;d/ km ];gsf ] df]ltnfnsf ] ljjfxsf]...

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May-June 2014 1 1 1 1 1 jif{ !, c+s &, h]7 @)&!, d"No ¿ #).– Vol. 1, Issue 7, May-June, 2014 M M M Ma M Ma Ma Ma M Ma Ma Ma a a M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Ma a M M M M Ma M Ma M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Ma Ma M M M M M M Ma M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M y- y y y y- y- y- y- y- y- y- y- y- y- y- y y y- y Ju J Ju u u u u u J Ju Ju J J J ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne e ne ne ne ne ne e 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 01 01 01 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 01 01 1 1 1 1 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 01 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 01 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ljjfxsf] df};d ljjfxsf] df};d afWotfdf /fh]zsf] lax] ;'Gb/Lx¿ b]z lrgfpg cft'/ ;d/ km];gsf] ;do df]ltnfnsf] a9\ bf] pT;fx

Transcript of ;d/ km ];gsf ] df]ltnfnsf ] ljjfxsf]...

  • May-June 2014 11111

    jif{ !, c+s &, h]7 @)&!, d"No ¿ #).–

    Vol. 1, Issue 7, May-June, 2014

    MMMMaMMaMaMaMMaMaMaaaMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMaaMMMMMaMMaMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMaMaMMMMMMMaMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM y-yyyy-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-yyy-y JuJJuuuuuuJJuJuJJJ neneneneneneneneneenenenenenee 2222 22 222222222222222222222000000000111000000000000011110000000000011111110000000000001111100000000011010101111100000000000110101111101000000000001110111000000000000111111000000000000111000000000000001111100000000000001111111000000000000001111110000000000000000000111111100000000000000001111111000000000000000111111100000000000000001110111000000000000000011111000000000000111111000000000000011101000000000000000011110000000000000000100000000000000011010000000000000010101100000000000000000001001110000000000000000010101000000000000000001110000000000000000010000000000000110000000000000000001100000000000000110000000000000010000000000000000 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

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    Registration number DAO KTM 216/070/71 l Hot Nepal, a monthly magazine is published by Dream Nepal Publiications Pvt. Ltd. l Address: Gongabu, Kathmandu, Phone: 01-4356141 l Email : [email protected] l Chairman and Editor-in-Chief: Byakul Pathak

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    klg ;lqmo 5g\ . To;}n] pgsf] csf]{ kl/ro k|ltli7t ;dfh;]jL klg aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

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    Vol. 1, Issue 7, May-June, 2014

    ljjfxsf] df};dljjfxsf] df};dafWotfdf /fh]zsf] lax]

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  • May-June 2014 5

    ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfsf] u'0f:t/;DkfbsLo

    ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfdf ljZj lgs} cufl8 al9;s]kl5 dfq g]kfndf To; lsl;dsf k|ltof]lutf ;'? x'g yfn] klg 5f]6} ;dodf o; If]qdf 7"nf] pknlAw xfl;n ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfsf ¿kdf ld; g]kfnnfO{ lnOg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ To; cnfjf klg /fli6«o / If]qLo ¿kdf y'k|} ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfsf] a]nf a]nfdf lj/f]w x'g] u/] klg kl5Nnf] ;dodf To:tf :j/ dTy/ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfsf] gsf/fTds kIfeGbf cjZo klg ;sf/fTds kIf g} a9L 5g\ . o:tf k|ltof]lutfaf6 ;xefuLsf] k|ltef k|:km'6g x'g] dfq x}g d'n'ssf] ;f+:s[lts / cfly{s kIfnfO{ ;jn kfg]{b]lv d'n'saflx/ /fi6« lrgfpg klg d4t k'lu/x]sf] x'G5 . ld; g]kfnh:tf] ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g' / tfh lhTg' x/]s o'jtLsf] ;kgf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To:t}dWo]sL Ps x'g\ kl5Nnf] k':tfsL x6 gflosf lgzf clwsf/L . pgsf nflu ld; g]kfn cem} ;kgf alg/x]sf] 5 . s'g}a]nf ld; OG6/g]zgn g]kfn ;d]t ag]sL gflosf clwsf/Ln] s]xL jif{ cufl8 ld; g]kfn aGg] k|oTg u/]sL lyOg\ t/ dfcf]jfbL cj/f]wsf sf/0f To; a]nf ld; g]kfn k|ltof]lutf g} ePg . ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmd to eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf sfo{qmd /4 ul/Psf] lyof] . of] jif{ j}zfv !( ut] cfof]lht ld; g]kfn k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf x'Fbf klg ld; g]kfndf ;xefuL x'g gkfpFbfsf] kL8f ;fdflhs ;~hfn km];a'saf6 pgn] JoQm u/]sL lyOg\ .

    ld; g]kfnk|lt cfsif{0f a9\g'sf] k5fl8 ld; g]kfn ag]kl5 o;af6 kfpg] ldl8of se/]h tyf ;fdflhs k|lti7f g} k|d'v /x]sf] 5 . lxhf];Dd kl/jf/df dfq ;Lldt ag]sL afnf PsfPs d'n'se/ ;]lna]|6L aGg' rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og . To;dfly, ljleGg k'/:sf/ tyf cj;/n] cfd Jo'6L sG6]:6eGbf ld; g]kfn km/s / dxTjk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 . To;}n] klg ld; g]kfn aGgsf] nflu d]xgt / k};fsf] vf]nf] aufpg ;'Gb/Lx¿aLr k|lt:kwf{ g} rNg] u/]sf] 5 . bh{gf+} ;'Gb/LaLrsf] s8f k|lt:kwf{af6 g} k|To]s jif{ Ps ld; g]kfn 5flgg] ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{ bzsb]lv cfof]lht ld; g]kfnsf] aL;f}+ ;+:s/0faf6 of] jif{ w/fgsL ;'ljg lnDa' ld; g]kfn ag]sL 5g\ . ljutdf ld; d+uf]nsf] km:6 /g/ck aGbf vf;} rrf{df gcfPsL ;'ljg ld; g]kfn ePotf /ftf/ft ;]lna]|6L ag]sL 5g\ . of] pgn] kfPsf] ;Ddfg tyf cj;/ xf] . ld; g]kfn x'g] ;'Gb/Lsf nflu cg]sg sl7gfO /x]h:t} pkflw lht]kl5 klg cg]sg r'gf}tL / ;+3if{ pgLx¿df cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hssf] cfb]zdf ld; g]kfnsf] qmfpg cjlwe/ a:g' kg]{ / o; cjlwdf rfx]/ klg lax] ug{ gkfpg] h:tf ;t{x¿ kfngf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . oL ofjt ;t{afx]s d'n'snfO{ ld; jN8{df lrgfpg ug{'kg]{ sl7g ;+3if{ kmnfd] lrp/f rkfpg' h:t} x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

    cl3Nnf] jif{sL ld; g]kfn OzfgL >]i7 ld; jN8{sf] 6k kmfOe;Dd k'Ug' g} ljZj:t/df ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] xfl;n u/]sf] xfn;Dds} 7"nf] ;kmntf dflgPsf] 5 . Tof] /]s8{nfO{ of] jif{sL ld; g]kfn ;'ljgn] a|]s ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPaf6 yk cfzf ug{ ;lsg] ;+s]t k|fKt ePsf] 5 . csf]{tkm{ xfn;Dd ePsf !( ld; g]kfnsf] ultljlwnfO{ kms]{/ x]bf{ pgLx¿sf] ld; g]kfnsf] Ps jif]{ qmfpg cjlwafx]s c?a]nf u'dgfdh:t} ag]sf] oyfy{n] klg ld; g]kfn s]jn Ps jif{sf] tfdemfd dfq xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf b]lvPsf] 5 . ljZj v]n hut\df g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] d'n's lrgfpFbf nfvf}+sf] k'/:sf/ tyf hflu/sf] cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ ;/sf/n] cl3Nnf] jif{ ld; g]kfn OzfgLn] ld; jN8{df /fd|} :yfg sfod u/]/ kms+{bf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 cf}krfl/s ¿kdf awfO{ ;d]t JoQm gul/Fbf d'n's lrgfpg] ld; g]kfnsf] cfTdan lu/]sf] cfef; ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] cfTdan a9fpg ld; jN8{df d'n's lrgfpg] ld; g]kfnnfO{ 7"nf] /sdsf] k'/:sf/ ;/sf/n] lbg g;s] klg ;fgf] ;Ddfg t lbg ;lsG5 . o;df ;/sf/ r'Sg'x'Gg . csf]{tkm{ ld; g]kfn ag]sf o'jtLx¿ s]jn qmfpgdf dfq ;Lldt x'g' x'Fb}g . s]xL rnlrq tyf lj1fkgdf 5fP/ x/fpg' /fd|f] xf]Og . ef]lnsf lbgdf ld; g]kfnx¿ s]jn ;f}Gbo{ ljwfdf dfq s]lGb|t geO{ d'n'ssf] ;du| k|ultdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx¿ UNofd/ If]qdf dfq ;Lldt geO{ /fhgLlt, pBf]u–Jofkf/, ;dfh;]jfdf ;d]t ;xefuL eP/ d'n's agfpg] sfo{df klg nfUg' cfjZos 5 . ta dfq ld; g]kfn s]jn ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutf dffq geO{ af}l4s prfOsf] dfkg ug]{ k|ltof]lutf klg xf] eGg] k|dfl0ft x'g]5 . ld; g]kfn h:tf ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfsf] pkof]lutfnfO{ a'em]/ kl5Nnf lbgdf /fhgLlts bnaf6 cj/f]w x'g 5f8]sf] 5 . of] cj;/nfO{ ;sf/fTds ¿kdf u|x0f u/]/ ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfsf cfof]hs tyf o;df ;xefuL x'g]x¿n] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ub}{ n}hfg' cfjZos 5 .

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    ;/sf/n] cl3Nnf] jif{ ld; g]kfn OzfgLn] ld; jN8{df /fd|} :yfg sfod u/]/ kms+{bf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 cf}krfl/s ¿kdf awfO{ ;d]t JoQm gul/+bf d'n's

    lrgfpg] ld; g]kfnsf] cfTdan lu/]sf] cfef; ePsf] 5.

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  • h]7 @)&!6

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    – ljho >]i7, g}sfk .

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    – kmfh' afaf, ;LtfkfOnf .

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    – cy{dfg tfdfª, dR5]ufpF .

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    – lg?sf k|wfg, ljzfngu/ .

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    ofqfnfO{ x6 g]kfnsf] 5}6f} + c+sdf kl:sPsf] /x]5 . g]kfnL kqklqsfdf sd} dfq k|sflzt x'g] l5d]sL d'n's rLgsf snfsf/af/] hfgsf/L lbOPsf]df wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' . lrlgofF ;]lna|]6Lsf] af/]df hfGg] d]/f] rfxgfnfO{ x6 g]kfnn] k|f/De c+sb]lv k"/f ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] cnfjf x6 g]kfnsf] c+s–^ df xfO6L b/af/sf] cfZro{hgs s'/fb]lv lrG8f]leq lrlgofF ;+:s[lth:tf ljb]zL k[i7e"ldsf ;a} n]vn] d]/f] dg 5f]of] .

    – pT;jL dNn, dfn]kf6g, kf]v/f .

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    x6 g]kfnsf] k|j]zfª\sb]lv c+s ̂ ;Dd lgoldt x]g]{ df}sf kfO/x]sL 5' . ;du|df o; klqsfsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ /f]rs 9+uaf6 k|:t't ePsf] a]Un} dfl;s klqsf ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o; klqsfsf] cg's/0f s]xL klqsfx?n] ;d]t u/]sf] b]Vbf 5f]6f] ;dodf g} ;kmntf kfPsf] cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L g} o; klqsfn] klqsfx?sf] eL8df 5'§} 5lj /fv]/ cufl8 a9\g] 5 eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; / cfzf /x]sf] 5 . ;kmntfsf] nflu xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf .

    – z}nL pkfWofo, nugv]n, nlntk'/ .

    ;Nnfx–;'emfjsf nflu M [email protected], facebook.com/pages/Hot-Nepal

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    cUnf] lsNnfxfO6L b/af/

    uf}+ nLsf] clego ofqf

    jif{ !, c+s ^, j}zfv @)&!, d"No ¿ #).–

    Vol. 1, Issue 6, March-April, 2014

    gofF jif{ pd+ugofF jif{ pd+udxFuf] km];gdxFuf] km];g

  • May-June 2014 7

    x6 ;dfrf/

    ljleGg JolQmTj ;Ddflgt

    snf / ;flxTo If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf ljleGg JolQmTjnfO{ n"gs/0fbf;–u+ufb]jL rf}w/L ;flxTosnf dlGb/n] ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . ;flxTosf/ uLtf vqLnfO{ Ps nfv ?k}ofF;lxtsf] …u+ufb]jL rf}w/L :d[lt ;Ddfg’ k|bfg ul/of] eg] ;8s gf6sdfkm{t\ ;dfhdf hgr]tgf k'¥ofpg u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ gf6ssf/ cz]if dNnnfO{ …afns[i0f ;d /+u ;DdfgÚ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} uLt /rgfdf u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/:j?k …gf/fo0fuf]kfn ;+uLt ;DdfgÚ uLtsf/ ls/0f v/]nnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . j}1flgs ;'hfgf kmf]af]nfO{ …g]kfn gjk|ltef k'/:sf/Ú ljt/0f ul/of] . o;} u/L ;/:jtL ;Ddfg l;lSsdsf syfsf/ tyf ;dfnf]rs k]Daf tfdfªnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . d"lts{nfdf sf7df8f}+sf /jLGb| Hofk"nfO{ …c/lgsf] nlntsnf ;DdfgÚ / bfªsf dx]z rf}w/LnfO{ …Oltxf; lz/f]dl0f afa'/fd cfrfo{ zf]w ;DdfgÚ k|bfg ul/of] . …u+ufb]jL rf}w/L :d[lt ;DdfgÚ afx]ssf ;Ddfg %! xhf/ ?k}ofFsf x'g\ . ;flxTosnf dlGb/sf] @)cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df ;Ddfg k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] . ;Ddflgt JolQmTjnfO{ ufos k|]dWjh k|wfgn] gub, tfd|kq / dfNofk{0f u/]sf lyP eg] ;+:yfsf cWoIf tyf ;efklt slj j;Gt rf}w/Ln] ;a}nfO{ bf];Nnf cf]9fOlbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf ufos k|]dWjhn] uLtsf/ rf}w/Lsf] …d]/f sljtfx¿Ú gfds sljtf;+u|xsf] O–a's ;fj{hlgs u/] .

    !@ ;~rfl/sfnfO{ ;Ddfg

    cfo{ ;dfh g]kfn, cGt/f{li6«o cfo{ ;dfh / lhpFbf] zxLb k+= b'uf{k|;fb e§/fO{sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ljleGg /]l8of] tyf

    6]lnlehgsf ;dfrf/ jflrsfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ pTs[i6 ;dfrf/ jfrg u/]/ ;du| dlxnfx¿sf] k|lti7fdf j[l4 u/]sf]n] ;Ltf hGdhoGtLsf] cj;/ kf/]/ /fhwfgLdf ;Ddfg ul/Psf] xf] . ;Ddflgt x'g] 6]lnlehg kqsf/x¿df Zj]tf l;Gxf, /f]lhtf sF8]n, ;ljgf s'Fj/, ;'ifdf s];L >]i7, /f]lhtf yfkf, clgtf ljGb', /]:df /fO{, zf]letf l;Gxf, rGb|fjtL l3ld/] / :g]xf emf /x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L Soflk6n PkmPdsf tf/f 9sfn, ;fhgf tfdfª / sflGtk'/ PkmPdsL s[i0ff kf}8]nnfO{ klg ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

    lnl6n lk|G;]; pkflw OzfnfO{

    aflnsfx¿df cGtlg{lxt k|ltef k|:km'6g ug]{ p2]Zon] x]/s jif{ cfof]hgf eO/x]sf] lnl6n lk|G;]; g]kfnsf] rf}yf] ;+:s/0fdf ;xefuL !* aflnsfdWo] Ozf ;'j]bLn] pkflw lht]sL 5g\ . /]l8oG6 Oe]G6 Dofg]hd]G6 Ph]G;Lsf] cfof]hgf Pj+ /fh km}h'sf] sf]l/of]u|fkmL /x]sf] sfo{qmddf pkTosfsf ljleGg ljBfnosf aflnsf ;xefuL lyP . sfo{qmdsL ljh]tf Ozfn] j]:6 6\ofn]G6 / 8«];sf] pkflw klg lht]sL 5g\ . km:6/g/ck ljkl;tf nf]xgLn] j]:6 :dfOnsf] pkflw xft kf/]sL lyOg\ . To:t} ;]s]08 /g/ck ljh]tf pu]:gf ltdlN;gfn] j]:6 k;{gfln6Lsf] cjf8{ k|fKt ul/g\ . o:t} k|m]G8l;kdf :g]xf hu/f du/, l8l;Kn]g / x]o/df ;'lDgdf /fO{, So"6df lj>'lt nf]xgL, jfsdf Zj]tf >]i7, kmf]6f]h]lgsdf bIftf lj:6 / P;dP; cjf8{df ;f/+;f >]i7n] pkflw lht]sf 5g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL aflnsfx¿n] g]jf/L tyf yf? g[To klg k|:t't u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf afnaflnsfn] nf]slk|o ufos tyf uflosfsf uLt ufP/ bz{snfO{ dgf]/~hg k|bfg u/]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf lg0ff{ossf] e"ldsfdf km]zg l8hfOgh d~h' 9sfn, uflosf OlGb/f hf]zL, ufos cfgGb sfsL{, lgb]{zs zf]let a:g]t, snfsf/ Pj+ df]8n ;kgf /f]Ssf du/ / ;~rf/sdL{ ;'ldt /f0ff /x]sf lyP .

