasted.

    TO FLY

    To move through the air, or to travel by aircraft. "How are you travelling to Spain?" "We're flying."

    TO LAND

    To arrive at a place, especially after moving down through the air. You can land a plane on water in an emergency.

    VOCABULARY 1

    TO CHECK IN

    When we CHECK IN at a hotel, we arrive and go through the necessary procedures before we staythere. When we CHECK IN at an airport, we arrive, show our passport, ticket and baggage to an

    official to be checked so that it can be taken aboard and we are given our seat number. Passengers should check in three hours before the flight.

    BOARDING PASS

    It is a card that a passenger must have to be allowed to enter an airplane or a ship. The attendant gave me my boarding pass.

    TO TAKE OFFWhen an airplane TAKES OFF it leaves the ground and fly. Your plane takes off at 8:30. Don't be late!

    FASTEN YOUR SEAT BELT

    When we fasten something we close it or make it firmly fixed. The flight attendant said that you should fasten your seat belt.

    FLIGHT ATTENDANT

    It is the person whose job is to look after the passengers and serve their meals on an airplane. The flight attendants are going to serve the meals at 10:30.

    HAND LUGGAGE

    It is the baggage we carry with us onto the plane, rather than the baggage that is carried in the hold. His hand luggage is on his seat.

    INFORMATION DESK

    At an airport, if you need any information, the INFORMATION DESK is where you obtain it. I need to go to the information desk because I don't know where the right check in for Los Angelesis.

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    VOCABULARY 2

    AISLE

    A long narrow space between rows of seats in an airplane, cinema, church, etc. He wants a seat by the aisle.

    ARRIVAL

    When a person arrives at a place, we can refer to his/her ARRIVAL. The day after his arrival was snowy.

    BAGGAGE

    All the bags we take with us when we travel. We took little baggage to Aspen. Just two bags.

    BOOKSTORE

    A store which sells books. He buys his English books in that bookstore.

    BRIEFCASE

    A case used to carry business papers and documents. That businessman's briefcase is on his desk.

    COUNTER

    A table in a shop, bank, airport, at which people are served. The attendant wasn't behind the counter.

    CUSTOMS

    The place at an airport where people arriving from a foreign country have to declare goods that theybring with them.

    I declared everything at customs.

    DELAY

    If there is a DELAY, something doesn't happen until later than planned or expected. There was a delay in the meeting. It didn't start at two o'clock. It started at four thirty.

    DEPARTURE

    It is the act of going away from somewhere. There are departures for New York every day.

    ENTRANCE

    A door by which we can enter a building or place. There is just one entrance at the front of the building.

    EXIT

    A door through which we leave a building or a place. There are two exits: this one and that one near the counter.

    FLIGHT

    A journey in a plane. My flight to Los Angeles was two hours late.

    GATE

    A structure like a door which is used at the entrance of a field, garden, etc. In an airport it is an exitthrough which the passengers reach their airplane. All passengers for flight 135 please go to gate 13.

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    PASSENGER

    A person who is travelling in a bus, boat or plane but who is not driving it. There were 40 passengers on this flight.

    SEAT

    It is an object where we can sit on.

    Chairs, stools and sofas are different kinds of seats.

    VISA

    An official mark made in a passport that allows us to enter or leave a country. She needed a visa to visit Australia.

    FURTHER

    A FURTHER thing, number of things, or amount of something is an additional thing, number ofthings, or amount of things. I understood everything. I didn't need further information.

    UNIT 02

    GRAMMARTO COST

    If something COSTS a particular amount of money, you can buy, do, or make it for that amount. This course is limited to 12 people and costs $50.

    TO INCLUDE

    To make somebody or something part of a larger group or set. A good British breakfast always includes sausage.

    TO RENT

    If you RENT something, you regularly pay its owner a sum of money in order to be able to use ityourself. She rents a house with three other girls.

    TO SPEND

    When you SPEND money, you pay money for things that you want. Businessmen spend enormous amounts advertising their products.If you SPEND time or energy doing something, you use your time or energy doing it. My sister always spends ages in the bathroom.If you SPEND a period of time in a place, you stay there for a period of time. We spent the night in a hotel.

    VOCABULARY 1

    BUS SERVICE

    It is a service that offers transportation for people; it's a route or regular journey that is part of a

    transport system. We don't need to take a taxi. There is a bus service between the airport and the hotel.

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    CAR RENTAL

    It is a place where people can rent a car. I talked to the attendant at the car rental when I needed to rent a car.

    HOW LONG

    It refers to the amount of time we spend with something or doing something.

    How long did you stay at the airport?

    PER DAYIt means for each day. If something costs $50 PER DAY, we have to pay $50 each day for it. This car costs $43 per day at that car rental.

    UNLIMITED MILEAGE

    If our contract at the car rental includes UNLIMITED MILEAGE there is no charge for the amount ofmiles travelled. My contract included unlimited mileage. I didn't have to pay for the miles travelled.

    TO FILL IN / OUT

    If you FILL IN / OUT a form you write information in the spaces on it. Can you fill in this form, please?

