Apinforma numero 06 del 2012

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d„lggdnol an ben{{nlcb abddh hqqrwh í h{{ldql klc dh

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an knh{krch hqqrwh# [n qwhqqh$ an hqql$ an rc wnqlwcl hn

pbkkmn bdbckmn kdnbcqn b lwcnqlwn#

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clc í zwbpn{ql d„lggdnol an ben{{nlcb abddh hqqrwh# Zbw

qhdn lzbwhvnlcn klcqncrh h {r{{n{qbwb d„lggdnol an kl%

ercnkhvnlcb abn ahqn wnbwnqn hddh {ncoldh lzbwhvnlcb#

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{nocnkmn kmb db crlpb an{zl{nvnlcn phdolcl zbw db

lzbwhvnlcn bbqqrhqb ahd 8º obcchnl 7:87# Zbwqhcql$ dh

klercnkhvnlcb qbdbehqnkh abddb lzbwhvnlcn abd zbwnl%

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h ;#::: brwl#

[rd zrcql {hwê nezlwqhcqb klcl{kbwb nd zbc{nbwl

abdd„Hobcvnh abddb Bcqwhqb#

Alenkndnl {khdb -kleeh ?.

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grqhwnh#

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abd abkwbql dboob 72 ehwvl 7:8: c# 1: % an klercn%

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brwl 2::#

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vnlcn hdd„r{l abd klcqhcqb hd an {lzwh abddh {lodnh an

enddb brwl$ pnbqhcal nd qwh{bwnebcql an abchwl klcqhc%

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an elcbqh bdbqqwlcnkh l h Zl{qb Nqhdnhcb [#z#H#

Dh clweh nc kleebcql an{zlcb$ ncldqwb$ kmb6

% odn h{{bocn ghckhwn b zl{qhdn beb{{n zbw nezlwqn

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ha Brwl 8#:::9

% nd {hdal abn dngwbqqn an abzl{nql ghckhwn l zl{qhdn hd

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8#:::9

% n dngwbqqn klc {hdal zhwn l {rzbwnlwb ha Brwl 8#:::

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{bwb wnalqql ha rc nezlwql ncbwnlwb ha Brwl 8#:::

bcqwl nd zwl{{nel ;8 ehwvl 7:87#Dh an{zl{nvnlcb nc b{heb$ hd cb an hobpldhwb db ne%

zwb{b kmb lzbwhcl cbd {bqqlwb abd kleebwknl hd en%

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lppbwl abddl [zhvnl bklclenkl brwlzbl#

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abddl [BB b kmb mh wb{nabcvh rlwn abd qbwwnqlwnl abddl

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klercnkhvnlcb {hwhccl abqbwenchqb klc abkwbql abd

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kleeh 7$ A#D# c# 7:8,7:88.# Dh crlph an{zl{nvnlcb

clc {n hzzdnkh zbw kmn {n í onê haborhql hzwbcal rc

klcql klwwbcqb l rc dngwbqql an wn{zhwenl#

Elankh hn dnenqn an znoclwhgndnqê abodn {qnzbcan b an

b{zwlzwnhvnlcb neelgndnhwb -kleeh 2.

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elankhcal n dnenqn an znoclwhgndnqê abddb {leeb al%

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pnhwb qhdb b{zwlzwnhvnlcb# Db {leeb alprqb h qnqldl an


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{qnzbcanl$ an {hdhwnl l an hdqwb ncabccnqê wbdhqnpb hd whz%

zlwql an dhplwl l an neznbol$ klezwb{b xrbddb alprqb

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ahdd„hobcqb abddh wn{kl{{nlcb6

h. nc en{rwh zhwn ha 8,8: zbw nezlwqn cl h arbendhbrwl9

g. nc en{rwh zhwn ha 8,? zbw nezlwqn ah arbendh h knc%

xrbendh brwl#

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al kmb qhdb zwlkbarwh {nh zl{{ngndb {ldl {b d„nezlwql

abd kwbanql {rzbwh n ₤ 7:#:::#

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{lqql abd xrhdb Bxrnqhdnh clc zlqwê n{kwnpbwb nzlqbkh

{rn gbcn abd abgnqlwb#

[lodnh encneh an b{nongndnqê abn kwbanqn qwngrqhwn -kleen

8:%88.

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vnlcb#

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7:8,7:88$ {bklcal krn í zh{{hqh ahd 8:" hd 8::"

dh abarvnlcb hn cn abddb nezl{qb anwbqqb abdd„NWHZ wb%

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wnlal an nezl{qh 7:88$ hd cb an qbcbwb klcql abodn

hcahebcqn bklclenkn b abn ebwkhqn$ klc zhwqnkldhwb

wnorhwal h abqbwenchqn {bqqlwn l hwbb qbwwnqlwnhdn$ l zbw

hoonlwchwb l n{qnqrnwb ncankhqlwn an klbwbcvh bklclen%

kh l an clwehdnqê bklclenkh#

q w N g r q l K l e r c H d b { r N w N @ N r q N

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ncanpn{ngndn abn Klercn$ nc {l{qnqrvnlcb abddh QHW[R#

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cb$ zbw odn neelgndn kmb clc mhccl rch {rzbwknb kh%


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qh{qhdb hoonlwchqh$ d„Hobcvnh abd Qbwwnqlwnl abqbwencn

rch {rzbwknb klcpbcvnlchdb ab{rcqh ahodn bdbebcqn

an klc{n{qbcvh nc {rl zl{{b{{l#

e N { r w b a N K l c q w H { q l H d d „b p H { N l c b - H wq # = .Abarkngndnqê an kl{qn b {zb{b anwbqqhebcqb rqndnvvhqn zbw

nd kleznebcql an hqqn$ hqqn l hqqnpnqê xrhdnkhgndn kleb

abdnqql clc kldzl{l -kleen 8$ 7 b ;.

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ncqbwpnbcb {rddh abarkngndnqê abn kl{qn abn gbcn b abd%

db zwb{qhvnlcn an {bwpnvn anwbqqhebcqb rqndnvvhqn zbw nd

kleznebcql an hqqn$ hqqn l hqqnpnqê xrhdnkhgndn kleb

—abdnqql clc kldzl{l―# Zwneh abdd„bcqwhqh nc pnolwb abd

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arvnlcb n kl{qn l db {zb{b wnklcarkngndn h hqqn$ hqqn l

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ql nc hqqrwh clc í xrbddl wbhdb.# Dh elankh {n í wb{h

cbkb{{hwnh zbw nd hqql kmb nd qbclwb abddh an{zl{nvnlcb

mh abqbwenchql clqbpldn zwlgdben ncqbwzwbqhqnpn -b klc%

{borbcqb klcqbcvnl{l$ hckmb zbw elqnpn an dbonqqnenqê

kl{qnqrvnlchdb. nc ebwnql hdd„ncanpnarhvnlcb abn kl{qnklccb{{n hn wbhqn kmb zlqbphcl klc{nabwhw{n$ l ebcl$

abarkngndn hn cn abddb nezl{qb {rd wbaanql# Lwh pnbcb

{zbknkhql kmnhwhebcqb kmb d„ncabarkngndnqê wnorhwah

n kl{qn anwbqqhebcqb klccb{{n hd kleznebcql abn {ldn

wbhqn znþ owhpn$ klc{n{qbcqn nc hqqn l hqqnpnqê xrhdnkhgndn

kleb ―abdnqql clc kldzl{l― -zbw nd xrhdb nd zrggdnkl en%

cn{qbwl hggnh b{bwknqhql djhvnlcb zbchdb.$ hkbcal kl{ä

{hdph dh abarkngndnqê abodn lcbwn klwwbdhqn hd kleznebc%

ql abn —abdnqqn kldzl{n―$ nc whonlcb abddh clc ncqbcvnlch%

dnqê abd wbhql kleeb{{l#

Ahdd„hdqwl dhql$ pnbcb zwbpn{ql$ h wlcqb abdd„ncabarkngn%

dnqê an qhdn kl{qn b {zb{b$ kmb n wnkhpn —anwbqqhebcqb h%

bwbcqn― h gbcn b {bwpnvn clc bbqqnphebcqb {khegnhqn

l zwb{qhqn clc klcklwwlcl$ nc {bab an hkkbwqhebcql

abddb nezl{qb {rn wbaanqn$ h lwehwb nd wbaanql loobqql

an wbqqnkh# Ah rdqnel$ pnbcb {zbknkhql kmb$ cbddb nzl%

qb{n an —abdnqqn clc kldzl{n― % zbw n xrhdn pnob nd wboneb an

ncabarkngndnqê abn kl{qn % xrhdlwh ncqbwpbcoh rch {bc%

qbcvh abcnqnph an h{{ldrvnlcb$ klezbqb nd wneglw{l

abddb ehoonlwn nezl{qb pbw{hqb b abn wbdhqnpn ncqbwb{{n#

Hkkbwqhebcql nc kh{l an leb{{h l ncbabdb zwb{bc%

qhvnlcb abddh klercnkhvnlcb zbw odn {qran an {bqqlwb

-kleen 1%2.

