As “Forças Especiais” Americanas

7/27/2019 As Foras Especiais Americanas

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inteligenciaeconomica.com.pt/?p=16804 1/18

As Foras Especiais Americanas08/03/2013

O 11 de Setembro teve imensas consequncias, a todos os nveis. Uma delas (e no a

menos importante) foi a de colocar no radar a questo da guerra assimtrica. Com o

golpe de Bin Laden, os EUA descobriam que, sados de dcadas de guerra fria com a

URSS, tinham um aparelho militar vocacionado para um afrontamento com outra super-

potncia, a raciocinar em termos de afrontamento clssico, e que o que, literalmente,

lhes caia em cima era uma entidade no-estatal, usando material militar de ocasio e

no-convencional. Durante meses foi a incompreenso, o desnorte e um pr em causa de

todos os modos e formas de trabalho que tinham falhado, permitindo que os EUA fossem

atingidos no seu corao por um bando de piratas modernos. No repensar do

posicionamento face a esta indita guerra assimtrica, o Special Operations Command,

o SOCOM, ganhou uma indita dimenso e as Foras Especiais cresceram de forma

indita e tornaram-se a ponta de lana da resposta americana. Descubra aqui quem so e

o que fazem esses super-treinados e letais guerreiros da sombra.

Combined Applications Group is their old name, some call them Delta

via AmericanSpecialOps.com/photos/

The Most Elite Special Forces In The US

Geoffrey Ingersoll | Feb. 26, 2013, 8:42 PM | 439,054 | 54

Ever since the Osama bin Laden raid, America has gone bonkers for U.S. Navy SEALs and MilitarySpecial Operators in general. The Special Operations Command, or SOCOM, is scheduled forspending and personnel increases while the rest of the military looks to be making cuts. Endstrength goals indicate that Americas entire crop of military operators will top off at 70,000. Infact, the number of operators has doubled since 9/11, and their budget tripled from $3.5 billion to$10.5 billion. The trend w ill likely continue as the U.S. is in the middle of a shift to smaller footprinttype operations.

Putting 100 thousand troops and countless private support personnel on the ground in any given

country sometimes referred to as nation building is a costly strategy. Putting a boot or twoon Osama bin Ladens door arguably cost more in political currency Pakistan wasnt too happy

than actual currency.

Though it was the SEALs who performed that raid in Abbottabad, its worth noting there are quite
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a few more SpecOps units in the U.S. than just SEALs Green Berets and Marine Snipers, etc.

so we here at Business Insider have made things easy by assembling a comprehensive list of all

the SpecOps units we could find (with help from the extensive descriptions

on AmericanSpecialOps.com).

Division Marine Recon


Marine Reconnaissance teams provide intelligence for active small unit operations on the

battlefield. Those with Marine Sniper quals can also provide accurate demoralizing small arms fire

from a distance.

Marine Recon is arguably in the top five of all special operators capable of harassing an entire

enemy bat talion for long periods of time; tracking enemy units for larger American forces; or

conducting well-orchestrated raids on high-valued targets.

These guys are the gems in the crown of the United States Marine Corps.

Air Force Special Operations Weatherman

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No, its not a joke. They can literally forecast the weather above a fight, kill the enemy, and

direct artillery simultaneously.

The official mission of the U.S. Air Force field weatherman is as a ground-level, small-unit

meteorologist who provides accurate forecasts for the purpose of air asset deployment (bombs

and stuff).

USMC Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company ANGLICO


The Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company is another group that often finds itself in the shadow of

sexier special operations units like the SEALs. A single ANGLICO Marine can coordinate a hellish

rain of fiery artillery and air-strafing fire on the enemy though, whereas all a SEAL can do is pull a

trigger.

Typically they dont deploy as individuals, but like any SpecOps group, in teams of four or five.

A typical ANGLICO team:

Team Leader (Captain or Navy Lieutenant): any ground MOS typically JTAC (Joint Terminal Attack

Controller)-qualified artillery officer.

Team Chief (Sergeant), typically qualified as JFO (joint fires observer) and as a JTAC.

Radio Chief (Corporal or Sergeant).

