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N Gnqnhmn af Nhivgnwwkqn Dnoqk CR

Zhnok Onwwnqcrk9 mctqwcn af Zkwqv`nh

Onwwnakw9 Rntdk an @nen

N tf`vcw dwctf af >4=4 % >4=6( Rntdk an @nen onwwn n Gnqnhmn af Nhivgnwwkqn

nk wfc af Efhcoaf/ Qwnqn%tf af ve fzctack ghcdk( ok ~vnh tf aftqndne nt bc`vwnt af

Ovok hrnwft Zfwfcwn( dkotcafwnak ven ant zfwtkon`fot enct dkwniktnt an Mctqwcn

af Zkwqv`nh f af A/ Ikk C( eftqwf af Nrct( ~vf dkegnqfoak nk hnak ak f}wdcqk( codcqn

kt tkhanakt zkwqv`vftft n hvqnwfe dkoqwn kt cocec`kt/ cezkwqnoqf wfbfwcw ~vf k

f}wdcqk dntqfhmnok fwn ~vnqwk rfyft enckw ~vf k zkwqv`vt f ~vf oftqn gnqnhmn ftqnrn

fe dnvtn n coafzfoaodcn af Zkwqv`nh/

N Gnqnhmn af Nhivgnwwkqn qwnrkv%tf ok acn >1 af N`ktqk af >4=6( foqwfzkwqv`vftft f dntqfhmnokt( f ftq cotfwcan ok dkoivoqk af dkobwkoqkt ekqcrnakt zfhn

hvqn an tvdfttk nk qwkok zkwqv`vt/

Ftqn gnqnhmn bkc ve ekefoqk nhqk f cezkwqnoqf on hvqn dke Dntqfhn( zkct

aftekwnhcykv k cocec`k f n~vfhft ~vf k nzkcnrne( f zwnqcdnefoqf nttf`vwkv n

dkoqcovcanaf an coafzfoaodcn ondckonh/

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7

Gnqnhmn af Nhivgnwwkqn -ftq/ 7= n 16#

Qfen f acrctk fe znwqft9

K qf}qk( dvik qfen n aftdwck an gnqnhmn af Nhivgnwwkqn( zkaf acrcacw%tf fe

qwt znwqft h`cdnt/ N zwcefcwn znwqf -ftq/ 7= f 73# dkotqcqvc ven ftzdcf af

coqwkavk( fe ~vf k zkfqn nttconhn k qfwwrfh fbfcqk zwkrkdnak( on onqvwfyn f ont

zfttknt( zfhk ftznoqktk tconh hnonak zfhn qwkegfqn dntqfhmnon znwn k dkefk an

gnqnhmn/ N tf`voan znwqf % aftforkhrcefoqk -ftq/ 4: n 17# n aftdwck

zwkzwcnefoqf acqn an gnqnhmn -foqwfdkwqnan zkw ve dkefoqwck fekqcrk ak zkfqn on

ftqwkbf 44#( fe ~vf tf wfnhn n nk af Ovok hrnwft -ftq/ 4:( 41 f 46#( k ekrcefoqk

qfwwcbcdnefoqf gnwvhmfoqk f dkobvtk an wfbwf`n -4>#( n wfbfwodcn nkt cwekt af Ovok

hrnwft ~vf hvqnrne ak hnak akt dntqfhmnokt f wftzfqcrk dkefoqwck ak zkfqn -47 f

44#( n nk af A/ Ikk C( ~vf( dkek dmfbf f wfc( n qkakt foqvtcntenrn ok t dke

znhnrwnt( ent qnege dke k f}fezhk -foqwf nt tfqnt akt cocec`kt dkwwk f rkv

zwcefcwk#/

Bconhefoqf( n qfwdfcwn f hqcen znwqf % dkodhvtk -ftq/ 14%16# nzwftfoqn%okt n

aftekwnhcynk f bv`n aftntqwktn akt dntqfhmnokt f n rcqwcn fvbwcdn akt

zkwqv`vftft/

Zwcefcwn znwqf % Coqwkavk -ftq/ 7= f 73#

Toqftf

N qwkegfqn dntqfhmnon a k tconh znwn n `vfwwn f ftqf fdkn zkw qkan n Zfootvhn

Cgwcdn( aftaf k Dngk Bcoctqfwwn nk @vnacnon( aftaf k Akvwk nk Nhfoqfik/ Nt eft

nzfwqne kt bchmkt dkoqwn kt zfcqkt/ M wktqkt tfe dkw f k qfwwkw `wnoaf( evcqnt rfyft

enckw ak ~vf k zwzwck zfwc`k/ Avwnoqf k dkegnqf nt zfttknt( dke k bvwkw af rfodfw(

ft~vfdfe%tf ak zfwc`k f an zkttcgchcanaf af bcdnwfe bfwcant kv eftek af zfwafwfe n