    VOCABULARY 2

    CASH

    Money in the form of coins and notes. I need one thousand dollars in cash.

    CONTRACT

    It is a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people orgroups. Did you read the contract before you signed it?

    DEPOSIT

    It is a sum of money which we pay when we start renting something and which is returned to uswhen we return the thing we have rented. The attendant said that we need to pay a $100 deposit. He will return it to us when we return thecar.

    FORM

    It is a paper with questions on it and spaces marked where we write the answers. It usually asks usto give details about ourselves. I filled in two forms at the car rental.

    HIGHWAY

    A public road that joins cities or towns together. He spent just two hours driving on that highway.

    INSURANCE

    It is an arrangement in which you pay money to a company, and they pay money to you if somethingunpleasant happens to you, for example if your property is stolen or damaged, or if you get a seriousillness. The contract includes insurance. If you have a problem with the car we will pay for it.

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    MILE

    It is a unit of distance equal to 1,6 kilometers. He travelled at about 60 miles per hour.

    TAX

    It is an amount of money that we have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services.

    It is usually a percentage of personal income or of the cost of goods or services bought. They're putting up the tax on cigarettes.

    ADDITIONAL

    Extra. There is an additional tax for unlimited mileage.

    IMMEDIATELY

    Without delay; very soon before or after something. They rented the car immediately after they arrived.

    UNIT 03

    GRAMMARTO BELIEVE

    To think that something is true, correct or real. He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence. You wouldn't believe who Ed's going to marry. Do you believe in reincarnation?

    TO GET

    To obtain. He's gone down to the corner shop to get some milk. I got a job at that company.To become. There's no point in getting upset. I'm getting cold, let's go home.To go into and travel in a train, bus or other vehicle. Should we get a taxi to the station? If you want to be sure of getting your plane, you'd better leave now.To arrive in a particular place. It was dark by the time she got home.

    I usually get to work at 9:30 a.m.To understand or hear. I didn't get what he said because the music was too loud. I told that joke to Sophia but she didn't get it.

    TO HOPE

    If you HOPE for something, you want something to happen and usually have some reason to expectthat it will happen. I hope to get a job within the next two weeks. Things aren't ideal, but that's the best you can hope for. I hope that she'll win.

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    TO WORRY

    (To cause a person) to think about unpleasant things which might happen or about problems that youhave. Try not to worry - there's nothing you can do to change the situation. You worried your mother by not calling. Don't worry, everything will be fine.

    VOCABULARY 1

    IT'S UNDER

    If you do something under a particular name, you use that name while you are doing it. It's under John le Carr.

    DOUBLE ROOM

    It is a room in a hotel for two people. Bed and breakfast for 180 pounds for two people in a double room.

    SINGLE ROOM

    It is a room in a hotel for one person. A single room at the Astir Hotel costs 56 pounds a night.

    TO SIGN

    To write your name, usually on a written or printed document, to show that you agree with itscontents or have written it yourself. He signed his name at the end of the letter.

    TO CHECK OUT

    To leave a hotel after paying and returning your room key. We checked out from our hotel at 5a.m. to catch a 7a.m. flight.

    VOCABULARY 2

    ELEVATOR

    Device that carries people up and down inside buildings. You'll have to take the elevator to go to the 20th floor.

    GUEST

    A person who is staying in a hotel.

    We would like to remind all our guests to leave their keys at reception before they depart.

    HALL

    The room just inside the main entrance of a house, apartment or other building which leads to otherrooms and usually to the stairs. Just leave your bags in the hall and I'll take them upstairs later on.

    HOTEL

    A building where you pay to have a room to sleep in, and where you can often eat meals. We stayed in / at a hotel on the sea-front.

    PORTER

    A person whose job is to carry things, especially traveller's bags at railway stations, airports, etc. There aren't any porters, so we'll have to find a trolley for the luggage.

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    RECEPTION

    The RECEPTION in a place such as a hotel, office or hospital is the area where you go when youfirst arrive and where you ask for information and where your requests will be dealt with. I'll meet you at reception in half an hour.

    SIGNATURE

    Your name written by yourself, always in the same way, usually to show that something has beenwritten, read, etc, by you. The doctor's signature was difficult to read.

    VACANCY

    It is a space or place which is available to be used. We wanted to book a hotel room in July, but there were no vacancies.

    AVAILABLE

    If something you want or need is AVAILABLE, you can find it or obtain it. Is this dress available to be used?

    VACANTNot filled or occupied; available to be used. The hospital has no vacant beds.

    DOWNSTAIRS

    On or to a lower floor of a building, especially the ground floor or down the stairs. There is a man downstairs who wants to come up and see you.

    UPSTAIRS

    Towards or on the highest floor or floors of a building. He heard glass breaking and ran upstairs to see who had caused it.

    UNIT 04

    GRAMMARTO EXPLAIN

    To make something clear or easy to understand by describing or giving information about it. If there's anything you don't understand, I'll be happy to explain. The teacher explained the rules to the children. Dad explained that we have to go to bed now because we need to get up very early in the morning.

