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Transcript of apostila-autocad-2011
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AutoCAD 2011 Preview Guide
Power your design projects from concept through completion with AutoCAD2011 software. Your ideas can
take shape with greater clarity and accuracy than ever before, thanks to new surface modeling tools and point
cloud support. New inferred constraints capabilities make working with parametrics easier, and updated
productivity tools help you deliver final design documentation faster than ever. And major updates to
materials and surfaces help you communicate design intent with the impact you demand. With these and
many other new capabilities youve been asking for, AutoCAD 2011 helps you take design and documentation
further.
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TableofContentsUserInterface............................................................................................................................................... 4
DrawingWindow.................................................................................................................................... 4
QuickAccessToolbar.............................................................................................................................. 4
Navigation.............................................................................................................................................. 5
UCSIconand3DGizmos........................................................................................................................ 6
TheRibbon.............................................................................................................................................. 7
VisualStyles............................................................................................................................................ 9
ObjectVisibility....................................................................................................................................... 9
ObjectSelection................................................................................................................................... 10
ObjectCreation.................................................................................................................................... 13
ActionRecorder
....................................................................................................................................
13
Document................................................................................................................................................... 14
ParametricConstraints......................................................................................................................... 14
GeometricConstraints................................................................................................................... 14
DimensionalConstraints................................................................................................................ 18
Transparency........................................................................................................................................ 19
HatchesandGradients......................................................................................................................... 22
Polylines................................................................................................................................................ 25
Splines................................................................................................................................................... 26
ExternalReferences.............................................................................................................................. 27
ScaleLists.............................................................................................................................................. 28
MissingSHXandFontFiles................................................................................................................... 30
TextAlignmentinLinetypes................................................................................................................. 31
Explore........................................................................................................................................................ 31
3DModelingWorkspaces..................................................................................................................... 31
3DObject
Snaps
...................................................................................................................................
32
SolidModeling...................................................................................................................................... 32
SurfaceModeling.................................................................................................................................. 33
SurfaceCreationTools................................................................................................................... 33
SurfaceEditingTools...................................................................................................................... 35
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AnalysisTools................................................................................................................................. 37
ConsistentMaterials............................................................................................................................. 38
MeshModeling..................................................................................................................................... 40
PointClouds.......................................................................................................................................... 41
LearningResources..................................................................................................................................... 43
NewFeaturesWorkshop...................................................................................................................... 43
OnlineHelpSystem.............................................................................................................................. 43
AutodeskSeek............................................................................................................................................. 44
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UserInterfaceAutoCAD2011offersavarietyofuserinterfaceenhancementsthatallowyoutodesignwithgreater
easeandefficiency.
Drawing WindowThedrawingwindowhasbeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011todisplayadarkgraybackgroundinmodelspace.
YoucaneasilymodifythedrawingwindowcolorfromtheDisplaytaboftheOptionsdialogbox.
Thetraditionaldotgridhasbeenreplacedwithhorizontalandverticalgridlinestomoreclosely
representengineeringgraphpaper.Whenthegridisenabled,redandgreenlinesextendfromtheUCS
icontorepresenttheXandYaxesoftheorigin.
Figure1.AutoCAD2011drawingwindow
Quick Access ToolbarTheQuickAccesstoolbardisplaysthenameofthecurrentworkspace.Youcaneasilyselectadifferent
workspaceandaccessotherworkspacetools.Inaddition,thedefaultQuickAccesstoolbarnowincludes
boththeSaveandtheSaveAstools.
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Figure2.Workspacemenu
NavigationAutoCAD2011includesanewNavigationbarwithfrequentlyusednavigationtools,includingAutodesk
SteeringWheels,ViewCube,andShowMotion,aswellasPan,Zoom,andOrbit.Itreplacesthe
navigationtoolsthatwerepreviouslyaccessibleontheStatusbar.Youcancontrolthedisplayofthe
Navigation
bar
for
individual
workspaces
via
a
property
in
the
CUI
dialog
box.
Figure3.CUINavigationbarproperty
TheNavigationbarprovidesintegratedsupportfor3DConnexiondeviceswhenthe3DConnexion
systemdriverispresent.
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Figure4.3DConnexionsettings
TheViewCubehasbeenenhancedtosupportthe2Dwireframevisualstyle,enablingyoutoeasily
changeyourviewpoint.Theclockwiseandcounterclockwisecontrolsareparticularlyusefulforrotating
theviewpointonthe2Dplane.
Figure5.ViewCubenavigation
TheSteeringWheelsSettingsdialogboxhasbeenupdatedforclarityandconsistency.
UCS Icon and 3D GizmosTheUCSiconhasbeenupdatedtodisplayadifferentcolorforeachaxis:Xforred,Yforgreen,andZfor
blue.Inaddition,theappearanceof3Dgizmoshasbeenupdatedforclarityandconsistency.
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Figure6.
UCS
icon
and
3D
gizmos
The RibbonAnewpulldownmenuhasbeenaddedtotheribboncyclebuttonattheendofthelistoftabs.Youcan
minimizetheribbontopanelbuttons,tabs,orpaneltitles.
Figure7.Ribboncycleoptions
Whenyouminimizetheribbontopanelbuttons,largeiconsappearforeachpanel.Hoveringoverthe
buttoncausesthepaneltoexpand,similartothebehavioryouseewhentheribbonisminimizedto
paneltitles.
Figure8.Ribbonpanelbuttons
TheInserttabincludesaPointCloudpaneltosupportthenewPointCloudfunctionality.Inaddition,a
newContentpanelprovideseasyaccesstoDesignCenterandAutodeskSeekwebservice.Autodesk
SeekhasbeenremovedfromtheOutputtab.
Figure9.Inserttab
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TheViewtabhasbeenupdatedtoincludetheVisualStylespanel,providingyouwitheasyaccessto
predefinedvisualstyles,theVisualStylesManager,andothervisualstylescontrols.TheWindowspanel
includesnewUserInterfaceandToolbarcontrolsthatenableyoutoeasilytogglethedisplayofvarious
userinterfaceelements,includingAutodeskViewCubeandShowMotionnavigationwidgets,the
Navigationbar,andtheTextwindow.TheStatusbarcontrols,whichhavebeenremovedfromthe
Windowspanel,
are
still
easily
accessible
from
the
Status
bar.
