Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4272doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4272

Taxonomic Paper

On the female of Gypona reversa DeLong &Martinson, 1972, with emphasis on genitalstructures (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)Elidiomar R. Da-Silva , Luci B. N. Coelho , Paulo Srgio F. Ferreira

Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universidade Federal de Viosa, Viosa, Brazil

Corresponding author: Elidiomar R. Da-Silva (elidiomar@gmail.com)Academic editor: Laurence LivermoreReceived: 19 Nov 2014 | Accepted: 30 Dec 2014 | Published: 31 Dec 2014Citation: Da-Silva E, Coelho L, Ferreira P (2014) On the female of Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972,with emphasis on genital structures (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4272. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4272

AbstractGypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972 has its ovipositor described and illustratedbased on the examination of specimens from its type locality. This is the first species ofGypona Germar, 1821 to have the female genitalia detailed description published.

KeywordsTaxonomy, Morphology, Female genitalia, Leafhopper, Gyponini, Neotropics.

IntroductionThe Pan-American genus Gypona Germar, 1821 (Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini)includes about 200 described species (DeLong 1980). Most of the species are onlydescribed based on the male, and when the female is known there is only reference to thesternite VII as the genital structures (Coelho et al. 2001, Azevedo-Filho and Carvalho2003). Gypona (G.) reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972 was described based on male

Da-Silva E et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source arecredited.

holotype (from Viosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil) and paratype (from Jalapa, Mexico) (Coelhoet al. 2001). Coelho et al. (2001) redescribed the male and described for the first time thefemale based on specimens from Viosa. As for the female genitalia, only the sternite VIIwas described. In view of recent studies that emphasize the importance of female genitalstructures in Cicadellidae (e.g., Rodriguez and Mejdalani 2009, Mejdalani and Silva 2010,Mejdalani and Cavichioli 2013, Domahovski et al. 2014), we herein give a detailedredescription of the female of G. reversa.

Materials and methodsThe descriptive terminology adopted herein follows mainly Young (1977), except for thefemale terminalia (Balduf 1934, Blocker and Triplehorn 1985). For morphological study ofthe genitalia, abdomen was removed and soaked it in a warm solution of 10% KOH, rinsedin water and stored in glycerin (modified from Oman 1949). Photographs were taken with adigital camera EC3 attached to a stereomicroscope Leica S8AP0, and a camera DMC2900 attached to a microscope Leica DM4000 B LED, using the image stacking softwareCombineZP (www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk). Terminalia were stored in a small vialwith glycerin pinned below the specimen.The specimen was collected in a fragment of Atlantic Forest inserted on the UniversidadeFederal de Viosa (UFV) campus. UFV is located in Viosa municipality, Zona da Mata ofMinas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil (Rocha et al. 2007) and has an area of 1,359hectares (Brianezi et al. 2013). The climate is Cwa (Kppen), mesothermal with hot rainysummers, cool dry winters, average annual temperature 21.8C, and average annualrainfall 1314.2 mm (Castro et al. 1983, Brianezi et al. 2013).The specimen examined belongs to Coleo Entomolgica Jos Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra,Departamento de Zoologia (DZRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Taxon treatmentGypona (Gypona) reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972

Materials a. acceptedNameUsage: Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972; taxonID: Native;

scientificNameID: lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B3CBB30-41F7-4CE3-ADD5-8C00FE4D4D6A; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Hexapoda; order: Hemiptera; family: Cicadellidae; genus: Gypona; subgenus: Gypona; specificEpithet: reversa; scientificNameAuthorship: DeLong & Martinson, 1972; continent: South America; country:Brazil; countryCode: BR; stateProvince: Minas Gerais; municipality: Viosa; locality: Matada Biologia, Recanto das Cigarras; verbatimElevation: 650 m; verbatimCoordinates: 2045'31.8"S 4251'40.5"W; eventDate: 08/09/1993; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; recordedBy: Luci B. N. Coelho; identifiedBy: Luci B. N. Coelho; dateIdentified: 1993; language: en; institutionCode: DZRJ; collectionCode: Insects;