    TO FIND

    To discover where a thing or person is or to discover where to obtain or how to achieve something. I'm hoping to find somewhere to live near my office. Many people here cannot find work.You can use FIND to express your reaction to someone or something. I find most of the young men of my own age so boring.

    TO RECEIVE

    To get or be given something. Did you receive my letter? I received a phone call from your mother.

    To welcome someone or something. She stood by the entrance to receive her guests as they arrived.

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    TO TRY

    To attempt to do something. If you keep trying you'll find a job eventually. You'll have to try hard if you want to get into the football team.To test something. Have you tried that new breakfast cereal which has been advertised on TV?

    VOCABULARY 1

    HOW CAN I HELP YOU?

    It's a polite sentence usually asked by clerks, attendants or any employees responsible for givinginformation to people and / or helping them somehow.

    HOLD ON

    Wait. Will you hold on while I see who's at the door?

    I'LL DO MY BEST

    I'll do anything I can, anything possible. I'll do my best to help you solve this problem, Sarah.

    AREA CODE

    The AREA CODE for a particular city or region is a series of numbers that you have to dial if you aremaking a telephone call to that place from a different area. The area code for So Paulo is 11.

    COUNTRY CODE

    A group of numbers that you dial when calling a country from abroad.

    Brazil's code is 55.

    TO DIAL

    To make a telephone call to someone by pressing a particular series of numbered buttons, or movinga numbered disc, on the telephone. Can I dial this number direct, or do I have to go through the operator?

    TOLL FREE

    Toll refers to the money a long-distance telephone call costs. Toll free means the call won't becharged. There are plans to establish a national toll-free hotline.

    ANSWERING MACHINEA device connected to a telephone which answer calls automatically and records messages fromcallers. She wasn't in, so I left a message on her answering machine.

    VOCABULARY 2

    ATTENTION

    Notice, thought or consideration.

    Don't pay any attention to Nina - she doesn't know what she's talking about.

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    CELLULAR PHONE

    A type of telephone which does not need wires to connect it to a telephone system. If he needs to make a call and he's not home, he uses his cellular phone.

    CONNECTION

    Possibility of speaking to another person by telephone system.

    I'm always trying to ring you but I can never get a connection.

    CORDLESS

    A CORDLESS telephone is one that operates without needing to be permanently connected by awire to an outside electrical supply. The waitress approached him with a cordless phone.

    CROSSED LINE

    If you get a CROSSED LINE while you are talking on the telephone, you can suddenly hear whatother people are saying on a different line. Mark, can you call me again? I can hear someone else's conversation. I think we got a crossed line.

    DEFINITELYWithout doubts; certainly. He definitely said that the film started at 7:30 p.m.

    DIRECTOR

    Person in charge. All the company's checks have to be signed by two directors.

    EXTENSION

    Any of two telephones in the same house which share the same number, or any telephoneconnected to a switchboard in a large building such as an office. We have an extension in our bedroom.

    When you call, ask for extension 3276.

    FAX

    Device used to send and receive documents in electronic form along a telephone line. I'll send you the document by fax.

    LINE

    A connection which makes it possible for two people to speak to each other on the telephone. I'm afraid your line's been disconnected because your last bill hasn't been paid.

    OPERATOR

    Person who works on a telephone switchboard.

    Dial 100 for the operator if you have any difficulties making a call.

    PAY PHONE

    Public telephone which is made to operate by putting coins (or a card) into it. She called me from that pay phone, on the way to the airport.

    PHONE CARD

    Small card which is used to operate a public telephone that allows you to make telephone calls to thevalue that you bought your card for. I don't have any coins, but I have a phone card you can use to make your call.

    SLOT

    Long narrow hole, especially one for putting coins into it. I put my money in the slot and dialed his number.

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    UNIT 05

    GRAMMARTO BUILD

    To make something by putting bricks or materials together. They're building new houses by the river.

    TO HEAR

    To receive or become aware of a sound using your ears. She heard a noise outside. My grandfather is getting old and can't hear very well.

    TO LISTEN

    To give attention to a person or thing that you can hear.

    We listened in silence as the names of the dead were read out. Listen carefully to the conversation on the tape and then answer the questions.

    TO TURN

    To change the direction in which you are facing or moving. She told me to turn right and left until I came to a supermarket.To use a control to switch a piece of equipment on or off or to increase or reduce what is producing. Turn off the light.

    VOCABULARY 1

    FIRST OF ALL

    Before anything else. First of all I'd like to ask you a few questions about your childhood.

    SO THAT

    Used before you give an explanation for the action that you have just mentioned. I warned her you'd be late so that she wouldn't start worrying.

    I'D BE GLAD TO

    Pleased and willing. I'd be glad to help you.

    A COUPLE OF

    Two or more things of the same kind. There's a couple of gloves in the cupboard.

    INSTEAD OF

    In place of something or someone. You can have tea instead of coffee. Lets play cards instead of watching TV.

    IT'S UP TO YOU

    If you say that IT'S UP TO SOMEONE to do something, you mean that it is their responsibility to doit. It's up to you to make it right.

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    TO APPLY FOR

    If you APPLY FOR something such as a job or membership of an organization, you write a letter orfill in a form in order to ask formally for it. I am applying for a job at this school.