Figure10.Viewtab
CustomizableribbonfunctionalityintheCustomizeUserInterfacedialogboxhasbeenenhancedto
includenewFoldpanels.AsyouchangethesizeofyourAutoCADwindoworaddandremovepanels
fromatab,Foldpanelsresizehorizontallytofilltheavailablespace.Foldpanelpropertiesenableyouto
specifydefault,
maximium,
and
minimum
button
sizes.
Figure11.CUIRibbonFoldPanel.
Forexample,theFoldpaneldefinedabovecouldhavethefollowingdefault,maximum,andminimum
appearances.
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Figure12.
Example
Fold
panel
Visual StylesAutoCAD2011providesfivenewpredefinedvisualstylesincluding:Shaded,ShadedwithEdges,Shades
ofGray,Sketchy,andXRay.Withthemostcommoncombinationsofvisualstylepropertiesrightatyour
fingertips,visualstylesareeasiertousethanever.
Figure13.
Visual
styles
Object VisibilityAutoCAD2011includesnewtoolsthatenableyoutocontrolobjectvisibilityindependentfromlayer
visibility.TheObjectVisibilitytoolsareaccessiblefromtherightclickmenuwhenobjectsareselectedas
wellaswhennoobjectsareselected.WhenyouusetheIsolateObjectstool,onlytheselectedobjects
remainvisibleinthedrawing.Allotherobjectsarehidden.
Figure14.Isolatedobjects
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Alternatively,whenyouusetheHideObjectstool,theselectedobjectsarehidden.
Figure15.Hiddenobjects
YoucanuseacombinationoftheIsolateObjectsandHideObjectstoolstoefficientlydisplayonlythe
objectsthatarerelevanttoyourcurrenttask.Forexample,youmightusetheIsolateObjectstoolto
select
an
area
of
the
drawing
you
want
to
edit
and
then
use
the
Hide
Objects
tool
to
hide
additional
objectswithinthatarea.Aftercompletingyourtask,youcanquicklyrestorethehiddenobjectsusing
theEndObjectIsolationtool.
Figure16.EndObjectIsolationtool
TheOBJECTISOLATIONMODEsystemvariablecontrolswhetherisolated/hiddenobjectspersistbetween
drawingsessions.Alightbulbicononthestatusbarindicateswhetherobjectisolationisactiveinthe
drawing.
Figure17.ObjectIsolationstatusicon
Inadditiontotheobviousbenefitsobjectvisibilitycontrolsofferfor2Ddesign,theyrejustasvaluable
for3Dmodeling.
Object Selection
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ThenewSelectSimilartoolenablesyoutoselectanobjectandautomaticallyincludeallotherobjectsof
thesametypeandwiththesameproperties,inanewselectionset.Youcanaccessitfromtherightclick
menuwhenobjectsareselected.
Figure18.
Select
Similar
tool
ASettingsoption(accessiblewhenyouenterSELECTSIMILARatthecommandline)enablesyouto
specifywhichpropertiestofilter. IfonlytheLayerpropertyisenabledwhenyouselectacircle,for
example,AutoCADautomaticallyselectsallcirclesonthesamelayerastheoneyouselected.Ifboththe
LayerandLinetypepropertiesareenabled,however,AutoCADselectsonlythecirclesonthesamelayer
andwiththesamelinetypeastheselectedone.
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Figure19.SelectSimilarSettingsdialogbox
The
Select
Similar
tool
also
enables
you
to
select
more
than
one
object
and
create
the
matching
selectionsetaccordingly.Forexample,iftheLayerfilterisenabledandyouselecttwocircles,eachon
differentlayers,AutoCADselectsallthecirclesonbothlayers.If,instead,youselectacircleandaline,
AutoCADselectsallthecirclesonthesamelayerastheselectedcircleandallthelinesonthesamelayer
astheselectedline.Inadditiontogeneralobjectproperties,youcanfilterselectionsbasedonobject
specificproperties,includingobjectstyleandreferencename.ObjectStylepropertiesapplytotextand
mtext,leadersandmleaders,dimensionsandtolerances,andtablesandmultilines.Referencenames
applytoblocksandexternallyreferencedfiles,includingxrefsandimagesaswellasPDF,DWG,or
DGNfiles.
InadditiontothenewSelectSimilartool,anewoptionhasbeenaddedtothePICKADDsystemvariable.
WhenPICKADDissettoavalueof2(asitisnowbydefault),objectsthatyouselectusingtheSELECT
commandremainselectedinapickfirststateevenafteryouendtheSELECTcommand.
Easilyselectoverlappingobjectsusingthenewselectioncyclingfunctionality.Youcanenableselection
cyclingfromacontrolontheStatusbar.Whenyoutrytoselectanobjectthatoverlapsotherobjects,
AutoCADdisplaysalistofalltheoverlappingobjects.Asyoupassthecursoroveranobjectinthelist,
therelevantobjectinthedrawinghighlights.
Figure20.Selectioncyclingtool
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Object CreationThenewAddSelectedtoolenablesyoutoquicklycreateanewobjectinyourdrawingbasedonthe
propertiesofanexistingobject.Forexample,ifyouusetheAddSelectedtoolandselectapolyline,AutoCAD
automaticallylaunchesthePLINEcommandwithbasicobjectpropertiesincludingcolor,layer,linetype,
linetypescale,plotstyle,lineweight,transparency,andmaterialpresettomatchtheselectedobject.
Figure21.AddSelectedtoolAction RecorderTheActionMacroenablesyoutodeleteorinsertusermessagesforViewChangeoperations.
Figure22.ViewChangeeditingtools
Themacrolistdisplaysthemostrecentlyusedmacrosabovetheseparationbarandallavailablemacros
belowit.
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Figure23.ActionmacrolistDocumentAutoCADissynonymouswithdocumentationforgoodreason.Powerfuldocumentationtoolsin
AutoCAD2011helpyouworkevenfasterwithautomation,management,andeditingtoolsthat
minimizerepetitivetasksandspeedyourtimetocompletion.Nomatteryourprojectssizeorscope,
youcan
meet
the
challenge
with
AutoCADcontinuously
leading
and
innovating
documentation
for
over25years.
Parametric ConstraintsThe2DparametricfunctionalityhasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011,andincludespredefined
commandmacrostoaccessoptionswithinintheGEOMCONSTRAINTandDIMCONSTRAINTcommands.