  • h]7 @)&!8

    x6 ;dfrf/

    b[li6 algg\ lnl6n ld; jN8{ o'lge;{o; jif{sf] lnl6n ld; jN8{

    o'lge;{sf] pkflw g]kfnsL b[li6 bfxfnn] lht]sL l5g\ . 6sL{sf] ldnf;l:yt s]kmfn'sf l/;f]6{df cfof]lht k|ltof]lutfdf df]/ª pnf{af/LsL b[li6n] @@ d'n'ssf $# k|lt:kwL{nfO{ pl5Gb} pkflw xfl;n u/]sL x'g\ . l8NnLahf/sf] PgcfO{;L Ps]8]dLdf sIff cf7df cWoog/t !@ jifL{of b[li6n] …ld; 6\ofn]G6Ú sf] pkflw klg cfkm\gf] kf]N6fdf kf/]sL 5g\ . b[li6n] pkflw;Fu} k|z+;fkq tyf ljleGg pkxf/ / k'/:sf/ klg xft kfl/g\ . k|ltof]lutfdf pgn] l8hfOg/ ljGhgf u'?ªn] tof/ kf/]sf] klx/gdf g]kfnsf] ;+:s[lt ´Nsg] cfsif{{s g[To k|:t't u/]sL lyOg\ . pgnfO{ snfsf/ lz/f]dl0f bjf8L, ;~rf/sdL{ tyf sf]l/of]u|fkm/ /f]lhg zfSo, 8fnL vgfn, ;'/]z s];L tyf ;f}Gbo{ljb\ cf]sfzf d'NdLnufotn] k|lzIf0f lbPsf lyP . OKnfg]6sf cWoIf

    ;Gtf]if ;fksf]6fsf cg';f/ ljut @! jif{{b]lv 6sL{df cfof]hgf x'Fb} cfPsf] afnaflnsf ;DaGwL of] cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] klxnf]k6s ;xeflutf hgfPsf] xf] . /fhwfgL / df]km;ndf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/L / o'jtLb]lv u[lx0fLDdsf nflu k|ltefd'vL tyf ;f}Gbo{d'vL k|ltof]lutfx? cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] OKnfg]6n] ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfdf ;ft pkflw g]kfn leq\ofO;s]sf] 5 . b[li6 kmfu'g # ut] /fhwfgLdf OKnfg]6n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] …lnl6n ld; g]kfnÚ sf] ljh]tf x'g\ .

    j;Gtsf] ljZj sfJoofqf xªsª;Dd

    rlr{t slj tyf uLtsf/ j;Gt rf}w/L cfkm\gf] ljZj sfJoofqfsf] z[+vnfnfO{ lg/Gt/ lbFb} xªsª k'u]/ cfkm\gf pTs[i6 /rgf ;'gfPsf

    5g\ . xªsªsf] sfpn"g xndf k|jf;L g]kfnL pT;fxsf ;fy j;Gtsf] k|tLIff/t lyP . g]kfnL uLt;+uLt If]qdf rrf{ a6'ln/x]sf j;Gt ha cfkm\gf k|]ldn / :jlKgn sfJo/rgf lnP/ pkl:yt eP, ta pkl:yt bzs{n] tfnLn] :jfut u/]sf lyP . o'jso'jtLsf] vrfvr ePsf] sfo{qmddf j;Gtn] ;'?d} k]ldn sljtf ;'gfP/ jftfj/0f ttfPsf lyP . xªsª g]kfnL kmfp08]zgsf] lgdGq0ffdf ToxfF k'u]sf j;Gtn] …df}gtfdf w]/} s'/f eGg rfx]sf] lyPFÚ zLif{s sljtf afrg ubf{ bz{sbL3f{af6 …jfG;df]/Ú kfPsf lyP . XjfO6 ;'6df pkl:yt ePsf j;Gtn] o:t}–o:t} 8]9 bh{g /rgf ;'gfPsf lyP . k|foM sfdd} Jo:t /xg] k|jf;L g]kfnL To; lbg a;Gtsf] sljtfdf /dfP/ lbg lat]sf] kQ} kfPgg\ . xªsª g]kfnL kmfp08]zgsf cWoIf lszg /fO{n] slj tyf uLtsf/ rf}w/L / km]8]/]zgsf] p2]Zo ;dfg ePs} sf/0f lgDtfPsf] ;'gfP . sfo{qmddf a;Gtsf] sljtfx¿sf] ;+u|x …d]/f sljtfx¿Ú sf] t];|f] ;+:s/0fsf] nf]sfk{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . sl/a b'O{ 3G6f rn]sf] sfo{qmddf g]kfnL uLt;+uLt / ;flxTok|]dL bz{ssf] afSnf] pkl:ylt lyof] . sfo{qmddf u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3, g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sd;{ xªsª, xªsª g]kfnL dxf;+3, g]kfnL ;flxTo k|lti7fg, l;h{gzLn ;flxTo ;dfh, xªsª g]kfnL ;flxTo kl/ifb\ / zfAnfa'ª k|sfzgnufotsf ;+3;+:yfn] slj j;GtnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf lyP .

    ld; P;Pn;L k|ltof]lutf tof/L

    P;Pn;L k/LIff lbP/ 3/df a;]sf 5fqfx?nfO{ nlIft u/]/ w/fg h]l;hn] ld; P;Pn;L @)!$ cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . h]l;hn] l/hN6sf] kvf{Odf /x]sf 5fqfx¿sf] z"Go ;donfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ / pgLx¿df ePsf] k|ltefnfO{ phfu/ ug{ ld; P;Pn;Lsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . h]7 #) ut] w/fgsf] ;efu[xdf kmfOgn x'g] ld; P;Pn;Lsf] kmf/d v'Nnf eO;s]sf] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . …P;Pn;Lsf] l/hN6 gcfP;Dd ljBfyL{sf] z"Go ;do x'g] /x]5, To;}n] of] ;donfO{ ;b'kof]u ub}{ pgLx¿nfO{ ljleGg tflnd lbnfpg] / Ifdtf clej[lå u/fpg] p2]Zon] ug{ nfu]sf] xf}+Ú, sfo{qmdsf lqmPl6e 8fO/]S6/ lzj/fh >]i7n] eg] . ljh]tfn] ld; P;Pn;Lsf] tfh;Fu} l;N8 / l8kf]6 pRrdfljdf Kn; 6'sf] 5fqj[lQ / ld; l6gdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ klg kfpg] 5g\ .

  • May-June 2014 9

    se/ :6f]/L

    ld; g]kfn @)!$

    ;'Gb/Lx¿ b]z lrgfpg cft'/

    t:jL/ M /fhefO ;'jfn

  • h]7 @)&!10

    se/ :6f]/L

    bzs nfdf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] ld; g]kfndf of] jif{sf] pkflw ;'ljg lnDa"n] lhltg\ . k|lt:kwL{ !* ;'Gb/LnfO{ pl5g]/ gub %) xhf/

    ;lxtsf] ld; g]kfnsf] tfh klx/g ;kmn ;'ljg lnDa" ;d'bfosL bf];|L ld; g]kfn ag]sL 5g\ . o;cl3 lnDa" ;d'bfoaf6 k|ltlglwTj dflNjsf ;'Aafn] ul/;s]sL 5g\ .

    gub krf; xhf/ ;lxt ld; g]kfnsf] tfh lht]sL ;'ljgn] of] jif{ cfof]hgf x'g] ld; jN8{df g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{l5g\ . To;} u/]/, km:6{ /g/ck lk|G;f >]i7 / ;]s]G8 /g/ck ;f]gL /fhe08f/L ag]sf 5g\ . of] jif{ cfof]hgf x'g] ld; cy{df lk|G;fn] g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{l5g\ eg] ;f]gLn] ld; OG6/g]zgndf efu lng kfpg] l5g\ .

    w/fg 3/ ePsL of] jif{sL ld; g]kfn ;'ljg xfn k9fOsf] l;nl;nfdf sf7df8f}+df a;f]af; ul//x]sL 5g\ . y]D; sn]hdf aLaLP cWoog ul//x]sL ;'ljg ;g\ @)!) df cfof]lht ld; d+uf]n k|ltof]lutfdf km:6 /g/ck ag]sL lyOg\ . k9fOsf] cnfjf gofF zAbsf] vf]hLdf k|foM /xg] pgsf] k|d'v ?lrsf] ljifo n]vg klg xf] . cfkm"n] b]v]–ef]u]sf oyfy{ n]Vg cf}wL ?lr /fVg] ;'ljg ef]lnsf lbgdf /fd|f] n]vs ag]/ cfpg] k|z:t ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 .

    % lkm6 % OGr cUnL ;'ljgsf] nIo lkmNdnfOg nufotsf UNofd/ If]qeGbf pBdL aGg] /x]sf] 5 . Tof] ;f]rnfO{ cl3 a9fpg vf]hsf] ?kdf cl3 a9\g] qmddf ld; g]kfn x' Fbfsf] If0fdf a]Un} cg'e"lt lbg] u/]sf] oyfy{ atfpg] x/]s o'jtLsf nflu ld; g]kfn Pp6f ;kgf aGg] u/]sf] 5 . ld; g]kfnsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'snfO{ ljZjdf lrgfpg] cfkm\gf] Pp6f leqL rfxgf klg ePsf]n] ld; jN8{df cl3Nnf ld; g]kfnx¿n] agfPsf] :yfgdf yk gofF kl/ro / kx' Fr lbg] k|of; /xg] pgn] atfPsL 5g\ .

    ld; g]kfn ;'ljgsf] ?lr;Fu of] jif{sf] ld; g]kfndf km:6 /g/ck ag]sL lk|G;f >]i7sf] ?lr d]n vfPsf] 5 . lk|G;fnfO{ klg ;'ljgnfO{ h:t} n]vg snf cToGt dg kg]{ ljifo xf] . To;sf] cnfjf ;lkË / :kf]{6\; pgsf] csf]{ ?lrsf] ljifo /x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+sf] afnfh' lgjf;L % lkm6 & OGr prfOsL lk|G;f z+s/b]j SofDk;df aLaLPsf] clGtd jif{df cWoog/t l5g\ . k9fO ;lsgf;fy a}+s tyf kmfOgfG;sf] hflu/] hLjglt/ nfUg] ;f]r agfPsL pgsf] k|d'v p2]Zo g} ;kmn kmfOgfG; Dofg]h/ aGg'

    ld; jN8{dfOzfgLsf] :Yffgut jif{ OG8f]g]l;ofsf] afnLdf cfof]lht ld; jN8{df ld; g]kfn–@)!# OzfgL >]i7 6k kmfOe k'Ug ;Sg' g} 7"nf] ;kmntf xf] . o;cl3 efu lng] k|foM ;a} ld; g]kfn 6k 6\j]G6Ldf klg k'Ug ;s]sf lyPgg\ .

    ld; jN8{sf] ̂ # jif{ nfdf] Oltxf;df ld; g]kfn cfof]hgf x'g yfn]sf] of] jif{af6 @) jif{ k'lu;s]sf] 5 . @) jif{sf] Oltxf;df ut jif{ OzfgLn] kfPsf] ;kmntf P]ltxfl;s g} xf] . o;cl3 s'g} klg ld; g]kfnn] s'g} klg cGt/f{li6«o Ao'6L k]h]G6df Oltxf; /Rg ;kmntf kfPsf lyPgg\ . ld; jN8{df ! ;o @& d'n'ssf ;'Gb/LaLrsf] Ps ;] Ps k|lt:kwf{df ld; g]kfn OzfgL 6k kmfOe;Dd k'Ug' g} 7"nf] uj{sf] ljifo aGg k'Uof] . To;dfly, OzfgLn] ld; jN8{df Ao'6L ljy b k|kf]h Rofn]Gh gfds 6fO6n cjf8{ lht]/ yk Oltxf; /r]sL lyOg\ .

    @se/ :6f]/L

  • May-June 2014 11

    se/ :6f]/L

    xf] . To;sf] nflu xfn s8f d]xgtsf ;fy kl9/x]sf] atfpg] pgdf ;'ljgdf h:t} km:6 /g/ck ePotf a]Un} hf]z b]lvPsf] 5 .

    ld; g]kfn Pp6f Tof] Kn]6kmd{ xf], hxfFaf6 cfkm\gf] cfjfh x/]s ju{;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsg] cleJolQmsf ;fy k|:t't pgL ;g\ @))* df cfof]lht ld; l6g sn]h ljh]tf klg x'g\ . rfxgf ld; g]kfn aGg] lnPsL pgL km:6 /g/ckdf ;Lldt x'g'kbf{ vf;} b'Mv gnfu]sf] atfpFl5g\ .

    ld; g]kfn ;'ljg h:t} ;kmn pBdL aGg] ;f]rdf ;]s]08 /g/ck ag]sL ;f]gL /fhe08f/L klg b]lvPsL 5g\ . % lkm6 % OGr cUnL ;f]gL dfemaf/ kf]v/f lgjf;L x'g\ . o;} jif{ dfq aLaLPsf] cWoog k"/f u/]sL ;f]gL km';{bdf km];g;DaGwL Anux? k9\g cf}wL ?lr /flV5g\ . o;afx]s ;dfh;]jfdf ;d]t ?lr /x]sf] pgn] atfPsL 5g\ .

    ld; g]kfnsf] Oltxf;;g\ !(($ af6 g]kfndf ld; g]kfnsf]

    k|f/De ePsf] xf] . klxnf] ld; g]kfn ?jL /f0ffb]lv kl5Nnf] ld; g]kfn ;'ljg lnDa";Dd !( hgf ld; g]kfn eO;s]sf 5g\ . ld; g]kfnsf] Oltxf; @) jif{ k'lu;s] klg Ps jif{rflxF dfcf]jfbL cj/f]wsf] sf/0f cfof]hgf x'g ;s]g . To;afx]s ld; g]kfnsf] lg/Gt/tf sfod} /x]sf] 5 .

    ld; g]kfn ePkl5 ld; g]kfnn] kfpg] ldl8of se/]hb]lv pgnfO{ ;dfhn] x]g]{ a]Un} 5lj / x}l;otn] ubf{ cGo Ao'6L k]h]G6sf] eGbf ld; g]kfnsf] g]kfndf dxTj a9]sf] b]lvG5 . ld; g]kfn ePkl5 ld; g]kfn x'g] sltkon] ;'ufn] /6]h:tf] 7"nf–7"nf s'/f u/] klg pgLx¿af6 vf;} sfo{ gePsf] ;a}sf] cufl8 5n{ª\u eO;s]sf] 5 . sltko ld; g]kfn cfd ;+rf/df, sf]xL lkmNdnfOgdf t sf]xL 3/ u[x:yafx]ssf 3]/f pgLx¿n] tf]8\g g;s]sf] oyfy{ l5k]sf] 5}g .

    k|foM ld; g]kfnx¿ ld; g]kfnsf] Ps jif] { qmfpg lkl/o8df Jofks rrf{df /xg] u/] klg To;kl5 lj:tf/} rrf{af6 x/fpg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ldl8ofdf g} ePsf]n] klxnf] ld; g]kfn ?jL /f0ff, em/gf ah|frfo{, piff v8\uL, ;'ul/sf s];L, dflNjsf ;'Aaf nufot xfn;Dd klg rrf{d} /lx/x] klg cGo ld; g]kfnx¿ a]Un} sl/o/ tyf 3/hddf hDg yfn]kl5 cf]em]ndf k/]sf] b]lvG5 .

    Zofd :d[t

    ;[li6sf] ;'Gb/ kf6f]n08gdf gl;{ª l8Knf]df cWoog/t ;[li6 >]i7 ld; g]kfn–@)!@ x'g\ . pgsf] d'Vo k|fyldstf dlxnf / afnaflnsf x'g\ . ld; g]kfn x'Fbf kfPsf] /sd h]nsf afnaflnsfnfO{ k'ikf a:g]tn] lbO/x]sf] lzIffdf ;3fpg] ;f]r pgn] agfPsL lyOg\ . t/, pQm /sdnfO{ l;/xfdf clUgkLl8tx¿nfO{ /fxt:j?k k|bfg u/]/ pbfx/0fLo sfo{ pgLaf6 eof] .

    ld; g]kfn / ld; slGkm8]G; ePaf6 k|fKt gub ^) xhf/ tyf n08gaf6 ;+slnt % nfveGbf a9L /sd l;/xf clUgkLl8tnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ;[li6 cfsif{s JolQmTjsL wgL ld; g]kfn x'g\ . ;+ejtM ld; g]kfnsf] xfn;Dds} Oltxf;df cUnL / :df6{ ld; g]kfn ;[li6 g} x'g\ . n08gdf xf]6n Joj;fo ug]{ pgsf lktf O{Zj/ >]i7 5f]/Lsf] rfxgf klxnfb]lv g} g]kfndf /x]sf c;xfo tyf cgfysf] ;]jf ug]{ /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbG5g\ .

    lrtjg gf/fo0fu9 lgjf;L ;[li6 s]xL jif{cufl8 cfkm\gf] hGdynf] lrtjgsf] b]j3f6 3'Dg hfFbf ToxfFl:yt ;fgf] a[4f>ddf Ps cfdfsf] hLjgsf] jf:tljs syf ;'g]/ ddf{xt ag]sL lyOg\ . b]j3f6 3'Dg hfcf}+ eg]/ 5f]/fa'xf/Ln] g} NofP/ tL cfdfnfO{ ToxL+ 5f8]/ 5f]/fa'xf/L a]kQf ag] . cem} klg tL 5f]/fa'xf/L kms{g] cfzfdf a;]sL tL cfdfnfO{ pgn] la;]{sL 5}gg\ . To;sf/0f klg lgs6 eljiodf a[4f>d t xf]Og, tL cfdfx¿sf] nflu ;j{;DkGg 3/ agfP/ cf>o lbg] pgsf] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

  • h]7 @)&!12

    ;d/km];gsf]

    ;do

    km];g

  • May-June 2014 13

    km];g

    dxz'/ km];g l8hfOg/x¿n] eg]sf 5g\– UNofd/ If]qdf km];gsf] 7"nf] cy{ x'G5 . To;}n] t km];g UNofd/sf] Ps lx:;f xf] . rlr{t km];g l8hfOg/ /fNkm nfp/]gn] eg]sf 5g\– …d n'ufx¿sf] l8hfOg ulb{gF, d ;kgfx¿sf] l8hfOg u5'{ . n'ufsf] ;f}v eg]sf] ;kgfx¿sf] k|of]u xf] .Ú km];g o'jfo'jtLsf] pd]/sf] rfxgf / ;f}v dfq xf]Og, ;kgf klg xf] . To;}n] t df};d cg';f/ zx/ /+lug / cfsif{s b]lvg ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . udL{sf] kf/f] psfnf] nfUb} ubf{, sk8frflxF z/L/af6 cf]/fnf] nfU5g\ . zx/df b]lvg yfn]sf] b[Zo ;d/ rl9;s]sf] ;+s]t xf] .

    km];g ;docg';f/sf] nufO{ / tl/sf dfq xf]Og, Pp6f ;kgf klg xf] . UNofd/ If]qdf xf]ldPsfx¿sf] ;kgf zx/df lelqPsf, ljZjdf b]lvPsf gofF km];g;Fu glhs /xg' / To;nfO{ pkof]u ug'{ xf] . …UNofd/ lkmN8df vf]hL gofF km];gsf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 . /, of] df};dcg';f/ g} kl/jt{g eO/xG5Ú, df]8n cle?lr a'9fyf]sL elG5g\, …;d/ km];gsf] dhf g} a]Un} x'G5 .Ú vf;u/L ;d/ km];g nf]s]zgcg';f/sf] x'g] pgsf] dfGotf 5 . ylK5g\, …7fpF x]/]/ x'G5, lbpF;f] s] nufpg] < kf6L{df hfFbf s:tf]df hfg] < clg cGo ljz]if sfo{qmddf s:tf] b]lvg] .Ú c:ktfndf hflu/];d]t /x]sL pgL km];g]jn b]lvg ;d/df ;f/L Hofbf nufpg] ul5{g\ . elG5g\, …of] ;bfaxf/ b]lvG5, clg km];g]jn klg b]lvG5 .Ú

    gofF klx/gsf] l;h{gf df};dcg';f/ gofF 9+uaf6 x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To;sf] k|of]un] klg Jofkstf kfpg] u/]sf] 5 . km];g klx/g nufpgsf nflu dfq xf]Og, To;sf] k|efjsf nflu klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sL df]8n nonfn] eg]sL 5g\– …cfh d 7Ls 5', ef]ln 7Ls x'g]5, clg kl;{ emg} 7Ls b]lvg]5' . Ps jif{df tkfO{+x¿n] dnfO{ km/s–km/s b]Vg'x'g]5 .Ú nonf UNofd/ If]qdf klx/gsf] 7"nf] dxTj x'g] pNn]v ul5{g\ .

    olta]nf g]kfn udL{sf] k|efjaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+b]lv kf]v/f / w/fg;Dd plQs} udL{] 5 .