    VOCABULARY 2

    ANSWER

    A reaction to a question, letter, phone call. I got eight correct answers and two wrong ones in last week's examination.

    APPOINTMENT

    A formal arrangement to meet or visit someone at a particular time and place. I'd like to make an appointment with Doctor Evans this morning, please.

    CHANCE

    An occasion which allows something to be done; an opportunity. I wish I'd had a chance to meet her before she died.

    CONVERSATION

    Talk between two or more people in which thoughts, feelings and ideas are expressed, questions areasked and answered and news and information are exchanged. I had an interesting conversation with the girl who lives in the flat below us this morning.

    DEMONSTRATION

    A DEMONSTRATION of a feeling or quality is a way of expressing it. She gave him a hug as a demonstration of her affection.

    EXPLANATION

    If you give an EXPLANATION of something, you give details about it or describe it so that it can beunderstood. Sarah gave me a very clear explanation of how to find her house.

    GENTLEMAN

    A man who is polite and behaves well toward other people, or a man of a high social class. Gerald is such a gentleman.

    MACHINE

    A device with several moving parts which uses power to do a particular type of work. We visited a factory in Hawaii where we saw machines for preparing pineapples to be put in cans.

    OPPORTUNITY

    An occasion or situation which makes it possible to do something that you want to do or have to do,or the possibility of doing something. I had an opportunity to go to New York and study.

    PLANT

    A factory in which machines are used. Two more plants were closed by the strike.

    PROJECT

    A piece of planned work or activity which is completed over a period of time and intended to achievea particular aim. Her latest project is a film based on the life of a nineteenth-century music hall star.It can also be a study of a particular subject done over a period of time, especially by students. He is doing a school project on pollution.

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    SUPERVISOR

    A person who is in charge of others. The shop assistant said that he needed to ask his supervisor to authorize my refund.

    BRIEF

    Lasting only a short time or containing few words.

    I took a brief look at the newspaper after breakfast.

    AMONG

    In the middle of, or surrounded by (other things), or as part of a group of people or things. I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd of young people who filled the hall.

    PERHAPS

    Used to show that something is possible or that you are not certain about something. He hasn't written to me recently - perhaps he's lost my address.

    UNIT 06

    GRAMMARTO CARE

    If you CARE ABOUT something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about it. It's a company that cares about the environment.If you CARE FOR someone or something you like them. He wanted me to know that he still cared for me.TO CARE FOR also means to look after someone or something and keep them in a good state or

    condition. They hired a nurse to care for their grandmother.

    TO LAUGH

    When you LAUGH you make a sound with your throat while smiling and show that you are happy oramused. The British don't laugh at the same jokes as the French.

    TO ORDER

    When you ORDER something that you are going to pay for, you ask for it to be brought to you, sentto you, or obtained for you. He ordered a shrimp cocktail and a salad.

    TO SMILE

    When you SMILE, the corners of your mouth curve upwards and you sometimes show your teeth.People smile when they are pleased or amused, or when they are being friendly. She had a big smile on her face.

    VOCABULARY 1

    WINE LIST

    A WINE LIST is the list of wines you can drink in a restaurant, bar, etc. He asked the waiter to bring the wine list.

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    HOUSE WINE

    A restaurant's HOUSE WINE is the cheapest wine it sells, which is not listed by name on the winelist. John ordered a bottle of house wine.

    WHAT SORT OF

    What kind of; what type of. What sort of school did you go to?

    THAT'S RIGHT

    In this case THATS RIGHT is used to make connection with an earlier statement, or also to expressa reaction to something That's right. (you are doing it correctly)

    MAIN COURSE

    The MAIN COURSE is the largest or most important part of a meal in which there are different partsserved separately. It was a three-source meal, with stuffed tomatoes as a starter and salmon as the main course.

    RIGHT BEFORE

    Immediately before. He visited us right before going to England.

    RIGHT AFTER

    Immediately after. They left the party right after 10 p.m.

    VOCABULARY 2

    BOTTLE

    A container for liquids, usually made of glass or plastic, with a narrow neck. She bought an expensive bottle of perfume.

    BOWL

    A round container that is open at the top and is deep enough to hold fruit, sugar, etc. She eats a bowl of cereal every morning.

    CORKSCREW

    A device for removing corks from bottles, which consists of a handle with a twisted metal rod to screwinto the cork and pull it out. She used the corkscrew to get the cork out of a bottle.

    QUALITY

    The standard of something and how good or bad it is in relation to other things of the same kind. The quality of the photograph was poor.

    SERVICE

    An organization or system that provides something which the public needs, especially transport,communications facilities, or information. I think the train service is better than it used to be.

    STARTER

    A small savory dish served as the first part of the meal. We had soup as a starter.

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    SILVERWARE

    We can use SILVERWARE to relate to all the things in a house that are made of silver, especially thecutlery and dishes. She received nice silverware as a wedding present.

    BOILED

    Something cooked in very hot water. She wanted two boiled eggs.

    FRIED

    Something cooked in a pan that contains hot fat or oil. She was forbidden to eat fried food or something with fat.