Junior Radio Operator (Private First Class / Lance Corporal).

Fire Support Man / Scout Observer (Private First Class / Lance Corporal).

USMC Amphibious Recon Platoons
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Amphibious Recon Platoons draw their personnel from Battalion Recon Units and typically support

direct action Force Reconnaissance Operations as well as Naval Fleet Operations.

They hold all the same certs, generally speaking, of Recon Marines because they are Recon

Marines. The only difference are their tasks:

To determine characteristics of beaches available for landing, and report the

information to the commander at sea.

1. By hydrographic reconnaissance of water near the shore line.

2. By examining te rrain in immediate vicinity of beach.

3. By noting beach defenses, such as w ire, mines, and other obstacles; troops in immediate

vicinity; other defenses.

Air Force Combat Controllers

via AmericanSpecialOps.com
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Combat controllers are among the most elite in the military. Top 10 easy. These guys are

independent operators, like Marine Recon, except with more air assets.

They are experts at stealth insertion well behind enemy lines and are often just a disembodied

voice for other ground troops, like SEALs, as they provide air support coordination. Theyre often

on the ground picking targets in Americas bombing campaigns and likely played a key role in the

Libyan revolution.

They hold a lot of the most high-speed spec ial operations certifications:

Combat Control Orientation Course , Lackland AFB, Texas.

Combat Control Operator Course , Keesler AFB, Miss.

U.S. Army Airborne School, Fort Benning, Ga.

U.S. Air Force Basic Survival School, Fairchild AFB, Wash.

Combat Control School, Pope AFB, N.C.

Special Tactics Advanced Skills Training, Hurlburt Field, Fla.

U.S. Army Military Freefall Parachutist School, Fort Bragg, N.C., and Yuma Proving Grounds, Ariz.

U. S. Air Force Combat Divers School, Panama City, Fla.

Army Combined Applications Group


The uncontested number one heavy-weight champ. The operators of operators, crme de la

crme even the SEALs who killed bin Laden wish they were a part of this crew.

Combined Applications Group is their old name, some call them Delta, but that was never an

official name either. These guys are the absolute tip of the spear Matt Bissonnette, one of the

SEALs on the bin Laden raid, mentioned them in his book No Easy Day as if they were gods.

They are also the only group of special operators outside of SEAL Team 6 (ST6) where direct

close contact with the enemy is a guarantee upon acceptance, regardless of whether

America is officially at war or not.

They recruit from the nations highest special operations units, only twice a year, to include ST6.
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These are just a couple initial tests they have to pass:

A timed 18-mile ruck-march at night in which the candidate must carry 35 pounds in their

rucksack.

A timed 40 mile route while carrying a 45 pound ruck sack over rough, steep terrain.

Then they have a rigorous battery of psychological tests. If, after those tests, theyre found to

qualify, they attend a six-month training course.

If they pass the course, they cease to exist. Its said they work hand-in-hand with the nations

highest paramilitary and intelligence agencies.

US Navy SEALs


SEAL stands for SEa Air and Land special operators, thus the word SEALs. There are eight

Teams of Navy SEALs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10.

Despite having a number, SEAL Team 6 is not counted in the numbered teams. Theyre

commonly called rainbow because they break personnel down into subsections under four colors

Red, Blue, Gold, and Silver (with a special Gray squadron, the boat squad).

Prospective Navy SEALs attend a course called Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL, or BUD/S.

Total SEAL training consists of:

Preparation School

4 12 weeks at the Naval Special Warfare Preparatory School.

Indoctrination Test

3 weeks o f physical tests.

BUD/S

25 weeks. Week 3, Hell Week, 135 hours of continuous physical demand.

Post Grad

28 weeks at SEAL Qualification Course, which includes all specialized training courses to produce

combat ready Navy SEAL.
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The final test: killing the enemy and coming home

SEAL Team Six Rainbow


At Navy SEAL balls, Ive heard its common to hear SEALs ask each other, Are you a number, or a

color? The colors are (or possibly used to be) Red, Blue, Gold, and Silver.

Theyre a firm number 2 under Army CAG.