Forexample,insteadoflaunchingtheGEOMCONSTRAINTcommandandthenselectingthe
Perpendicularoption,youcanlaunchtheGCPERPENDICULARcommanddirectly.Repeatingthelast
commandautomaticallyrepeatsthelastcommandaswellasthespecificoption.
Objecthighlighting
when
you
roll
over
an
icon
on
aconstraint
bar
or
when
you
select
aparameter
in
the
ParametersmanagersupportstheVisualEffectssettingsyouspecifyontheSelectiontaboftheOptionsdialog
box(dashedandthickenedbydefault).Additionalimprovementstogeometricanddimensionalconstraint
functionalityenableyoutocreateandeditparametricallyconstrainedgeometryfasterthaneverbefore.
GeometricConstraintsAutoCAD2011significantlysimplifiestheprocessofaddinggeometricconstraintsto2DAutoCAD
geometry.AutoCADcaninfergeometricconstraintsasyoucreateandmodifygeometry.AnewInfer
Constraintbuttononthestatusbarenablesyoutotoggleinferredconstraintsonandoffsimilarto
togglingobjectsnapsonandoff.ThistoggleisalsoavailableontheGeometrictaboftheConstraint
Settingsdialogbox.
Figure24.InferConstraintstool
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UsinginferredconstraintsautomaticallyappliescoincidentconstraintsforEndpoint,Midpoint,Center,
Node,andInsertionobjectssnaps.Forexample,ifyoudrawacirclebysnappingitscentertothe
midpointofaline,AutoCADautomaticallyappliesacoincidentconstraintbetweenthecenterofthe
circleandthemidpointoftheline.Ifyoumovethecircle,thelinegoeswithit.Thesamepowerful
functionalityappliestoeditingcommands.If,forexample,youcopytheinsertionofablocktothe
endpointof
aline,
AutoCAD
automatically
applies
acoincident
constraint
between
those
two
points.
Whenyoumovetheline,theblockmaintainsitspositionattheendpointoftheline.
Figure25.
Editing
with
inferred
constraints
Inadditiontocreatingpointtopointcoincidentconstraintswiththepreviouslymentionedobjectsnaps,
youcanusetheNearestobjectsnaptoapplyacoincidentconstraintbetweenapointandanobject.For
example,ifyoudrawthecenterofacircleonalineusingtheNearestobjectsnap,thecenterofthe
circlehastheflexibilityofmovinganywherealongthelineincludingthevirtualextensionoftheline.
Figure26.Nearestobjectsnapwithinferredconstraints
ThePerpendicularandTangentobjectsnapsautomaticallyapplyperpendicularortangentconstraints
betweentheobjectbeingcreatedoreditedandtheobjectbeingsnappedto.Theyalsoapplyapointto
pointorpointtoobjectcoincidentconstraintifappropriate.UsingtheParallelobjectsnapautomatically
appliesaparallelconstraintbutnocoincidentconstraintsareappliedsince,bydefinition,thetwo
objectsneverintersect.Whenyoudrawhorizontalorverticallinesandpolylinesegments,inferred
horizontalandverticalconstraintsautomaticallyapplytothosesegments.
Inferredconstraintsenhancethebehaviorofrectangles,fillets,andchamfersbyautomaticallyapplying
appropriategeometricconstraints.Forexample,ifyoudrawarectangle(usingtheRECTANGcommand),
AutoCADautomaticallyappliesapairofparallelconstraintsandaperpendicularconstrainttotheclosed
polyline.Whenyoumodifythesizeandshapeoftherectangle,youcanrestassuredthatitwillremaina
rectanglewithparallelsidesandperpendicularcorners.Creatingafilletautomaticallyappliescoincident
andtangentconstraintsbetweenthenewlycreatedarcandtheexistingpairoflineshelpingmaintain
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thefilletevenwhenthearcorlinesaremodified.Similarly,creatingachamferappliescoincident
constraintsbetweenthenewlycreatedlineandtheexistingpairoflines.
Figure27.Filletsandchamferswithinferredconstraints
Evenafteryouveappliedconstraints,youcantemporarilyrelaxthembypressingtheCTRLkeywhile
editingconstrainedobjects.
AutoCAD2011
improves
the
support
of
geometric
constraints
for
ellipses
and
text.
You
can
now
apply
Parallel,Perpendicular,Collinear,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintsbetweenthemajororminoraxes
ofanellipseandotherobjects.
Figure28.
Constraining
an
ellipse
Similarly,youcanapplyParallel,Perpendicular,Collinear,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintstothe
rotationangleoftextobjects.Inaddition,textandmtextobjectsbehaveconsistentlyandpredictably,
withtheidentifiedinsertionpointoftheobjectbeingtheconstrainablepoint.
Figure29.Constrainingtext
TheAutoConstrainfunctionalityinAutoCAD2011hasbeenupdatedtoincludetheEqualconstraint.
WhenyouuseAutoConstrainwiththeEqualoptionenabled,theEqualconstraintisautomatically
appliedtolinesandpolylinesegmentsofequallengthandarcsand/orcirclesofequalradius.
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Constraintbarsareenhancedtoprovidemorecontrolandflexibility.Youcanselectmultipleobjectsfor
showingorhidingconstraintbarsusingstandardselectionmethods,includingWindow,Crossing,Fence,
andImpliedWindow/Crossing.Quicklydisplayallconstraintbarsintheiroriginalpositionusingthenew
Resetoption. And,anewsettingintheGeometrictaboftheConstraintSettingsdialogsenablesyouto
showconstraintbarswhenobjectsareselectedevenifthoseconstraintbarsarecurrentlyhidden.When
thegeometry
is
no
longer
selected,
the
temporarily
displayed
constraint
bars
are,
once
again,
hidden.
Whenyoumoveaconstraintbarandthenedittherelatedgeometry,theconstraintbarmaintainsits
positionrelativetothegeometry.
Figure30.GeometricConstraintsettings
ThenewconstrainticonsforFix,Horizontal,andVerticalconstraintsvisuallyindicatewhethertheyapply
toanobjectortoapoint.Thesymmetricconstrainticonisalsoupdatedtoindicatewhetheritis
identifyingasymmetricalpointorobject,orthesymmetricline.