    GRILLED

    Something cooked very close to strong direct heat, esp. on a very hot surface. I decided to grill the sausages rather than fry them.

    STEAMED

    Something cooked in the hot mist that is produced when water boils. Steam vegetables or cook them quickly with their skins on.

    EXCELLENT

    Extremely good. Her car is in excellent conditions.

    SEVERAL

    SEVERAL is used to refer to an imprecise number of people or things that is not large but is greaterthan two. I've seen "Gone with the wind" several times.

    UNIT 07

    GRAMMARTO ARREST

    If the police ARREST you, they take charge of you and take you to a police station, because theybelieve you may have committed a crime.

    The police arrested her for drinking and driving.

    TO HOLD

    When you HOLD something, you carry or support it, using your hand or your arms. He is holding the pistol in his right hand.When you HOLD someone, you put your arms round them, usually because you want to show themhow much you like them or because you want to comfort them. If only he would hold her close to him.

    TO ROB

    To take money or property illegally from a place, organization or person, often using threats orviolence.

    My wallet's gone! I've been robbed!

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    GUARD

    A person or a group of people whose job is to protect a person, place or thing from danger or attack,or to prevent a person such as a criminal from escaping. Armed guards are posted around the site.

    LAW

    A rule usually made by a government, that is used to order the way in which a society behaves, orthe whole system of such rules. There is a law against cutting down trees in the Amazon.

    SURPRISE

    An unexpected event or the feeling caused by something unexpected happening. Don't tell Ann that we've arranged a party for her - I want it to be a surprise.

    TROUBLE

    Problems or difficulties. The form was terribly complicated and I had a lot of trouble with it.

    VIOLENCEActions or words which are intended to hurt people; extreme force. The report is about cases of domestic violence.

    CURIOUS

    Interested in learning about people or things around you. Babies are curious about everything around them.

    DANGEROUS

    That has to do with danger. I've never played ice hockey - it's far too dangerous.

    GLADPleased and happy. We were glad about her success.

    NERVOUS

    Worried or slightly frightened. Do you feel nervous during exams?

    UPSET

    If you are UPSET, you are unhappy or disappointed because something unpleasant has happened toyou. She was very upset to hear that the holiday had been cancelled.

    BESIDES

    In addition to; also. Do you play another sport besides ice-skating and darts?

    WHOSE

    You use WHOSE in questions to ask about the person or thing that something belongs to or isassociated with. "Whose is this bag?" "Its Micks."

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    UNIT 08

    GRAMMARTO FEEL

    If you FEEL a particular emotion or physical sensation, you experience it. Im feeling so happy today.If you feel that something is the case, you have a strong idea in your mind that it is the case. I feel I should be doing more to help her.If you talk about how you FEEL about something, you talk about your opinion, attitude or reaction toit. How do you feel about going back to the States?If you FEEL LIKE doing something or having something, you want to do it or have it because you arein the right mood for it and think you would enjoy it. I feel like taking a walk.

    TO HIDE

    If you HIDE something or someone, you put them in a place where they cannot easily be seen orfound. I hid myself from the police. I feel you are hiding something from me.

    TO LOSE

    If you LOSE something, you do not know where it is because you have forgotten where you put it. I lost my keys. Not have anymore. He lost his job one year ago. When you LOSE weight, you become thinner. Norma lost 5 kilos. Used to say that someone has died. She lost her brother in a car accident.

    TO MAIL

    If you MAIL something to someone you send it to them by putting it in a post-box or by taking it to apost office. He mailed me the contract.

    VOCABULARY 1

    BY CHANCE

    Something that happens BY CHANCE was not planned by anyone. I got this job completely by chance.

    TO BE ABLE TO

    To have the physical or mental power, skill, time, money, opportunity, etc. needed. Will she be able to hide all that money?

    PET SHOP

    A store where animals are sold. There are some beautiful exotic birds at Jerrys Pet Shop.

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    AIRMAIL

    A system of sending letters, parcels, etc. by aircraft. If you send it (by) airmail, it will be very expensive.

    EXPRESS MAIL

    A service which delivers fast.

    Send this parcel express.

    VOCABULARY 2

    BIRD

    A creature with feathers and wings, usually able to fly. Birds build nests and lay eggs in them in the spring.

    CHICKA baby bird, especially young chicken. They have many chicks on their farm.

    KITTEN

    A very young cat. Our cat has just had six kittens.

    OWNER

    An owner of something is the person to whom it belongs. Are you the owner of this car?

    PAWThe foot of an animal such as a cat, dog or bear which has claws or nails. Tobby lift his paw and put it on my knee.

    PET

    An animal which is kept in the home as a companion and treated affectionately. They have several pets - a dog, two rabbits and a guinea pig.

    PUPPY

    A young dog. Our dog has just had six puppies.

    SHOPA place to buy things. While I was in the shop, I picked up a couple of magazines.

    TAIL

    The movable part at the back of an animals body. Dogs wag their tails when they are pleased.

    TURTLE

    An animal which lives in or near water, which has a thick shell covering its body into which it canmove its head and legs for protection. He is thinking about buying a turtle for his children.