    ;+uLtsf/x¿sf] ;d/ km];g;d/ l;hg cyf{t\ udL{ ofdsf af/]df ;a}sf cf–cfkm\gf wf/0ff x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5. g]kfnL ;d;fdlos ;f+uLlts If]qsf x:tLx? klg o; ;d/ l;hgaf6 sfdljz]ifsf qmddf x}/fgL aGg] u/]sf 5g\. ;d/ cg'ej / ;d/ km];gdf g]kfnL ;f+uLlts If]qsf x:tLx? hog ;'Aaf dfgGw/;Fu o;/L v'n] M

    zDe'hLt af:sf]6f ;d/ l;hgdf dnfO{ nfO6 sn/sf]

    klx/gx? k|of]u ug{ dg k5{ . nfO6 sn/sf] ;6{ Pj+ l6;6{;Fu lhG; k]G6 nufpg] u5'{ . sfo{qmdx?df hfFbf d kmd{neGbf ;]dL kmd{n klx/g g} k|of]u ug{ ?rfpF5' . clkml;on k|f]u|fd tyf kf6L{x?df eg] ;'6 g} nufpg] u5'{ . PS;];l/hx?df dnfO{ a|fG8]8 g} dgk5{ . d;Fu a|fG8]8 38Lx?sf] /fd|}} sn]S;g 5 . k|foM d l;sf] 38L nufpg] u5'{ . gfOs d]/f] dgkg]{ a|fG8df k5{. xfn cfP/ dnfO{ hf/f a|fG8 klg dg kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . dnfO{ Aof6«Ln] rNg]eGbf c6f]d]l6s 38L dg k5{ . of] ;d/ l;hgdf PS;];l/h eGg' kbf{ d uuN; /]u'n/ g} k|of]u u5'{ . km];gnfO{ d}n] /fd|/L a'́ ]sf] 5' . cfkm"nfO{ ;'xfpg] Pjd\ cfkm\gf] k|f]km]zgcg';f/ klx/gx? nufpg] u5'{ . of] ;d/ l;hgdf d}n] cfkm\gf nflu …s'n n'sÚ kfpg] ;d/sf]6x? agfPsf] 5' . d o'jf cj:yfdf km];g]an g} lyPF . Tolta]nf rn]sf] km];g v'a kmnf] ul/GYof] . xfn cfP/ Tolt km];g gu/] klg cfkm"nfO{ ;'xfpFbf] klx/grflx+ ldnfP/ g} nufpg] u5'{ . cfkm"n] k|of]u ug]{ klx/gx?sf] sn/ slDag];gdf klg plQs} ;r]t 5' . udL{ df};ddf d uuN; slxNo} 5'6fpFlbg .

    Gx\o" jh|frfo{hlt udL{ a9\5, d Tolt g} nfO6 sn/sf]

    klx/gx? k|of]u ug]{ u5'{ . :sfO{ An', XjfO6, lqmdh:tf sn/sf] ;6{, s'tf{ Pj+ 6L;6{x? d ANofs Pjd\ An' lhG; k]G6;Fu nufpg] u5'{ . kf6L{ Pj+ kmª\S;gdf eg] w]/}h;f] ;'6sf] g} k|of]u x'G5 . ;'6 nufpFbf dnfO{ 6fO{ rflx+ dgkb}{g To;}n] e/;s 6fO{ rflx+ k|of]u ulb{g . a]nfavt a'l6ssf] kf]zfsx? klg k|of]u u5'{ t/ s'g} ljz]if cj;/x?df dfq . lxhf]cfh dnfO{ rfOlgh unf ePsf] s'tf{ v'a dg kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . of] ;d/df lhG;;Fu k|foM d s'tf{x? g} k|of]u ug]{ u5'{ . 6L;6{ nufpg'k/]df /fp08 z]k unf ePsf] cyjf sn/ gePsf] 6L;6{x? g} dnfO{ dgk5{ . udL{df d a9L nfO6 sn;{x? XjfO6, lqmd Pj+ :sfO{ An' k|of]u u5'{ . o;k6ssf] ljb]z e|d0fsf] qmddf d]/f rfOlgh ;fyLx?n] rfOlgh unf ePsf] 8«];x? w]/} g} lukm\6 lbPsf 5g\, tL klx/gx? o;kflnsf] ;d/df dHhfn] k|of]u ug]{ ;f]r agfPsf] 5' . km]lasdf s6g g} /f]H5' . 3fdaf6 hf]lug ;g Ans nf]zg klg nufpF5' . PS;];l/hdf d r:dfsf] Psbd} ;f}lvg 5' . d;Fu a|fG8]8 r:dfsf] /fd|f] sn]S;g 5 t/ /]ag a|fG8 d]/f] cn6fOd km]e/]6 a|fG8df k5{ . r:df w]/} x/fpg] ePsf]n] d}n] 3/df g} /fVg] u5'{ . 38L d cf]d]uf a|fG8sf] nufpF5' .

    May-June 2014 13

  • h]7 @)&!14

    df};dsf] k|efj Psflt/ al9/xFbf l:jd;'6b]lv, jfg lk; / 6' kL;x¿ b]lvg' :jfefljs alg/xG5 . kftnf l6;6{x¿ :jfefljs klx/g alg;s]sf 5g\ . udL{ 5Ng 5f]6f / kftnf sk8f nufpg]x¿n] cfw'lgs km];gnfO{ klg ;xh ¿kdf pkof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . …;d/ km];gdf kg]{ o:tf sk8fx¿sf] laqmL, agfpg] tl/sf rln/xG5 .Ú sf7df8f}+df a'l6s ;~rfng ul//x]sL sljtf cfrfo{ elG5g\– …udL{df o'jtLx¿sf km];gsf cg]s l8hfOgx¿ cfpg yfn]sf 5g\, gofF l8hfOgdf kftnf sk8fx¿sf] l8dfG8 al9/x]sf] 5 .Ú pgL h]G6n ;]S;L b]lvg]x¿ eg] ;f/Lsf] k|of]u Hofbf ug]{ atfpFl5g\ . …;f/L clxn] g]kfnL ahf/sf] ;d/ km];gsf] gofF l8hfOg x'g yfn]sf] 5,Ú cfrfo{n] elgg\ .

    km];g l8hfOg/ hf]g j];n]n] …klx/gsf] ;jfndf ltdL slxn] klxnf] gx'g' / clGtd klg gx'g'Ú eg]h:tf] 5}g, ;d/ km];gsf] l:ylt . ;d/ ;'? gx'Fb} ;d/ km];gsf] rNtLn] zx/nfO{ /+ufO;s]sf] 5 . UNofd/nfO{ ;kgf agfpg]x¿ klx/gsf] ;f}vnfO{ ;dofg's"n g} b]vfpg ?rfpF5g\ . udL{df vf;u/L o'jtLx¿ n'h ;6{ nª l8hfOg, lk|m a]N6 l6–;6{, lskmf]g ;6{, s6g ;6{ ufpgk|lt ;fdfGotof cfslif{t x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . of] zx/df clxn] rn]sf gofF l8hfOg dflgG5g\ . …xfkm kfOG6, x6 kfOG6 l6;6{ ;d/ km];gsf sdg Snf]ysf ?kdf dflgG5g\Ú, df]8n cfzf uf}td elG5g\, …Tof]eGbf :k];Llkms k|f]u|fd / 7fpF x]/]/ x'G5 .Ú

    ;d/ km];gsf 8]«;ckx¿sf] l8hfOg dfq gofF x'Fb}gg\, tL l8hfOgsf /+ux¿n] klg k|efljt kfb{5g\ . :sfO{ An', XjfO6, lk+s sn/sf h'g;'s} k|sf/sf 8«];x¿sf] cfsif{0fsf ¿kdf b]lvg] u/]sf 5g\ . zx/df gofF km];gsf] rrf{;Fu} nx/ rNg' :jfefljs eP klg dxz'/ n]vs ln ldN8gn] eg]sf 5g\, …olb tkfO{+n] ;'Gb/ d':sfg lbg'ePsf] 5 eg] dfG5]n] tkfO{+sf] k/Dk/fut klx/gsf] jf:tf ub}{gg\ .Ú t/, zx/df clxn] ;d/ km];gs} rrf{ Hofbf 5 .

    ljgf]b 9sfn

    ;d/ km];g

    dx]z v8\sfof] ;d/ l;hgsf nflu d]/f] klxnf]

    RjfO; eg]sf] XjfO6 sn/ xf] . ;s];Dd d XjfO6 sn/sf] k|of]unfO{ g} k|fyldstf lbG5' . lsgls XjfO6 sn/n] zLtntf k|bfg u5{ ;fy} udL{sf] nflu of] sn/ kkm]{S6 klg dflgG5 . XjfO6afx]s dnfO{ cGo nfO6 sn;{x? klg dg k5{ . To;df lqmd, n]dg u|Lg, nfO6 a|fpg Pj+ /]8 a9L dg k5{ . d

    vf;} km];g]an dfG5] xf]Og t/ To;f] eGb}df km];gnfO{ kmnf] gug]{ klg xf]Og . rn]sf] l8hfOgcg';f/ dfs]{6df cfPsf gofFgofF klx/gx? klg nufpg] u5'{ t/ >LdtLsf] RjfO;df . cfkm" k|foh;f] /]sl8{ªdf g} Jo:t x'g] ePsf]n] d}n] k|of]u ug]{ klx/gx? d]/L >LdtLn] g} lsg]/ NofOlbg] ul5{\g\ . 6L;6{ s6g ;6{ Pj lhG; of] ;d/df d}n] /]u'n/ k|of]u ug]{ klx/gx? x'g\ . kl;gf ;f]:g] s6g km]la|sx? of] l;hgdf kkm]{S6 x'G5 . kfl/jfl/s hd36, lax] ef]het]/df d}n] nfpg] eg]sf] ;'6 g} xf] . PS;];l/hsf] dnfO{ Tolt ?lr 5}g To;}n] d r:df, 38L, Sofk xtkt nufpFlbg . dnfO{ nfU5 ;do, 7fpF, df};d, pd]/ ;a} ljrf/ k'¥ofP/ km]zg ug'{ /fd|f] xf] . To;df rn]sf] km];gnfO{ kmnf] t ug'{ g} k5{ . ;d/ l;hgdf kl;gf a9L cfpg] x'gfn] s6gsf] ?dfn slxn] klg 5'6fpFlbg .

    sfnLk|;fb af:sf]6f d km];geGbf a9L sDkm6{df ljZjf;

    u5'{ . cfkm\gf] sfdsf] nflu s'g klx/g k|of]u ubf{ sDkm6{ x'G5, d}n] k|of]u ug]{ klx/g To;df a9L kmf]s; x'G5 . kmd{neGbf klg Sofh'j]n Pj ;]ldkmd{n klx/gx? g} w]/} k|of]u ul/G5 . lhG; d]/f] ;bfaxf/ dgkg]{ klx/g xf] . XjfO6, /]8, ANofs, u|] d]/f] dgkg]{ sn;{x?df kg{ cfpF5 . d Tolt km]zg]an

    5}g t/ cfkm"n] k|of]u ug]{ klx/gx? / sn;{x?df ;w}+ ;r]t x'G5' . s'g 7fpFdf, s'g ;dodf s:tf] klx/g k|of]u ug]{ Tof] s'/f d}n] /fd|/L g} a'´]sf] 5' . xNsf rn]sf] 6«]08 klg kmnf] ul/G5 . ;d/df dnfO{ a|fO6 sn;{x? klg v'a dg k5{ . a|fO6 sn;{sf] kf]nf] /fp08 ;]ksf] 6L;6{x?;Fu lhG; nufpg dnfO{ Psbd} dgk5{, h'g d /]u'n/ g} k|of]u u5'{ . kf6L{ Pjd\ kmª\S;gx?df dnfO{ ;]ldkmd{n 8«];x? g} nufpg dg k5{ . k"/} kmd{n 8«]; e/;s nufpFlbg . d a? /km 6fOk Pj gd{n u]6ck g} cfkm"nfO{ sDkm6{ dx;'; u5'{ . km];gn] JolQmTj ́ NsfpF5, c?df´ cfkm" cfsif{s b]lvg km]zg ;w}+ ;xof]uL x'G5, of] s'/fdf d ;xdt 5' t/ d]/f] klxnf] k|fyldstf eg]sf] g} sDkm6{ xf] . d Tolt a|fG8 sG;; klg 5}g . df};dcg';f/ cfkm"nfO{ ;'xfpg] klx/gx? g} k|of]u ug]{ u5'{, To;df ;:tf] klg x'G5 / dxFuf] klg . cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]kl5 d ;:tf] dxFuf] eGg] ;f]lRbgF . ;d/df dnfO{ s'n n's dgk5{ / To;}df g} cfkm"nfO{ kmf]s; u5'{ . PS;];l/hdf d /]ag Unf; g} k|of]u u5'{ . dnfO{ nfU5 :6fOn c?sf] skL ug'{eGbf cfkm\gf] g} km];g :6]6d]G6 agfpg' /fd|f] xf] . udL{ df};ddf w'nf], udL{, 3fd, xfjf ;a}af6 hf]lugsf nflu udL{ df};ddf d ljG8lr6/ slxn] klg 5'6fpFlbg .

    h]7 @)&!14

  • May-June 2014 15

  • h]7 @)&!16

    9'ª\u}–9'ª\ufsf afSn} 3/x¿ ePsf ;'Gb/ u'?ª ufFpx¿df dfq x}g kf]v/f / jl/kl/ x/]s xKtfh:tf] cf–cfkm\gf kf]zfsdf ;lhPsf hghflt cg'xf/ PS;g / s6sf] Ozf/fdf clego k:sG5g\ . cfkm\gf] efiff / ;+:s[ltsf lkmNdx¿ kbf{df x]g{ dlxgfdf Ps÷b'O{ j6f lkmNd xndf bz{ssf] eL8 g} nfU5 . hxfF afnsb]lv j[4x¿ klg cfkm\gf] hflt cg';f/sf] kf]zfsdf 7fFl6P/ k'Ug] u5{g\ .

    To;f] t lkmNdsf] nflu ge} gx'g] ynf] xf] kf]v/f . jif{el/ lgdf{0f x'g]dWo] cfwfhlt

    kf]v/fdf g} ;'l6ª x'G5 . sf7df8f}+kl5 lkmNdL ultljlw a9L x'g] zx/ kf]v/f xf] . kf]v/fd} lgdf{0f ePsf tL lkmNdx¿ k|bz{g gx'g] ;fob} s'g} dlxgf xf]nf . kf]v/f ko{6g;Fu} lkmNdsf nflu klg rlr{t dflgG5 . lkmNdL ko{6gsf nflu klg nf]slk|o oxfF lgdf{0f x'g] u/]sf ljleGg hfthflt tyf efiffefifLsf lkmNdnfO{ klg bz{sn] v'a} dg k/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ljz]ifu/L hghfltsf ;+:s[lt, snf, efiff, ;+:sf/, kf]zfs, uLt;+uLt nufotnfO{ s]lGb|t u/L lkmNd lgdf{0f x'g] qmd a9\bf] 5 .

    ;+:s[lt hu]gf{, dgf]/~hg;Fu} klxrfg / ljrf/ lgdf{0f tL lkmNdsf d'Vo ljifo

    lkmNdgu/L kf]v/flkmNdgu/L kf]v/fdx]zs'df/ vftL

    kf]v/f ko{6g;Fu} lkmNdsf nflu klg rlr{t dflgG5.

    jif{el/ lgdf{0f x'g]dWo] cfwfhlt kf]v/fdf g}

    ;'l6ª x'G5. sf7df8f}+kl5 lkmNdL ultljlw a9L x'g]

    zx/ kf]v/f xf]. kf]v/fd} lgdf{0f ePsf

    tL lkmNdx¿ k|bz{g gx'g] ;fob} s'g} dlxgf xf]nf.

    kf]v/f

  • May-June 2014 17

    kf]v/f

    MMMaMaMaMaMaMaMaMaMaaaMaMMaMaMaMaMaMMaMaMMaaMaaaMaMaMaaMMaMaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay-y-y-yy-y--y-yyy-y-yy-y JJJJJJJuuuJuJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ nenenee 2 2 2010101001000011111114444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 171171717117

    x'g\ . kf]v/fdf ljz]ifu/L u'?ª hflt;Fu ;DalGwt lkmNdx¿ a9L ag] klg du/, tfdfª, g]jf/L lkmNd klg aGg] u/]sf 5g\ . u'?ª lkmNdsdL{x¿ ;+ul7t eP/ lgdf{0fdf h'6]sf 5g\ eg] cGo hflt klg ToxL af6f] kR5\ofpg] qmddf 5g\ . u'?ª lkmNd Pzf]l;o;g g]kfnsf lgjt{dfg cWoIf dfcf]T;] u'?ª kf]v/fdf /x]/ snf, ;+:s[lt, efiffnfO{ s]lGb|t u/L df}lns lkmNd agfPsf] atfpF5g\ .