Dh an{zl{nvnlcb í chdnvvhqh h klcqwh{qhwb {bezwb znþ

bkhkbebcqb dh klezndhvnlcb clc klwwbqqh abddh el%

ardn{qnkh abodn {qran an {bqqlwb#

Nc zhwqnkldhwb$ nd kleeh 1 {qhgndn{kb kmb d„Hobcvnh abd%

db Bcqwhqb zl{{h abqbwenchwb nd wbaanql a„nezwb{h b

an dhplwl hrqlclel {rddh gh{b abn ahqn b abddb clqnvnbklercxrb whkkldqn l pbcrqn h {rh klcl{kbcvh$ zlqbc%

al zwb{kncabwb nc qrqql l nc zhwqb ahddb wn{rdqhcvb abd

gndhcknl b ahddb {kwnqqrwb klcqhgndn b an hpphdbw{n hckmb

an zwb{rcvnlcn zwnpb abn wbxrn{nqn an owhpnqê$ zwbkn{nl%

cb klcklwahcvh nc kh{l an leb{{h zwb{bcqhvnlcb abn

elabddn zbw dh klercnkhvnlcb abn ahqn wndbphcqn hn cn

abdd„hzzdnkhvnlcb abodn {qran an {bqqlwb l an ncankhvnl%

cb an khr{b an b{kdr{nlcb l an nchzzdnkhgndnqê abodn

{qran an {bqqlwb clc {r{{n{qbcqn$ clckmî an ncbabdb

klezndhvnlcb abn zwbabqqn elabddn kmb klezlwqn rch

anbwbcvh {rzbwnlwb hd xrncankn zbw kbcql$ l klerc%xrb ha brwl kncxrhcqhendh$ qwh n wnkhpn l klezbc{n {qn%

ehqn hzzdnkhcal odn {qran an {bqqlwb {rddh gh{b abn ahqn

klwwbqqn b xrbddn {qnehqn {rddh gh{b abn ahqn ncankhqn nc

ankmnhwhvnlcb#

Dn{qb {bdbqqnpb abn {loobqqn kmb clc bebqqlcl odn {klc%

qwncn {khdn -kleeh =.

Nd kleeh = ncqwlarkb dh zl{{ngndnqê zbw d„Hobcvnh abddb

Bcqwhqb an bdhglwhwb abddb dn{qb {bdbqqnpb klcqbcbcqn n

clenchqnpn an xrbn klcqwngrbcqn kmb {lcl {qhqn wnzbqr%qhebcqb {bochdhqn hddh {qb{{h Hobcvnh l hddh Orhwanh

an @nchcvh nc ebwnql hddh pnldhvnlcb abdd„ben{{nlcb abd%

dh wnkbprqh {khdb l abddl {klcqwncl {khdb l abd alkr%

ebcql kbwqnkhqnpn abn klwwn{zbqqnpn#

Kmnr{rwh zhwqnqb NPH nchqqnpb -kleeh >.

Dh clweh mh dl {klzl an lqqnenvvhwb nd zwlkbanebc%

ql wbdhqnpl hddb zhwqnwb NPH nchqqnpb$ zwbpbabcal d„ncpnl

hrqlehqnvvhql an rch klercnkhvnlcb ah zhwqb abdd„H%

obcvnh abddb bcqwhqb hn qnqldhwn an zhwqnqh NPH kmb$ zrw

lggdnohqn$ clc mhccl zwb{bcqhql dh ankmnhwhvnlcb an

kb{{hvnlcb an hqqnpnqê$ klc d„ncpnql hd zhohebcql abddh

{hcvnlcb$ zwbpn{qh ahdd„hwqnkldl 2$ kleeh 0$ abd ab%

kwbql dbon{dhqnpl 8= ankbegwb 8>>?$ c# 1?8$ wnalqqh

ha rc qbwvl# Hd klcqwngrbcqb pnbcb ahqh dh zl{{ngndnqê

an klercnkhwb bdbebcqn hoonrcqnpn h xrbddn ab{rengndn

ahdd„hchdn{n abddb nclwehvnlcn zwb{bcqn nc hchowhb qwn%

grqhwnh hckmî d„Hobcvnh abddb bcqwhqb clc zwlkbah

hddh kb{{hvnlcb a„rknl abddh zhwqnqh NPH# Zbw n {lo%

obqqn kmb clc haarklcl elqnphvnlcn phdnab$ d„Hobcvnh

zwlkbab a„rknl hddh kb{{hvnlcb abddh zhwqnqh NPH bahdd„n{kwnvnlcb h wrldl abddb {leeb alprqb cbd kh{l nc

krn nd pbw{hebcql clc {nh {qhql bbqqrhql {zlcqhcbh%

ebcqb#

Nd Abkwbql$ klc dh elankh abdd„hwq# ;2 xrhqbw hd AWZ


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0;;,?7$ zwbpbab ncldqwb d„hqqnphvnlcb an rc {bwpnvnl lc%

dncb kmb klc{bcqb an pbwnkhwb d„b{n{qbcvh b dh klwwbq%

qbvvh an qrqqb db zhwqnqb NPH chvnlchdn$ nckdr{b xrbddb

kmb qwhenqb nd PNB[ clc {lcl pbwnkhgndn$ hd cb clc

{ldl an lwcnwb rc phdnal {qwrebcql an hr{ndnl hodn lzb%whqlwn$ eh hckmb an klcqwh{qhwb nd bclebcl abddb wlan

nc ehqbwnh an NPH nc hegnql chvnlchdb#

Nezl{qh an glddl {rn phdlwn {krahqn -kleen 8;$ 81$ 82$

80$ dbqqbwb h.$ g.$ a. ba n.

N kleen 8;$ 81$ 82$ b 80 dbqqbwb h.$ g.$ a. ba n.$ zwbpbal%

cl rch {bwnb an elankmb lwehdn b lzbwhqnpb hdd„hwqn%

kldl 8> abd AD c# 7:8,7:88# Nc zhwqnkldhwb {n kmnhwn{kb6

% d„hzzdnkhvnlcb abdd„nezl{qh an glddl zwlzlwvnlchdb

hckmb hn abzl{nqn ghckhwn b zl{qhdn$ hckmb {b whz%

zwb{bcqhqn ah kbwqnkhqn9

% dh zwbpn{nlcb abddh zl{{ngndnqê an an{ncpb{qnebcql ah

zhwqb abdd„ncqbwebanhwnl nc kh{l an ehckhqh zwlppn%

{qh$ wbdhqnphebcqb hd pbw{hebcql abdd„nezl{qh {zb%

knhdb {rddb hqqnpnqê —{krahqb―9

% dh clc zwbkdr{nlcb abdd„hkkbwqhebcql hn cn NPH hddb

hqqnpnqê chcvnhwnb loobqql an bebw{nlcb l an wne%

zhqwnl#

Nezl{qh zhqwnelcnhdb {rodn neelgndn hdd„b{qbwl -kleeh

80 dbqqbwb b. . b o.Nd kleeh 80$ dbqqbwh b. zwbpbab kmb d„nezl{qh zhqwn%

elcnhdb {rodn neelgndn hdd„b{qbwl an krn hdd„hwqnkldl 8>

abd AD c# 7:8,7:88 í {qhgndnqh cbddh en{rwh abddl :$?0

zbw kbcql abd phdlwb abodn neelgndn# D„nezl{qh clc í

alprqh {b d„nezlwql clc {rzbwh brwl 7::# Nd phdlwb í

kl{qnqrnql ahd kl{ql wn{rdqhcqb ahdd„hqql an hkxrn{ql l

ahn klcqwhqqn b$ nc ehckhcvh$ {bklcal nd phdlwb an ebw%

khql wndbphgndb cbd drlol nc krn í {nqrhql d„neelgndb#

Zbw odn neelgndn {nqrhqn nc Zhb{n hzzhwqbcbcqn hddh Rcnl%

cb brwlzbh l nc Zhb{n habwbcqn hddl [zhvnl bklclen%

kl brwlzbl kmb ohwhcqn{klcl rc haborhql {khegnl

an nclwehvnlcn$ nd phdlwb í xrbddl rqndnvvhql cbd Zhb{b

b{qbwl hn cn abdd„h{{ldpnebcql an nezl{qb {rd zhqwnel%

cnl l {rn qwh{bwnebcqn l$ nc ehckhcvh$ xrbddl an krn hd

zbwnlal zwbkbabcqb#

Hqqnpnqê chcvnhwnb abqbcrqb hdd„b{qbwl ‛ [kral {khdb

-kleeh 80$ dbqqbwb m. b n.$ kleeh 8?.

