BEGE -102

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Organization

BEGE -102

BLOCK 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 AND 8

© Copyright PCTI Group 2009 | | <document classification>

UNIT -1

• An Introduction To Phonetics• The Production Of Speech• The Organ Of Speech• A Phonetic Description Of Speech Sounds

(1) Vowels and Consonants

(2) Description of Consonants

(3) Place of Articulation

(4) Manner of Articulation• The Use Of Phonetics Symbols


UNIT -2

• English Vowels -1• The E English Vowels• Vowels In British Received Pronunciation

(1) Pure Vowels

(2) Back Vowels

(3) The Central Vowels

(4) Acceptable Indian Variants


UNIT -3

• English Vowels -2• The English Diphthongs

(1) Closing Diphthongs

(2) Centering Diphthongs


UNIT -4

• English Consonants -1• The English Consonants

(1) The Plosives

(2) The Affricates

(3) The Fricatives• Some Important Contrasts


UNIT -5

• English Consonants – 2• The Nasals

(1) Bilabial Nasal

(2) Alveolar Nasal

(3) Velar Nasal• The Lateral Consonants• The Semi-vowels

(1) Palatal Semi – Vowel

(2) Labia-velar Semi-vowel


UNIT - 6

• Word Stress• Primary Stress And Secondary Stress• How To Mark Stress• Various Stress Patterns• Word Stress Affected By Suffixes• Stress Shift According To The Function Of

Words• Some Important Rules Concerning Word Stress


UNIT -7

• Stress And Rhythm In Connected Speech• Connected Speech • Words To Be Stressed In Connected Speech• Content Words And Grammatical Words• Rhythm• Weak Forms


UNIT -8

Intonation-1

Saying Short Sentences

Saying Longer Sentences

Breath Groups/sense Groups

Tone Groups


UNIT - 9

• Intonation – 2• Choice Of Stressed Syllables In An Utterance• Choice Of The Nucleus


UNIT - 10

• INTONATION – 3• TONES• THE FALLING TONE• THE RISING TONE • THE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF

INTONATION


UNIT -11

• Morphology: The Basic Concepts-1• Identifying The Parts Of A Word

(1) The Criteria

(2) Morphemes

(3) Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes

(4) Affixes, Stems and Roots• How Are Morphemes Combined Into Words?


UNIT -12

• MORPHOLOGY : THE BASIC CONCEPTS-2• DIFFERENT TYPES OF AFFIXES:

INFLECTIONAL VS DERIVATIONAL • COMPOUNDING• CONVERSION• MORPHOPHONOLOGY


UNIT -13

• INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH -1• THE MAJOR PARTS OF SPEECH• INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH

NOUN

(1) Noun Classes

(2) Grammatical Categories Associated with the Noun

(3) Morphology of the Proper Noun

(4) Morphology of the Count Noun

(5) Morphology of the Mass Noun• THE INFLECTIONAL PARADIGM OF THE ENGLISH

NOUN


INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH -2

• INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH PRONOUN

(1) Identifying Pronoun(2) Grammatical Categories Associated with Pronoun(3) The paradigm of Personal Pronoun• INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH

ADJECTIVE(1) Identifying Adjectives(2) The Grammatical Category Associated with

Adjective(3) The Regular Adjectives(4) The Irregular Adjectives(5) The Inflectional Paradigm of the Adjectives



• INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH ENGLISH ADVERB

(1) Identifying Adverbs

(2) Grammatical Categories Associated with the Adverb

(3) Regular and Irregular Adverbs

(4) The Inflectional Paradigm of the Adverb



• IDENTIFYING VERBS• VERB CLASSES• GRAMMATICAL CATERORIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE

ENGLISH VERB1. PERSON AND NUMBER2. TENSE3. ASPECT4. MOOD5. VOICE• MORPHOLOGY OF THE VERB1. THE REGULAR VERBS2. THE IRREGULAR VERBS3. THE BASIC FOR THE REGULAR – IRREGULAR