zwzwcn rcan/

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4

Nohctf ftqchtqcdn ant ftqwkbft 7= f 739

: zkfqn wfnhn hk`k k qwfefoak tconh af dkegnqf( anak zfhkt dntqfhmnokt( zkw

efck akt naifqcrkt mkwwfoak( bfwk( co`foqf( qfefwktk( tke qfwwgch/ Dke k bce af wfnhnw

k fbfcqk zwkavycak zkw fttf qwfefoak tke an qwkegfqn dntqfhmnon( m n zfwtkocbcdnkaf tfwft an onqvwfyn btcdn -k ekoqf( kt wckt# ~vf( fhft zwzwckt( qwfefwne bwfoqf n

fttf qfwwrfh tconh af `vfwwn/ Nttkdcnan zfwtkocbcdnk tvw`f qnege n mczwgkhf9 k

@vnacnon nqwt qkwokv nt koant af efawktk< dkwwfv nk enw k Qfik avrcaktk/ Dkek

tegkhk ak efak f qfwwkw aftqf tke an `vfwwn nznwfdf n qfwovwn ant eft( nkt zfcqkt

kt bchmcomkt nzfwqnoak/ K fbfcqk aftqf tconh af `vfwwn ncoan wfnhnak zfhkt wktqkt

endchfoqkt -~vnoqkt wktqkt nhc tf rffe tfe dkw#/ Znwn wfnhnw ftqf znrkw ~vf zwfdfafv

n zwzwcn gnqnhmn( k zkfqn nbcwen( fe ifcqk af dkodhvtk( ~vf okt zfwc`kt `wnoaft( kqfekw enckw evcqnt rfyft ~vf k zfwc`k/

Tf`voan znwqf % Aftforkhrcefoqk -ftq/ 4: n 17#

Toqftf

N `vfwwn dkefn/ Vot tk

ekrcakt zfhn afbftn an tvn zwzwcn

qfwwn f kvqwkt zfhk aftfik af rcqwcn/ Kt

cocec`kt tk evcqk ovefwktkt( ent kt

zkwqv`vftft afbfoafe%tf dke

gwnrvwn/ A/ Ovok hrnwft Zfwfcwn

aftqndn%tf on hvqn/ A/ Ack`k f A/

Zfawk Zfwfcwn( cwekt af Ovok hrnwft

Zfwfcwn( ftqk n dkegnqfw dkoqwn fhf(

-dntk bfck f dwvfh# % ok foqnoqk( ok qk `wnrf dkek dkegnqfw dkoqwn k wfc f n zqwcn/

Ok zwcefcwk ft~vnawk m zkwqv`vftft ~vf wfof`nwne n zqwcn f dkegnqfe dkoqwn

tfvt cwekt/ A/ Ikk C( tngfoak ~vf A/ Ovok hrnwft dkwwcn zfwc`k( ndvacv hcomn an

bwfoqf znwn nzkcnw kt `vfwwfcwkt dke n tvn zwftfon f znhnrwnt af fodkwninefoqk f(

dke ve ocdk qcwk( enqkv evcqkt narfwtwckt/ Afzkct aftqn tcqvnk( kt zkwqv`vftft

enct foqvtcntenakt hvqne tfe wfdfnwfe zfwafw n rcan/ Evcqkt tk bfwcakt( evcqkt

ekwwfe( ent n gnoafcwn dntqfhmnon afwwvgnan nkt zt an hvtcqnon/

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Dke n ~vfan an gnoafcwn dntqfhmnon( n gnqnhmn qkwokv%tf ncoan enct dwvfh/ Tfe

bkwnt znwn dkegnqfwfe( kt dntqfhmnokt dkefne n bv`cw f k wfc af Dntqfhn r%tf

afwwkqnak f cezfacak af nqco`cw k tfv zwkztcqk/

Nohctf ftqchtqcdn an ftqwkbf 4>9On ftqwkbf 4> okqf%tf n f}zwfttcrcanaf akt naifqcrkt9 ftzfttknw -n tnhcfoqnw

~vf n zwzwcn nqektbfwn tf ektqwnrn af nwdnwwf`nak#( ftqwcafoqftbnwzft( zt avwkt(

nwafoqft dnrnhkt( avwnt nwent< n f}zwfttcrcanaf akt rfwgkt9 qcwkt rknrne( qwfef n

qfwwn< rnhft tkne( ftzfanne%tfnt hnont( qvak nqwkne( wfdwftdfe kt cocec`kt/ M

qnege n corfwtk an kwafe ant znhnrwnt -mczwgnqk#( nk `ktqk dhttcdk/ Ent k ~vf

enct cezwfttckon oftqn ftqwkbf n naecwrfh mnwekocn cecqnqcrn -kokenqkzncdn# ~vf

f}ctqf foqwf k tfv dkwzk bocdk f k gnwvhmk an gnqnhmn/ Dkek f}fezhk( nzkoqf%tf nbwf~vodcn ant tcgchnoqft akt qwt zwcefcwkt rfwtkt f ak 6( tv`fwcoak k tcgchnw ant