Zbw xrhcql wnorhwah dh crlph nezl{qh {rddb hqqnpnqê ab%

qbcrqb hdd„b{qbwl$ {n bxrnzhwhcl n klcqn klwwbcqn abqbcr%

qn cbddh RB,[BB hn klcqn klwwbcqn abqbcrqn nc Nqhdnh klcwnbwnebcql hddh en{rwh abdd„nezl{qh zhwn h ₤ ;1$7:#

Zbw bpnqhwb rch zwlkbarwh an ncwhvnlcb RB$ {n zwbpbab

kmb hddb hqqnpnqê loobqql an bebw{nlcb clc í zwbkdr{l

d„hkkbwqhebcql abdd„NPH#

Pnbcb {zl{qhql hd 80 ehoonl 7:87 nd qbwencb -{kharql

nd 80 bggwhnl. zbw zwlppbabwb hd pbw{hebcql abdd„ne%

zl{qh {rddb hqqnpnqê loobqql an bebw{nlcb -hwq# 8>$

kleeh =$ A#D# c# 7:8,7:88.#

Klezbc{hvnlcn NPH -kleen 8=%78.

Nd kleeh 8= abdd„hwq# = abd AD 80,7:87 cbdd„lqqnkh an

kleghqqbwb d„bph{nlcb {khdb$ mh wnalqql dh {lodnh an

klezbc{hvnlcb lwnvvlcqhdb abd kwbanql NPH kmb zh{{h

ah 8:#::: brwl h 2#::: brwl#

Kleb í clql6

% nd kwbanql NPH abwnphcqb ahddh ankmnhwhvnlcb hccrh%

db$ clckmî xrbddl wbdhqnpl hn zwnen qwb qwneb{qwn -ahd

elabddl QW.$ zr÷ b{{bwb klezbc{hql dngbwhebcqb

cl ha rc nezlwql an 8:#::: brwl -lwh hggh{{hql$

kleb abqql$ h 2#::: brwl.9% d„bpbcqrhdb bkkbabcvh an kwbanql -kmb {n ncqbcab

klezbc{hwb. wn{zbqql hd zwbabqql nezlwql zr÷ b{%

{bwb klezbc{hqh {ldhebcqb h zhwqnwb ahd onlwcl

80 abd eb{b {rkkb{{npl h xrbddl an zwb{bcqhvnlcb

abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb hccrhdb -kwbanql hccrhdb.$ lp%

pbwl abd elabddl QW -kwbanql ncwhccrhdb.9

% dnenqhqhebcqb hd kwbanql hccrhdb$ d„bpbcqrhdb kle%

zbc{hvnlcb bkkbabcqb 82#::: brwl$ ldqwb hddh zwb%

pnh zwb{bcqhvnlcb abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb$ klezlwqh

d„hzzl{nvnlcb abd pn{ql an klclwenqê {rddh ankmnh%whvnlcb {qb{{h9

% cbdd„hegnql abddl {qb{{l hccl {ldhwb an wnbwnebcql$

nd {loobqql NPH an{zlcb an arb zdhlca an 8:#:::

brwl -lwh 2#:::.$ nd zwnel wnbwnql hd kwbanql NPH hc%

crhdb$ nd {bklcal wbdhqnpl hn kwbanqn qwneb{qwhdn9

% bpbcqrhdn kwbanqn wb{narn$ abwnphcqn ah hccrhdnqê

zwbkbabcqn$ zl{{lcl b{{bwb rqndnvvhqn nc klezbc%

{hvnlcb hckmb cbdd„hccl {rkkb{{npl$ zrwkmî bcqwl

dh zwb{bcqhvnlcb abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb NPH -ha b{be%

znl$ nd kwbanql NPH abdd„hccl 7:8:$ clc ncqbwhebc%

qb rqndnvvhql cbdd„hccl 7:88$ zr÷ b{{bwb rqndnvvhql

hckmb cbd 7:87$ zrwkmî kn÷ hppbcoh zwneh abddh

zwb{bcqhvnlcb abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb abd elabddl NPH

7:87.#

[b nd kwbanql í {rzbwnlwb h ₤ 2#:::$ dh klezbc{hvnlcb

abpb hppbcnwb b{kdr{nphebcqb hqqwhpbw{l n {bwpnvn qbdb%

ehqnkn abdd„Hobcvnh abddb Bcqwhqb -Bcqwhqbd l @n{klcdncb.#

Klc klercnkhql {qhezh abd 8; ehwvl 7:87 d„Hobcvnh

abddb Bcqwhqb % hcqnknzhcal nd klcqbcrql abd Zwlppban%

ebcql anwbqqlwnhdb an zwl{{neh behchvnlcb % kmnhwn{kb

kmb db crlpb wboldb {n hzzdnkmbwhccl hddb klezbc{h%vnlcn bbqqrhqb h zhwqnwb ahd 8º hzwndb 7:87 -{n pbah dh

knwk# Hzn Rancb c# >7 abd 82 ehwvl 7:87.#

Zbwqhcql$ cl hd ;8 ehwvl 7:87$ n klcqwngrbcqn zl%

qwhccl klcqncrhwb h klezbc{hwb nd kwbanql Nph$ cl hd


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dnenqb an 8: endh brwl hccrn$ {bcvh hpbw cbkb{{hwnh%

ebcqb onê zwb{bcqhql dh ankmnhwhvnlcb l d„n{qhcvh ah

krn nd kwbanql bebwob#

Ahd 8º hzwndb 7:87$ ncpbkb$ dh klezbc{hvnlcb an ne%

zlwqn hccrn {rzbwnlwn hn 2 endh brwl zlqwê b{{bwb bbq%qrhqh h zhwqnwb ahd onlwcl {bankn abd eb{b {rkkb{{npl

h xrbddl an zwb{bcqhvnlcb abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb$ l abdd„n%

{qhcvh$ ah krn nd kwbanql bebwob# Xrb{qh wboldh phdb

{nh zbw dh klezbc{hvnlcb abd kwbanql hccrhdb {nh zbw

xrbddl wbdhqnpl h zbwnlan ncbwnlwn hdd„hccl#

Ha b{beznl$ {b cbdd„hccl a„nezl{qh 7:88 nd klcqwn%

grbcqb mh ehqrwhql rc kwbanql hccrhdb an 0 endh brwl$

zwb{bcqhcal dh wbdhqnph ankmnhwhvnlcb hccrhdb ah loon

ba bcqwl nd ;8 ehwvl 7:87$ dl {qb{{l zlqwê rqndnvvh%

wb zbw ncqbwl nd kwbanql Nph h zhwqnwb ahd {rkkb{{npl 80

hzwndb 7:87#

q w H { @ b w N e b c q l a N a b c H w l

K l c q Hc q b a H , p b w { l d „b { q b w l

- H wq # 88 $ K l e e H =.Nd abkwbql {khdb c# 80,7:87 zwbpbab {hcvnlcn znþ

h{zwb b znþ zb{hcqn zwlkbarwb zbw d„b{qncvnlcb abddb

ebab{neb zbw kldlwl n xrhdn b{zlwqhcl phdrqh ldqwb dh

{lodnh klc{bcqnqh an 8:#::: brwl#

Nc {ncqb{n$ d„b{zlwqhvnlcb an phdrqh ldqwb nd dnenqb pnbcb

kldznqh klc d„hzzdnkhvnlcb an rc nezlwql phwnhgndb ahd2" hd 7:" abdd„nezlwql qwh{bwnql {b d„bkkbabcvh clc