Constraint Icons Description
Fix Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints
Horizontal Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints
Vertical Differenticonsforfixpointandfixobjectconstraints
Symmetric Differenticonsforsymmetricalpoint,object,andsymmetryline
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DimensionalConstraintsTheDIMCONSTRAINTcommandincludesanewConvertoptiontoconvertassociativedimensionsto
dimensionalconstraintsratherthanitbeingthedefaultbehavior.
Figure31.DIMCONSTRAINToptions
Whenenteringdimensionalconstraintvaluesinplace,youcanclickonanexistingdimensional
constraintto
insert
the
constraint
name.
When
dynamic
dimensional
constraints
reference
another
parameter,theparametertextisprependedwithfx:tohelppreventyoufromaccidentallyassigninga
constantvaluetoaparameterthatreferencesothervariables.
Figure32.Dimensionalconstraints
NewtoolsontheDimensionalPaneloftheParametrictabprovideyouwithmorecontroloverthe
display
of
dimensional
constraints.
Using
the
Show/Hide
tool
you
can
select
the
specific
dimensional
constraintsyouwanttoshoworhide.
Figure33.Dimensionalconstraintvisibilitytools
TheParametersManagerofferssignificantimprovementsinAutoCAD2011.ItincludesanewFilters
panewhereyoucandefineparametergroupsthatdisplayasubsetoftheparameters.Createnewfilter
groupsusing
the
button
at
the
top
of
the
Parameters
Manager
or
by
selecting
the
option
from
the
right
clickmenu.Withyourfiltergroupscreated,youcanthendragparametersintothem.Therightclick
menuforparametersintheParametersManagerisupdatedwithadditionaloptionsincludingtheability
todisplaytheFiltertreeandtoremoveparametersfromagroup.
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Figure34.
Parameter
group
filters
Anewsearchboxfilterstheparametersdisplayedinthegridcontrolbasedontheparametername.
Columntooltipsdisplaythefullnameofthecolumnaswellasadescription.
AdditionalenhancementstotheParametersManagersimplifytheterminologyfordimensional
constraintsanduservariablescreatedinthedrawingeditorversustheblockeditor.TheShowcolumnin
theBlockEditorincludesanewoptiontoconvertbetweendimensionalconstraintparametersoruser
parametersdefinedinthedrawingeditorversustheblockeditor.IntheBlockEditor,iconsaredisplayed
for
action
parameters,
attributes,
and
user
parameters.
TransparencyAutoCAD2011includesanewtransparencypropertythatenablesyoutoapplytransparencytoobjects
andlayersinthesamewayyouapplycolors,linetypes,andlineweights.
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Figure35.
Transparent
objects
Youcansettransparencybylayer,byblock,orindividuallyforanobject.Thedefaulttransparencyvalue
forlayersandobjectsis0,andyoucansetitashighas90.
TheLayerPropertiesManager(paletteanddialog),theLayerStatesManager,theLayerFilterdialog,
andtheLayerTranslatorhaveallbeenupdatedtoreflectthenewtransparencyproperty.IntheLayer
PropertiesManager,anewcolumnforTransparencyisavailableinmodelspaceandlayouts,anda
columnforViewport(VP)Transparencyisavailableinlayoutsandfloatingmodelspaceviewports.
Figure36.
Layer
Transparancy
options
Youcansettransparencyforindividualobjectsjustlikecolorandlinetype.Settingatransparencyvalue
foranindividualobjectoverridesthelayertransparencysettingforthatobject.Youcanaccessobject
transparencyfromanumberofplaces:thePropertiespalette,QuickProperties,ortheribbon.Thenew
CETRANSPARENCYsystemvariablesetsthetransparencypropertyfornewobjects.
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Figure37.ObjectTransparancyoptions
TheSetByLayerSettingsdialoghasbeenupdatedtoincludeTransparencyasoneoftheavailable
properties.
Figure38.SetByLayersettings
TransparencyhasalsobeenaddedtotheQuickSelect,Filter,andMatchPropertySettingsdialogsas
wellastheCHPROP,CHANGE,LAYER,VPLAYER,andLISTcommands.
Figure39.Propertysettings
Abuttonhasbeenaddedtothestatusbartoenableyoutotemporarilyturnofftransparencydisplay
(TRANSPARENCYDISPLAYsystemvariable),similartothebehaviorofthelineweightdisplaybutton.This
doesnotaffectplotting.However,youhavetheoptiontoturnofftransparencywhenplotting.ThePlot
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andPageSetupdialogsbothincludeacheckboxfortransparency(PLOTTRANSPARENCY),similartothe
behaviorforplotstyles.Whenthisoptionisenabled,AutoCADrasterizestheentiredrawingforplotting,
slowingdowntheplottingprocess.
Figure40.Plottransparency
Priorto
AutoCAD
2011,
images
had
asetting,
also
called
transparency,
that
controlled
whether
the
backgroundofabitonalimagewasclearoropaque.Thispropertyhasbeenrenamedtobackground
transparencytodistinguishitfromthenewtransparencyproperty.Youcanapplybothbackground
andobjecttransparenciestoimagesinAutoCAD2011.
Hatches and GradientsTheHatchtoolisstreamlinedinAutoCAD2011forfastercreationandeditingofhatchobjects.Itnow
immediatelypromptsyoutoselectaninternalpointwithoutdisplayingtheHatchdialogbox.Instead,
thenewHatchCreationcontextualtabprovideseasyaccesstoallhatchandgradientoptions.
Figure41.HatchCreationtab
AHatchEditorcontextualribbondisplayssimilarhatchtoolswhenyouselectanexistinghatch.
Figure42.HatchEditingribbontab
TheHatchPreviewfunctionforthepickpointsmethodhasbeenimproved.Now,passingyourcursor
overaneligibleareashowsyouwhatthehatchwouldlooklikeifyouclickedthere.
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Figure43.Hatchpreview
Youcanalsoseetheresultofeachclickasyoupickpointsorobjectsinthedrawing.Keepinmindthat
eventhoughitlooksasthoughahatchwascreatedasyouclicked,itwillnotactuallybeaseparate
objectunlessyouhavetheCreateSeparateHatchesoptionon.
Figure44.CreateSeparateHatchesoption
AutoCAD2011continuestoexpandobjectgripfunctionalitywithanewcentergripfordirect
manipulationofhatchobjects.Youcanusedirectmanipulationtostretchormovethehatchorchange
theorigin,
angle,
or
scale.