DISTINCTION4. MORPHONOLOGY• MORPHOLOGY OF THE MIDAL VERB• MORPHOLOGY OF THE PRIMARY VERB• THE INFLECTIONAL PARADIGM OF THE ENGLISH VERB


BLOCK 4

• UNIT -16,17,18,19 AND 20


DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY - 1• DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY :

CHARACTERISTICS• PREFIXATION: TYPES OF PREFIXES1. NEGATIVE PREFIXES2. REVERSATIVE AND PRIVATIVE PREFIXES3. PERJORATIVE PREFIXES4. NUMBER PREFIXES5. PREFIXES OF DEGREE, RANK, SIZE, ETC6. PREFIXES OF TIME AND ORDER7. PREFIXES SHOWING LOCATION8. PREFIXES SHOWING ATTITUDE AND

ORIENTATION9. PREFIXES WHICH CHANGE THE PART OF

SPEECH OF THE STEM


DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY -2

• CLASSIFICATION OF DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES1. THE SCHEME OF CLASSIFICATION2. SAME – SOUNDING SUFFIXES(SUFFIXAL

HOMOPHONES)• DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES OF ENGLISH1. NOUN SUFFIXES: SUFFIXES FORMING NOUNS2. ADJECTIVES SUFFIXES: SUFFIXES FORMING

ADJECTIVE3. NOUN\ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES : SUFFIXES

FORMING WORDS WHICH CAN OCCUR AS NOUNS OR ADJECTIVES

4. VERB SUFFIXES : SUFFIXES FORMING VERBS5. ADVERB SUFFIXES: SUFFIXES FORMING

ADVERBS


DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY -3

• THE NATURE OF CONVERSION1. CONVERSION AND DERIVATION2. CONVERSION AND SUFFIXATION3. FULL AND PARTIAL CONVERSION4. CONVERSION WITH FORMAL

MODIFICATION• TYPES OF CONVERSION: CLASSIFICATION

AND DESCRIPTION1. CLASSIFICATION2. DIRECTION OF CONVERSION3. DESCRIPTION


WORD COMPOUNDING - 1

• CRITERION FOR COMPOUNDS1. THE GRAMMATICAL CRITERION2. THE PHONOLOGICAL CRITERION3. THE MEANING CRITERION4. APPLYING THE CRITERION5. SOME OTHER CONSIDERATION• CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS• SOME MINOR COMPOUND TYPES1. THE COORDINATE COMPOUND2. THE COMBINING- FORM COMPOUND3. THE REDUPLICATIVE COMPOUND4. THE PHRASE COMPOUND


WORD COMPOUNDING - 2• NOUN COMPOUNDS1. NOUN +NOUN2. VERB+NOUN3. NOUN+VERB4. ADJECTIVE+NOUN5. VERB+PARTICLE6. PARTICLE+VERB7. PARTICLE+NOUN• ADJECTIVE COMPOUNDS1. NOUN+ADJECTIVE2. ADJECTIVE+ADJECTIVE3. ADVERB+ADJECTIVE4. ADJECTIVE+NOUN• VERB COMPOUNDS1. NOUN+VERB2. ADJECTIVE+VERB3. PARTICLE+VERB4. ADJECTIVE+VERB


WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

• WHAT IS A SENTENCE?• ORDER• AGREEMENT• TYPES OF SENTENCE• BLOCK LANGUAGE


BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

• BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE• BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN


THE SUBJECT

• THE NOTIONAL VIEW OF “ SUBJECT”• THE GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS OF

“SUBJECT”

1. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

2. QUESTION FORMATION

3. PASSIVE VOICE


THE NATURE OF THE PREDICATE: THE VERB

• VERBAL ELEMENTS OF THE PREDICATE

1. TENSE

2. ASPECT

3. MODALITY

4. VOICE

5. FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERB PHRASES


OBJECTS AND COMPLIMENTS

• INTRODUCTION• OBJECTS, COMPLEMENTS AND

ADVERBIALS• PROPERTIES OF OBJECTS AND

COMPLEMENTS• VOICE


ADVERBIAL

• INTRODUCTION• DEFINING ADVERBS• KINDS OF ADVERBS

1. ADVERBS OF PLACE

2. ADVERBS OF TIME

3. ADVERBS OF MANNER


NEGATIVES

• INTRODUCTION• TYPES OF NEGATION• EXPLICIT NEGATION USING NOT• NON-VERBAL NEGATION• AMBIGUITY SCOPE AND FOCUS


QUESTIONS

• INTRODUCTION• TYPES OF QUESTIONS• STRUCTURE OF QUESTIONS• FUNCTIUONS OF QUESTIONS


IMPERATIVES AND EXCLAMATIONS

• INTRODUCTION• IIIOCUTIONARY FORCE• EXCLAIMATIONS• IMPERATIVES• FORMULAIC UTTERANCES AND BLOCK

LANGUAGE


SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF INDIAN ENGLISH

• INTRODUCTION• WORD ORDER• QUESTIONS• TENSE AND ASPECTS


THE NOUN PHRASE-1THE HEAD: PRE-MODIFICATION

• NOUNS1. NUMBER2. GENDER3. CASE• PRE-MODIFICATION1. THE ARTICLES2. THE ARTICLE WITH COUNTABLE NOUN3. THE ARTICLE WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS4. THE ARTICLE WITH PROPER NOUNS• PRONOUNS1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS2. POSSESIVE PRONOUNS3. REFLIXIVE AND RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS5. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS


THE NOUN PHRASE-2POST-MODIFICATION:THE RELATIVE

CLAUSE• RELATIVE CLAUSES AND APPOSITIVE CLAUSES• RESTRICTIVE AND NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE

CLAUSES• RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES1. STRUCTURE AND FORMATION2. THE RELATIVE PRONOUN3. ADVERBIAL RELATIVES4. HEADLESS RELATIVE CLAUSES5. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES• NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES


THE NOUN PHRASE-3POST-MODIFICATION:THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

• INTRODUCTION• THE RANGE OF PREPOSITITIONAL PHRASE

MODIFICATION• THE PREPOSITION IN THE PREPOSITIONAL

PHRASE• THE INTERPRETATION OF POST-MODIFYING

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE• MULTIPLE MODIFICATION


THE VERB PHRASE-1LEXICAL, AUXILIARY, AND

PHRASAL VERBS

• INTRODUCTION• LEXICAL VERBS• AUXILIARY VERBS• PHRASAL VERBS


THE VERB PHRASE-2TENSE;ASPECT;MODALITY

• TENSE1. PRESENT2. PAST3. FUTURE• ASPECT1. THE PROGRESSIVE2. THE PERFECT3. THE PERFECTPROGRESSIVE• MODALITY1. CAN2. COULD3. MAY4. MIGHT5. SHALL6. SHOULD7. WILL8. WOULD9. MUST10. OUGHT TO


CLAUSE TYPE AND SENTENCE TYPES

• INTRODUCTION• INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSES• TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES• SENTENCE TYPES


COMPOUND SENTENCES

• INTRODUCTION• RELATIONSHIP OF MEANING BETWEEN

COORDINATE CLAUSES• COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS• LINKING OF UNITS SMALLER THAN

CLAUSES• SHORTENED FORMS OF COMPOUND

SENTENCE


COMPLEX SENTENCES -1

• INTRODUCTION• SUBORDINATION AS A LINKING DEVICE• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS• NOUN CLAUSES


COMPLEX SENTENCES - 2

• INTRODUCTION• THE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES• THE NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES• THE SENTENTIAL RELATIVE CLAUSES


COMPLEX SENTENCES - 3

• INTRODUCTION• CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES1. TIME2. PLACE3. PURPOSE AND RESULT4. REASON5. CONDITION6. CONCESSION AND CONTRAST7. MANNER8. COMPARISON

BEGE -102

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