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    ANXIOUS

    If you are ANXIOUS to do something or ANXIOUS that something should happen, you very muchwant to do it or very much want it to happen. My mother always gets a bit anxious if we dont arrive when we say we will.

    FANTASTIC

    Very good. They've won a holiday? Fantastic!

    UNUSUAL

    Different from others of the same type in a way that is surprising, interesting or attractive. It's unusual to have adult conversation like that with such a young man.

    USUAL

    Happening, done or used most often. It is usual to tip waiters and drivers.

    UNIT 09

    GRAMMAR

    TO COUGH

    When you COUGH, you force air out of your throat with a sudden, harsh noise. You often COUGHwhen you are ill, or when you are nervous or want to attract someone's attention. Did he cough during the night?

    TO ENJOY

    If you ENJOY something, you find pleasure and satisfaction in doing it or experiencing it. I really enjoyed that film. Come on! Why aren't you dancing? Enjoy yourselves! I enjoy meeting people and seeing new places.

    TO FALL

    If someone or something FALLS, they move quickly downwards onto or towards the ground, byaccident or because of natural force. Her father fell into the sea after a massive heart attack.

    TO SNEEZE

    To send air out from the nose and mouth explosively, in a way that you cannot control. I keep sneezing - I hope I'm not getting another cold.

    VOCABULARY 1

    TO PICK UP

    To go and get. Whose turn is it to pick up the children after school?

    TO GUESS

    To think or believe.

    My train leaves in an hour, so I guess I'd better be going now.

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    TO FIND OUT

    To obtain knowledge of something or obtain knowledge of the dishonest or criminal activities ofsomeone. I'll just go and find out what's going on outside.

    NIGHTCLUB

    A place which is open until late at night where people can go to drink and dance and often see sometype of entertainment. They enjoyed dancing at that nightclub.

    TO SIT DOWN

    To SIT is to be on a chair or seat, or on the ground, with the top half of your body upright and yourweight resting on your buttocks. If you work sitting down, you need to take plenty of exercise.

    FOR A WHILE

    For a length of time. I only stayed for a while because I had some other things to do.

    LET ME KNOW

    If you LET SOMEONE KNOW, you tell them something. Let me know if you need any help.

    TO WAKE UP

    To become awake and conscious after sleeping. I woke up with a headache.

    NEVER MIND

    You use NEVER MIND to tell someone that they need not to do something or worry about somethingbecause it is not important or because you will do it yourself.

    "I'm afraid I've lost that wallet you gave me." "Well, never mind, I can easily buy you another one."

    ALL OF A SUDDEN

    If something happens ALL OF A SUDDEN, it happens quickly and unexpectedly. It seemed to happen all of a sudden - I felt dizzy, then my legs went weak and I just collapsed.

    HOW LONG

    What amount of time. How long are you going to be in the bathroom?

    VOCABULARY 2

    BARTENDER

    Someone who serves drinks in a bar. Most of the bartenders who work here are students.

    COUGH

    Air that comes out of the lungs through the throat with a short loud sound. Emily has a very bad cough.

    DUST

    Dry dirt in the form of power that covers surfaces inside a building.

    The furniture was covered in dust and cobwebs.

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    PROBABILITY

    The PROBABILITY of something happening or being true is how likely it is that it will happen or betrue. I'm afraid there is a high probability that something has gone wrong.

    PUNCTUALITY

    Ability of arriving at the right time. The boss does expect punctuality from us.

    SECRET

    A piece of information that is only known by one person or a few people and should not be told toothers. Don't tell anyone about this - it's a secret.

    ALLERGIC

    If you are ALLERGIC to something, you become ill or get a rash when you eat, smell, or touch it. I'm allergic to cats.

    DRUNKUnable to speak or act in the usual way because of having had too much alcohol. I had a couple of glasses of wine but I certainly wasn't drunk.

    DUSTY

    Covered with very small pieces of dirt. The book shelves are really dusty.

    PUNCTUAL

    Arriving, doing something or happening at the expected, correct time. She is a very punctual person.

    FINALLYYou use FINALLY to suggest that something happens after a long period of time, usually later thanyou wanted or expect it to happen. We finally got home at eleven o'clock, collected the parcel and left.You use FINALLY in speech or writing to introduce a final point, question or topic. Finally, I would like to tell you a little story.

    PROBABLY

    If you say that something is PROBABLY the case, you think that it's likely to be the case, althoughyou are not sure. The play finishes at 11:30, so I'll probably be home about midnight.

    WITHINInside or not beyond an area or period of time. We recommend that this wine should be consumed within six months.

    WITHOUT

    Not having or doing something or lacking something. You shouldn't drive for more than three hours without taking a break.

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    UNIT 10

    GRAMMARTO ATTEND

    If you ATTEND a meeting or other event you are present at it. The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries.If you ATTEND an institution such as school, college, or church, you go there regularly. They attended college together at the University of Pennsylvania.

    TO MISS

    If you MISS a chance or opportunity, you fail to take advantage of it. She had missed her chance of victoryIf you MISS someone who is no longer with you or who has died, you feel sad and wish that theywere still with you. When George went away I really missed him.If you MISS something, such as a plane or train, you arrive too late to catch it. He missed the last bus home.