    …;+:s[ltnfO{ arfO/fVg xfdLn] lkmNd agfO{ hgtf;dIf k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+Ú, tLg j6f lkmNd lgb]{zg ul/;s]sf snfsf/ ;d]t /x]sf pgn] eg]– …xfdLn] df}lns lkmNd agfO/x]sf 5f}+ .Ú hfthflt tyf efiffefifLsf ;+:s[lt, snf, k/Dk/f, tyf ;+:sf/df s]lGb|t lkmNdx¿nfO{ /fHon] ;xof]u ug]{ atfP klg lkmNdsdL{n] eg] lgdf{0f tyf k|bz{gdf s]xL ;x'lnot kfPsf 5}gg\ . …nf]kf]Gd'v snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf /fHon] ug'{kg]{ sfd xfdLn] u/]sf 5f}+Ú, u'?ªn] eg]– …t/ /fHon] s]xL klg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5}g .Ú

    @)%@ ;fndf ag]sf] klxnf] u'?ª ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t kft] -dfOnL_ b]lv ev{/ k|bz{gdf cfPsf] dfF -cfdf_;Ddn] ;+:s[lt / snf ;+/If0f;Fu} cfkm\gf] klxrfgsf] vf]hL kbf{df u/]sf 5g\ . ltgfuf -cfhef]ln_, td' Xo'n -u'?ª /fHo_, lw+ -3/_, z}+ -dg_, 3n]s -b ;fOg ckm ne_, ª\N:of] -;f]lN6gL_, ldNsL -rf]vf]dfof_ nufotsf lkmNddf u'?ª ;+:s[lt / snf dfq ;d]l6Psf 5}gg\ klxrfg / ljrf/ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . :yfgLo snfsf/n]

    a9L clegog ug]{ lkmNd sl/a % nfvb]lv #) nfv;Ddsf] nufgLdf lgdf{0f x'G5g\ .

    kf]v/fdf lkmNdsdL{ klg a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . d"nwf/sf lkmNdx¿ klg kf]v/fdf v'a} ;'l6ª x'G5g\ . oxfFs} Joj;foL ldn]/ d"nwf/s} lkmNd aGg] qmd klg aflSnFb} uPsf] 5 . s]xL xKtfcl3 dfq rlr{t cleg]tf cfo{g l;Ub]n d'Vo snfsf/ /x]sf] …gfOs]Úsf] kf]v/fdf 5fof+sg ;lsPsf] 5 . o; lkmNddf /]d la=s, af]w/fh /]UdL nufotn] clego u/]sf 5g\ . cGo lkmNd aGg] qmd a9\b} uPsf] 5 kf]v/fdf .

    cflbjf;L hghfltsf lx;fan] kf]v/f / j/k/ u'?ª hfltsf] pNn]Vo a;f]af; eP klg cGo hfthfltsf lkmNdx¿ aGg] qmd klg aflSnb} uPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf u'?ª, du/, tfdfª, g]jf/ nufotsf hfthfltsf ;+:s[lt tyf efiffefifLdf cfwfl/t lkmNd aGg] qmd Xjft} a9]sf] xf] . oL;Fu} g]kfnL efiffdf /fhwfgLdf h:t} lkmNdx¿ klg oxfF gag]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . d"nwf/sf elgPsf h:t} cGo lkmNdx¿ klg kf]v/fdf lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . u'?ª ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t lkmNd;Fu} g]kfnL lkmNd klg alg/x]sf 5g\ kf]v/fdf .

    k'/} u'?ª efiff / g]kfnL efiffsf u'?ª ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t lkmNd nueu cfwfcfwL lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . …kf]v/fdf aGg] u/]sf u'?ª efiffsf / ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t g]kfnL lkmNdx¿ cfkm\gf] snf / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{df s]lGb|t 5g\Ú, sl/a !% hfthfltsf lkmNdsf gfos udg 3n]n] eg]–…ljleGg hfthfltsf efiff tyf ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t kf]v/fdf aGg]

    kf]v/fdf ljz]ifu/L u'?ª hflt;Fu ;DalGwt lkmNdx¿ a9L ag] klg du/, tfdfª, g]jf/L lkmNd klg aGg] u/]sf 5g\. oxfF lgdf{0f x'g]

    u/]sf ljleGg hfthflt tyf efiffefifLsf

    lkmNdnfO{ klg bz{sn] v'a} dg k/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

  • h]7 @)&!18

    lkmNdn] dgf]/~hg;Fu} ljrf/ lgdf{0f ug{df 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ .Ú

    u'?ª ;+:s[lt / efiffdf dfq} 5j6f lkmNd agfPsf lgb]{zs nf]saxfb'/ u'?ª u'?ª ;+:s[lt eg]/ d"nwf/sf h:tf dfq lkmNd agfpg gx'g]df hf]8 lbG5g\ . …u'?ªsf] ;+:s[ltdf eg]/, alnp8sf h:tf !) j6f df]6/;fOsn p8fP/ lx/f]n] ;of}+nfO{ dfg]{ lkmNd agfOg' x'Gg eGg] dnfO{ nfU5Ú, pgn] eg]– …u'?ª ;+:s[lt, efiff, klxrfg tyf ;+:sf/ hf]ufO/fVg u'?ª a:tLsf jf:tljstfnfO{ syfdf 9fNg'k5{, bz{snfO{ b]vfOg'k5{ .Ú

    u'?ª lkmNdsf] d'Vo ahf/ klg kf]v/f g} xf] . d"nwf/sf rnlrqnfO{ em}+ b]zJofkL lkmNd l/lnh gu/L kf]v/fnufot b]zsf ljleGg 7fpF / ljb]zdf ;d]t Rofl/6L zf] u/L lkmNdsf] nufgL p7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ oxfFsf lkmNdsdL{n] . tL lkmNd tyf oxfFsf w]/}h;f] snfsf/x¿ klg Jofj;flos aGb} uPsf 5g\ .

    …lkmNdx¿ df}lns x'g'k5{, xfdLn] kf]v/fd a;]/ :yfgLo ljifonfO{ syf agfP/ lkmNd agfO/x]sf 5f}+, ltgn] ;Gb]z / dgf]/~hg kof{Kt lbPsf 5g\Ú, lgb]{zs s[i0fs'df/ u'?ªn] eg]– …lkmNdn] a9L ;Gb]z lbg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf /fV5' d, ;dfhdf s]lGb|t lkmNd eP eg] dfq bz{ssf] dg 5'G5 .Ú pgn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] td' Xo'nf -u'?ª /fHo_ ;+3Lotfsf] d'2f p7]sf] a]nfdf ut jif{ k|bz{gdf cfPsf] lyof] .

    w]/}h;f]n] ;+:s[lt / snf;Fu}

    dgf]/~hgk"0f{ x'g'kg]{ ljrf/ /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ . rnlrqsdL{ oxL If]qdf Jofj;flos klg ag]sf 5g\ . @)^$ ;fnb]lv o; If]qdf nfuL % j6f lkmNddf gflosfsf] clego u/]sL hz' u'?ª /+uLg If]qdf Jofj;flos ag]sf] atfpFl5g\ . …d k"0f{ ?kdf u'?ª lkmNdx¿df Jofj;flos 5'Ú, s]xL Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zg klg ul/;s]sL pgn] elgg\– …;Gb]z;Fu} dgf]/~hgo'Qm lkmNddf sfd u/]sL 5', Pp6f snfsf/n] ;a} e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ .Ú

    ;'?b]lv g} ;+:s[ltk|wfg lkmNdx¿ lgdf{0f ePsf hfthflt tyf efiff s]lGb|t lkmNddf kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;a} ljljwtf yk]/ lgdf{0f klg x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . lgb]{zs lk|td u'?ª dgf]/~hg;Fu} ;xL ;Gb]z lkmNdn] lbg'kg]{df hf]8 lbG5g\ . …;'?df ;+:s[ltnfO{ dfq s]lGb|t u/L lkmNdx¿ ag] klg ;a} ljljwtf ykL lgdf{0f ug]{ u/]sf 5f}+Ú, #@ j6f lkmNddf snfsf/ tyf lgb]{zs eP/ sfd u/]sf pgn] eg]– …;do;fk]If lkmNd aGg'k5{, xfd|f] ahf/ kf]v/f;Fu} ljb]z klg xf] .Ú

    lkmNdsdL{ o'u u'?ªn] /fd|f / cfkm\g} syfa:t'df lkmNd agfOg'kg]{df hf]8 lbP . …xfd|} ufpFa:tLsf syfj:t' lkmNddf cfpg'k5{, cGo xf]OgÚ sl/a $ j6f lkmNddf lgb]{zg tyf cGo sfd u/]sf tyf kf]v/f lkmNd ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIf;d]t /x]sf pgn] eg]– …kf]v/f, sf7df8f}+;lxt b]zsf cGo zx/ / ljb]zsf xªsª, o's] tyf vf8L d'n's nufgL p7fpg] ahf/ xf] .Ú

    u'?ª lkmNdsf] d'Vo ahf/ kf]v/f g} xf].

    d"nwf/sf rnlrqnfO{ em} b]zJofkL lkmNd

    l/lnh gu/L kf]v/fnufot b]zsf ljleGg 7fpF / ljb]zdf

    ;d]t Rofl/6L zf] u/L lkmNdsf] nufgL p7fpg] u/]sf 5g\

    oxfFsf lkmNdsdL{n]. tL lkmNd tyf oxfFsf w]/}h;f] snfsf/x¿ klg Jofj;flos aGb} uPsf 5g\.

    w]/}h;f]n] ;+:s[lt / snf;Fu} dgf]/~hgk"0f{

    x'g'kg]{ ljrf/ /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ .

    kf]v/f

  • May-June 2014 19

    w/fg

    7"nf] xf];\ of ;fgf] kbf{df cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ b]lvPkl5 g]kfnsf snfsf/x¿ Tolts} klg /dfpF5g\ . pgLx¿df Pskl5 csf]{ lkmNddf v]Ng kfOG5 ls kfOFb}g eGg] lrGtf x'G5 . t/ ev{/} dfq l/lnh ePsf] lkmNd gf]e]Da/ /]gdf 8]Ao' u/]sL gflosf 5'lN7d u'?ª eg] lkmNddf v]Ng] ckm/ cfP klg ca 7"nf] kbf{sf] rnlrqdf gv]Ng] ePsL l5g\ . u'?ª cfkm\gf] klxnf] lkmNd ;kmntfaf6 pT;flxt eP klg 7"nf] kbf{sf] lkmNddf gv]Ng] atfpFl5g\ . lkmNd k|j4{gsf nflu w/fgsf] u0f]z 6flsh xndf cfOk'u]sL 5'lN7dn] x6 g]kfn;Fu elgg\– …8]Ao' lkmNd g} d]/f] clGtd lkmNd xf], d ca /]l8of], l6eLdf g} kms{+b} 5', dfG5]sf] cfkm\gf] /f]hfO / ;f]rfO x'G5, d ldl8of If]qnfO{ 5f]8\g rfxGg .Ú lkmNd ;'l6ªsf] nflu xKtf}+;Dd clNemg'kbf{ cfkgf] klxnf] /f]hfO /]l8of] l6eLaf6 6fl9g'kg]{ ePsf]n] klg lkmNd If]qnfO{ 5f]8\g nfu]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . 7"nf] ;fgf] kbf{ b'j} cfddflg;;Fu hf]8\g] dfWod ePsf]n] s'g} km/s gkg{] pgsf] a'emfO 5 . …7"nf] ;fgf] kbf{ eGg] xf]Og d'Vo s'/f klAns;Fu hf]l8g] xf] . dnfO{ ;fgf] kbf{df v]Ng g} dgk5{,Ú pgn] elgg\– …clxn] eGg] xf] eg] d csf]{ lkmNd v]Ng rfxGg, gf]e]Da/ /]gs} Xofª cf]e/ 5Fb} 5 .Ú ljutdf pgL uf]/vf PkmPd / g]kfn jfg l6ledf sfo{qmd k|:tf]tf lyOg\ . ;fy} pgn] $ bh{geGbf a9L Do'lhs lel8of]df ;d]t sfd ul/;s]sL l5g\ .

    ;f]xg >]i7

    5'lN7dn] 7"nf] kbf{df gv

    ]Ng]

    May-June 2014 19

  • h]7 @)&!20

  • May-June 2014 21

    a|flhndf x'g] km'6ansf] jN8{sknfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ sf]l/ofsf] x'G8fO{ sDkgLsf ;a} sf/df aDk/ pkxf/ of]hgf /flvPsf] 5 . cfufdL tLg dlxgfleq x'G8fO{sf sf/ lsGg]x¿ dWo]af6 Ps hgfnfO{ nSsL–8«af6 x'G8fO{n] jN8{sk x'g nfu]sf] a|flhn nfg] ePsf] 5 . nSsL–8«af6 a|flhn hfg] efUodfgL sf/ vl/bstf{sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ sDkgLn] g} a]xf]g] { hfgsf/L g]kfnsf nflu x'G8fO{ sDkgLsf] cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf nIdL OG6/slG6g]G6n k|f=ln=sf ;]N; d]g]h/ lbk]zdfg zfSon] atfP . sf/ ahf/df x'G8fO{sf sf/x¿sf] clws dfu /x]sf] bfaL ;d]t d]g]h/ zfSosf] 5 .

    x'G8fO{n] NofPsf] Ocf]g, ;]G6«f], cfOPncf], u|fG8, cfO–@), e]gf{, OnfG6«f, e]nf]:6/, ;f]gf6f, 6S;g / ;G6«f–km] a|fG8sf sf/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] a9L /f]hfOdf ;]G6«f] sf/ k/]sf] 5 . h'g sf/nfO{ w]/} g]kfnL dlxnf ;]lna|]6Ln] klg vl/b ul/;s]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . h;sf] xfnsf] ahf/ d"No !( nfv $^ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 .

    To;} u/]/, k'?ifx¿sf] zfgsf] ljifo aGg yfn]sf] uf8Ldf x'G8fO{s} 6S;g ag]sf] 5 . h'g ;jf{lws laqmL x'g] df]8ndf dflgG5 . h;sf] l;;L / df]8n x]/]/ rf/yl/sf] ahf/ d"No /flvPsf] 5 . ^( nfv (^ xhf/ b]lv ** nfv (^ xhf/;Dd d"No /x]sf] 5 .

    x'G8fO{sf] jN8{sk of]hgf

    c6f]

    sf/x¿fx¿sf] h'g n] klg sf] hf/

    o aGgg]sf] ndf /]/

    5 . (^

    /f

    f,

    ¿

  • h]7 @)&!22

    jif{sf] r9\bf] pd]/df ;d]t ts8f b]lvPsf k|ltli7t Joj;foL Pjd\ ;dfh;]jL df]ltnfn l;Nksf/ o;f] x'g'df cfkm\gf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r g} xf] eG5g\ . slxn] klg gsf/fTds ;f]r dgdf gNofPsf df]ltnfnnfO{ b'O{ jif{cufl8 lgdf]lgof eP/ c:ktfn a;]sf] afx]s la/fdL ePsf] ;Demgf 5}g\ . PskN6 eLd/yf/f]x0f ;d]t eO;s]sf pgL x/]s laxfg p7\gf;fy Ps 306fhlt ljkZogf Wofg ug]{ u5{g\ . WofgnfO{ g} of]usf] ¿kdf lng] pgnfO{ Wofgn] g} x/kn tGb'?:tL kfg]{ u/]sf] bfaL u5{g\ .

    $# jif{cufl8 hfpnfv]n lgjf;af6 e}+;]kf6L;Ddsf] & lsnf]ld6/ bu'/]/ x/]s laxfg zf/Ll/s cEof; ug]{ df]ltnfnsf] cg'ejdf Tof] a]nfdf af6f]3f6f] tyf jftfj/0f cToGt ;kmf lyof] . ;kmf–;'Gb/ jftfj/0fn] Tof] a]nfsf dflg;nfO{ :j:y agfpg] u/]sf] atfpg] df]ltnfnsf] afNosfn ljBfnosf] k9fOdf eGbf a9L ;f+:s[lts afBafbgdf lqmofzLn eP/} laTof] . To;dfly, k'Vof}{nL sfi7snfsf] ;LknfO{ ltvfg{df tNnLg ePsf tL lbgnfO{ ;Demgf ubf{ cfgGb

    hLjgz}nL

    r9\bf] pd]/ a9\bf] pT;fx*) kfl/jfl/s k/Dk/fut l;NkL

    snfnfO{ :jb]zb]lv ljb]z;Dd plQs} lj:tf/ ug{ ;kmn df]ltnfn ljleGg :s'n, ;+3–;+:yf, wfld{s ljxf/ nufotdf ;+:yfks ag]/

    ;fdflhs sfo{df klg ;lqmo 5g\. To;}n] pgsf] csf]{ kl/ro k|ltli7t

    ;dfh;]jL klg aGg k'u]sf] 5. r9\bf] pd]/;Fu} a9\bf] pT;fxdf hLjgnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg

    ;kmn pgn] afFr'Gh]n ;a}sf] lxt ug]{ sfo{df ;bf /xg]

    k|lta4tf;d]t hgfpF5g\.

    h]7 @)&!22

    t:jL/ M cfzfsfhL dx

    h{g

  • May-June 2014 23

    hLjgz}nL

    dfGg] pgs} zAbdf eGg] xf] eg], z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] xsdf ;fdfGo lzIff afx]s 5}g .

    c+u|]hL / g]kfnL efiff n]Vg] / af]Ng] 1fg ePsf] eGg ?rfpg] df]ltnfnsf] hGd !((! ;fn df3 z'Sn bzdLsf] lbg nlntk'/sf] d+unahf/ glhs hf]Daxfn 6f]ndf ePsf] xf] . !) jif{sf] pd]/df l;+xb/af/df 3/sfh clkm;df p8 sfle{Ësf] sfo{ u/]sf] Tof] If0fnfO{ km\Nof;–Aofsdf hfFbf pgL 7"nf] a'af ;fg'nfn l;Nksf/nfO{ ;Demg] u5{g\ .