These
options
are
available
when
you
hover
over
the
grip.
You
can
either
chooseanoptionfromthelist,oractivatethegripanduseCTRLtocyclethroughthedifferent
behaviors.
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Figure45.Directmanipulationhatchtools
Otherhatchgripbehaviorhasnotchanged,exceptthatstretchisnowthedefaultactionforthe
secondaryormiddlegripsonanonassociativehatch.
Figure46.Stretchhatchaction
Hatchesnowsupportbackgroundcolorinadditiontolinecolor.Thisenablesyoutohavetheeffectof
layeringhatchesinoneobject.
Figure47.Hatchbackgroundcolor
Younowalsohavetheoptiontosetahatchslayerbeforeyoucreateit.Youcanchooseeithertouse
thecurrent
layer
or
to
pick
one
from
your
drawing.
Like
color,
pattern,
and
other
hatch
properties,
layer
isapersistentsettingduringyourdrawingsession.
ThecommandHATCHTOBACKhasbeenintroducedinresponsetoanitemontheAUGIwishlist.Similar
toTEXTTOFRONT,HATCHTOBACKsendshatchesunderneathallotherobjectsinthedrawing.Send
HatchestoBackisavailableontheModifypaneloftheHometabundertheDrawOrderflyout,along
withBringTexttoFrontandBringDimensionstoFront.
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Figure48.SendHatchestoBacktool
ThenewsystemvariableMIRRHATCHenablesyoutomirrorhatcheswhileretainingtheirorientation.
(ThisissimilartotheMIRRTEXTvariable.)Setto0,mirroringhatchesmaintainstheiroriginalangle.
WhenMIRRHATCHissetto1,thehatchanglemirrorsalongwiththerestoftheobjects.
Figure49.Hatchmirrorbehavior
TheHatchObjectLimitsystemvariable(HPOBJWARNING)hasbeenincreasedto10,000from1,000to
reflectthecapabilitiesofcurrentcomputers.Whenalargenumberofobjectsareselectedforhatch
boundarycalculations,itcanresultinslowerperformance.Thankstoincreasedhardwarecapabilities,
though,itnowtakesamuchlargernumberofboundaryobjectstoaffectcalculationspeed.Youmay
nowalsosetthevalueoftheHatchObjectLimityourself.
PolylinesPolylineobjectsinAutoCAD2011nowhaveextragripstomakeeditingthemeasierthanever.In
additiontothefamiliarprimarygripslocatedattheendofeachpolylinesegment,therearenow
additionalsecondarygripslocatedatthemidpointofeachsegment.Thesegrips,likethenewhatch
grips,
are
multifunctional.
The
available
functions
can
be
seen
by
hovering
over
a
grip,
and
you
can
chooseanoptiondirectlyfromthemenuthatappears.
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Figure50.Directmanipulationpolylinetools
Youcanalsoactivatethegripbyclickingonit.Thenyoucancyclethroughtheavailablefunctionsby
pressingCTRL,orchoosingoneoftheoptionsfromtherightclickmenu.Iconsnexttothecursor
indicatetheactivefunction.
SubselectionforpolylineshasbeenrefinedinAutoCAD2011.Tosubselectoneormoresegmentsofa
polyline,holddownCTRLwhileleftclickingonthepolyline.
Figure51.Polylinesubobjectselection
Gripbehaviorforsubselectedsegmentsisidenticaltothebehaviorwhentheentirepolylineisselected.
Youcan
now
use
the
JOIN
command
to
connect
lines,
arcs,
and
polylines
to
3D
polylines,
as
long
as
they
areallcontiguous(inotherwords,theyshareacommonendpoint).Youmustselectthemostcomplex
objectfirst(inthiscase,the3Dpolyline),andtheobjectstobejoineddonotneedtobecoplanar.
SplinesSplineshavebeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011toprovidemoreflexibilityandcontrol.Youcandefinea
splineusingfitpointsorcontrolvertices(CV).CVsplinesaremoreappropriateifyouwillbeusingthem
with3DNURBSsurfaces.
Figure52.FitsplineandControlVerticesspline
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Whendrawingafitspline,youcanspecifyadditionalsettingsforitsstartandendtangencies,tolerance
(howclosethesplinemustcometothefitpoint),andknotparameterization(controllingtheshapeof
thecurveasitpassesthroughthefitpoint).
TheonlyoptionforCVsplinesisDegree,whichcontrolshowmanybendsthesplinecantakeinagiven
span.
Figure53.
CV
spline
Degree
C
Easilyswitchmethods,addandremovepoints,oreditendpointtangenciesusingintuitivegripmenus.
Figure54.Splinetangentdirection
TheSPLINEDITcommandalsohasseveralnewoptions,includingimprovedEditVertexoptions.Youcan
noweasilyaddkinksorsharpcornerstoaspline.
Figure55.Splinekink
YoucanusetheJOINcommandtoconnectlines,arcs,polylines,3Dpolylines,andhelixestosplines,as
longastheyareallcontiguous(inotherwords,theyshareacommonendpoint).Youmustselectthe
mostcomplexobjectfirst(inthiscase,thespline),andtheobjectstobejoineddonotneedtobe
coplanar.
External References
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TheselectionofexternallyreferencedfileshasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011.Whenyouselecta
referenceobjectinthedrawing(xrefs,images,DWFTM,DGN,PDF,dataextractiontables),the
correspondingreferenceisselectedintheExternalReferencespalette.Similarly,ifyouselectfile
referencesfromtheExternalReferencespalette,thereferencesarehighlighted(butnotselected)inthe
drawing,assumingtheyarevisibleinthecurrentview.Youcancontrolthisbehaviorwiththenew
ERHIGHLIGHTsystem
variable.
Figure56.ExternalReferencehighlighting
TheExternalReferencespaletteincludesaoptiontoeasilydetachdataextractiontablesfromadrawing.
Figure57.
Data
Extraction
Table
Detach
option
Scale ListsScalelistfunctionalityhasbeenenhancedinAutoCAD2011tostoreacustomizabledefaultlistof
annotationscalesinthefixedprofileoftheregistry.Youcanusethedefaultscalelisttodefinea
customizedlistofscalesthatautomaticallydisplaysinallyourdrawings.Ascalelistisstillmaintainedin
thedrawing,butyoucaneasilyresetthescalelistinthedrawingtothedefaultlistofscales(metricor
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imperial)definedintheregistry.Whenthescalelistinadrawingisreset,AutoCADpurgestheunused
scalesinthedrawingandthenmergesinthecustomizedlistofscalesfromtheregistryintothedrawing.