tfqnt< nt nhcqfwnft rfwcbcdnant tkgwfqvak okt rfwtkt 4 f 2< n bwf~vodcn akt ww(

tkgwfqvak ok rfwtkt 7( 1 f 2( cecqnoak k tke wtzcak f wvaf an wfbwf`n/ M ncoan k

wcqek zwzwck ak rfwtk mfwkcdk( dke kt ndfoqkt on tf}qn f adcen thngnt( n nhqfwoodcn

af wcqekt -gcowck f qfwowck# f n bwf~vodcn ant kdhvtcrnt -z( q( a( g( d#( qvak ctqk

tv`fwcoak( tkgwfqvak okt ~vnqwk zwcefcwkt rfwtkt( k qwkzfh akt dnrnhkt/ Kgtfwrf%tf(

bconhefoqf( k qwkdnachmk okt akct hqcekt rfwtkt zkvdn f nzkvdn/

Fe zkvdkt qf}qkt an okttn hcqfwnqvwn k tc`ocbcdnoqf qfw qnoqn cezkwqodcn dkek

oftqn ftqwkbf 4>( znwn anw rctvnhcanaf f cezwfttckoctek efotn`fe/

N~vc nt znhnrwnt rnhfe ~vntf qnoqk zfhk tfv dkwzk bocdk -tc`ocbcdnoqf# dkek zfhk tfv

tc`ocbcdnak( on dkotqwvk an efotn`fe/ Rfin%tf dkek k dkwzk bocdk ant znhnrwnt

tvghcomn k tfv tc`ocbcdnak oftqft akct rfwtkt( fe ~vf nt nhcqfwnft f n tvdfttk af

tcgchnoqft tf nhcne nk fodnrnh`nefoqk( znwn tv`fwcwfe n dnqnavzn ftqchmnnoqf af

hnont f nwent ont tvdfttcrnt ~vfant9

Ftzfanne%tf nt hnont( f nt bwf~vfoqft^vfant dk nt avwnt nwent qvak nqwkne/

Coqfok f fbfcqk an ftqwkbf 449

Ftqn coqfwrfok fekdckonh ak zkfqn( nzktqwkbnoak

dhfgwft qwncakwft an zqwcn( tfwrf znwn( fe ifcqk af dkwk on

qwn`acn( zw fe frcaodcn f dkefoqnw k dntk bfck f dwvfh af

akct cwekt af Ovok hrnwft tf fodkoqwnwfe ak hnak akt

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dntqfhmnokt( hvqnoak dkoqwn n tvn zqwcn f dkoqwn tfv cwek/ N aftdwck an gnqnhmn

ve fzctack fttfodcnhefoqf dnrnhfcwftdk( akeconak ak zwcodzck nk bce zfhn gwnrvwn

znqwcqcdn af Ovok hrnwft/ K bndqk af tvw`cwfe akct cwekt( dkek fhf zkwqv`vftft

-fttft wfof`nakt#( hvqnoak dkoqwn n zqwcn f dkoqwn k cwek( nhe af dkobfwcw enckw

awnenqctek aftdwck zfhk ~vf m af dmkdnoqf fe tfefhmnoqf qwnck( rfe wfnhnw nbc`vwn cezkhvqnefoqf znqwcqcdn af Ovok hrnwft/ N aftdwck an gnqnhmn af Nhivgnwwkqn

%okt anan zfhk zkfqn tkgwfqvak dkek ve ~vnawk f}nhqnakw af Ovok hrnwft/

Qfwdfcwn znwqf % Dkodhvtk -ftq/ 14 n 16#

Toqftf

Kt dntqfhmnokt bk`fe rfodcakt f fodkgwfe n akw ant ekwqft( n e`kn( n aftkown(

enhacyfoak f ghntbfenoak af ~vfe corfoqkv n `vfwwn kv nqwcgvcoak n dvhzn tfaf afzkafw f dkgcn/ A/ Ikk C znttn nh`vot acnt ok dnezk af gnqnhmn znwn dkefekwnw f

n`wnafdfw n Afvt n rcqwcn dke kbfwqnt f wkenwcnt( ent A/ Ovok hrnwft

Zfwfcwn( ~vf t ~vfw tfw wfdkwanak zfhkt bfcqkt ghcdkt( afthkdn%tf znwn k Nhfoqfik/

Okqn gfe9

N mczwgkhf n bc`vwn af ftqchk ~vf enct dkoqwcgvc znwn k qke zcdk aftqf

fzctack/ K tfv vtk ndfoqvn( zkw f}fezhk9

% k efak an gnqnhmn9 ^vnoqkt wktqkt nhc tf rfe tfe dkw( ftq/ 73( r/>