    TO SHOUT

    If you shout you say something very loudly, usually because you want people a long distance awayto hear you or because you are angry. Dad really shouted at me when I broke the window. She shouted down to us from the bedroom window.

    TO TEACH

    If you TEACH someone something, you give them instructions so that they know about it or how todo it. She taught Julie to read.

    VOCABULARY 1

    AT THAT TIME

    At a particular point in the past. It seemed like a good idea at that time.

    TO GET ANGRY

    To become angry, impatient, nervous, mad. I got really angry with her.

    AT TIMES

    Sometimes. You can be really nice at times, you know.

    GOSH

    Expression used to express surprise or strength of feeling. Gosh, I didn't expect to see you here!

    MY GOODNESS

    Expression used to express any strong emotion, especially surprise. Goodness, how many more times do I have to tell you!

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    ANYTIME

    At an unspecified point in time. The college admits students anytime during the year.

    FROM NOW ON

    From this moment and always in the future.

    From now on the gates will be locked at midnight.

    EASY-GOING

    If you describe someone as EASY-GOING you mean that they are not easily annoyed, worried, orupset, and you think this is a good quality. Athenians have a very easy-going attitude to life.

    VOCABULARY 2

    COMMUNICATION

    Act of sharing or exchanging information.

    Television is an increasingly important means of communication. There's very little communication between mother and daughter.

    EDUCATION

    Involves teaching people various subjects usually at a school or college, or being taught. As a child he received most of his education at home.

    HIGH SCHOOL

    In the United States, a HIGH SCHOOL is a school for children aged between 15 and 18, or 16 and18 if there is also a junior high school. He belongs to the high school football team.

    LANGUAGEA system of communication consisting of a set of small parts and a set of rules which decide theways in which these parts can be combined or produce messages that have meaning. Do you speak any foreign languages? Well, I learnt 3 languages at school, but I don't speak any of them fluently.

    NICKNAME

    Informal name for someone, used especially by their friends or family, usually based on their name ora characteristic that they have. We always use the nickname Beth for our daughter Elizabeth.

    SEMESTER

    In colleges and universities in the United States and some other countries, a SEMESTER is one ofthe two periods into which the year is divided. We'll talk to professor Brown in the second semester.

    SPEECH

    The language used when talking. Expressions like "you know" are used more in speech than in writing.A formal talk given usually to a large number of people on a special occasion. I'm nervous about having to make a speech at my friend's wedding.

    AGGRESSIVE

    An AGGRESSIVE person or animal has a quality of anger and determination that makes them ready

    to attack. If I criticize him he gets all aggressive and starts shouting.

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    BILINGUAL

    Means involving or using two languages. It's a bilingual dictionary.Someone who is BILINGUAL can speak two languages extremely fluently, usually because theylearnt both languages as a child. He is bilingual in an Asian language and English.

    CERTAIN

    If you are CERTAIN about something, you firmly believe it is true and have no doubts about it.If you are NOT CERTAIN about something, you do not have definite knowledge about it. It wasn't a balloon - I'm certain of that.You use CERTAIN to indicate that you are referring to one particular thing, person or group. There will be certain people who'll say "I told you so".

    MAD

    Mentally ill or unable to behave in a reasonable way; insane. Sometimes he felt as if he would go mad, lose his mind completely.Extremely foolish or stupid; crazy.

    You must be mad if you think such a plan could work.Very angry or annoyed. You'd better avoid him, he's mad as hell with you.

    NAUGHTY

    Behaving badly and not being obedient.NAUGHTY is usually used when talking to children. You're a very naughty girl, pulling the head off your sister's doll.

    ODD

    Strange or unexpected. It's odd that no one has seen Brian for days.

    REAL

    Existing in fact; not imaginary. Our children dont know that Santa Claus isnt a real person.Not false; being what it appears to be. These spoons are made of real silver.The most important. The real difficulty was the language, because my children don't speak English.

    WEIRD

    Very strange and unusual, unexpected or not natural; bizarre. The man we spoke to was really weird.

    EXTREMELY

    You use EXTREMELY in front of adjectives and adverbs to emphasize that the specified quality ispresent to a very great degree. I'm extremely sorry I wasn't here to meet you.

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    UNIT 11

    GRAMMARTO BECOME

    To start to be. It was becoming cold, so we lit the fire. After giving up smoking, he became fat.

    TO BELONG

    If something BELONGS to you, you own it. This book belongs to Sarah - I must give it back to her.If someone BELONGS to a particular group, they are a member of that group. She belongs to an elite club which is very hard to get into.When lovers say that they BELONG TOGETHER, they are expressing their closeness orcommitment to each other. I really think that we belong together.

    TO NOTICE

    To become aware of, esp. by looking; to see. We noticed a car stopping outside the house. We noticed that Mary was looking at him.

    TO TRUST

    If you TRUST someone, you believe that they are honest and sincere and will not deliberately doanything to harm you. Trust me - have I ever lied to you in the past? If anyone should be trusted to solve the problem, it's John.