YoucancustomizetheDefaultScaleListfromtheUserPreferencesTaboftheOptionsdialogbox.You
canstilleditthescaleliststoredinthedrawingbyaccessingthescalecontrolontheStatusbarorwith
theSCALELISTEDITcommand.
Figure58.
User
Preferences
tab
of
the
Options
dialog
box
TheDefaultScaleListdialogboxissimilartotheexistingEditScaleListdialog,whicheditsthescalesin
thedrawing.However,theDefaultScaleListdialogboxincludesadditionalcontrolsforyoutospecify
whetherthedefaultscalesaremetricorimperial.
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Figure59.
Default
Scale
list
Whenyouresetthescaleslistinadrawing,youarepromptedtoselectMetricscales,Imperialscales,or
both.ThedefaultchoiceisgovernedbytheMEASUREMENTvariableinthedrawing.Whenyoucreatea
newdrawingwithoutspecifyingatemplate,AutoCADaddsmetricorimperialscalesbasedonthe
MEASUREMENTvariable.Whenyoucreateanewdrawingbasedonatemplate,thescalesinthe
templateappearinthenewdrawing.Thescalesintheregistryarenotimported.
Missing SHX and Font FilesYounowhavetheoptiontoignoremissingSHXfiles(shapeorfontfiles)whenopeningadrawing.You
arenolongerrequiredtospecifyareplacement.ThisdialogmaybesuppressedifFONTALTissetto
somethingotherthannone.
Figure60.MissingSHXfiles
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TextstyleswithmissingfontsarenowidentifiedbyaniconintheTextStyleManager.
Text Alignment in Linetypes
AutoCAD2011
now
makes
it
possible
to
maintain
linetype
readability
in
any
orientation.
Figure61.Textalignment
ThelinetypesincludedwithAutoCAD2011behavethiswaybydefault.Toupdateyourowncustom
linetypes,youneedtochangetherotationoptiontoU,forupright.(Otherpossiblevaluesforthe
rotationoptionareR,forrelative,andA,forabsolute.)
Anexamplelinetypedefinitionlookslikethis:
Old:
*GAS_LI NE, Gas l i ne - - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- -
A, . 5, - . 2, [ "GAS" , STANDARD, S=. 1, R=0. 0, X=- 0. 1, Y=- . 05] , - . 25
New:
*GAS_LI NE, Gas l i ne - - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- - - - GAS- -
A, . 5, - . 2, [ "GAS" , STANDARD, S=. 1, U=0. 0, X=- 0. 1, Y=- . 05] , - . 25
Figure62.ExampleLinetypeDefinition.
ExploreAutoCAD2011givesyou3Dpowertoexploreyourideasinalmostanyshapeimaginable.AutoCADand
ablankcanvashavealotincommon.Bothgiveyoutheabilitytocreatethepreviouslyunimaginable.
ButAutoCADprovidestheflexibilitytoexploredesignideasinboth2Dand3D,withintuitivetoolsthat
helpyourconceptsbecomereal.Theworldisyourcanvaswhatwillyoucreatenext?
3D Modeling Workspaces
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AutoCAD2011includestwo3Drelatedworkspaces,whichyoucanaccessfromtheWorkspacemenuin
theQuickAccessToolbar.The3DBasicsworkspaceprovidesasimpleworkspacewiththemostbasic
toolsforcreatingandvisualizing3Dsolidmodels.The3DModelingworkspaceprovidesaccesstothe
completearrayof3DtoolsinAutoCAD.
Figure63.Workspaceslist
3D Object SnapsNewtoolsandvariablesinAutoCAD2011separate3Dobjectsnapsfrom2Dobjectsnaps.Anew3DObjectSnaptoggleisavailableonthestatusbar,enablingyoutotoggle3Dobjectsnapsonandoff.
Rightclickingonthestatusbariconprovidesaccesstoamenuofthe3DobjectsnapsandtheSettings
option,whichlinkstothenew3DObjectSnaptabintheDraftingSettingsdialogbox.Youcanalso
accessthesecontrolsviatheshiftrightclickmenu,oratthecommandlineusingthenew3DOSNAP
commandand3DOSMODEsystemvariable.
Figure64.3DObjectsnaps
Solid Modeling3DmodelingtoolsinAutoCAD2011havebeenupdatedtoprovidemoreflexibilityandincreasedeaseof
use.TheEXTRUDE,LOFT,REVOLVE,andSWEEPcommandsnowallowyoutoselectanedgeorsub
objectforusingasaprofileorcurvetocreateanewsurface.Youarenolongerlimitedtousingplanar
curves.
TheSolidribbontabprovidesaccesstonewFilletEdgeandChamferEdgesolideditingtools.Bothof
thesetoolsprovideapreviewpriortocompletingtheoperationandtheysupportdirectmanipulation.
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Surface ModelingInadditionto3Dsolidandmeshobjects,AutoCAD2011offerstwodifferenttypesofsurfaces:
proceduralandNURBS(nonuniformrationalbspline).Proceduralsurfacesareassociativeandhave
history.NURBSsurfacesarenotassociativeanddonothavehistory.Instead,theyhavecontrolvertices
thatallowyoutosculptshapesinawaythatisclosertohowyouwouldoperateintherealworld.You
canuse
procedural
surfaces
to
take
advantage
of
associative
modeling
and
use
NURBS
surfaces
to
take
advantageofsculptingwithcontrolvertices.Atypicalsurfacemodelingworkflowmightbe:
Createamodelthatcombines3Dsolids,surfaces,andmeshobjects.
Convertthemodeltoproceduralsurfacestotakeadvantageofassociativemodeling.
ConverttheproceduralsurfacestoaNURBSmodelwiththeCONVTONURBScommandtotake
advantageofNURBSediting.
Checkforimperfectionsandwrinkleswiththesurfaceanalysistools.
Ifnecessary,rebuildthesurfacestorestoresmoothnesswiththeCVREBUILDcommand.
ThenewSurfacetabontheribbonprovideseasyaccesstosurfacemodelingtools.