í {rzbwnlwb h 8:#::: brwl# Dh {hcvnlcb hrebcqbwê ahd

7:" hd 1:" {b nd phdlwb abdd„bkkbabcvh í ehoonlwb an

8:#::: brwl#

-K.

w N @ l w e H a b d K w b a N q l

H O b p l d Hq l N c @ w N r d N

p b c b v N H O N r d N H 9 d b O O b

w b O N l c H d b 7 ? @ b g g w H N l

7 : 8 7 $ c # 7

Z w b e b { { H

Klc dh dboob 7? bggwhnl 7:87$ c# 7$ zrggdnkhqh {rd

G#R#W# c# > abd 7> bggwhnl 7:87 -an {bornql dboob

an wnlweh.$ nd dbon{dhqlwb wbonlchdb mh ncqb{l rcnkh%

wb b wnlwehwb odn {qwrebcqn an kwbanql hobpldhql zbw

d„ncqbwl {n{qbeh bklclenkl abd @wnrdn%Pbcbvnh Onrdnh$klezwbcabcqb n when an hqqnpnqê ncar{qwnhdb$ hwqnonhchdb$

kleebwknhdb$ qrwn{qnkl b an {bwpnvn#

[ncl h loon$ nchqqn$ odn ncqbwpbcqn abddh Wbonlcb @wnrdn%

Pbcbvnh Onrdnh bwhcl an{knzdnchqn ah {bzhwhqb clwehqn%

pb b an{zl{nvnlcn wboldhebcqhwn$ knh{krch wnorhwahcqb

n {ncoldn when bklclenkn hcvnabqqn# Lwh xrb{qb an{knzdn%

cb pbcolcl rcnkhqb b rcnkhqh cb í hckmb dh ob{qnl%

cb$ hddl {klzl an enodnlwhwb d„rqndnvvl abddb wn{lw{b %

chcvnhwnb klezdb{{nphebcqb an{zlcngndn$ an an{zlwwb anrc {n{qbeh lwohcnkl bknbcqb ba bkhkb an kwbanql$

hckmb {lqql nd zwldl heencn{qwhqnpl b zwlkbarwhdb$ b

an bdnenchwb en{rwb hobpldhqnpb kmb clc {n {hwbggbwl

anel{qwhqb hggh{qhcvh bknbcqn# Nc hdqwb zhwldb$ pbc%

olcl h khabwb db {bzhwhqb an{knzdncb an chcvnh hob%

pldhqh an chqrwh —{bqqlwnhdb― b cb pnbcb n{qnqrnqh rch

{ldh {l{qhcvnhdebcqb borhdb zbw qrqqn#

Nd crlpl {n{qbeh an kwbanql hobpldhql {„nckhwanch {r

rcl abodn {qwrebcqn chcvnhwn kmb cbd klw{l an qhcqn

abkbccn znþ an hdqwn mh anel{qwhqh bkhknh lzbwhqnph

b$ knlí$ nd @WNB$ kmb clc hggn{loch an nddr{qwhvnlcb$

b hd krn Klenqhql an ob{qnlcb pnbcb$ ncldqwb$ hahqh

hckmb dh ob{qnlcb abd crlpl {n{qbeh an kwbanql hob%

pldhql#

H qhdb an{knzdnch$ qrqqhpnh$ clc {lcl h{{loobqqhqn n %

chcvnhebcqn hobpldhqn h hplwb abddb nezwb{b abn an%

{qwbqqn abddh {banh b abd elgndb an krn hddh dboob wbonl%

chdb 88 hol{ql 7:88$ c# 88$ hwq# 7$ kleen >2 {{# b kmb

mhccl lwehql loobqql an kleebcql {r Hznclweh c#

1,7:87$ zz# 8:%8;#

K H Z l N 6 a N { Z l { N v N l c N O b c b w H d N

Db chdnqê ahddh dboob an wnlweh {lcl zbw{bornqb hq%

qwhpbw{l6

8. nd @WNB9

7. nd @lcal an {pndrzzl abddb znkkldb b ebanb nezwb{b

b abn {bwpnvn -an {bornql @lcal an {pndrzzl.$ n{qnqrnql

klc dh dboob nc loobqql9

;. dh [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb$ zhwnebcqn n{qnqrnqh ahddh

{qb{{h dboob$ pldqh h hkndnqhwb d„hkkb{{l hd kwbanql

ghckhwnl abddb nezwb{b wbonlchdn#

Db alqhvnlcn abn lcan abd @WNB$ abd @lcal zbw dl {pn%

drzzl b abddh [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb$ ldqwb kmb ahd%

db alqhvnlcn b{n{qbcqn$ zl{{lcl b{{bwb hdnebcqhqb ah

klcbwnebcqn abddh Wbonlcb$ ah klcbwnebcqn abddl [qh%

ql$ an hdqwb heencn{qwhvnlcn zrggdnkmb b an bcqn zwnph%

qn$ ah bklclenb b wneglw{n klckb{{n hn zwlkbanebcqn

klcqwngrqnpn b hddb lzbwhvnlcn chcvnhwnb# Ncldqwb$ nd @WNB

b nd @lcal an {pndrzzl {lcl hdnebcqhqn ahn wnbcqwn abddb

whqb an heelwqhebcql abn chcvnhebcqn bwlohqn$ kl{ä

kleb clwh hppbcrql zbw nd @WNB b zbw odn hdqwn lcan

wlqhqnpn#Kleb onê zbw nd @WNB$ dh klckb{{nlcb abn chcvnh%

ebcqn hppnbcb hqqwhpbw{l db ghckmb lzbwhcqn {rd qbwwn%

qlwnl abd @wnrdn%Pbcbvnh Onrdnh$ zwbpnh dlwl klcpbcvnlcb

klc d„Heencn{qwhvnlcb wbonlchdb$ b h krn db nezwb{b



7::7$ c# 87$ b zbw nd kleebwknl$ qrwn{el b {bwpnvn -nd

@WNK[.$ an krn hddh dboob wbonlchdb 2 ankbegwb 7::2$

c# 7>#

;. [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnbDh [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb ncqbwpnbcb zbw d„hqqnphvnl%

cb an ohwhcvnb h klcanvnlcn hobpldhqb h hplwb abddb

nezwb{b ncar{qwnhdn$ hwqnonhcb$ kleebwknhdn$ qrwn{qnkmb

b abn {bwpnvn$ hpbcqn {bab lzbwhqnph cbd qbwwnqlwnl abd

@wnrdn%Pbcbvnh Onrdnh#

Db ohwhcvnb zl{{lcl b{{bwb klckb{{b h wlcqb an

erqrn zbw ncpb{qnebcqn hvnbcahdn$ zbw lzbwhvnlcn an

chcvnhebcql h gwbpb qbwencb l an klc{ldnahebcql

chcvnhwnl h ebanl l drcol qbwencb$ lzbwhvnlcn an wn%

{khabcvhebcql$ {l{zbc{nlcb qbezlwhcbh$ hddrcoh%

ebcql an znhcn an heelwqhebcql zbw nd wneglw{l an

chcvnhebcqn clckmî hdqwb lzbwhvnlcn chcvnhwnb ch%

dnvvhqb hd whlwvhebcql hvnbcahdb#

Zbw wnarwwb nd wn{kmnl {lqql{qhcqb hddb lzbwhvnlcn an oh%

whcvnh zl{qb nc b{{bwb dh [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb í

hrqlwnvvhqh ha hkkbabwb hddb klcqwlohwhcvnb abd @lc%

al brwlzbl zbw odn ncpb{qnebcqn b ha hdqwb lweb an

klcqwlohwhcvnb nckdr{b xrbddb klckbangndn ahdd„Heen%

cn{qwhvnlcb wbonlchdb h phdbwb {rddb zwlzwnb an{zlcngndn%

qê an gndhcknl an krn hddh dboob wbonlchdb 1 onrocl 7::>$

c# 88$ hwq# 81$ kl#8#D„hkkb{{l hddh [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb hppnbcb zbw nd