    …7"nf] a'af l;+xb/af/sf] 3/sfh clkm;df sfd ubf{ gfOs] x'g'x'GYof] . d t pxfFs} xft ;dft]/ l;+xb/af/ k;]sf] lyPF . h'4 zdz]/sf] kfnfdf kf6gsf xfdL l;Nksf/x¿sf] sfi7snfsf] sfo{df hflu/ g} lyof] . gfOs] 7"nf] a'afnfO{ !@ ?k}ofF / xfdL k|To]snfO{ rf/cfgf k};f Tof] a]nf lbg] ul/GYof] . jif{el/df ̂ ) d'/L wfg yk tnasf] ¿kdf kfOGYof],Ú # jif{ ToxfF sfd u/]sf pgn] cufl8 eg]– …3/}af6} sfi7snf hfg]sf]n] s;}sf] cufl8 sfdsf] nflu xft k;fg{' k/]g . sfi7snf afx]s xfQLsf] bfFtsf] snfTds sfo{sf] cnfjf 9'+ufdf cfsif{s snf sf]g]{ sfd klg eof] .Ú

    kf6gsf] P]ltxfl;s eLd;]g dlGb/cufl8 cBfjlws /x]sf] cGgk"0f{ :tDedf bf];|f] ljZjo'4 lht]/ cfPsf jL/ g]kfnL uf]/vfnLn] sf]/]sf zAb x]g{ kfOG5 . pQm w/f]x/ agfpg] sfo{ df]ltnfnsf] l;NkL lktf df]xgnfnaf6 ePsf] xf] . @)@# ;fnb]lv @)@^ ;fn;Dd gf/fo0flx6L /fhb/af/df ;d]t sfd u/]sf df]ltnfnn] k'/fgf] b/af/ eTsfP/ agfOPsf] gofF b/af/sf k|foM sfi7snf OlGhlgo/ z+s/ l/dfnsf] l8hfOgdf agfPsf lyP .

    h]g]efsf] cfOnjf ejgb]lv hd{g km\of+skm6{, Do'lgv, a]nfot, hfkfgh:tf d'n'sdf sfi7snfsf] ;Lk k|:t't ug]{ sfo{ df]ltnfnaf6 ePsf] 5 . lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf tTsfnLg kfls:tfgsL k|wfgdGqL a]ghL/ e'§f] g]kfn e|d0fdf cfPsf] a]nf kf6g cf}Bf]lus If]qleqsf] df]ltnfnsf] p8 sfle{Ë O08i6«Lh cjnf]sg ug{ k'Ubf ! 6«s snfTds sfi7 snf v/Lb u/]sL lyOg\ . df]ltnfnsf] tL snfaf6 k|efljt ag]/ tTsfn kfls:tfgL b"tfjf;af6 le;f dufP/ kfls:tfg e|d0fsf] lgDtf] lbPsf] pgn] la;]{sf 5}gg\ .

    kfls:tfg k'u]/ ToxfF klg cb\e"t snf k|:t't u/]/ jfxjfxL kfP/ :jb]z kms]{sf pgn] cfkm"h:t} sflnu9 tof/ kfg{ a'+udtLsf s]xL tGg]/Lx¿nfO{ p8 sfle{Ëdf kfl/>lds lbP/} sfd l;sfPsf lyP . xfn a'+udtLsf ! ;oeGbf w]/} sflnu9 pgs} lzio x'g\ .

    kfl/jfl/s k/Dk/fut l;NkL snfnfO{ :jb]zb]lv ljb]z;Dd plQs} lj:tf/ ug{ ;kmn df]ltnfn ljleGg :s'n, ;+3–;+:yf, wfld{s ljxf/nufotdf ;+:yfks ag]/ ;fdflhs sfo{df klg ;lqmo 5g\ . To;}n] pgsf] csf]{ kl/ro k|ltli7t ;dfh;]jL klg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . r9\bf] pd]/;Fu} a9\bf] pT;fxdf hLjgnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg ;kmn pgn] afFr'Gh]n ;a}sf] lxt ug]{ sfo{df ;bf /xg] k|lta4tf ;d]t hgfpg kl5 k/]gg\ .

    May-June 2014 23

    kf6gsf] P]ltxfl;s eLd;]g dlGb/cufl8 cBfjlws /x]sf] cGgk"0f{ :tDedf bf];|f] ljZjo'4 lht]/ cfPsf jL/ g]kfnL uf]/vfnLn] sf]/]sf zAb x]g{ kfOG5. pQm w/f]x/ agfpg] sfo{ df]ltnfnsf]

    l;NkL lktf df]xgnfnaf6 ePsf] xf].

  • h]7 @)&!24

  • May-June 2014 25

    ahf/

    of] udL{ ofd;Fu} zx/–ahf/df gofF–gofF km];gn] ahf/ lnPsf] kfOG5 . o;} qmddf tGg]/Lx¿ dfem b]zk|]dn] cf]tk|f]t 6L–;6{sf] dfu a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . cfO nj g]kfn gfds JxfO6 6L–;6{ tGg]/Lx¿dfem xfn PsfPs dfu a9\g yfn]sf] aLP;P; /]l8d]8 k]m;g pBf]usf d]g]lhË 8fO/]S6/ lji0f' k'?ifn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . tGg]/Lx¿df b]lvPsf] b]zk|]dn] ubf{ cfO{ nj g]kfn n]lvPsf 6L–;6{sf] dfu d'n'se/af6 cfO/x]sf] atfpFb} pBdL k'?ifn]

    of] jif{sf] ;d/df o;sf] Jofkf/ XjfQ} j[l4 ePsf] hfgsf/L klg pgn] lbPsf 5g\ . To;sf] cnfjf cfO{ nj g]kfnsf] nflu 7fpF–ljz]ifnfO{ klg cfO{ nj c+lst 6L–;6{sf] dfu klg eO/x]sf] tgx'Fsf] bdf}nLdf km];g Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsL km];g Joj;foL ;f]gf lkofn] atfPsL 5g\ . Joj;foL lkofsf] k;ndf o;k|sf/sf km];gsf] g} a9L ljqmL x'g yfn]sf] pgn] eg]sL 5g\ . u'0f:t/ x]/]/ % ;ob]lv & ;o ?k}ofFdf o:tf 6L–;6{ kfOg] u/]sf] 5 .

    ;'gsf] d"Nodf hlt;'s} ptf/–r9fj eP klg ;'gk|lt ul/ab]lv wgL;Dd ;a}sf] cfsif{0f k'/ftg ;dob]lv xfn;Dd /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ d'n'sdf b}lgs #) lsnf]sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ;'gsf] vkt x'g] u/]sf] ;'g Joj;foLx¿ atfpF5g\ . nugsf] a]nfdf cem o;sf] dfudf yk j[l4 x'g] u/]sf] sf7df8f}+sf] Go"/f]8l:yt u0fklt HJf]n/Lsf ;'g Jofkf/L ;lrg /f}lgof/n] eg]sf 5g\ . ;'gsf] d"No gofF jif{ @)&! sf] j}zfv dlxgfe/ ptf/–r9fj g} eof] . tf]nfsf] %) xhf/ b]lv %$ xhf/;Dd klg k'Uof] . dlxgfsf] clGtd xKtflt/ %# xhf/;Dd sf/f]af/ ePsf] kfOof] .

    dbf{–kbf{ b]lv lax]–j|taGw ;a} sfo{sf] nflu ;'g cTofjZos wft' eP/ dfq geO{ l:y/ ;DklQ klg ePsf]n] ;'g hf]8\g ;a}n] xfgyfk ug]{ ePsfn] klg o;sf] dxTj a9]sf] cleg]tf ch{'g >]i7sf] a'emfO 5 . ;xL dfg]df ;'gnfO{ cfkt k/]sf] a]nfdf a]r]/ of lwtf]df /fv]/ klg k};f lgsfNg] ;Sg] k"FhL klg ePsf]n] ;'gk|lt ;a}sf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] pgsf] 7x/ 5 .

    ;'gdf cfsif{0f

    cfO{ nj 6L–;6{

  • h]7 @)&!26

    b]zsf] d'xf/ km]g]{ dxfg\ s'/fx¿, d]3f k|f]h]S6x¿ 5fofFdf kl//x]sf] a]nf ;fgf ;fgf s'/f / cfof]hgfx¿n] a? ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 eg] Pp6f k|df0f xf] g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud -g]jflgn]_ leœofPsf] PdP ^) ljdfg . ;of}+ afwf–Jojwfg kf/ u/]/ leœofOPsf] of] ljdfgn] g]kfnL ;~rf/ dfWoddf /fd|} :yfg kfof] . lghL If]qsf xjfO{ ;~rfnsx¿ Gf]jflgnfO{ ;f}tf ;DemG5g\ / hlt ;s] g]jflgsf] cwf]ult rfxG5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dosf] pgLx¿sf] k|of; ljkmn ePs} xf] . g]jflgnfO{ w/f;oL agfP/ u|fp08 Xof08lnªdf x'Tofpg] pgLx¿sf] k|of; of] ;do t'lxPs} xf] . rLg ;/sf/n] lbg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf] ^ j6} ljdfg qmdzM lelqb} hfg]5g\ / ca g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgudn] k|ultsf] prfO pSng yfNg]5 . g]kfnL cfsfzdf g]jflg cjZo klg Pp6f dfp ;+:yf xf], /fli6«o Wjhfjfxssf ¿kdf lxhf] o;n] cfh{g u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o ul/dfdf ljlEfGg sf/0fjz u|x0f nfu] klg ca Tof] sfnf] afbnleqsf] rfFbLsf] 3]/f v'nf x'Fb} 5 .

    ;o ?k}ofF eP klg sd ef8f b/df xjfO{ l6s6 pknAw u/fpg ;Sof] eg] g]kfnL ofq'x¿ ToxL p8fgaf6 ofqf u5{g\ . lghL xjfO{ sDkgLx¿n] nfb\b} cfO/x]sf] dx+uf] ef8f b/df p8\g afWo ePsf g]kfnL ofq'x¿sf nflu PDfP ^) ljdfg j/bfg

    ;fljt x'g]5 . %^ ofq' af]Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] of] ljdfgsf] cfkm\g} ljz]iftf 5 . o;sf] s'n nDafO{ @$=&! ld6/ 5 . o;sf] kv]6f @(=@) ld6/ km}lnPsf] 5, olts} Ifdtf ePsf cGo ljdfgsf] kv]6feGbf o;sf] a9L km}nfj6n] a9L ef/ axg ug]{ Ifdtf /fVb5 . o;sf] vfln jhg !#,&)) lsnf] 5 . o;sf] p8fg b|'ttf %!$ lsnf]ld6/ k|lt306f /x]sf] 5 . cTofw'lgs ;~rf/ ;+u|x0f Ifdtf /fVg] of] ljdfg kxf8L d'n'snfO{ ;'xfpFbf] ;fljt eO;s]sf] 5 . of] ljdfgn] qmdzM klZrdsf] wgu9L, g]kfnu~h nufot e}/xjf, kf]v/f, e/tk'/, k"j{sf] eb|k'/, lj/f6gu/ ?6df cfkm\gf] p8fg eg]{ 5 .

    Gf]jflgn] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s tof/L k"/f ul;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ / rLg ;/sf/aLrsf] d}qLk"0f{ cfly{s ;xof]usf ¿kdf k|fKt ePsf] of] ljdfg / ca lelqg] % j6} ljdfgsf] ;xh 9Ën] p8fg eg{ ;Sg' g]jflgsf nflu r'gf}tL klg 5 .

    g]kfnLx¿sf] cfly{s x}l;otnfO{ dWogh/ /fv]/ ;j{;'ne 9Ën] kf/bzL{k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf xjfO{ oftfoftsf] :t/f]Ggltsf nflu rLg ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ;xof]unfO{ xb};Dd ;Ddfghgs 9Ën] oL ljdfgx¿sf] pkof]u x'g]5 eGg] ljZjf; lbnfpg g]jflg h'l6/x]sf] 5 . PdP ^) ljdfgsf] cfudg;Fu} ljdfgsf] l6s6df eO/x]sf] sfnf]ahf/L / dgk/L ef8fb/sf] cGt x'g] z'e ;+s]t g]kfnL cfsfzdf b]lvPsf] 5 Û

    g]kfnL cfsfzdf z'e ;+s]t

    nId0f l;6f}nf

    xjfO{ ofqf

  • May-June 2014 27

    l;ln08/ NofpFbf u'8fpg' x'Gg, efG;fdf l;ln08/ ;w}+ 7f8f] /fvL k|of]u u/f}+, ;'tfP/ jf 3f]K6\ofP/ k|of]u gu/f}+.

    /]u'n]6/, /a/ kfOk, r'Nxf]h:tf pks/0fx? u'0f:t/ k|dfl0ft ePsf] dfq k|of]u ug'{kb{5.

    vfgf ksfpFbf ;w}+ em\ofn, 9f]sf v'Nnf /fvf}+ / ;'tLsf] sk8f nufP/ dfq vfgf ksfpg'kb{5.

    sfd ;lsPkl5 ;w}+ UofF; l;ln08/sf] /]u'n]6/ aGb ug'{kb{5.

    efG;f/df UofF; uGw cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] lns eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] a'em\g'kb{5, o:tf] a]nf klxn] /]u'n]6/sf] / kl5 r'Nxfsf] gj (Knob) aGb ug'{kb{5.

    UofF; lns ePsf] yfxf ePdf slxNo} klg UofF; r'Nxf], nfO6/, w"k tyf sf]7fsf] lah'nL aQL afNg'x'Fb}g.

    a? t'?Gt} ;a} em\ofn, 9f]sf, UofF;sf] dfqf 36fpg]tkm{ nfUg'kb{5.

    /]u'n]6/af6 UofF; lns ePdf l;ln08/sf] eNjdf ;]km\6L Sofk nufP/ 3/ aflx/ v'Nnf 7fpFdf /fVg'kb{5 / glhssf] UofF; ljqm]tf jf ;DalGwt UofF; pBf]unfO{ t'?Gt va/ ug'{kb{5.

    UofF; l;ln08/b]lv r'Nxf];Ddsf] /a/ kfOk Kjfn k/] gk/]sf] r]s ug'{kb{5 / kfOk b]lvg] u/L hf]8\g'kb{5.

    UofF; kfOksf b'j}tkm{ SnofDkn] /fd|f];Fu s:g] ug'{kb{5.

    UofF;sf] r'Nxf] hlxn] klg UofF; l;ln08/eGbf dfly /fVg'kb{5.

    UofF;sf] /a/ kfOk !=% b]lv @=) ld6/ eGbf nfdf] x'g' x'Gg.

    Pn=kL= Uof“; k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ ;'/Iff;DaGwL clt cfjZos hfgsf/L

    -g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj k|fKt_

  • h]7 @)&!28

    jif{cufl8 :yfkgf ePsf] 7d]nsf] kl/ro af]s]sf] sf7df8f}+ u]i6 xfp; cfkm}df uf}/j af]]s]sf] pTs[i6 xf]6n eGg] s'/f oxfF cfpg] k|foM ;a} ko{6sx?sf] d'vaf6 ;'Gg] u/]s} xf] . g]kfn cfpg] ljb]zL ko{6sx¿ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf kfOnf 6]Sgf;fy /f]hfOsf] xf]6nsf] ¿kdf sf7df8f}+ u]i6 xfp;sf] gfd lng] u/]sf] oyfy{nfO{ lxhf]sf lbgaf6 cfhsf lbg;Dd klg cfFsg ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 .

    kfx'gfx¿nfO{ ul/g] cGt/f{li6«o z}nLsf] Jojxf/n] klg ljb]zL ko{6sx¿sf] sf7df8f}+ u]i6 xfp; klxnf] /f]hfOsf] xf]6n aGb} cfPsf]] 5 . :yfkgf sfnb]lv xfn;Dd klg ljb]zL ko{6sx¿n] vrfvr el/g] o; xf]6nsf] ?d rfh{ klg Tolt dx+uf] dflgb}g . !% 8n/b]lv dx+uf]df ! ;o *) 8n/;Dddf l8nS;, ;'lk|o/, uf8]{g km\ofl;Ë ?d;Dd a's ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;f}lvg g]kfnLx¿sf] ;d]t o; xf]6ndf cfsif{0f b]lvg yfn]sf] ;f]xL xf]6nsf] n;s'; /]i6'/]G6sf] ljut # dlxgf otf Dofg]hd]G6 x]b}{ cfPsf dbg >]i7sf] egfO 5 .

    ljb]zL ko{6ssf] t'ngfdf g]kfnLx? klg xfn sd gb]lvPsf] ToxfF cfpg] g]kfnLx¿sf] a]Un} hLjgz}nLn]

    g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf rlr{t xf]6nrlr{t xf]6n

    $%

    kfx'gfsf] ;Tsf/df n;s';t:jL/ M cfzfsfhL dxh{g

    h]7 @)&!28

  • May-June 2014 29

    klg k|dfl0ft u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljz]iftM ljb]zL ko{6ss} a9L af]njfnf x'g] pQm xf]6nsf] cfFugsf] naLdf g} /x]sf] n;s'; /]i6'/]G6n] k|frLg dNnsfnLg snf–klxrfgaf6} n;s'; cyf{t\ :jfut ul//x]sf] cg'e"lt lbg] u/]sf] ToxfF k|j]z ugf{;fy dx;'; ug{ ;lsG5 . 7d]nsf] 6'l/Hd dfs]{6sf] jflsËaf6 yfs]/ cfPsf k|foM ko{6ssf] ysfg b"/ ug]{ uGtJosf] ¿kdf /x]sf] n;s'; /]i6'/]G6df ljz]ift lrlgofF, ef/tLo tyf g]kfnL slG6g]G6n vfg]s'/f g} kfOg] u/]sf] 5 .

    To;sf] cnfjf a]s/Lsf] a]Un} dHhf lng kfOg] l8kf6{ klg 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . oxfF sfo{/t g]kfnL a]s/n] tfttft} pTkfbg u/]sf a]s/Lsf a]Un} dHhf lng kfOg] ePaf6 ljb]zLb]lv :jb]zL ko{6sx¿ b+u kg]{ u/]sf] bfaL Dofg]h/ >]i7sf] 5 . hfkfg, s'j]t, ald{Ë b]lv cd]l/sf;Dd xf]6n nfOgdf b;f}+ jif{ sfd u/]/ g]kfn kms]{/ n;s';nfO{ ;DxfNg yfn]sf >]i7sf] egfOdf kfx'gfnfO{ eujfg;/x ;Sbf] ;Tsf/ ug{ ;Sg' g} s'g} klg xf]6nsf] ;kmntf xf] .

    Xf]6ndf ko{6sx¿sf] a;fO nDAofpgsf nflu /]i6'/]G6 cToGt cfjZosLo s'/f xf] . dlb/fk|]dL ko{6sx¿sf] ?lrnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ n;s';df jfOg af/nfO{ a]Un} l8kf6{sf] ¿kdf klg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . s'sb]lv j]6/;Dd ;a} g]kfnL g} /x]sf] o; /]i6'/]G6 sf7df8f}+ u]i6 xfp;sf] klxrfg g} xf] . o; klxrfgnfO{ pRr agfpg oxfF sfo{/t !$ hgf sd{rf/L lqmofzLn /x]sf] Dofg]h/ >]i7n] atfPsf 5g\ .

    May-June 2014 29

    Ps hf]8L g]kfnLsf nflucg'dflgt vr{

    Go"gtd ¿= !,))).–;Dks{ M )!–$&))^#@

  • h]7 @)&!30

    /]i6'/]G6 kl/ro''/f]hfOsf] /]i6'/]06

    hfdf g]jf/L vfhfsf] nf]slk|otf h:t} vfgfdf lrlgofF vfgfsf] s]xL jif{otf g]kfndf nf]slk|otf al9/x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ klg lrlgofF vfgf vfgsf] nflu

    g]kfnLx¿ klg vf]hL–vf]hL lrlgofF /]i6'/]G6 hfg] u/]sf] kl5Nnf] k':tfsf nf]slk|o gfos /]dgbf; >]i7sf] egfO 5 . gfos >]i7 cfkm} klg /]i6'/]G6 ;~rfns x'g\ . ljut kfFr jif{b]lv gflosf gd|tf >]i7;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf sf7df8f}+sf] nflhDkf6l:yt pQ/ 9f]sfdf Pl6s /]i6'/]G6 ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf pgL a]nf–avt :jfb km]g{sf] nflu lrlgofF /]i6'/]G6 hfg] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ .

    …d]3f’nufotsf ljleGg rnlrqdf gflosf gd|tf >]i7sf] hf]8L

    ag]sf /]dgbf; k|l;4 cleg]tf dbgbf; >]i7sf Ps dfq ;'k'q x'g\ . lktfh:t} /]l8of] clegob]lv sfo{qmd k|:tf]tf ;d]t /x]sf /]dgbf; /]l8of] sflGtk'/df sfo{/t 5g\ . log} /]dgbf; clk|n dlxgfsf] clGtd xKtfsf] z'qmaf/ sf7df8f}+sf] sdnfbLl:yt h'Ëu' km\n]j/ /]i6'/]G6df x6 g]kfn l6d;Fu nGr vfO/x]sf lyP . sf7df8f}+df /x]sf lrlgofF /]i6'/]G6x¿dWo] b/af/dfu{ glhs /x]sf] h'Ëu' km\n]j/df :jfb km]g{sf] nflu lrlgofF vfgf vfg cfpg] u/]sf] pgn] ;'gfP .

    lrlgofF vfgf vfg cToGt ?lr /fVg] /]dgbf; k|foM ;fyLx¿;Fu lrlgofF /]i6'/]G6 cfpg] u/]]sf] atfpFb} lyP . h'Ë'u' km\n]j/df ljz]iftM rLgsf] l;r'jfg k|fGtsf] l6d'/ ld;fPsf] dg} /dfpg] lrlgofF vfgf

    ;gfP .;/]dh

    dg}

    ;'gfP .dgbf; k|foM ;fyLx¿;Fuh'Ë'u' km\n]j/df ljz]iftMg} /dfpg] lrlgofF vfgf

    h'Ëu' ̂ n]j/dfh'Ëu' ̂ n]j/dfd]3f lx/f]sf] lrlgofF :jfbd]3f lx/f]sf] lrlgofF :jfbvfvf

    h]7 @)&!30

  • May-June 2014 31

    /f]hfOsf] /]i6'/]06

    ePsf]n] tL vfgf k|foM cln–cln u/]/ ;a} c8{/ ub}{ rfVb} u/]sf pgnfO{ df5f r]jf ;'k gofF kl/sf/ nfUof] . v;Lsf] df;' ‰ofËnf] / a+u'/sf] v'§fsf] crf/ klg uhas} /x]sf] pgsf] 7x/ 5 .

    ;g\ @)!# sf] gf]e]Da/ dlxgfaf6 ;+rfngdf cfPsf] h'Ëu' km\n]j/ /]i6'/]G6df rLgsf] l;r'jfg k|fGtsf] cnfjf x\of]Ëvf k|fGtsf vfgf klg aGg] ePsf]n] cGo lrlgofF /]i6'/]G6df eGbf lrlgofF ko{6sx¿sf] afSnf] pkl:ylt b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . b/af/dfu{ glhs sdnfbL /f]8l:yt xfn rNtLdf /x]sf] /fOlhË dnl:yt h'Ëu' km\n]j/ /]i6'/]G6df # hgf lrlgofF s's ;lxt !$ g]kfnL sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . of] /]i6'/]G6df lrlgofF vfgf vfgsf nflu /f]hfO cg';f/sf] lrlgofF vfgf vfgsf] nflu hf]8Ln] ks]6df gub ! xhf/b]lv @ xhf/;Dd af]s]/ uP k'U5 .

    sfo/t /xsf 5g\ . of /cs]k'U

    x \vfgsf nflu /f]hfO cvfgsf] nflu hf]8Ln] ks]@ xhf/;Dd af]s]/ uP k'

    t:jL/ M cfzfsfhL dxh{g

    May-June 2014 31

    ;Dks{ M /fOlhª dn, sdnfbLkmf]g M )!–$!^(!**Ps hf]8Lsf nflu cf};t vr{ M ¿= @,))).–

  • h]7 @)&!32

    g]kfnL rnlrqsf dxfgfos /fh]z xdfn afWotfn] j}jflxs hLjgdf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ . j}zfv #! ut] cfof]lht ljjfxsf] cf}krfl/s 3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf xdfn Tolt v'n]sf] kfOPg . xdfnsL k|]ldsf dw' e§/fO{sf] k|];;Fu s'/fsfgL ug]{ dg;fo b]lvP klg k|];;Fu v'Ng glbg] xdfnsf] rfxgfadf]lhd pgL v'Ng kfOgg\ . xdfnsf] :jsLo ;lrj /f]zg xdfnn] pgL;Fu s'/f ug]{ df}sf g} lbPgg\ .

    To;sf] cnfjf kmf]6f]–kqsf/x?nfO{ dw'sf] l;+un kmf]6f] lvRg] df}sf;d]t lbOPg . l;+un kmf]6f] lvRg vf]Hg] kmf]6f]kqsf/nfO{ 5]Sg]nufotsf lqmofsnfk xdfnsf :jsLo ;lrjn] u/]sfn] xdfnkTgLnfO{ a9L ;fj{hlgs ug{ rfxFb}gg\ eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . gf} jif{b]lvsf] dw';Fusf] k|]d–/f]dfG;nfO{ n'sfpFb} cfPsf xdfn tfdemfd;lxt To;/L ;fj{hlgs g} x'g vf]lh/x]sf lyPgg\ .

    xdfnsf lgs6jtL{ ldq rnlrq d'lQmbftfsf lgdf{tf /fh]Gb| 7s'/L tyf ufos /fh]zkfon /fO{sf] hf]8 / dw's} s/n] cToGt ;Lldt kqsf/aLr xdfnn] dw'nfO{ ;fj{hlgs u/]/ cfdfsf] k'Vof}{nL lrgf] uxgf nufOlbP/ kTgL :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . cf}krfl/s ljjfx 3f]if0ffkZrft gfos /fh]z xdfnn] x6 g]kfn;Fusf] ;+lIfKt k|ltlqmofdf dw' xfnnfO{ u[lx0fLs} ?kdf a:g] / xlgd'gsf] 6'+uf] nufOg;s]sf] tyf hxfF k'luG5, ToxL+ xlgd'g x'g] atfP .

    d] dlxgfsf] @* tfl/vsf] lbg gf} jif{ cufl8 dw';Fu xdfnsf] e]6 xf]6n ¥ofl8;gdf ePsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg df]8n;d]t /x]sL dw';Fusf] e]6sf] Tof] If0fnfO{ tfhuL /fVg lax]sf] l/k|m];d]G6 kf6L{ x'g] ePsf]n] To; lbgnfO{ jf:tljs lax] dflgg] ePsf] 5 . oBlk, xdfnsf cd]l/sfl:yt lbbL–legfh'x? g]kfn cfOg;s]sfn] cf}krfl/s ljjfx eg] cem} eO;s]sf] 5}g . oBlk, xdfn / dw' j}zfv #! ut]af6} Ps;fy a:g yfln;s]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f]xL lbgaf6 b'j} klt–kTgL alg;s]sf 5g\ .

    xdfn lgs6jtL{ /fh]Gb| 7s'/L t xdfnn] /fd|f] lzn–:jefjsL

    b'nxL kfPsf] / xdfnnfO{ cToGt dfof ug]{ dw'sf] Jojxf/af6 cfkm" lgs} k|efljt ePsf] atfpF5g\ . …Pp6L kTgLdf x'g'kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ u'0f dw'df ePsf]n] dnfO{ t /fh]z xdfnsf] RjfO; dg k¥of]Ú, x6

    ljz]if l/kf]6{

    /fh]z xdfnsf] lax]sf] /x:o

    a9\bf] pd]/df k'u]sL zfnLg cleg]qL ldlynf zdf{sf] klg ca lax] x'g] ePsf] 5 . pd]/n] krf; gfl3;s]sL ;bfaxf/ cleg]qL zdf{n] &$ jif{sf k"j{ k|x/L dxflg/LIfs df]ltnfn af]x/f;Fu lax] ug]{ lg0f{o u/]/ ;a}nfO{ rlst kfl/lbPsL 5g\ .

    cleg]qL zdf{n] of] jif{sf] s'g} dlxgfdf pko'Qm ;fOt lgsfn]/ af]x/f;Fu lax] ug]{ v'nf;f ul/;s]sL 5g\ . cleg]qL zdf{ dx]Gb| k'ln; Snal:yt k|x/L ;]jfdf /xFbf af]x/f Tof] a]nf k|x/L OG;k]S6/ lyP . b'j}aLr Tof] a]nfb]lv /fd|f] ;DaGw sfod lyof] .

    af]x/f ljjflxt ePsf] yfxf ePkl5 kl5 x6]sL zdf{n] To;kl5 slxn] klg lax]sf] af/]df ;f]r /flvgg\ . Jofks kfl/jfl/s k|];/sf afah'b l:y/ ag]sL zdf{nfO{ ut jif{ kTgLsf] lgwgaf6 PSnf] ag]sf af]x/fn] …dnfO{ ca /fd|f] ;fyLsf] ¿kdf ;fy lbG5f} t ld7"Ú eg]kl5 pgn] gfOF g} eGg ;lsgg\ . …Ps xKtf t P; / gf] eGg] hjfkm lbg g} nfUof] . cGttM d pxfFsf] k|]ddf xf/]+ / P; eg]+Ú, cleg]qL zdf{n] eg]sL 5g\ .

    df]ltnfnnfO{ldlynfsf] ;fy

    t:jL/ M bLk]z

    /fh yf?

  • May-June 2014 33

    ljz]if l/kf]6{

    g]kfn;Fu 7s'/Ln] eg] . lax] 3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf xdfn kl/jf/sf] vf;} ;lqmotf gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf /fh]Gb| 7s'/Ln] g} kl/jf/sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ ;lqmotf b]vfPsf lyP .

    lax] /x/ xf]Og s//fh]z xdfnn] lax]sf] s'/fdf cfgfsfgL ul//x] klg k|]ldsfsf]

    hf]8df lax] kSsf ePsf] xf] . ljut Ps jif{b]lv lax]sf] gfddf 8]6 ;fb}{ cfPsf xdfn k|]ldsf dw' e§/fO{sf] s/–andf xf/ vfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . dw'sf] s/df xdfnn] j}zfv #! ut]sf] ;fOtdf lax] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . xdfn t of] udL{ ofddf lax] ug]{ d'8df g} g/x]sf] t/ k|]ldsfsf] cufl8 xf/ vfg afWo ag] .

    xdfnsf] of]hgf hf8f] ofddf lax] ug]{ lyof] . To;sf nflu d+;L/ of df3 pko'Qm dlxgfsf] ;fOt vf]lh/x]sf pgL h]7 dlxgfdf g} lax] ug{ afWo ag]sf 5g\ . xtf/df tof/L ug{'k/]sf]n] ;fdfGo 9+uaf6 lax] ;DkGg ug{ nfu]sf] atfpFb} xdfn eG5g\– …k|]ldsfsf] cufl8 lx6n/n] t xf/ vfg' k¥of] eg] d t ;fdfGo dfG5] x'F . xf/ vfg' :jfefljs xf] . csf]{tk{m of] dfof tyf k|]ddf xf/hLtsf] ;jfn g} x'Fb}g .Ú

    pd]/n] %% s6\g nflu;s]sf xdfnn] uf]Ko ?kdf lj/f6gu/sL @* jifL{of dw' e§/fO{;Fu k|]d–/f]dfG; ub}{ cfPsf lyP . h'g s'/f xdfnsf] kl/jf/leq klg sltnfO{ yfx} lyPg . /l;og k|]ldsf;Fusf] c;kmn k|]dkZrft lax] eGg] s'/faf6 6f9f x'Fb} cfPsf xdfnnfO{ dg k/fpg] g]kfnL lkmNdsf gflosfx? klg Ps;] Ps lyP .

    ljjflxtf eP klg gflosf sl/Zdf dfgGw/ xdfn;Fu w]/}kN6 glhlsg] k|of; u/]sL lyOg\ . cd[t nfdf lgld{t rnlrq tfnsf] d':tfªdf ;'l6ªtfsf sl/Zdfn] k|:tfj /fVg] sf]l;; klg u/]sL lyOg\ . Ps;fy ToxfF cfof]lht kn 8fG;df xdfn;Fu cw/ hf]8]/ 8fG; ug]{ k|of; klg u/]sL lyOg\ . xdfns} c;xdltn] sl/Zdfsf] of]hgf ;kmn x'g ;s]g . o;n] ubf{ s}og lbg sl/Zdf / xdfnsf] af]nrfn ;d]t ePsf] lyPg . csL{ gflosf hn zfx klg xdfn;Fu klxnf] lkmNd cjtf/ v]n]b]lv cfslif{t ag]sL lyOg\ . hnn] dg k/fPsf] yfxf kfP/ klg xdfnn] yfxf gkfPh:tf] u/L a]jf:tf ub}{ cfPsf lyP .

    To;}u/]/, xdfnsf] lx6 lkmNd b]jtfsL gflosf l;h{gf a:g]tsf] /f]hfOsf] lx/f] xdfn g} lyP . xdfnn] l;h{gfsf] rfxgfnfO{ klg nft df/]kl5 lgdf{tf lah' /+lht;Fu lax] u/]sf] s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] ;do rlr{t nf]sbf]x/L uflosf sf]dn cf]nL;Fu rnlrq /fhgLltdf Ps;fy clego u/]sf xdfnsf] gfd cf]nL;Fu klg hf]l8Psf] lyof] . pd]/sf] xsdf $% Kn; e};s]sL cf]nL / xdfnaLr lax] x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgfsf] cfFsng klg ePsf] lyof] .

    rnlrq /fhgLltsf] k|df];gsf] ;dodf b'j} b]z bf}8fxfdf Ps;fy klg k'u]sf lyP . o;sf] cfwf/df uflosf sf]dn cf]nLn] xdfn;Fu s'g} klg xfntdf s]ldi6«L g} gldn]sf] / s]ldi6«L g} gldn]sf] dfG5];Fu lax] t cf]x==gf] g} eg]/ x6 g]kfn;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf eg]sL lyOg\ . w]/}hgf;Fu ljleGg lsl;dn] gfd hf]l8P klg xdfnsf] gfd dw'sf] lhGbuL;Fu 9+'ufdf n]lvPsf] cIf/ h:t} ca sf]l/g] ePsf] 5 .

    nfdf] k|tLIffkZrft\ /fh]zn] ca dw'sf] /+ufpg]df z+sf 5}g . tfdemfdsf ;fy lax] xf]nf eGg] s'g}a]nf ;f]rdf /x]sL dw' b'j}sf] ;Nnfx clg ;xdltdf ca To:tf] gug]{ kIfdf k'lu;s]sL 5g\ . ;fdfGo 9+uaf6 afhf klg gahfP/ lax] ug]{ kIfdf b'j} /x]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo 9+uaf6 yf]/} ;]n]S6]8x¿nfO{ dfq l/k|m];d]G6 kf6L{ lbg] tof/Ldf klg pgLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

    :d[t

    5ljn] csL{ /]vf hGdfP

    gflosf /]vf yfkfn] @)&! ;fn j}zfv !( ut]sf] k]m;a's :6f6\;df rnlrq lgdf{tf cfkm\gf k"j{klt 5lj cf]emfnfO{ dfgl;s ;Gt'ng u'dfPsf] dfG5] eg]/ tNnf] >]0fLdf plqP/ ufnL u/]sL 5g\ . b'j}aLrsf] o;k|sf/sf] cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k ldl8ofdf ;fj{hlgs x'g'sf] k5fl8 k|d'vtof 5ljn] xfn lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] rnlrq ;'GtnL–xjNbf/df v]Ng /]vf yfkfn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf]n] g} xf] . ;f]xL l/;n] ;]nfO;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ 5ljn] ldl8ofdf cf]sn]kl5 /]vfn] klg km];a'saf6 To;/L cf]sn]sL x'g\ .

    /]vfsf] l/; dfg{ 5ljn] /]vfsf] cg'xf/s} emNsf] lbg] lzNkf kf]v/]nnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . /]vfn] gfOF eg]sf] rnlrq ;'GtnL xjNbf/df lzNkfnfO{ a]|s lbOPsf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/Ldf sfo{/t ;'GtnL wfdLsf] jf:tljs syfdf lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf] pQm lkmNd lgdf{0f ug{ k|x/L k|zf;g / ;'GtnL wfdL;Fu cg'dlt lnO;s]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . k|x/Lsf] 3]/fdf ;xsdL{ k|x/Laf6} anfTs[t ag]sL ;''GtnL wfdLsf] oyfy{ syfdf aGg nfu]sf] pQm rnlrqdf v]Ng'k"j{ lzNkfn] ;'GtnL wfdL;Fu klg e]6 ul/;s]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . /]vfs} cg'xf/;Fu ldNg] lzNkfsf] g]kfnL rnlrqdf k|j]zaf6 /]vfsf] hu xlNng] lglZrt ePsf] 5lj kIfn] eg] klg /]vfn] cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] s'g} /f}+ klg gxlNng] k|ltlqmof lbPsL 5g\ .

  • h]7 @)&!34

    r]tgfy cfrfo{

    lrlgofFx¿ vfgsf nflu sfF6f cyjf rDrf k|of]u ub}{gg\ . clwsf+z vfg]s'/fdf pgLx¿ rkl:6S; k|of]u u5{g\ . emf]n kbfy{ ;'k vfgsf nflu dfq rDrf k|of]u x'G5 . klZrdf d'n'ssf dfG5]x¿ lrlgofFn] rkl:6S;n] vfPsf] b]Vtf crDd dfG5g\ . rLg e|d0f ug]{x¿n] klg cfZro{ dfG5g\ lsgeg] clwsf+z /]i6'/]G6df sfF6f / rDrf x'Fb}g . lrlgofF ;'k vfgsf nflu ;]/flds cyjf Knfl:6saf6 ag]sf] 5f]6f] / ulx/f] rDrf x'G5, h;sf] k|of]un] afgL gePsfnfO{ rfpldg, y'Skf cyjf eft vfg lgs} cK7]/f] x'G5 .

    h;/L c?nfO{ rkl:6S; rnfpg ufx|f] x'G5 To;}u/L lrlgofFnfO{ sfF6frDrf rnfpg ufx|f] x'G5 . lrlgofFx¿ ;fgf;fgf eftsf l;tf klg ;lhn};Fu rkl:6S;n] l6Kg ;S5g\ . lrlgofFx¿ tf]/Lsf] bfgfnfO{ klg rkl:6S;n] 6kf6k l6Kg ;S5g\ eGg] egfO g} /x]sf] 5 .