Figure65.Surfaceribbontab
SurfaceCreationToolsAutoCAD2011enablesyoutocreatethreenewanalyticsurfacetypes:Blend,Patch,andNetwork.
AblendsurfacecreatesasmoothtransitionbetweenexistingsurfacesusingthenewSURFBLEND
command.You
can
specify
how
the
blend
surface
flows
at
the
edge
that
meets
and
touches
the
other
surfacesusingthegripmenuoptions.
Figure66.
Blended
surface
ThenewPatchsurfacetoolenablesyoutocloseorpatchanopen,closededgeobject.Itgeneratesa
newpatchsurfaceforanyboundingedgethatisaclosedloop.
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Figure67.Patchsurface
ThenewNetworktoolenablesyoutocreateasurfacethroughasetofcurvesintheUandVdirections.
ItissimilartotheLOFTcommandbutmorestreamlinedandflexible.Youcanevenchooseaselectionof
curvesthatarenotconnectedtooneanother.
Figure68.Networksurface
Ifyoudefinetheedgesofanetworkedsurfaceusingedgesfromexistingsurfaces,thenewlycreated
surfacewillhaveadditionalgripsenablingyoutocontrolthecontinuityconditionbetweenthenewly
createdsurfaceanditsadjacentsurfaces.
Theoffsettool(SURFOFFSETcommand)isaccessiblefromtheCreatepaneloftheSurfaceribbontab.It
enablesyoutoeasilycreateanewsurfacebyoffsettinganexistingsurface.
Figure69.Offsetsurface
YoucanturnonSurfaceAssociativitypriortoperformingaBlend,Patch,orOffsetoperation,accessible
fromtheCreatepaneloftheSurfacesribbontab,toconstrainthenewsurfacesbasedontheoriginating
surfaces.Forexample,ifsurfaceassociativityisenabledwhenyoucreateanoffsetsurfaceandablend
betweenthetwosurfaces,allthreesurfacesareassociative.Ifyouedittheoffsetdistance,usingthe
Propertiespaletteorgrips,theblendsurfacewillupdateaccordingly.
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Figure70.Surfaceassociativity
SurfaceEditingToolsAutoCAD2011offersasetofrobustnewsurfaceeditingtoolstofillet,extend,trim,anduntrimsurfaces.
YoucancreateafilletwithaspecifiedradiusbetweentwosurfaceedgesusingthenewFillettool
(SURFFILLETcommand),availableontheEditpanel.
Figure71.Surfacefillet
ThenewTrimtool,accessiblefromtheEditpanel,enablesyoutocreatecomplexedgesandholesin
surfaces.YoucanusetheUntrimtool(UNTRIMcommand)tountrimatrimmedsurface.
Figure72.Surfacetrim
ThenewExtendtool(SURFEXTENDcommand),ontheEditpanel,enablesyoutoextendasurfaceby
selectinganedge.
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Figure73.Surfaceextend
ThenewSculpttool(SURFSCULPTcommand),accessiblefromtheEditpanel,enablesyoutocreatea
newsolidobjectbasedontheenclosedvolumeofmultipleintersectingsurfaces.
Figure74.Surfacesculpt
ThenewProjectGeometrytools(PROJECTGEOMETRYcommand)enableyoutoprojectgeometryontoa
surfacecreatinganewlineorsplineontopofthesurface.UnliketheexistingImprinttool,theprojected
geometryis
not
consumed
by
the
surface.
You
can
use
the
AutoTrim
tool
to
specify
whether
surfaces
areautomaticallytrimmedwhenyouprojectgeometry.AllofthesetoolsareavailableintheProject
GeometrypaneloftheSurfaceribbontab.
Figure75.ProjectGeometrytools
YoucanconvertfromanalyticsurfacestoNURBSsurfacesusingthenewConverttoNURBStool
(CONVTONURBScommand)whichisaccessiblefromtheControlVerticespanelontheSurfaceribbon
tab.OnceananalyticsurfaceisconvertedtoaNURBSsurfaceyoucanshow/hidethecontrolverticesvia
theShowCVandHideCVtools(CVSHOWandCVHIDEcommands)andusethegizmotomovethe
controlvertices,reshapingthesurface.AdditionaltoolsintheControlVerticespanelenableyouto
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rebuildthecontrolvertices(CVREBUILD)oradd(CVADD)andremove(CVREMOVE)vertices.TheCVEdit
Bar,locatedontheribbon,isaconvenienttoolthatcombinestheCVADD,CVHIDE,andCVREMOVE
functions.
Figure76.NURBSsurface
AnalysisToolsAutoCAD2011providesasetofanalysistoolstohelpyouunderstandthecontinuitybetweendifferent
surfacesthatmakeupaglobalshape.ThesetoolsareavailableintheAnalysispaneloftheSurface
ribbontab.TheZebratoolenablesyoutoanalyzesurfacecontinuitybyprojectingparallellinesontothe
surface.TheCurvaturetooldisplaysacolorgradientonthesurface,enablingyoutoidentifyhighand
lowareasofcurvature.TheDrafttooldisplaysacolorgradientonthesurface,enablingyouto
determineifamodelhasadequatedraftbetweenapartanditsmold.Youcancontrolthedisplayand
behavior
for
each
of
the
analysis
tools
using
the
Analysis
Options
dialog
box.
The
Analysis
Options
dialog
boxisaccessiblefromtheAnalysispanelaswellasfromthe3DModelingtaboftheOptionsdialogbox.
Figure77.Analysisoptions
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Theanalysesarevisualrepresentationssimilartothevisualstyles,exceptthattheycanbeappliedper
object.
Figure78.Exampleofanalysisrepresentations
Consistent MaterialsAutoCAD2011providespowerfulandintuitivetoolsforviewing,selecting,andeditingmaterials.Access
thesetoolsfromtheMaterialspaneloftheRenderribbontabwhenthe3DModelingworkspaceis
active.
Figure79.Renderribbontab
TheMaterialsBrowserenablesyoutobrowseandsearchformaterialsfromtheAutodeskMaterials
Libraryofthousandsofmaterialsanduserlibraries,aswellasfromthecurrentdrawing.Alistofthe
availablelibraries
and
their
categories
is
available
in
the
tree
at
the
bottom
left
of
the
Materials
Browser.