qwhenqb abn klcan lzbwhcqn cbd qbwwnqlwnl wbonlchdb b

hrqlwnvvhqn h clweh abdd„hwq# 8:? l n{kwnqqn hdd„hdgl ab%

odn ncqbwebanhwn chcvnhwn an krn hdd„hwq# 8:0 abddh dboob

ghckhwnh$ hzzl{nqhebcqb klcpbcvnlchqn klc d„Heen%

cn{qwhvnlcb wbonlchdb#

Wboldhebcql an hqqrhvnlcb

Dh dboob an wnlweh clc í neebanhqhebcqb lzbwhqnph9

dl {hwê xrhcal {hwhccl halqqhqn klc wboldhebcql ‛ an

krn$ zbw÷$ clc í {{hql rc qbwencb an behchvnlcb % n

kwnqbwn b db elahdnqê zbw dh {rh hqqrhvnlcb b xrhcal

{hwhccl {qhqb klckdr{b db cbkb{{hwnb# Hckmb cbd wn%

{zbqql abddb clweb wboldhebcqhwn dh Onrcqh alpwê zln

nezhwqnwb db anwbqqnpb lzbwhqnpb hd Klenqhql an ob{qnlcb

-p# ncwh .#

Pnckldn zbw n gbcbknhwn

Dh dboob an wnlweh {qhgndn{kb rch {bwnb an pnckldn zbw

db nezwb{b kmb hcawhccl h gbcbknhwb abddb hobpldh%

vnlcn zwbpn{qb b$ nc zhwqnkldhwb6% d„lggdnol an ehcqbcbwb dh {bab lzbwhqnph hqqnph {rd

qbwwnqlwnl wbonlchdb zbw qrqqh dh arwhqh abd chcvnh%

ebcql b abddb ohwhcvnb9 xrhdlwh$ zln$ nd chcvnh%

ebcql {nh a„nezlwql {rzbwnlwb h 8::#::: Brwl$

hcawhccl h zwb{bcqhwb db alehcab an chcvnhebcql

hobpldhql#

K H Z l N N 6 d b @ l w e b a „ N c q b w p b c q l

Db lweb a„ncqbwpbcql abd crlpl {n{qbeh an kwbanqlhobpldhql {n hwqnkldhcl {r qwb hcvnabqqn lcan#

8. @WNB

Nd @WNB ehcqnbcb d„lwanchwnh lzbwhqnpnqê ba í ab{qnchql

ha hqqnphwb erqrn h qh{{l hobpldhql hddb nezwb{b hpbc%

qn {bab lzbwhqnph nc @wnrdn%Pbcbvnh Onrdnh# Nc hdqwn qbwencn

hd @WNB klcqncrbwhccl h wnpldobw{n db znkkldb b ebanb

nezwb{b ncar{qwnhdn$ hwqnonhcb b qrwn{qnkl%hdgbwomnbwb#

Zlqwhccl hwdl hckmb db owhcan ncar{qwnb$ dê alpb dh

an{knzdnch klercnqhwnh dl klc{bcqh -ha b{beznl cbddb

hwbb nc abwloh an krn hdd„hwq# =?#;#k abd qwhqqhql kl{qnqr%

npl abddh Klercnqê brwlzbh.#

Kn÷ zwbkn{hql$ xrhcql hdd„bcqnqê abn zwlobqqn a„ncpb{qn%

ebcql$ lwnbcqhqnphebcqb nd @WNB ncqbwpbwwê zbw xrbddn

an ehoonlwb bcqnqê$ ebcqwb zbw xrbddn an enclwb bcqnqê

b zbw db hdqwb khqbolwnb a„nezwb{b$ xrb{qb hcawhccl h

wnpldobw{n hd @lcal zbw dl {pndrzzl#

7. @lcal zbw dl {pndrzzl

Nd cblkl{qnqrnql @lcal zbw dl {pndrzzl í rcl {qwrebc%

ql klezdbebcqhwb hd @WNB ba í ab{qnchql h ncqbwpbcnwbzbw d„hqqnphvnlcb an chcvnhebcqn h qh{{l hobpldhql

hddb enkwl$ znkkldb b ebanb nezwb{b ncar{qwnhdn$ hwqn%

onhcb$ kleebwknhdn$ qrwn{qnkmb b an {bwpnvn hpbcqn {bab

lzbwhqnph nc @wnrdn%Pbcbvnh Onrdnh klc wnorhwal h6

h. ncnvnhqnpb an ncpb{qnebcqn b {pndrzzl hvnbcahdb$ klc

zwnlwnqê zbw zwlobqqn a„nezwbcanqlwnh onlphcndb b

beencndb klc arwhqh eh{{neh an 82 hccn9

g. zwb{qnqn zhwqbknzhqnpn9

k. ncnvnhqnpb an nezwb{b kl{qnqrnqb ah clc ldqwb 87 eb{n

ahddh ahqh an zwb{bcqhvnlcb abddh alehcah -7 hccn

cbd kh{l an {znc l an rcnpbw{nqê l bcqn zrggdnkn an

wnkbwkh.$ klc arwhqh eh{{neh an 2 hccn#

N chcvnhebcqn ab{qnchqn hddb ncnvnhqnpb {rg k. zl{{lcl

b{{bwb rqndnvvhqn zbw db {ldb {borbcqn chdnqê6

% b{nobcvb an {qranl$ phdrqhvnlcb b {pndrzzl an rc

zwlobqql hvnbcahdb ncnvnhdb -k#a# {bba .9

% {pndrzzl abd zwlalqql b kleebwknhdnvvhvnlcb ncn%

vnhdb - {qhwq rz .9

% hkxrn{ql an hvnbcah l whel a„hvnbcah hddl {klzl an

ehcqbcbwb {rd ebwkhql d„hqqnpnqê bklclenkh wbdhqn%

ph hd klezdb{{l hvnbcahdb hkxrn{qhql#Nc dncbh an eh{{neh nd @lcal an {pndrzzl ncqbwpbwwê

pbw{l zwlobqqn b ncnvnhqnpb an anebc{nlcn znþ klcqbcrqb

b hcawê h {l{qnqrnwb odn hqqrhdn lcan wlqhqnpn zbw d„hwqn%

onhchql -nd @WNH.$ an krn hddh dboob wbonlchdb 77 hzwndb




d„lggdnol {n b{qbcab hckmb hn 7 hccn {rkkb{{npn9 nc

kh{l an ncl{{bwphcvh d„nckbcqnpl pnbcb wbplkhql9

% nc zwb{bcvh an klcbwnebcql$ qwh{lwehvnlcb l r%

{nlcb a„nezwb{h clckmî an qwh{bwnebcql a„hvnbcah

l an whel a„hvnbcah nc ob{qnlcb l nc zwlzwnbqê$ zbwhqql qwh pnpn l zbw khr{h an elwqb$ odn nckbcqnpn zl{%

{lcl b{{bwb klcbwehqn ahd Klenqhql an ob{qnlcb

-p# ncwh.$ zrwkmî nd {rgbcqwhcqb {nh nc zl{{b{{l abn

wbxrn{nqn wnkmnb{qn hd gbcbknhwnl b dh zwl{bkrvnlcb

abdd„nezwb{h hppbcoh {bcvh {ldrvnlcb an klcqncrnqê#

O b { q N l c b a b O d N { q w r e b c q N

a „ N c q b w p b c q l

Dh ob{qnlcb abd @WNB$ abd @lcal zbw dl {pndrzzl b abddh

[bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb í hahqh h rc rcnkl Klenqhql

an ob{qnlcb -an {bornql Klenqhql. klc {bab h Qwnb{qb$

clenchql klc abkwbql abd Zwb{nabcqb abddh Wbonlcb$

zwbpnh abdngbwhvnlcb abddh Onrcqh wbonlchdb {r zwlzl%

{qh abdd„H{{b{{lwb hddb hqqnpnqê zwlarqqnpb#

Nd Klenqhql í klezl{ql ahd Zwb{nabcqb$ ah xrhqqwl

ebegwn ab{nochqn ahd Klc{nodnl wbonlchdb$ an krn rcl nc

whzzwb{bcqhcvh abddb enclwhcvb$ b ah xrhqqwl ebegwn

{kbdqn ah clenchqnpn ncankhqn ahddb xrhqqwl ehoonlwn lw%

ohcnvvhvnlcn an khqbolwnh wbonlchdb# N klezlcbcqn abd

Klenqhql abplcl zl{{babwb n wbxrn{nqn an lclwhgndnqê b

zwlb{{nlchdnqê zwbpn{qn zbw n {loobqqn kmb b{bwknqhclhchdlomb rcvnlcn nc ghckmb kl{qnqrnqb nc lweh an {l%