    ;g\ @))* df rLgdf ;DkGg @( cf}F u[idsfnLg cf]nlDks v]ns"b k|ltof]lutfn] rLgdf d"ne"t ¿kdf b'O{j6f s'/fdf kl/jt{g NofOlbof] . ljz]ifu/L /fhwfgL a]Olhªsf clwsf+z /]i6'/]G6df sfF6frDrfsf] Joj:yf;Fu} c+u|]hL efiffdf n]lvPsf d]g' ylkP . ljb]zL kfx'gfnfO{ cK7]/f] kg{ ;Sg] ;+efjgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ o;f] ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ of] Joj:yf s]xL 7"nf / dxTjk"0f{ xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6x¿df dfq lyof] . clxn] klg rLgsf clwsf+z xf]6n / /]i6'/]G6x¿df sfF6f rDrf kfOFb}g . xf]6n / /]i6'/]G6b]lv x/]s lrlgofFx¿sf] 3/df rkl:6S; /flvPsf] x'G5 . lrlgofFx¿n] vfgsf nflu k|of]u ug{] rkl:6S;;Fu nfdf] lrlgofF ;+:s[lt hf]l8Psf] 5 .

    rLgdf O;fk"j{ !&^^ b]lv !@@@ ;Dd zfª j+zsf] ;dodf v'nf cfuf]df s'g} s'/f kf]Ngsf nflu Tof] vfg]s'/fnfO{ 3f]Rg cyjf pGg lem/x¿ agfOPsf x'Gy] . lrlgofF kfssnfdf

    k|of]u x'g] tLg} lem/nfO{ ;fgf] / 5l/tf] agfP/ vfgsf nflu ;xof]uL a:t' agfOof], h;nfO{ rkl:6S; eGg yflnof] .

    rkl:6ssf] k|of]un] afnaflnsfsf] lbdfusf] ljsf; rfF8f] x'g] ljZjf; rLgdf /x]sf] 5 . sfF6frDrf rnfpgeGbf rkl:6S; rnfpgdf d"ne"t ¿kdf s] km/s 5 eg] rkl:6S; rnfpFbf a9L Wofg lbg'k5{ / lbdfunfO{ klg Tot} s]lGb|t ug'{ k5{ To;sf/0f afnaflnsfx¿n] hlt rfF8f] rkl:6S; rnfpg hfGb5g\ plt rfF8f] pgLx¿sf] lbdfusf] ljsf; x'G5 / rfF8} k]lG;n ;dfP/ n]Vg klg hfGb5g\ .

    rLgaf6 ;'? ePsf] rkl:6S; sf]l/of, hfkfg, leotgfd, dn]l;of, OG8f]g]l;of, nufotsf k"jL{ Pl;ofnL /fi6«x¿df k|of]u x'g yfNof] . ;fdfGotM rkl:6S; afF;, Knfl:6s, sf7 / l:6naf6 agfOG5 . t/ o;afx]s ;]/flds, rfFbL, xfQLsf] bfFt / ax'd"No wft'af6 klg rkl:6s ag]sf x'G5g\ . o;k|sf/sf dxËf rkl:6S; rflxF vfgf vfgeGbf ;hfP/ /fVgdf k|of]u x'G5g\ . rkl:6S;nfO{ lrlgofF efiffdf VjfOr elgG5 . VjfOsf] rfF8f] eGg] cy{ nfU5 . clg c+u|]hL efiffdf k|of]u x'g] rkl:6S; klg rkrk zAbaf6 cfPsf] xf] . c+u|]hL efiffdf klg rkrk eg]sf] l56f]l56f] eGg] a'lemG5 . c+u|]hL efiffdf rkl:6s dfq geg]/ rkl:6S; eGg'sf] sf/0f rflxF Pp6f dfq k|of]u ug{ ;lsFb}g . vfgfnfO{ Rofk]/ vfg'kg]{ ePsfn] ;w}+ hf]8Lsf ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] ePsfn] ax'jrgdf k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] xf] .

    a"9L cf}Fnf, rf]/ cf}Fnf / dfemL cf}Fnfsf] 6'Kkf]n] Rofk]/ rkl:6S; rnfOG5 . xftdf ;dfOPsf rkl:6S;dWo] tnkl§sf] rkl:6s l:y/ /xG5 eg] dflysf] rkl:6s rnfodfg /xG5 . dflyNnf] rkl:6snfO{ xftn] k]lG;n ;dfPh;/L ;dfpg] ul/G5 . rkl:6ssf] d'Vo sfd vfgf vfg] / vfgfnfO{ d'Vo efF8f]af6 cfkm\gf] Kn]6df Nofpg] sfd u5{ . o;sf ;fy} vfgfnfO{ 6'qmf agfpg] cyjf cfkm"nfO{ vfg ;lhnf] cfsf/df kl/0ft ug{ klg rkl:6S; k|of]u

    lrlgofFlrlgofF rkl:6S;rkl:6S;

    h]7 @)&!34

  • May-June 2014 35

    x'G5 . xf]6n, /]i6'/]G6, efG;f cyjf vfgf vfg] 6]a'ndf ;w+} rkl:6S;nfO{ bflxg]kl§ ;Fu} ldnfP/ /fVg'k5{ . rLgdf vfgf vfg] clwsf+z yfnLx¿sf] Ps 5]pdf s'n];f] h:tf] agfP/ rkl:6S; /fVg] :yfg lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] x'G5 .

    cfkm"n] h'g xft /fd|/L rnfOG5 ToxL xftn] rkl:6s rnfpg] k|rng 5 . To;/sf0f w]/} JolQmn] bflxg] xft rnfpg] x'gfn] rkl:6s klg bflxg] xftn] g} rnfpg] u5{g\ .

    t/ ckjfbsf ¿kdf sf]xL JolQm n]Vg] nufotsf sfd bflxg] xftn] u/] klg rkl:6s b]a|] xftn] rnfpg] klg u5{g\ .

    ;fdfGotM rkl:6S;sf] nDafO @% ;]lG6ld6/ cyf{t\ !) OGr x'G5 . uf]nf] cyjf ;dfpg]lt/ r]K6f] cfsf/sf] eP klg vfgf RofKg] 6'Kkf]lt/ rkl:6ssf] cfsf/ ;dfpg]lt/eGbf ;fgf]

    / uf]nfsf/ x'G5 . rnfpgsf nflu ;a}eGbf ;lhnf] afF; / sf7af6 ag]sf] rkl:6S; xf] . Knfl:6s tyf ;]/fldsaf6 ag]sf] rkl:6S; lrKnf] x'g] ePsfn] vfgf RofKg clns ufx|f] x'G5 .

    rLgdf k|ltjif{ $% ca{ hf]8L rkl:6S; Psk6s vfgf vfPkl5 km\ofSg] -l8:kf]h]jn_ ul/G5 . o;/L Ps jif{df g:6 ul/g] rkl:6snfO{ hf]8\g] xf] eg] !^ nfv ̂ ) xhf/ 3gld6/sf] sf7 aG5 . cyjf jo:s @ s/f]8 %) nfvj6f ?vsf] ;+Vof hlt x'G5 . ;g\ @))^ b]lv rLgn] k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ g:6 ul/g] rkl:6S;sf] k|of]udf sdL Nofpgsf nflu rkl:6S;df nufpFb} cfPsf] s/df kfFr k|ltztn] j[l4 u/]sf] 5 . rLgsf] of] gLltn] rLgdf dfq geO{ hfkfgdf klg uDeL/ c;/ kf¥of] lsgeg] hfkfgdf To:tf l8:kf]h]an rkl:6S; () k|ltzt rLgaf6 lgof{t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ kl5Nnf] ;dodf Knfl:6saf6 ag]sf cyjf afF; / sf7af6} ag]sf t/ ax'k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] rkl:6S;sf] k|of]u a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .

    lrlgofF k|rng cg';f/ kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:o / glhssf cfkmGt tyf kfx'gfx¿n] Pp6} Kn]6af6 rkl:6S;n] lemSb} vfgf vfOG5 . vfgf /fv]sf] af]n Pp6} eP klg x/]s JolQmsf nflu 5'§} Kn]6 / rkl:6S; 5'§f5'§} x'G5g\ .

    lrlgofF rng cg';f/ s'g} cf}krfl/s ;df/f]xsf] ef]h 5 eg] a;fOsf] qmd klg pRr txaf6 ul/Psf] x'G5 . s'g} ljb]zL pRr txsf] kfx'gfsf nflu cyjf pRr JolQmsf] :jfutsf nflu aLr efusf] k"j{ cyjf d'Vo k|j]zåf/lt/ kmls{Psf] :yfg tL pRr kfx'gfnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] x'G5 . To;kl5sf kfx'gfsf] tx cg';f/ d'Vo s';L{sf] cf;kf;df ldnfOPsf] x'G5 . d'Vo cfof]hsn] rkl:6S; k|of]u u/]kl5 dfq c?n] rkl:6S; k|of]u ug{k5{ .

    [email protected]]vs lrlgofF cGt/f{li6«o /]l8of] -;L=cf/=cfO{=_ g]kfnL ;]jf, a]Olhªdf ljb]zL ljz]if1sf ?kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

    rkl:6S;n] Kn]6 cyjf skdf lxsf{P/ cfjfh lbg'nfO{ g/fd|f] cyjf clzi6 dflgG5 . dfUg a;]sf] JolQmn] c?sf] Wofg lvRgnfO{ o;f] ug{] u5{ .

    vfg] s'/fnfO{ rkl:6sn] 3f]Rg' cyjf lxsf{pg'nfO{ klg clzi6 dflgG5 .

    cfkm"n] rnfPsf] cyjf k|of]u u/]sf] rkl:6s c?sf] 5]pdf cyjf csf]{ JolQm a;]sf] cufl8 /fVg' x'Fb}g .

    vfg]s'/fdf uf8]/ 7f8f] kf/L rkl:6s /flvFb}g . dl/;s]sf JolQmnfO{ vfg lbFbf dfq o;f] ul/G5 eGg] dfGotf 5 . To;}u/L vfgfsf] Kn]6dfly rkl:6S;nfO{ qm; agfP/ klg /flvFb}g .

    ;fdfGot lrlgofF afnaflnsfn] tLgrf/ jif{sf] pd]/b]lv g} rkl:6S; rnfpg hfGb5g\ . olb 5 ;ft jif{ k'Ubf klg /fd|/L rkl:6s rnfpg hfg]gg\ eg] pgLx¿nfO{ cleefjsn] /fd|/L l;sfPsf 5}gg\ eGg] a'lemG5 . t;y{ rkl:6S; rnfpg hfGg] / ghfGg] s'/fn] kl/jf/ / s"nsf] OHht / k|lti7f bzf{pF5 .

    vfgf vfg a;]kl5 klxn] cfkm"eGbf 7"nfn] rkl:6s k|of]u ug{ yfn]kl5 dfq slgi6n] ug{ /fd|f] dflgG5 .

    rkl:6S;n] vfgfleq s]xL 5 ls eg]/ plwg]/ vf]Hg] sfdnfO{ ;a}eGbf bl/b| ;+:s[lt dflgG5 . o;f] ug{' eg]sf] lrxfg vGg'

    a/fa/ xf] eGg] egfO /x]sf] 5 . rkl:6S;nfO{ Kn]6dfly /flvPsf] 5 eg] d c3fPF eGg] a'lemG5 .

    Kn]6sf] bflxg]kl§ /flvPsf] 5 eg] vfFbfvfFb} s]xL a]/ la;fPsf] eGg] cy{ nfU5 .

    rkl:6S; rkfpg] cyjf d'vdf nfdf] ;do;Dd /fVg'nfO{ czf]egLo dflgG5 .

    emf]n /flvPsf] af]ndf rkl:6s 8'afpg' x'Fb}g . s'g} klg vfg]s'/f rkl:6S;af6 rkl:6sd} ;fg{nfO{ klg /fd|f]

    dflgb}g . rkl:6s cfkm\gf] cufl8 ;Lwf agfP/ /fVg'k5{, b]a|]af6 bflxg]

    cyjf bflxg]af6 b]a|]lt/ t]:of{P/ /fVg' x'Fb}g .

    May-June 2014 35

    o;/L rnfcf}+rkl:6S;

  • h]7 @)&!36

    lj1fg k|ljlw

    x' rL rLgsf] blIf0f–klZrd If]qdf kg{] 5g t'af6 cfPsL ;fdfGo dlxnf x'g\ . pgL g]kfnsf] sf7df8f}+df vf]lnPsf ;of}F cgfyfnodWo]sf] Ps z]/5fË cgfy cf>ddf :jo+;]jssf] ¿kdf s]xL lbg al;g\ . x' rLsf] 5g t'af6 g]kfn cfpg'sf] k"j{ p2]Zo oxfF :jo+;]js eP/ a:g] eg] xf]Og . pgL afx| lbg] Wofg sIff ;s]kl5 kms{]/ j;Gt rf8 dgfpg] of]hgfdf lyOg\ . t/ of] cgfyfnodf Ps lbg a;]kl5 pgsf] j;Gt rf8;DaGwL of]hgf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 .

    x' rLsf] ;Demgfcg';f/ ;g\ @)!# sf] clGtd lbg, /ftL pgL sf7df8f}F k'lug\ . x/]s lbg nfdf] ;do nf]8;]l8ª x'g] sf7df8f}F cGwsf/do lyof] . t/ z]/5fË cgfy cf>dsf afnaflnsfsf] pT;fxn] pgsf] dgnfO{ pHofnf] kf¥of] .

    b'O{ hgf s]6L cfP/ eG5g\– xfdL;Fu cfpg'xf];\ . ;a}n] tkfO{+nfO{ lrGg] 5g\ . tkfO{+ cfpg'k5{ . xfdL ;Fu} vfgf vfg hfcf}+ . tkfO{+ xfdL;Fu} vfg'xf];\ . tkfO{+sf nflu vfgf tof/ eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ b'O{ hgfsf] ;fydf d ef]hgfno uPF . ef]hgfno k|j]z u/];Fu} ;a}n] dnfO{ …gL xfpÚ eg] . Tof] ;lhnf] lrlgofF zAb pgLx¿nfO{ af]Ng cfpF5 .

    Ps hgfn] x' rLnfO{ cgfyfnodf a:g cfu|x u/] . t/ lrlgofF

    j;Gt rf8sf] lrGtfsf] sf/0fn] x' rLn] pgsf] cfu|xnfO{ klxnf l:jsfl/gg\ . t/ afnsn] pgnfO{ k6s k6s ToxLF a:g'xf];\ eG5g\ . clg kl5 x' rLn] afnaflnsf;Fu a:g] lg0f{o ul5{g\ / leiff s]Gb| uP/ leiffsf] ;dofjlw a9fpFl5g\ .

    z]/5fË cgfy cf>ddf nueu krf; hgf afnaflnsf 5g\ . ;aeGbf ;fgf] $ jf % jif{sf 5g\ eg] ;aeGbf 7"nf] !* jif{sf 5g\ . x' rLn] x/]s k6s pgLx¿sf] rrf{ ubf{ cfkm\gf] afnaflnsf elG5g\ . cgfy cf>ddf sd{rf/L yf}/} 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm}n] vfgf agfpg' / n'uf w'g'k5{ . To; jftfj/0fdf cgfyfnosf x/]s ;b:on] cf–cfkm\gf] sfdsf] lhDdf lng'k5{ . cf>ddf 7"nf] afnsn] ;fgf] afnsnfO{ d2t / x]/rfx u5{g\ . 7"nf]n] ;fgf]nfO{ g'xfOlbg], skfn sf6\g] tyf ;kmf;'U3/ eP/ a:g ;xof]u ug{] u5{g\ . To;afx]s efG;f ;kmf ug{], v]Ng] 7fpF ;kmf ug{]nufot /Ë/f]Ëg nufpg] sfdsf] lhDdf 7"nfn] ;lqmo ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ . 7"nfx¿sf] x]/rfxaf6 ;fgfx¿nfO{ w]/} ;'v / ;Gtf]if nfu]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfn] To; 7"nf] kl/jf/df b]vfPsf] dfof, cfk;L ;xof]un] x/]snfO{ cfkm\g} kl/jf/sf] ¿kdf afFw]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfn] x' rLnfO{ lbbL agfPsf 5g\ . j;Gt rf8sf] k"j{;GWofdf pgLx¿n] x' rLsf nflu j;Gt rf8;DaGwL ljz]if ;df/f]xsf] tof/L klg u/]sf lyP .

    l5d]s

    g]kfnL cgfy afnaflnsfsf];]jfdf lrlgof“ o'jtL

  • May-June 2014 37

    lj1fg k|ljlw

    …pgLx?n] d]/f] nflu ljif]z sfo{qmd tof/ u/]sf lyP . Tof] sfo{qmd w]/} g} eJo lyof] . pgLx¿n] hflto kf]zfs nufP/ gfr], uLt ufP . ;fdfGotof pgLx¿sf] vfgfdf Pp6f dfq t/sf/L x'g] u5{ . t/ To; lbg tLg lsl;dsf] t/sf/L / ;'k klg lyof] . ;fy} To; lbg bxL klg lyof] . ;fdfGotf c? a]nf o:tf] x'Fb}gÚ, pgn] eg]sL 5g\ .

    afnaflnsfsf cg';f/ pgLx¿n] o; lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd klxnf] k6s u/]sf x'g\ . o;cl3sf lbgx¿df sfo{qmd tof/ ug{sf nflu pgLx¿ w]/} l9nf];Dd ;'t]sf lyP . pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfO w]/} ;/n 5– x' rL lbbLnfO{ v';L kfg{' xf] . x' rLn] To; sfo{qmdsf] ;Demgf ub{} elgg\– d]/f] ljrf/df o; k6ssf] j;Gt rf8n] d]/f] leqL dgnfO{ 5f]of] . pgLx¿sf] clego vf;} /fd|f] xf]Og t/ pgLx¿n] To; ;df/f]xsf nflu w]/} k|of; u/] . sfo{qmd x]bf{ d]/f] cfFvf /;fof] . o; k6ssf] j;Gt rf8 ;df/f]xafx]s ;fdfGo hLjgsf c? w]/} s'/fn] klg x' rLsf] dgnfO{ uxg ¿kdf 5f]Psf] 5 .

    km]a'|c/Ldf sf7df08f}Fsf] /ft / lbgsf] tfkdfgdf w]/} leGgtf 5 . o;} sf/0f x' rLnfO{ ?3fn] ;tfpF5 . To; a]nf x/]s lbg afnaflnsfn] x' rLsf nflu cb'jf xflnPsf] ;'k agfP . To; ;'kaf6 x' rLsf] ?3f eufpg] sf]l;; pgLx¿n] u/]sf lyP .

    …Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf], d /ftL w]/} l9nf] kms{]+ . d]/f] sk d]/f] sf]7fsf] ‰ofndf /flvPsf] /x]5 . Tof] sk prfNbf w]/} ux|f}+ nfUof] . Tof] d]/f] sknfO{ d}n] efG;fdf /fv]sf] lyPF . d kmls{g'cl3 pgLx¿n] cb'jfsf] ;'k agfP/ d]/f] sf]7fsf] ‰ofndf /flvlbPsf /x]5g\ . of] b]v]/ dnfO{ lgs} g} v'zL nfUof] . To; a]nf d lgs} /f]dfl~rt ePsL lyPFÚ, pgsf] ;Demgf tfh} 5 .