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Figure80.MaterialsBrowser
InadditiontotheAutodeskMaterialslibrary,youcancreateandopenyourownmaterialslibraries
directlyintheMaterialsBrowser.Createcategorieswithinthematerialslibrarytoorganizeandmanage
specifictypesofmaterials.Tofindspecificmaterials,youcansearchonmaterialcharacteristics,suchas
blueorceramic.Afterlocatingadesiredmaterialinalibrary,addittothecurrentdrawingviatheright
clickmenuordraganddrop.Materialsinthecurrentdrawingaredisplayedintheupperpaneofthe
MaterialsBrowser.
Figure81.AutodeskMaterialslibrary
TheMaterialsEditoroffersmanysettingstomodifypropertiesofamaterial.Youcanaccessitfromthe
dialogboxlauncherinthelowerrightcorneroftheMaterialspanelorfromaniconinthelowerright
corneroftheMaterialsBrowser.
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Figure82.MaterialsEditor
Mesh ModelingMeshmodelingfunctionalityhasbeenupdatedinAutoCAD2011toprovideyouwithmoreflexibility
andcontrol.
You
can
access
the
Mesh
modeling
tools
from
the
Mesh
tab
when
the
3D
Modeling
workspaceisactive.
ThenewMergeMeshtoolenablesyoutomergetwoormoreadjacentfacesintoasingleface.
Figure83.MeshMergeexample
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YoucanusetheCloseHoletooltoclosegapsinmeshobjectsbyselectingtheedgesofthesurrounding
meshedges.
Figure84.CloseHoleexample
TheCollapseFaceorEdgetoolenablesyoutoforceverticesofsurroundingmeshfacestoconvergeat
thecenterofaselectededgeorface.
Figure85.CollapseFaceorEdgeExample.
TheSpinTriangleFacetoolmodifiestheshapesoffacesbyrotatingtheedgethatjoinstwotriangular
meshfaces.
Figure86.SpinTriangleFaceexample
Point CloudsAutoCAD2011enablesyoutoattachanddisplaypointcloudscreatedfrom3Dscanningdevices.You
canaccessthenewPointCloudtoolsfromtheInsertribbontab.
Figure87.PointCloudtools
TheIndextoolenablesyoutoindexscandatafilesfromtwodifferentpointcloudenginesandsave
themaspointcloudfiles.
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Engine Inputfiles Outputfiles
Ambercore .LAS .ISD
LightweightEngine .XYB,.LAS,.FLS,.FWS .PCG
Youcanattachapointcloudfile(ISDorPCG)toanAutoCADdrawinginasimilarmannertoattaching
otherreferencefiles.
Figure88.AttachPointClouddialogbox
Withapointcloudfileattached,youcancreateandeditdrawinggeometrybysnappingtopoints.Adjust
thepointdensityusingtheDensitysliderbarintheflyoutofthePointCloudribbonpanel.
Figure89.
Point
Cloud
density
Tosupportpointcloudfunctionality,AutoCAD2011includesfournewsystemvariables:
POINTCLOUDDENSITYcontrolsthepercentageofpointsdisplayedatonceforallpointcloudsin
thedrawing.
POINTCLOUDRTDENSITYcontrolsthepercentageofpointsdisplayedduringrealtimezoom,pan,
andorbit.
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POINTCLOUDLOCKcontrolswhetherthelockpropertyofthepointcloudissettoYesorNo
whenapointcloudisattached.
POINTCLOUDAUTOUPDATEcontrolswhetherpointcloudsaredynamicallyupdatedwhen
transformingthepointcloudorafterzooming,panning,ororbiting.
LearningResourcesWhenyoustartAutoCAD2011,aWelcomeScreenisautomaticallydisplayed.FromtheWelcomeScreen
youcanlinktoshortvideostolearnaboutkeytopicsinAutoCAD.Additionallinksatthebottomofthe
WelcomeScreenprovideeasyaccesstomorelearningresources,includingWhatsNew,LearningPath,
andAutoCADOnlineHelp.
New Features WorkshopTheNewFeaturesWorkshophasbeenupdatedtoincludeAutoCAD2011functionality.Thisinteractive
learningtoolhelpsyoudiscoverthenewestfunctionalitywithminimaleffort.YoucanaccesstheNew
FeaturesWorkshop
from
the
drop
down
menu
on
the
InfoCenter
toolbar,
to
the
right
of
the
Help
button.
Figure90.Learningtools
Online Help SystemAutoCAD2011includesawebbasedhelpsystem,whichyoucanlaunchfromtheHelpicononthe
InfoCenter.
Figure91.AutoCADhelp
AcontrolontheSystemtaboftheOptionsdialogboxallowsyoutodisabletheonlinehelp.Doingso
displaysalocalversionoftheAutoCADhelpsystem.
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Figure92.SystemtaboftheOptionsdialogbox
AutodeskSeekAutodesk
Seek web service makes it easy to search for building product information and design files from inside
your Autodeskdesign application, as well as enabling you to download directly into your AutoCAD
drawings.
Figure93.Contentpanel
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Figure94.BrowserwindowwithsearchresultsautomaticallyfilteredbyDWG.
More than 1,200 manufacturers and 35,000 products are available on Autodesk Seek. You are likely to find
something you need among over the 100,000 DWGTM
files on Autodesk Seek.
In addition, you can share designs with peers by uploading them directly from your AutoCAD files to the Autodesk
Seek User Uploads. You can easily access the Share with Autodesk Seek button from the Output panel of the tab.
Figure95.SharewithAutodeskSeekontheOutputpanel
You can choose to share the current drawing or select a block definition within the drawing.
Figure96.SharewithAutodeskSeek
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Thumbnails, title, and metadata are automatically extracted and indexed. Shared designs can be searched and
downloaded by anyone.
Figure97.MySeekkeepstrackofallsharedfilesinchronologicalorder
After you log in, you can access My Seek, where you can delete or edit your design. You can also send a link to
others by selecting and clicking on the Send button.
Autodesk,AutoCAD,DWF,Showmotion,SteeringWheels,andViewCubeareregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofAutodesk,
Inc.,and/oritssubsidiariesand/oraffiliatesintheUSAand/orothercountries.Allotherbrandnames,productnames,or
trademarksbelongtotheirrespectiveholders.
2010Autodesk,Inc. Allrightsreserved.