knbqê zbw hvnlcn b wb{qhcl nc khwnkh zbw ; hccn klc rch

{ldh zl{{ngndnqê an wnklcbweh#

[n {lwpldh {rodn hdqwn h{zbqqn lzbwhqnpn abd Klenqhql

{hdpl wnklwahwb kmb db {zb{b an rcvnlchebcql {lcl

zwlzlwvnlchdebcqb h khwnkl abd @WNB$ abd @lcal an

{pndrzzl b abddh [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb#

K H Z l Np6 a N { Z l { N v N l c N

@ N c H c v N H w N b b q w H c { N q l w N b

Hgwlohvnlcn

Dh dboob an wnlweh$ wn{qwrqqrwhcal nd {n{qbeh abd kwban%

ql hobpldhql nc @wnrdn%Pbcbvnh Onrdnh$ klezlwqh dh {lz%

zwb{{nlcb abddb clweb kmb dl hpbphcl {nc xrn an{knzdn%

chql b$ nc zhwqnkldhwb$ pbcolcl {lzzwb{{n6

% dh dboob wbonlchdb 88 hzwndb 7::;$ c# > kmb an{kn%

zdnchph nd @WNB alzl nd qwh{bwnebcql abddb rcvnlcn

heencn{qwhqnpb ahddl [qhql hddh Wbonlcb @wnrdn%Pb%

cbvnh Onrdnh$ hqqh bkkbvnlcb zbw d„hwq# 2 wnorhwahc%

qb dh klcpbcvnlcb klc rc n{qnqrql ghckhwnl$ ah {b%

dbvnlchwb qwhenqb ghcal$ zbw nd {rzzlwql qbkcnkl$heencn{qwhqnpl b lwohcnvvhqnpl9

% dh wnelardhvnlcb an {qwrebcqn kwbanqnvn hobpldh%

qn zbw d„hwqnonhchql$ nd kleebwknl b nd qrwn{el$ zbw

haborhwdn hd kwbanql h gwbpb qbwencb$ clckmî nd @lc%

al an ohwhcvnh zbw db znkkldb b ebanb nezwb{b9

% nd @lcal wbonlchdb {elgndnvvl kwbanqn9

% odn {qwrebcqn an kwbanql hobpldhql hddb nezwb{b hwqn%

onhcb an krn hddh d#w# 87,7::7 -dboob xrhawl {rdd„hwqn%

onhchql.9% odn {qwrebcqn an kwbanql hobpldhql hddb nezwb{b

kleebwknhdn b qrwn{qnkmb an krn hddh d#w# 7>,7::2#

An{zl{nvnlcn hqqrhqnpb$ chcvnhwnb b qwhc{nqlwnb

Klc dh {lzzwb{{nlcb abn lcan knqhqn cbd zhwhowhl zwb%

kbabcqb pbcolcl hqqn h`rnwb cbn crlpn lcan db wn{lw{b

an xrbddn {lzzwb{{n b {lcl abqqhqb qrqqb db clweb zbw nd

{rgbcqwl cbn whzzlwqn onrwnankn hqqnpn b zh{{npn clckmî

xrbddb kmb wboldhcl nd owharhdb zh{{hoonl ahn zwbkb%

abcqn {n{qben hobpldhqnpn hodn hqqrhdn# Kl{ä pbcolcl

hqqb h`rnwb6

% hd @WNB db wn{lw{b chcvnhwnb abd @lcal wbonlchdb

{elgndnvvl kwbanqn9

% hd @lcal zbw dl {pndrzzl db wn{lw{b chcvnhwnb abd

@lcal an wlqhvnlcb abddb nezwb{b hwqnonhcb -@WNH.

clckmî abn ebvvn chcvnhwn an{zlcngndn {rn klcqn

hzbwqn ab{qnchqn hddh klckb{{nlcb an klcqwngrqn nc

klcql ncqbwb{{n hddb nezwb{b hwqnonhcb -hwqnkldn 2: b

28 abddh d#w# 87,7::7. b hddb nezwb{b kleebwknhdn b

qrwn{qnkmb -hwqnkldn >2 b >0 abddh d#w# 7>,7::2.9

% hddh [bvnlcb zbw db ohwhcvnb db wn{lw{b abd @lcal wb%onlchdb an ohwhcvnh zbw db znkkldb b ebanb nezwb{b#

[lcl$ ncldqwb {zbknkhqb db elahdnqê hqqwhpbw{l db

xrhdn hppnbcb nd qwh{bwnebcql an hqqwngrvnlcn wh ob{qnl%

cn {lzzwb{{b b crlpb ob{qnlcn clckmî wh nd {loobqql

ghckhwnl clwh nckhwnkhql abddh ob{qnlcb abddb pbkkmnb

en{rwb an hobpldhvnlcb abn when hwqnonhcl$ kleebw%

knhdb b qrwn{qnkl b nd crlpl {loobqql ghckhwnl ah ncan%

pnarhwb klc ghcal zrggdnkl zbw b{bwknqhwb nd {rzzlwql

qbkcnkl$ heencn{qwhqnpl b lwohcnvvhqnpl abdd„rcnkhql

Klenqhql an ob{qnlcb#

Ah rdqnel$ an zhwqnkldhwb nezlwqhcvh {lcl db clweb

qwhc{nqlwnb$ db xrhdn {qhgndn{klcl kmb$ zbw n zwlkbanebc%

qn nc klw{l b cl h kmb$ klc abdngbwhvnlcb abddh Onrcqh

wbonlchdb$ clc {hwhccl wb{b lzbwhqnpb db hobpldhvnlcn

chcvnhwnb abddh dboob an wnlweh$ {n klcqncrhcl ha hz%

zdnkhwb db clweb {lzzwb{{b$ nc elal ah bpnqhwb locn

{ldrvnlcb an klcqncrnqê abd kwbanql hobpldhql#

K H Z l p6 @ N c H c v N H e b c q N a N

Z w l O b q q N H @ Hp l wb a N { b q q l w N

Z w l a r q q N p N N c K w N { NDh dboob an wnlweh chcvnh$ ncldqwb$ klc 7 endnlcn an

Brwl knh{krch db KKNHH an Rancb b an Zlwabclcb

zbw wbhdnvvhwb zwlobqqn anwbqqn h ncqbwpbcqn h {l{qbocl

abdd„ncclphvnlcb abddb znkkldb b ebanb nezwb{b hzzhw%




qbcbcqn hn {bqqlwn zwlarqqnpn ehoonlwebcqb nc kwn{n# Odn

ncqbwpbcqn phccl h wnorhwahwb dh wn{qwrqqrwhvnlcb b dh

wnlwohcnvvhvnlcb hvnbcahdb$ d„ncclphvnlcb an zwlkb{{l

b an zwlalqql$ d„ncqbwchvnlchdnvvhvnlcb$ dl {pndrzzl an

wbqn an{qwngrqnpb b an klcqwhqqn an wbqb b locn hdqwh lwehan hoowbohvnlcb$ chdnvvhqb hddh zwlelvnlcb abd zwl%

alqql$ hddh kleebwknhdnvvhvnlcb b hdd„ncqbwchvnlchdnv%

vhvnlcb# N zwlobqqn {lcl loobqql an hkklwal wh d„He%

encn{qwhvnlcb wbonlchdb b n knqhqn bcqn khebwhdn$ ebcqwb

n kwnqbwn b db elahdnqê zbw d„hqqrhvnlcb a„ncqbwpbcqn h

{rzzlwql abddb nezwb{b {hwhccl abcnqn ebanhcqb hz%

zl{nql wboldhebcql b klc{n{qbwhccl nc hnrqn {bklcal

nd wboneb —ab encnen{―#

[n wnqlwcbwê {rdd„hwolebcql$ ehc ehcl kmb dh dboob an

wnlweh qwlpbwê hzzdnkhvnlcb# Hd elebcql$ ldqwb hdd„b%

ehchvnlcb abd wboldhebcql$ abpb b{{bwb {bdbvnlchqh

dh ghckh kmb rcobwê ah {rzzlwql qbkcnkl hd Klenqhql

an ob{qnlcb b abplcl b{{bwb {qnzrdhqb db klcpbcvnlcnklc db ghckmb b klc n klcan zbw dh zwb{bcqhvnlcb

abddb alehcab# Nc abcnqnph$ ankndebcqb dh dboob an

wnlweh zlqwê b{{bwb lzbwhcqb zwneh abddh {bklcah

ebqê abd 7:87# @whqqhcql$ db nezwb{b zl{{lcl kmnbab%

wb kmnhwnebcqn l hdqwb nclwehvnlcn hdd„rknl bklclen%

kl abdd„H{{lknhvnlcb#

-HaQ.