    ;g\ @)!$ sf] Eofn]G6fOg lbj; / lrlgofF o'cfg :ofp rf8

    Ps} lbg k/]sf] lyof] . x' rL cfkm\gf ;fyL;ËL;Fu} 7d]n If]qdf kf6L{ u/]/ 7d]ndf g} al;g\ . csf]{ lbg cgfyfno kmls{+bf Ps hgf s]6f eg] pgL;Fu l/;fO/x]sf lyP . lsgeg] Tof] s]6fn] x' rLnfO{ Eofn]G6fOg lbj;sf] pkxf/ lbg rfx]sf] /x]5 / w]/} ;do kv{g'k¥of] . x' rLnfO{ crDdsf] ;fy} v';L klg nfUof] . s]6fsf] cfu|xdf x' rLn] cfFvf aGb ul/g\ . cfFvf vf]Nbf s]6fsf] xftdf pkxf/ lyof] . Tof] pkxf/ Pp6f k':ts /x]5 . k':tsleq s]6fn] Eofn]G6fOg lbj;sf] z'esfdgf;lxt …d ltdLnfO{ dfof u5{'Ú egL n]v]sf] /x]5 .

    cgfyfnon] x' rLnfO{ w]/} ;'vb ;Demgf lbPsf] 5 . oxfF x' rLn] ;'vsf] gofF cy{ l;lsg\ . cgfyfnodf a;]sf afnaflnsfx¿ ;a} x+;d'v, ;lqmo / v';L 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿ ;a} lgisk6 tyf ;bfrf/L 5g\ / pgLx¿n] x/]snfO{ dfof u5{g\ . pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf b'Mvsf] 5fofF 5}g . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf nflu sfd tyf ;xof]u ug{] u/]sf ;a} JolQmnfO{ ;w}F g} wGojfb lbO/x]sf x'G5g\ . ;w}F g} enf] lrtfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;cl3 x' rLnfO{ pQm s'/f yfxf lyPg .

    x' rLsf] ;xof]udf cgfyfnodf /x]sf 7"nf afnsx¿n] s]xL ;fwf/0f sfd klg kfP . x' rLn] oL afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ w]/} gofF s'/f

    l;sfOg\ / pgLx¿n] klxnf] k6s w]/} gofF ;/;fdfg klg kfP . klxnf] k6s lrlgofF vfgf vfP, klxnf] k6s lrl8of3/ 3'd] / klxnf] k6s lrlgofF j;Gt rf8 klg dgfP . x' rLsf] sf/0fn] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ p/f7 nfu]g . PSnf] nfu]g .

    x' rL elG5g\– o; k6ssf] ofqf w]/} kmnbfos ePsf] 5 . rLg kms{]sf] nfdf] ;do eP klg d]/f] dg cem} g]kfndf a;]sf] 5 .

    -;fef/ M ;Lcf/cfO{ g]kfnL ;]jf_

    11 l5d]s

    cgfyfnon] x' rLnfO{ w]/} ;'vb ;Demgf lbPsf] 5. oxfF x' rLn] ;'vsf] gofF

    cy{ l;lsg\. cgfyfnodf a;]sf afnaflnsfx¿ ;a} x+;d'v, ;lqmo / v';L 5g\.

    afnaflnsfx¿ ;a} lgisk6 tyf ;bfrf/L 5g\ / pgLx¿n] x/]snfO{ dfof u5{g\. pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf

    b'Mvsf] 5fofF 5}g.

  • h]7 @)&!38

    gsf] ltAat w]/}n] cjnf]sg ug{ dg k/fPsf] 7fpF xf] . sf]xL ljdfgaf6 ToxfF k'U5g\ eg] sf]xL /]nj]af6 k'U5g\ . clg sf]xL cfkm}

    uf8L rnfP/ k'U5g\ . t/ ltAat 3'Dg] o:tf tLghgf a"9f 5g\, pgLx¿sf] cf}zt pd]/ ̂ ) eGbf dfly 5 . pgLx¿n] ;]jfaf6 ;+Gof; lnPkl5sf] cfgGb hLjg latfpg' kg{] xf] t/ ; 5\jfg–ltAat /fhdfu{af6 ;fOsn r9]/ ltAat hfg] lg0f{o pgLx¿n] u/] . pgLx¿n] lsg o:tf] lg0f{o u/] < clg af6f]df s]s:tf] ;d:of b]lvof] eGg] af/]df 5f]6f] rrf{ u/f}F .

    aL; lbgsf] tof/L u/]kl5 pgLx¿sf] ;fOsn ofqf ;'? eof] . 5ª t'b]lv Nxf;f;Ddsf] b'O{ xhf/ lsnf]ld6/eGbf nfdf] af6f]sf nflu pgLx¿n] @% lbgdf ofqf ;dfKt ug{] lg0f{o u/] . ; 5\jfg–ltAat

    /fhdfu{dWosf] #!* g+= efu g} 5ª t'ªaf6 Nxf;f k'Ug hfg'kg{] af6f] xf] / o;nfO{ rLgsf] ;aeGbf ;'Gb/ /fhdfu{sf] ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg ul/G5 . ;fy} w]/} ;fOsn r9\g dg k/fpg] JolQmsf nflu pTs[i6 /fhdfu{ klg xf] . af6f]d} ljzfn tyf ;'Gb/ b[Zon] dflg;nfO{ k|]/0ff lbG5 t/ af6f]sf] hl6n cj:yfn] 7"nf] r'gf}tL klg lbG5 . Psbd nfdf] af6f], pRr ;d'b| ;txdf nuftf/ ¿kdf ofqf ug{'k5{, kxf8L af6f]df r9\g'k5{, v/fa df};d, oqf r'gf}tLx¿ oL a"9fn] ;fdgf ug{ ;S5g\ t <

    ‘lxhf] xfdLn] $ xhf/ @ ;o (* ld6/ cUnf] rtf] kxf8 r9Øf}F . cfh $ xhf/ $ ;o ld6/sf] sfp c/ ; kxf8 r9\5f}F .Ú

    of] egfO kmfª vf]g o'cfgsf] xf] . ;fOsn 6f]nLdf ;aeGbf a"9f] ;b:o kmfª vf]g o'cfg x'g\ . clxn] ^$ jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf kmfª vf]g o'cfgn] rf/ jif{sf] ;fOsn ofqfsf] cg'ej lnP t/ k7f/df oqf] b"/L;Dd r9]sf] of] klxnf] k6s xf] . cl3 t pgn] ;aeGbf a9Ldf nuftf/ kfFr 5 lbg;Dd r9] . 6f]nL u7g x'Fbf tLg ;b:o dfq} lyP . 5ª t' 5f]8]sf] klxnf] lbgdf rf}yf] ;b:o ylkP . 5 lbg;Dd r9]/ 6f]nL 5ª t'eGbf kfFr ;o lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] of Rofª lhNnfdf k'Uof] / …;fOsn ;fyLsf] 3/Údf a:of] . ToxfF ljlzi6 ltAatL z}nLsf] ;fgf ;fgf af; a:g] 3/x¿ 5g\ . tLgtn] xf]:6]n h:tf tL af;:yfgdf hDdf u/L bz hgf ;fOsn ofqLnfO{ vfg–lkpg / a:g pknAw u/fOG5 . xf]:6]nsf] klxnf] tnf ;fOsn kfls{ª:ynsf] ¿kdf agfOPsf] 5 . tL; ju{ld6/eGbf 7"nf]

    l5d]s

    ltAatdfltAatdf;fx;L ofqf;fx;L ofqf

    x/]s JolQmsf nflu cfkm\gf] ;kgf x'G5 / cfkm"nfO{ r'gf}tL lng klg dg nfu]sf] x'G5. xfdL ;a} ̂ ) jif{dflysf a"9f eof}F. olb clxn] ;fOsn ofqf gu/]df kl5 t cem} a"9f] eP/ ug{

    emg\ ufx|f] 5.

    rL

    ;fOsn 6f]nLsf k|d'v o]r Ro]g l;g .

    h]7 @)&!38

  • May-June 2014 39

    If]qdf ljleGg ;fOsn kfls{ª x'G5 . xnsf] kvf{n u|flkm6L kvf{nn] ag]sf] 5 . ofqLn] cf–cfkm\gf] efjgf, OR5f cflb To;df n]V5g\ / /+u nufpF5g\ . h:tf] egf}F To;df k]lG6ª ul/Psf] …;fOsn lnP/ lx+8\g gx'g]Ú af6 ;fOsn ofqLsf] cfTdljZjf; / b[9tf b]lvG5 . t/ jf:tjdf rf/ kfFr xhf/ ld6/ cUnf k7f/df nuftf/ ¿kdf r9\g'kg{] g+= #!* /fhdfu{sf] nflu …;fOsn lnP/ lx+8\g gx'g]ÚnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ ufx|f] 5 .

    …;w}F g} r9\g' g} klg x'Fb}g . ;fOsn lnP/ lx+8\g' klg x'G5 . lsgeg] olb af6f]d} uf8L w]/} eof] eg] ;fOsn r9\g' g} hf]lvd 5 .Ú

    of] egfO rflxF o]g Ro]g l;gsf] xf] . ̂ ! jif{sf] pd]/ k'u]sf o]g Ro]g l;g of] ;fOsn ofqf sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hs x'g\ ;fy} 6f]nLsf] k|d'v klg x'g\ . jf:tljs cj:yf x]/L plrt 5gf}6 lnP/ ;'/lIft ¿kdf Nxf;f k'Ug] pgsf] nIo /x]sf] 5 . 6f]nLsf] k|d'v eP klg ;fOsn ofqfsf] cg'ej Ps jif{eGbf sdsf] 5 . To;}n] pgn] r'gf}tL :jLsf/ ub{} of] ;fOsn ofqf tof/L u/] . o]g Ro]g l; eG5g\– …x/]s JolQmsf nflu cfkm\gf] ;kgf x'G5 / cfkm"nfO{ r'gf}tL lng klg dg nfu]sf] x'G5 . xfdL ;a} ̂ ) jif{dflysf a"9f eof}F . olb clxn] ;fOsn ofqf gu/]df kl5 t cem} a"9f] eP/ ug{ emg\ ufx|f] 5 .Ú

    t/ kmfª vf]g o'cfgsf] ljrf/ cln km/s 5 . kmfª vf]g o'cfgsf] ljrf/df af6f]df ;'Gb/ b[Zosf] cjnf]sg ug{' g} pgsf] k/d nIo /x]sf] 5 . pgL eG5g\– …xfd|f] nIo ;fdfGo 5, ;fOsn r9]/ ; 5\jfg–ltAat /fhdfu{sf] b[Zo cjnf]sg u/]sf] dfq} xf] .Ú

    g+ #!* /fhdfu{df ;fOsn ofqf ug{ cToGt} ufx|f] x'G5 t/ 6f]nLsf x/]s ;b:on] kof{Kt tof/L u/]sf lyP . ofqf ;'? x'g'cl3 pgLx¿n] OG6/g]6df c?sf] cg'ej l;s]/ k"/} nIonfO{ ljleGg efudf afF8]/ nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf lyP . o;n] ubf{ Jojxf/df ptfg{sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ ;lhnf] klg eof] .

    t/ r'gf}tLaf/] rrf{ ub{} ; 5\jfgdf lk/f] s'/f vfg] rng Sjfª t'ªaf6 cfPsf ;b:ox¿sf nflu ;aeGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL eof] . o]g Ro]g l; eG5g\– …cln cg's"n /x]g, h:t} egf}F lk/f] s'/f . slxn]sfxLF d]Go' c8/ ubf{ lk/f] gxfNg eGg la:of}+{ To;}n] lk/f] s'/f vfg afWo eof}+ .Ú

    vfg]–lkpg] s'/fdf w]/} cg's"n /x]g t/ ofqfdf klg w]/} cfZro{ 5g\ . af6f]df e]6]sf c? ;fOsn ofqL / ko{6sn] pgLx¿;Fu kmf]6f] lvRg w]/} dg k/fP . To;af6 a"9fx¿nfO{ w]/} uf}/j nfUof] . o]g Ro]g l; eG5g\– …klxnf] lbg xfdLn] c/nfª kxf8 r9\bf w]/} ko{6sn] xfdL;Fu kmf]6f] lvrfP . pgLx¿n] eg]– …^) jif{eGbf a"9f] dfG5]n] o:tf] ;fOsn ofqf u/]sf] t lgs} crDdnfUbf] 5 .Ú

    o; ; 5\jfg–ltAat ;fOsn ofqfsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] pknlAwaf/] rrf{ ub{} 6f]nLsf k|d'v o]g Ro]g l;gn] cfkm"n] 7"nf] r'gf}tL lht]sf] ljrf/ JoQm u/] . pgL eG5g\– …of] ;fOsn ofqf xfd|f] hLjgsf] Pp6f 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf] . hLjgel/ klg xfdL o;nfO{ la;{g ;Sb}gf}+ .Ú

    ; 5\jfg–ltAat ;fOsn ofqf ;dfKt ePkl5 o] Ro]g l;gnfO{ gofF r'gf}tL ;fdgf ug{ dg nfu]sf] 5 . pgL l; cfg–l5ª xfO /]zd dfu{sf] ;fOsn ofqf ug{] tof/L ub{} 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] of] gofF r'gf}tL klg ;kmn agf];\ . xfdL z'esfdgf lbG5f}+ .

    -;fef/ M ;Lcf/cfO{ g]kfnL ;]jf_

    l5d]s

    af; a;]sf] 7fp“df kvf{ndf n]lvPsf ;Gb]zx? .

    ;fOsn ofqL af; a;]sf] 7fp“ cufl8 .

    May-June 2014 39

  • h]7 @)&!40 ]]]]]]]]]h]h]]h]h]hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh777777777777777777777777 7777 @)@)@)@@)@)@)@)@))@)@))@)@)))@)@@)@)@)@@@))@)&!&!&!&!&!&&!&!&!&!&!&!!!&!&&!&!&!&&!&!&!&!!&!4040404040404404044404404004044040000000000444440400000000000000404040440400000000000044400004000040444444404004000044444040404044444040444444400044444444444404444444444444444444444444444440444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444044444044444444044440444444044444440440444444444040404444444444444444444444444444444444

    …ufnf /ftf] ufnf /ftf]Ú af]nsf] uLtn] ;'k/lx6 ag]sf ufos k|Nxfb ltldlN;gfsf] gf8Ldf *) xhf/ kg]{ a|fG8]6 ;'n]S; 38L afFlwPsf] x'G5 . 38Lsf cToGt ;f}lvg pgL gofF a|fG8sf 38L cfpgf;fy nufOxfNg] k|s[ltsf 5g\ . k|Nxfbsf] 38L df]x ;fg}b]lvsf] xf] . w]/} df]8nsf 38L nufO;s]sf pgsf] cfndf/Ldf w]/} a|f08sf 38Lx¿sf] sn]S;g /x]sf 5g\ . dx+uf] 38Ldf !$ nfv;Dd kg]{ 38L klg sn]S;gdf /x]sf] ;'gfpg] pgL k]6«f]lnod Joj;foL x'g\ . lktf ;Ltf/fd ltldlN;gfn] lj:tf/ u/]sf] sf7df8f+}sf] sn+sL v;Lahf/l:yt ;Ltf km\o'n ;]G6/, sflndf6Lsf] ;Ltf s]o/ tyf dxf/fhu+hsf] ;Ltf km\o'nsf] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ sfo{ pgLaf6 eO/x]sf] 5 .

    ahf/df k]6«f]nsf] k|foM xfxfsf/ eO/xg] ePsf]n] To;sf] Joj:yfkgdf a9L g} Jo:t /xg] u/]sf k|Nxfb ;se/ cfkm\gf kDkaf6 ;a}n] ;xh ?kdf OGwg ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{df sl6a4 /x]sf] atfP . oBlk, g]kfn cfon lgudn] dfu u/]h:tf] t]n cfk"lt{ ug{ g;Sbf o;k|sf/sf] ;d:of w]/} cfO/x]sf] atfpg] pgL jL/uGhaf6 t]n lelqg] qmdaf6} r'xfj6 ePaf6 cfon lgud 3f6fsf] Joj;fo ug{ afWo eO/x]sf] / t]ndf ;/sf/n] ;x'lnot lbg] sfo{ ePdf dx+ufO{ ga9\g] pgsf] 7x/ 5 . csf]{tkm{ g]kfnsf] t]n ahf/df g]kfn cfon lgudsf] Psflwsf/ ePsf]n] klg k|foM t]ndf s]xL tndfly kgf{;fy xfxfsf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] nflu k|lt:kwL{ csf]{ t]n sDkgL cToGt cfjZos eO;s]sf] pgsf] lgisif{ 5 .

    t]nsf] Jofkf/sf] cnfjf emfkffdf of] jif{af6 xfO8«f] sDkgL klg kfl/jfl/s sDkgLsf] ¿kdf lj:tf/ eO;s]sf] atfpg] k|Nxfbsf] uLt ufog ;fg}b]lvsf] ;f}v xf] . of] ;f}vnfO{ k"/f ug{ n'sLl5kL ;+3if{ ug{ afWo ag]sf] Tof] If0fnfO{ oltv]/ pgL ;lDem/x]sf 5g\ . s'g} a]nf k|Nxfb ;fg} x'Fbf lktf ;Ltf/fd ltldlN;gfn] nxnx}df nfu]/ rnlrqdf %) xhf/ nufgL u/] k l g lkmNdL /fhgLltn] gf]S;fgLdf k/]kl5 snf If]qdf lktfsf] df]xe+u ePsf] lyof] . o;n] ubf{ cfkm\gf ;Gtfg o; If]qdf e'n]/ klg gnfuf];\ eGg] pgsf] rfxgf /x]sf]

    5 . To;n] ubf{ snf If]qdf cfpg rfx]/ klg l9nf ePsf] atfpg] k|Xnfbsf] klxnf] ;f+uLlts PNad …dxs… xf] . dxssf cf7}j6f uLt nf]slk|o /x]sf 5g\ . tL ;a} uLtsf lel8of] klg tof/ eO;s]sf] 5 .

    Pp6} PNadsf ;a} uLtsf] lel8of] tof/ kfg]{ klxnf] ufossf] ¿kdf pgL g} b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ lel8of] ;lxt dxs PNadsf nflu gub krf; nfv vr]{sf pgdf vr{ u/]cg'?k To;af6 cfp6k'6 /fd|f] cfPsf]df v'zL cjZo 5g\ . t/, dxs PNad a]r]/ xfn;Dd Ps k};f klg xft kfg{ g;s]sf]df pgsf] u'gf;f] klg 5}g . bfd gkfP klg dxsn] gfd lbPsf]df pgL v';L 5g\ . pgL of] jif{ bf];|f] PNad dxs–@ lgsfNg] tof/Ldf /x]sf 5g\ . dxs–@ sf nflu tof/ ePsf] ONnL–laNnL af]nsf] uLt xfn ahf/df rNg yfln;s]sf] 5 . PNad cfpg'cl3 g} j;Gt ;fksf]6fsf] ;+uLt / /fh]Gb| yfkfsf] zAb /x]sf] pQm uLtn] rrf{ kfpg yfn]af6 pgL b+luPsf 5g\ .

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