SEAL Team 6, the colored SEALs, are those who do off the grid, or black, operations, directly

under Joint Special Operations Command (and so, by a short chain, the president). Under the

designation, Naval Spec ial Operations Development Group, or DEVGRU, these SEALs have three

primary missions:

Counter Terrorism

Since 2001 SEAL Team Six has been focused on operations in and around Afghanistan. The unit is also

able to carry out pre-emptive CT operations.

Close Protection

DEVGRU sometimes provide security for VIPs. For instance DEVGRU provided Afghanistan President

Hamid Karzai with close protection in the early days of his Presidency.

Special Reconnaissance

DEVGRU operators, especially those trained as snipers, are experts at reconnaissance, surveillance

and intelligence gathering operation.

Fleet Antiterrorism Security Teams FAST


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FAST teams get a bum rap from a lot of other special operations units, in large part for them being

comprised of regular straight-leg infantry. Grunts, in other words. Nonetheless, they perform a

special set of tasks.

Their most common mission is to deploy and reinforce American diplomatic missions and embassies.

The Marines within Fleet Antiterrorism Security Teams are skilled in:

Counter surveillance.

Physical security.

Urban combat techniques.

Close quarter combat (CQB).

Martial arts.

Force Reconnaissance Marines

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Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance, otherwise known as Force Recon, are a company-sized

(about 200) recon and direct-action element that falls directly under the Marine Expeditionary

Force commander, or the Naval Strike Group commander, depending on whether theyre aboard a

ship or on land.

Because of their direct line to a commander, Force Recon often finds itself in the position of

performing, lets say, highly sensitive, special operations making Recon a bit of a misnomer.

The sheer amount of training and the scope of their operations put them in a close heat with

numbered SEALs for the number-three rank as top operators.

There are a number of courses they attend, some of which are:

Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course Navy Diving Salvage and Training Center, Naval Support

Activity Panama City, Florida.

Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape School* Navy Remote Training Sites; NAS North Island,

CA or NAS Brunswick, ME.

Army Airborne School* Fort Benning, GA.

United States Army Static Line Jumpmaster School (Fort Benning, Georgia).

United States Army Ranger School (Fort Benning, Georgia).

Special Operations Training Group Schools (i.e. Urban Sniper, HRST, etc.).

Recon and Surveillance Leaders Course Ranger School, Fort Benning, GA.

Pathfinder Course Army Infantry School, Fort Benning, or Army Air Assault School, Fort Campbell,

Kentucky.

Marine Special Operations Command MARSOC


Though MARSOC Marines tend to be former Recon or Infantry, any Marine with the guts to give it

a shot and the muscle to match can end up as an operator for Special Operations Command

(SOCOM), the unit MARSOC falls beneath.

They also remain somewhat of a sore spot among Marines common among complaints are that


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anyone can try out, they dont fall under traditional Marine command structures, they think

theyre special, etc.

The indoctrination for MARSOC is quite rigorous:

Assessment and Selection Preparation and Orientation Course A 21-day course that is basically

just practice for the rea l initial test.

Assessment and Selection A 19-day course which weeds out anyone unable to complete the

grueling 7-month training evolution to become MARSOC.

Upon graduation, students will attend a course broken down into four phases:

Phase 1 Communications and combat medicine the culmination of this phase is completion of

the Survival Evade Resist Escape school.

Phase 2 Amphibious operations, tactics, weapons and special reconnaissance.

Phase 3 Urban operations: marksmanship, close quarters battle and urban combat.

Phase 4 Eight weeks of irregular warfare training, followed by the culminating exercise.

The Maritime Raid Force MRF


Piracy is such a problem, the Navy decided to take the best of its personnel, throw them in high-

speed boats, and set them on some pirates.

The Maritime Raid Force is basically a bunch of really good, really aggressive trigger-pullers who

fearlessly hit pirates hard, right in the mouth. Its essentially the Navys All Star team for

countering pirates a hodgepodge of Navy and Marine personnel, SEALs, Marine Snipers, and

Recon, who often draw off knowledge from the Amphibious Reconnaissance Platoon to conduct

counter-piracy and interdiction operations.

Though they dont conduct a wide array of special operations, their targeted and highly trainednature earns them a spot on the BI list.