d h p l w l

81

n d a#do[# 71,7:87

k l c [ b c Q b a n a b%

w l o h w b h d d „ h z%

z l [ n v n l c b a b d d h

k h r [ h d b n c Q w b a n %

[ Q n c Q b [ n Q r h v n l c n

l p b n d k l c Q w h Q Q l

[ n n c Q b c a b n c l o c n

k h [ l d b o n Q Q n e l

N c a N K b e b c { N d b

w N p H d r q H v N l c b q # @ # w #@ b g g w H N l 7 : 8 7

WHZZLWQN KB[[HQN Eb{b ahd hd WNPHD# @N[[H NCANKB ?2" WN[ZBQQL ANK# 7:88 WNPHDRQHVNLCB

OBCCHNL 82#:8 81#:7 :$872 8:1$7 :$7==107 :$18;107

@BGGWHNL 82#:7 81#:; :$72: 8:1$= :$2?0>7; :$=70>7;

EHWVL 82#:; 81#:1 :$;?2

HZWNDB 82#:1 81#:2 :$2::

EHOONL 82#:2 81#:0 :$072

ONROCL 82#:0 81#:? :$?2:

DRODNL 82#:? 81#:= :$=?2

HOL[QL 82#:= 81#:> 8$:::

[BQQBEGWB 82#:> 81#8: 8$872

LQQLGWB 82#8: 81#88 8$72:

CLPBEGWB 82#88 81#87 8$;?2

ANKBEGWB 82#87 81#:8 8$2::

-K.

Nd dHplwl Nc {leeNcN{qwHvNlcb

alZl Nd a# dO{# c#71,7:87

Í {qhql zrggdnkhql$ {rddh Ohvvbqqh Rknhdb c# 0> abd

77 ehwvl 7:87$ nd Abkwbql Dbon{dhqnpl 7 ehwvl 7:87c# 71 kmb$ nc hqqrhvnlcb abddh anwbqqnph 7::=,8:1,KB

wbdhqnph hd dhplwl qwhenqb hobcvnh ncqbwnchdb$ ncqwlarkb

nezlwqhcqn khegnhebcqn hd wboneb an rqndnvvl an xrb{ql

qnzl an klcqwhqql#

An{knzdnchqh ahdd„hwq# 8: abd A# Do{# c# 7?0,7::;$ dh

{leencn{qwhvnlcb zwbpbab d„nc{qhrwhvnlcb an rc whz%

zlwql qwh qwb {loobqqn6

% d„hobcvnh {leencn{qwhqwnkb an dhplwl$ ahqlwb an dh%

plwl ah krn anzbcab lwehdebcqb nd dhplwhqlwb9

% nd dhplwhqlwb lwehdebcqb anzbcabcqb ahdd„hobcvnhb eb{{l h an{zl{nvnlcb abdd„nezwb{h rqndnvvhqwnkb9

% d„nezwb{h rqndnvvhqwnkb kmb b{bwknqh nd zlqbwb an anwb%

vnlcb b an klcqwlddl {rddh zwb{qhvnlcb dhplwhqnph#

D„hobcvnh zr÷ h{{rebwb nd dhplwhqlwb klc klcqwhqql




h qbezl abqbwenchql l ncabqbwenchql ba ncpnhwdl nc

en{{nlcb zwb{{l d„rqndnvvhqlwb# Nd whzzlwql qwh d„nezwb{h

rqndnvvhqwnkb b d„hobcvnh$ ncpbkb$ í wboldhebcqhql ahd

klcqwhqql an {leencn{qwhvnlcb#

Nd A# Do{# c# 71,7:87 mh klcbwehql dh arzdnknqê abddblweb kmb zr÷ h{{rebwb nd klcqwhqql kmb zr÷ hpbwb

rch arwhqh abqbwenchqh l b{{bwb {lqql{kwnqql h qbezl

ncabqbwenchql# Dh anbwbcvh an arwhqh {n wn`bqqb {rddh

anpbw{h an{knzdnch abd klcqwhqql#

Nd klcqwhqql h qbezl ncabqbwenchql clc cbkb{{nqh an

onr{qnkhvnlcb$ eh zr÷ b{{bwb rqndnvvhql {ldl zbw zhw%

qnkldhwn hqqnpnqê ncanpnarhqb ahdd„hwq# 7: abd A# Do{# c#

7?0,7::;$ qwh krn qwh{zlwqn$ dlon{qnkh$ rcvnlcb kle%

ebwknhdb$ ob{qnlcb khdd kbcqbw$ wn{lw{b rehcb b {bwpnvn

{lknl h{{n{qbcvnhdn# [b pnbcb {lqql{kwnqql rc klcqwhqql

an {leencn{qwhvnlcb h qbezl abqbwenchql$ d„nezwb{h

rqndnvvhqwnkb abpb onr{qnkhwb xrb{qh {kbdqh ebanhcqb

d„ncankhvnlcb abddh khr{hdb$ knlí abddb b{nobcvb an kh%

whqqbwb qbkcnkl$ zwlarqqnpl l {l{qnqrqnpl kmb wbcalcl

cbkb{{hwnl qhdn zwb{qhvnlcn#

Dh khr{hdb$ b xrb{qh í dh clpnqê znþ nezlwqhcqb ncqwl%

alqqh ahddb crlpb clweb$ clc abpb qrqqhpnh b{{bwb nc%

ankhqh nc qwb {nqrhvnlcn#

Dh zwneh í nd kh{l nc krn {lcl rqndnvvhqn dhplwhqlwn kmb

{qhccl zbwkbzbcal ah hdebcl 0 eb{n6

h. d„ncabccnqê lwanchwnh an an{lkkrzhvnlcb clc hownkl%dh klc wbxrn{nqn clwehdn l wnalqqn9

g. heelwqnvvhqlwn {lknhdn$ hckmb nc abwloh#

Xrb{qh nzlqb{n hhckh xrbddh onê zwbpn{qh ahddh Dboob

8>8,7::> kmb wnklcl{kbph dh hkldqê an clc ncankhwb dh

khr{hdb cbn kh{n an neznbol an dhplwhqlwn h{{rcqn ahddb

dn{qb an elgndnqê#

Rc„hdqwh {nqrhvnlcb nc krn {n zr÷ abwlohwb hddh ncankh%

vnlcb abddh khr{hdb$ í xrbddh abddh klckdr{nlcb an rc

klcqwhqql an {leencn{qwhvnlcb klc —dhplwhqlwn {phc%

qhoonhqn― l —eldql {phcqhoonhqn― hn {bc{n abn crebwn

8=. b 8>. abdd„hwq# 7 abd Wboldhebcql KB c# =::,7::=#

Wnbcqwhcl cbddh abcnvnlcb an —dhplwhqlwn {phcqhoonhqn―

-hwq# 7$ c# 8=.6

h. n {loobqqn kmb clc mhccl rc neznbol wboldhwebcqb

wbqwngrnql ah hdebcl 0 eb{n9

g. kmn clc zl{{nbab rc anzdleh an {krldh ebanh {r%

zbwnlwb l zwlb{{nlchdb9

k. n dhplwhqlwn kmb mhccl {rzbwhql n 2: hccn an bqê9

a. odn hardqn kmb pnplcl ah {ldn klc rch l znþ zbw{lcb

h khwnkl9

b. n dhplwhqlwn lkkrzhqn nc zwlb{{nlcn l {bqqlwn khwhqqb%wnvvhqn ah rc qh{{l an an{zhwnqê rlel ‛ alcch kmb