2 Da-Silva E et al.

ownerInstitutionCode: Coleo Entomolgica Professor Jos Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

b. acceptedNameUsage: Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1973; taxonID: Native; scientificNameID: lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B3CBB30-41F7-4CE3-ADD5-8C00FE4D4D6A; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Hexapoda; order: Hemiptera; family: Cicadellidae; genus: Gypona; subgenus: Gypona; specificEpithet: reversa; continent: South America; country: Brazil; countryCode: BR; stateProvince: Minas Gerais; municipality: Viosa; locality: Mata da Biologia, Recanto das Cigarras; verbatimElevation: 650 m; verbatimCoordinates: 2045'31.8"S 4251'40.5"W; eventDate: 06/28/1993; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; recordedBy: Luci B. N. Coelho; identifiedBy: Luci B. N. Coelho; dateIdentified: 1993; language: en; institutionCode: DZRJ; collectionCode: Insects; ownerInstitutionCode: Coleo Entomolgica ProfessorJos Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

DescriptionGypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972Redescription of femaleLength 7.8 mm. General color green with black and brown spots on pronotum andwings (Figs 1, 2a). Crown transversely striated, anterior margin rounded; transocularwidth 4.5 times median length, inter-ocular width 3.0 times median length; eyes brown,ocelli red; transocular width about 0.9 times pronotum maximum width (Fig. 2a). Facegreenish-yellow, clypeus length about 1.5 times width, apical margin slightly indentedmedially (Fig. 2b). Pronotum transversely striated, black spot behind each eye;maximum width about twice median length. Scutellum transversely striated (Fig. 2a).

Figure 1. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female, dorso-lateral view.

On the female of Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, with emphasis ... 3

Forewings translucent, apical region smoky, black spot at the insertion point; brownspot at the apex of each claval vein, inner discal cell with two brown spots, one basaland other apical; irregular brown band from clavus apex to median portion of fifth apicalcell; about 3.3 times longer than wide; appendix brown, vestigial.Sternite VII (Fig. 3a, c) 2.4 times longer than preceding segment; median area,anterolateral angles and posterior margin, brown; lateral margin 1.2 times medianlength, margin convex, posterolateral corners rounded; posterior margin slightlyelevated, median third with two "teeth" separated by shallow concavity, lateral thirdslightly concave (Coelho et al. 2001); maximum width about 2.4 median length.Pygofer, in lateral view, approximately triangular shaped, with apex rounded; scatteredmacrosetae at posterior margin (Fig. 3d). Ovipositor much shorter than pygofer.Ovipositor, in ventral view, with a median lateral undulation (Fig. 3a), which actuallyrepresents the lateral undulation of valvulae II (Fig. 3b). First valvifer approximatelyquadrangular (Fig. 4a). Valvula I (Fig. 4), in lateral view, about 4.5 times longer thanbroad; apex acute, distinctly narrowed at tip (dorsal margin incised); dorsal sculpturedarea finely strigate (Fig. 5a); ventral fold undeveloped (Figs 4, 5b), apical ventral areastrigate, subapical ventral area sculptured with longitudinal striae (Figs 4b, 5b); ramusextending to apical end; base of valvula extending anteriad of 1st valvifer. Right and leftvalvulae II similar in shape and size, strongly fused to each other, and expandedapically; approximately 4 times longer than broader (Fig. 6a); with broadest point onapical half; ventral margin of apical half, rounded (Fig. 6a, b), dorsoapical marginstraight, finely serrated (Figs 6, 7a),channels and pores conspicuous (Figs 6c, d, 7b);median-dorsal margin distinctly granular (Figs 6b, 7a); median-lateral undulation inventral view (Fig. 3b). Second valvifer (Fig. 8) approximately semi-ovalar, point of

a b

Figure 2. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female.a: Dorsal view.b: Face (detail: apical margin of clypeus).

4 Da-Silva E et al.

articulation dark. Valvula III (Fig. 8), in lateral view, approximately 3.44x longer thanbroad, slightly more sclerotized in ventral margin; ventral half with rows of small conicalapical-pointed thorns and scattered spiniform bristles (Fig. 9); ventral margin with apexcurved dorsally, dorsal margin more rectilinear (Fig. 8); apex rounded (Figs 8, 9b).