The different occupational specialties in the MRF are:
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Assault Element: Navy SEALs or Recon Marines .

Security Element: Infantry Marines, Snipers.

Support Element: Radio, intel, forward air controllers, etc.

Aviation, Close Air Support: Marine personnel typically supersede Naval pilots in this task.

Coast Guard Maritime Safety and Security Teams MSST


Yes, the Coast Guard has special operations. These operators fall under the Deployable Operations

Group, and attend training in Advanced Tactical Boat Operations and Anti-terrorism Forceprotection at the Joint Maritime Training Center at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. (Camp Lejeune

is also home to most East Coast Marines.)

Though not super high on the special list, theyre elite nature means they have to be first-

responders to counter narcotics shipments, weapons shipments, and even acts of terrorism.

Coasties who complete MSST training are prepared for and will execute the following missions:

Maritime interdiction and law enforcement

Anti-terrorism/Force Protection

CBRN-E Detection

Vertical Insertion (commonly referred to as Fast Roping)

Search and Rescue (limited)

Port Protection/Anti-sabotage

Underwater Port Security

Canine Handling Teams (Explosive detection)

Tactical Boat Operations

Hook and Climb

Non-compliant boarding operations
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Air Force Pararescue Jumpers PJ


Pararescue jumpers insert well behind enemy lines in order to rescue lost personnel, typically

pilots.

Just a tick less cool than their combat controller brethren, simply because their main mission is to

rescue, not to attack they fall just outside the top 5. Nonetheless, they have to be ready to

fight off hundreds of enemy fighters by means of clever guerrilla warfare, traps and specialized

small unit tac tics.

Certainly they cant expect a prima donna pilot to adequately defend himself, so theyre well

trained and super aggressive.

Pararescuemen training covers:

Parachute training (both basic and HALO, High Altitude Low Opening)

Combat diving

Underwater egress training

Basic survival

Paramedic training

Pararescue recovery specialist course

US Army Rangers


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Rangers are the Armys elite, light infantry shock-troops airborne qualified and tough as nails,

they can either support higher units like Army Delta or conduct raids on the enemy

themselves. Assuming a recruit enters the Army with a contract to be a Ranger, itll take about a

year of training to go from civilian to basically trained Army Ranger.

As the Armys shock troops, they do conduct special operations, but oftentimes those ops fall in

line with what regular Marine infantry does in this way, they are elite, but certainly not close to

the top dogs.

Courses and qualifications include:

Military freefall

Combat diving

Survival Evasion Resistance Escape

Jump master (parachuting)

Combatives instructor

Combat lifesaver (medical first response)

Pathfinder (survival)

Language

Mountain Warfare

Recapture Tactics Team Marine Security Forces


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The Recapture Tactics Team is a sub-unit of Marine Security Forces. The SWAT-like unit is

responsible for guarding Naval bases, particularly those in possession of nuclear technology.

Aside from attending Marine Designated Marksman and Close Quarters Battle training, these

Marines also attend Naval demolition breaching courses (not unlike Navy SEALs). All put together,

their main job is to assault a well-fortified room and take back U.S. property not a wide range

of special operations, but still specialized.

There are 3 elements to a Recapture Tactics Team squad:

Breachers

skilled in various methods of entry, including using explosives

Shooters

trained in close quarters battle (CQB)

Designated Marksmen

Sharpshooters, typically armed with M14 Designated Marksmen Rifles, with high powered scopes and

silencers.

Special Activities Division Central Intelligence Agency


The Special Activities Division in the CIA is comprised of only a few hundred people. For good

reason their main mission is complete deniable operations. If Rainbow Six is Black Operations,
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then SAD is the shadow cast by those operations.

The Agency can and does recruit from within for these positions, sending Agents through the

actual military pipeline to get organically trained agents. They also hire former SEALs, Green

Berets, and Marine Recon.

They break down into three branches:

Ground BranchSAD Ground Branch operatives are experts in field craft, surveillance, small arms, hostage rescue, CQB

and advanced driving. Many former Army Special Forces soldiers and Delta Force operators find their

way into Ground Branch.