    VOCABULARY 1

    EACH OTHER

    We use EACH OTHER when we are saying that each member of a group does something to theothers or has a particular connection with the others. We looked at each other and smiled.

    TO DO SOMEONE'S BEST

    We say that someone DOES ITS BEST when he/she makes the greatest effort possible. I'll do my best to help you.

    DUTY-FREE SHOP

    A shop, for example at an airport, where we can buy goods at a cheaper price than usual, becauseno tax is paid on them. He bought his wife a perfume at the duty-free shop.

    TO GET OFF

    To GET OFF a train, bus or airplane is to leave it. She got off the plane at 8 o'clock.

    TO GET ON

    If you GET ON a bus, train or plane, you go into it in order to travel somewhere. We waited until twelve and we finally got on the plane.

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    TO BE PROUD OF

    To feel satisfaction and pleasure because of something which has been done or is owned. I'm proud of my son because he is going well at school. He's proud of his company.

    VOCABULARY 2

    BIN

    At an airplane, a bin is the container where we put our hand luggage. His coat is in the bin.

    CONVENTION

    A large meeting of an organization or group. There is a convention at the hotel.

    CREW

    A group of people who work on and operate an airplane. The crew was in the airplane before the passengers.

    PRESIDENT

    The official leader of a country that does not have a king or a queen. Lula will be running for president again.

    PRIDE

    A feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you havedone or possess something good. He felt pride when his daughter won the game.

    COMFORTABLE

    Producing a feeling of physical relaxation because of shape, softness, etc. This couch is really comfortable.

    UNCOMFORTABLE

    Not comfortable or not relaxed or calm. She was sitting in an uncomfortable position. The request for money made them feel uncomfortable.

    FREE

    Not limited or controlled; not a prisoner; not needing to be paid for; not busy. Children are free to decide which activity they would like to do. He is free now but he was in prison last year. I have free tickets for the concert. He is free this morning. He doesn't have to work.

    PLEASANT

    Enjoyable, attractive or friendly; easy to like. The convention was pleasant and interesting.

    UNPLEASANT

    Not enjoyable, attractive or friendly. Something/someone that makes you feel upset or uncomfortable. He was unpleasant and aggressive.

    UNSURE

    If you are UNSURE you lack confidence. He was unsure about his speech.

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    WONDERFUL

    Extremely good. It's wonderful to see you.

    ABOARD

    If you are ABOARD a ship or a plane you are on it or in it.

    There were thirty passengers aboard.

    ABROAD

    If you go ABROAD you go to a foreign country. I would love to go abroad this year.

    OVERSEAS

    You use OVERSEAS to describe things that happen or exist abroad. He is working overseas for the new company.

    UNIT 12 GRAMMARTO BEGIN

    To start. She began learning to drive She was beginning to get angry. What time does the concert begin?

    TO BOTHER

    To annoy, worry or cause problems to someone. Don't bother me! I want to read.

    TO DECIDE

    To choose after careful thought about several possibilities. They have to decide by next Friday. I don't mind which one you decide.

    TO TELL

    To say; to give information or instructions using speech. He told his problems to me. He told me his problems.

    VOCABULARY 1

    SO MUCH

    We use SO MUCH to indicate the great intensity, extent, or degree of something such as an action,feeling, or change. I worked so much yesterday... I feel exhausted.

    TO GAIN WEIGHT

    To have an increase in weight. I gained a lot of weight while I was on holiday.

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    TO BE OUT OF MIND

    To be foolish. He must be out of mind to spend so much money on an old car.

    ANYWAY

    We use ANYWAY to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous point.

    I'm certain David's told you his business troubles. Anyway, it's no secret that he owes money.We use ANYWAY to change the topic or return to a previous topic. "I've got a terrible cold." Have you? Oh, dear. Anyway, so you are not going to go away this weekend?"

    TO GO ON A DIET

    When you GO ON A DIET you eat special kinds of food or you eat less food than usual because youare trying to lose weight. She needs to go on a diet because she eats a lot.

    TAKE IT EASY

    If someone tells you to TAKE IT EASY they mean that you should relax and not do very much at all.

    Take it easy. Everything will be OK.

    TO HAVE A MEDICAL CHECK-UP

    When we HAVE A MEDICAL CHECK-UP we are examined by our doctor or dentist to make sure thatthere is nothing wrong with our health. He had a medical examination last Friday with Doctor Morningstar.

    NO WAY

    You can say NO WAY as an emphatic way of saying no. No way will I play with you.

    TO BE FIT

    Someone IS FIT when she / he is in a good health. She is fit because she does a lot of activities.

    TO GO BACK

    To return to where you were before. I went back home at six o'clock.

    VOCABULARY 2

    ACTIVITY

    A situation in which a lot of things are happening or being done. I prefer physical activities.

    DIET

    Food and drink usually taken by a person for medical or personal reasons. It's important to have a good diet if you want to be fit.

    GYM

    A club, building or large room containing special equipment, where people go to do physicalexercises or get fit. It's also the activity of doing physical exercises in a gym, especially at school. I exercise in the gym on Mondays. I have gym classes in the afternoon.

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