DiagnosisGeneral color green with black and brown spots on pronotum and wings (Figs 1, 2a).Sternite VII (Fig. 3c) with lateral margin convex, posterolateral corners rounded;posterior margin slightly elevated, median third with two "teeth" separated by shallowconcavity, lateral third slightly concave. Ovipositor, in ventral view, with a median lateralundulation (Fig. 3a, b), which represents the lateral undulation of valvulae II. Valvula I(Fig. 4) with apex acute, distinctly narrowed at tip; dorsal sculptured area finely strigate,subapical margin with longitudinal striae; ventral fold undeveloped. Valvula II (Figs 6,7a) with broadest point on apical half; dorsoapical margin truncate finely serrated;median-dorsal margin distinctly granular. Valvula III (Figs 8, 9) with ventral half with

a b

c d

Figure 3. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female.a: Abdominal tip, ventral view.b: Median lateral undulation of ovipositor valvulae II, ventral view.c: Sternite VII, ventral view.d: Pygofer, lateral view.

On the female of Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, with emphasis ... 5

rows of small conical apical-pointed thorns and scattered spiniform bristles; ventralmargin with apex curved dorsally, dorsal margin more rectilinear.

a

b

a

b

Figure 4. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female, valvula I.a: First valvifer and valvula I, lateral view.b: Distal two thirds, lateral view.

Figure 5. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female, valvula I.a: Dorsal strigate area, lateral view.b: Subapical ventral area, at the limit between longitudinal striae and strigate area, lateralview.

6 Da-Silva E et al.

DistributionBrazil (Minas Gerais State, Viosa municipality) and Mexico (Veracruz State, Xalapamunicipality - formerly known as "Jalapa") (DeLong and Martinson 1972, Coelho et al.2001).

BiologySpecimens were collected in a grove of Atlantic forest, feeding on Wedelia paludosaDC (Compositae).

NotesStudied specimensBRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Viosa, Universidade Federal de Viosa, Recanto dasCigarras, 2045'31.8"S 4251'40.5"W (in Wedelia paludosa DC, Compositae), L.B.N.Coelho leg., 1 , 27/vi/1993; 1 , 09/viii/1993 (DZRJ).

a b

c d

Figure 6. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female, valvulae II.a: Lateral view.b: Distal two thirds, lateral view.c: Apical area of left valvula, lateral view.d: Apical area of right valvula, lateral view.

On the female of Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, with emphasis ... 7

ab

Figure 7. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female, valvulae II.a: Median-dorsal margin, lateral view.b: Sub-basal ventral margin, lateral view.

Figure 8. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female, valvifer II and valvula III, lateral view.

8 Da-Silva E et al.

DiscussionThis is the first published description of the ovipositor valvulae of any Gypona species. Hill(1970), in his unpublished thesis, illustrated the valvula II of Gypona verticalis Stl, 1864,which is quite shorter than in G. reversa (Fig. 6a). Noronha (2000), in her unpublishedmonograph, briefly described the female genitalia of G. hiata DeLong and Freytag, 1967.Compared with G. hiata, the sternite VII of G. reversa has a more convex lateral margin,and posterior margin with two "teeth" separated by shallow concavity (Fig. 3a, c); pygoferis longer (Fig. 3a, d); ventral fold of valvula I is vestigial (Figs 4, 5b); apical third of valvulaII is broader, and dorsally serrated, not bearing tooth (Fig. 6c, d); apical third of valvula III isbroader (Fig. 8).According to Engel and Takiya (2012), diagnostic characteristics in the female genitaliaoften used in other leafhopper groups were found to vary intraspecifically within genusClinonana Osborn, 1988. Nevertheless, the authors believe that researchers should alwaysmake an effort to describe the female genitalia in as much detail as possible, so hopefullyin the future it might become a source of useful taxonomic characteristics.

a

b

Figure 9. Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, female, valvula III.a: Sub-apical ventral margin, lateral view.b: Apical area, ventral view.