Maritime Branch

As the name suggests, SAD Maritime Branchs focus is on amphibious operations and as such tends to

recruit ex SEALs and Force Recon Marines as its operators.

Air Branch

SADs aviation wing.

Marine Scout Snipers


Scout Snipers are subject matter experts on identification of high valued targets, visual

reconnaissance, and ingress and egress, without detection, from enemy occupied territory.

Oh yeah, and they can shoot hair off a ticks behind from a kilometer away.

Theyre not super elite in that the military will use them for raids, but their expertise at recon and

shooting high-valued targets in the face puts them squarely into the realm of special operations.

Their 8.5 week initial training consists of:

Marksmanship and field craft:Running. Running. More running. Students also learn how to sketch terrain, read targets through a

spotter scope, and hit targets at known distances.

Stalking:


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Students learn how to enter a contested area unnoticed, scout that area, and exit unnoticed

meanwhile, trained, hardened sniper instructors scan the area with high powered binoculars, looking

for the students.

Unknown Distance Range:

Students fire at targets upward of a kilometer away, without being told exactly what the distance or

elevation is. The Marines must accurately range and hit their own targets.

Navy Special Warfare Combat-craft Crewmen SWCC


When the SEALs are in a bind, they call SWCC.

Combat Crewman provide highly aggressive, tactical exfiltration of SEAL units. They can be loud

and destructive, or quite quiet, as they aid and reinforce SEALs who may or may not be in a

particularly nasty situation.

Eliteness: Not as high level as Force Recon, but not quite in the middle with Rangers.

To become a basically trained crewman, a sailor must complete:

3 weeks Indoctrination Course at NAB Coronado, Ca lifornia

8 weeks Basic Crewman Training (BCT) training a t the Naval Special Warfare Center, NAB Coronado

21-week SWCC Crewman Qualification Training (CQT) at NAB Coronado

Army Green Berets Special Forces
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Army Green Berets are among the most elite groups in the world, and provide a pipeline to higher

units, like the Armys Delta CAG, and the CIA SAD.

They have about as much street-cred as numbered SEALs and Force Recon, depending on whos

doing the talking.

Notably, Green Berets have some of the toughest initial training in the entire military (at the risk

of drawing the ire of SEALs and Marine Recon). Their initial test lasts an incredible 24 days, and

thats just to see if you can attend the Green Beret qualification course.

The initial test:

Days 1 3: Physical fitness tests, language training, rucksack marches, basic first a id.

Days 4 19: Map reading, and land navigation over various terrain. weeks Basic

Days 20 22: Long distance trek, long distance land navigation.

Days 23 24: Outprocessing and o fficial selection boards.

And dont forget
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National Guard via Flickr

Air Force:

Tactical Response Force: Kind of like police SWAT teams, except with nuclear bombs. Air

Force TRFs protect nuclear missile silos.

Tactical Air Control Parties (TACP): Tacs guide close air support and artillery by radio or

other communication, often from behind enemy lines.

Army:

Special Operations Aviation Regiment (SOAR): These are the guys in those infamous blackhelicopters. Dubbed The Nightstalkers, theyre a group of upper echelon tactical aviators who

support operators on the ground.

Intelligence Support Activity (ISA): Referred to as The Activity, this Top Secret unit

performs Human Intelligence (HUMINT, spies and assets) operations and Signals Intelligence

(SIGINT, listeners).

Asymmetric Warfare Group (AWG):A group comprised of only about 400 people who

specialize in developing methods to counter asymmetric threats. They advise the officers who

implement policy in the field.

Special Reaction Teams: Army version of c ivilian SWAT teams.

Navy:

Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 84: The Red Wolves are the Navys version Army SOAR.

They provide heliborne support to Navy SEALs and SWCC operators on the ground.

Marine Corps:

Radio Recon Platoon:Radio reconnaissance members are specialized warfighters who also

provide communications to Marine Corps Recon operators.

Special Reaction Teams:A Marine Corps version of civilian SWAT teams.

htt p://www.businessinsider.com/most-elite-special-forces-in-the-us-2013-2?op=1#ixzz2MuqHvbaB
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