On the female of Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, with emphasis ... 9

AcknowledgementsWe thank Dr. Ana Clara Gonalves (University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, USA) andProf. Dr. Valria Magalhes Aguiar (Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,Brazil) for critical review of the manuscript. Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev (Managing Director -Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria) gave us invaluable help regarding technical support.This study was partially supported by project Biodiversidade de cigarrinhas nos estadosdo Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais (Programa de Ps-Graduao em BiodiversidadeNeotropical, UNIRIO, Brazil).

References Azevedo-Filho WS, Carvalho GS (2003) Descries das fmeas de Gypona gilba

DeLong & Martinson, 1972 e de Reticana vittata Azevedo-Filho & Carvalho, 2000(Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Gyponinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 47 (2):307308. [In Portuguese]. DOI: 10.1590/S0085-56262003000200020

Balduf WV (1934) The taxonomic value of ovipositors in some Empoasca species(Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Annals Entomological Society of America 27: 293310. [InEnglish].

Blocker HD, Triplehorn BW (1985) External morphology of leafhoppers. In: Nault L (Ed.)The leafhoppers and planthoppers. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 500 pp. [In English].

Brianezi D, Jacovine LA, Gonalves W, Rocha SJ (2013) Avaliao da arborizao nocampus-sede da Universidade Federal de Viosa. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de.Arborizao Urbana 8 (4): 89106. [In Portuguese].

Castro PS, Valente OF, Coelho DT, Ramalho RS (1983) Interceptao da chuva pormata natural secundria na regio de Viosa, MG. Revista rvore 7: 7689.

Coelho LB, Da-Silva ER, Ferreira PS (2001) Redescrio do macho e descrio dafmea de Gypona reversa DeLong e Martinson. Entomotropica 16 (2): 127129.

DeLong DM (1980) New species of Gypona(Homoptera, Cicadellidae: Gyponinae) from Central and South America. RevistaPeruana de Entomologa 23 (1): 5962. [In English].

DeLong DM, Martinson C (1972) Studies of the Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) -fourteen new species of Gypona from Central and South America. The Ohio Journal ofScience 72 (3): 161170.

Domahovski AC, Gonalves CC, Takiya DM, Cavichioli RR (2014) Seven new SouthAmerican species of Regalana DeLong & Freytag (Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini).Zootaxa 3857 (2): 225243. [In English]. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.2.4

Engel G, Takiya DM (2012) Synopsis of Clinonana Osborn (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae:Iassinae): new distributional records and description of a new species. Zootaxa 3329:1930. [In English].

Hill BG (1970) Comparative morphological study of selected higher categories ofleafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). PhD Thesis. North Carolina State University,374 pp. [In English].

10 Da-Silva E et al.

Mejdalani G, Cavichioli RR (2013) A new genus and species of Cicadellini (Hemiptera:Cicadellidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Zoologia 30 (6): 669674. [InEnglish]. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-46702010000500018

Mejdalani G, Silva RS (2010) Notes on Neotropical Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae:Cicadellinae). VII: First detailed description of the female genitalia of a Diestostemmaspecies. Zoologia 27 (5): 813819. [In English].

Noronha VA (2000) Estudo da morfologia de Gypona (Marganalana) hiata DeLong &Freytag, 1964 (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Gyponinae). Monograph. UniversidadeFederal do Paran, Curitiba, 59 pp. [In Portuguese].

Oman PW (1949) The Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). A genericclassification and check list. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 3:1258. [In English].

Rocha LE, Silva E, Martins SV, Feio RN (2007) Jacus na Mata da Biologia. AoAmbiental 10 (35): 1112.

Rodriguez RG, Mejdalani G (2009) Description of the Aguatala compsa Young(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) female. Neotropical Entomology 38 (4):508511. DOI: 10.1590/S1519-566X2009000400012

Young DA (1977) Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Part2. New World Cicadellini and the genus Cicadella. Bulletin of North Carolina AgriculturalExperiment Station 239: 11135. [In English].

On the female of Gypona reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972, with emphasis ... 11

AbstractKeywordsIntroductionMaterials and methodsTaxon treatmentGypona (Gypona) reversa DeLong & Martinson, 1972DescriptionDiagnosisDistributionBiologyNotes

DiscussionAcknowledgementsReferences