{rzbwh hdebcl abd 72" dh an{zhwnqê ebanh rlel ‛

alcch nc qrqqn n {bqqlwn bklclenkn abddl [qhql ebe%

gwl ncqbwb{{hql#

[lcl$ ncpbkb$ klc{nabwhqn dhplwhqlwn —eldql {phcqho%

onhqn― -hwq# 7$ c# 8>. kldlwl kmb {lcl {bcvh neznbol ah

hdebcl 71 eb{n

D„hwq# 1 abd A# Do{# c# 71,7:87 {qhgndn{kb$ ncldqwb$ kmb

zbw d„ncanpnarhvnlcb an dhplwhqlwn an krn hddb dbqqbwb h.$ g.ba b. abd c# 8=$ {bwpb rc Abkwbql abd Encn{qbwl abd Dh%

plwl kmb alpwê b{{bwb behchql bcqwl >: onlwcn ahddh

ahqh an bcqwhqh nc pnolwb abddb crlpb clweb#

Dh khr{hdb$ nccb$ clc {hwê cbkb{{hwnh nc qrqqn odn hdqwn

kh{n ncanpnarhqn ahn klcqwhqqn klddbqqnpn an xrhd{nh{n dnpbd%

dl -chvnlchdb$ qbwwnqlwnhdb l hvnbcahdb. {qnzrdhqn ahddb lw%

ohcnvvhvnlcn {ncahkhdn klezhwhqnphebcqb znþ whzzwb%

{bcqhqnpb abn dhplwhqlwn b abn ahqlwn an dhplwl#

D„hwq# ? abd A# do{# c# 71,7:87 zwbpbab kmb zbw qrqqh

dh arwhqh an rch en{{nlcb zwb{{l d„rqndnvvhqlwb$ n dhpl%

whqlwn anzbcabcqn ahd {leencn{qwhqlwb mhccl anwnqql hklcanvnlcn an dhplwl b a„lkkrzhvnlcb klezdb{{nph%

ebcqb clc ncbwnlwn h xrbddb an anzbcabcqn an zhwn dnpbddl

abdd„rqndnvvhqlwb$ h zhwnqê an ehc{nlcn# Zbw db nezwb{b

rqndnvvhqwnkn$ ncldqwb$ í {qhgndnql d„lggdnol an nclwehwb n

dhplwhqlwn {leencn{qwhqn {rodn bpbcqrhdn zl{qn phkhcqn

zwb{{l dh zwlzwnh hvnbcah hckmî zl{{hcl$ hd zhwn

abn anzbcabcqn abd ebab{nel rqndnvvhqlwb$ h{znwhwb h

wnklzwnwb zl{qn an dhplwl h qbezl ncabqbwenchql# H qhdb

{klzl db nclwehvnlcn zl{{lcl b{{bwb anr{b ebanhc%

qb d„h{{nlcb an rc hppn{l obcbwhdb hdd„ncqbwcl abn dl%khdn zwb{{l krn n dhplwhqlwn zwb{qhcl dh dlwl lzbwh#

Nd Abkwbql Dbon{dhqnpl hzzlwqh hckmb ncclphvnlcn hd

wboneb {hcvnlchqlwnl# Nc zhwqnkldhwb$ d„rqndnvvhqlwb í

zrcnql klc {hcvnlcb ah ₤ 72: ha ₤ 8#72: nc kh{l an

an{zhwnqê an qwhqqhebcql qwh n dhplwhqlwn anzbcabcqn b

xrbddn {leencn{qwhqn# [lcl whlwvhqb$ ncldqwb$ db {hc%

vnlcn hzzdnkhgndn cbn klcwlcqn an kmn b{nob l zbwkbzn{kb

klezbc{n ahn dhplwhqlwn nc khegnl an h{{rcvnlcn zwb{%

{l rc rqndnvvhqlwb l abdd„hppnl an rc whzzlwql klc d„rqn%

dnvvhqlwb hd qbwencb abddh en{{nlcb zwb{{l xrb{q„rdqnel

-{hcvnlcb zbchdb hdqbwchqnph abdd„hwwb{ql clc {rzbwnlwb

ha rc hccl l abdd„heebcah ah ₤ 7#2:: ha ₤ 0#:::.#

[n h zwb{bcqb$ nccb$ kmb nd 81 bggwhnl {klw{l db zhwqn

{lknhdn abd {bqqlwb dhplwl qwhenqb hobcvnh mhccl {nodh%

ql rc hkklwal kmb {{h n zrcqn zbw dh crlph an{knzdnch

abdd„hzzwbcan{qhql zwlb{{nlchdnvvhcqb cbddh {leen%

cn{qwhvnlcb dhplwl# D„ncqb{h zwbpbab kmb hdd„hzzwbcan%

{qh h{{rcql ahdd„hobcvnh zbw nd dhplwl {hwê hzzdnkhqh

dh wboldhebcqhvnlcb abddh lwehvnlcb an{knzdnchqh ahd

klcqwhqql klddbqqnpl chvnlchdb abdd„nezwb{h rqndnvvh%

qwnkb# [qhgndn{kb$ ncldqwb$ kmb nd dhplwhqlwb$ d„hobcvnh bd„rqndnvvhqlwb klddhglwbwhccl zbw dh wbahvnlcb abd znhcl

lwehqnpl ncanpnarhdb# D„hzzwbcan{qhql nc {leencn{qwh%

vnlcb zlqwê b{{bwb bbqqrhql zwb{{l rcl l znþ rqndnvvh%

qlwn b {hwhccl clenchqn arb qrqlw6




nd qrqlw abdd„nezwb{h rqndnvvhqwnkb ba nd qrqlw abdd„hobcvnh

an dhplwl# D„hkklwal$ kmb zbw lwh mh abcnql {ldl db

dncbb obcbwhdn abddh crlph an{knzdnch$ zbw b{{bwb znb%

chebcqb phdnal ba bkhkb$ alpwê b{{bwb qwhalqql nc

rc„hwqnkldhqh b {zbknkh clwehqnph$ nc klclwenqê anxrhcql zwbpn{ql ahd Qb{ql Rcnkl {rdd„hzzwbcan{qhql abd

7:88#

-@GR%@Q.

N d Z l q b w b a N K l c q w l d d l

a b d a H q l w b a N d H p l w l

D„hwq# 1 abddh Dboob 7: ehoonl 8>?: c# ;:: -[qhqrql

abn Dhplwhqlwn.$ hd 8º kleeh$ {hckn{kb rc anpnbql h{%

{ldrql ba ncabwlohgndb an rqndnvvhwb neznhcqn hranlpn{npn

b hdqwb hzzhwbkkmnhqrwb anwbqqb h klcqwlddhwb h an{qhcvh

d„hqqnpnqê abn dhplwhqlwn -k#a# klcqwlddl ncqbcvnlchdb.9 hd

7º kleeh zwbpbab$ ncpbkb$ rc anpnbql wbdhqnpl zl{ql

kmb$ {ldl zbw b{nobcvb lwohcnvvhqnpb b zwlarqqnpb l

ncbwbcqn hddh {hdrqb abn dhplwhqlwn$ í zl{{ngndb d„nc{qhddh%

vnlcb an neznhcqn b an hzzhwbkkmnhqrwb an klcqwlddl ah

krn zl{{h abwnphwb hckmb rc bpbcqrhdb elcnqlwhoonl

{rdd„hqqnpnqê abn dhplwhqlwn# Nc xrb{ql kh{l$ zbw÷$ d„nc%{qhddhvnlcb zlqwê b{{bwb bbqqrhqh {bezwbkmî pbcoh

{qnzrdhql rc zwbpbcqnpl hkklwal klc db Whzzwb{bc%

qhcvb [ncahkhdn Hvnbcahdn l$ nc kh{l an ehckhcvb an

xrb{qb$ klc dh Kleen{{nlcb Ncqbwch$ lppbwl$ nc anbqql

an hkklwal$ h {bornql an hzzl{nqh hrqlwnvvhvnlcb abd

[bwpnvnl N{zbqqnpl abddh Anwbvnlcb Zwlpncknhdb abd Dhpl%

wl$ anwbqqh hdqwb{ä$ lpb cbkb{{hwnl$ h an{knzdnchwb d„r{l

abodn neznhcqn {qb{{n -k#a# klcqwlddl zwbqbwncqbcvnlchdb.#

D„lwanchebcql$ xrncan$ nc xrb{ql elal$ klcqbezbwh

ah rch zhwqb nd anwnqql an wn{bwphqbvvh abd dhplwhqlwb b$

ahdd„hdqwh$ db b{nobcvb an lwohcnvvhvnlcb$ zwlarvnlcb b

{nkrwbvvh zwlzwnb abd ahqlwb an dhplwl#

D„hwq# 1 í {qhql loobqql an eldqbzdnkn ncqbwzwbqhvnlcn b

kmnhwnebcqn nc ebwnql hddb {rb elahdnqê b hn dnenqn an hz%

zdnkhvnlcb#

Rc nezlwqhcqb ncqbwpbcql nc ehqbwnh í hppbcrql klc dh

wn{zl{qh abd Encn{qbwl abd Dhplwl b abddb Zldnqnkmb [l%

knhdn hdd„ncqbwzbddl c# 7 abd 8º ehwvl 7:8:# Nc zhwqnkldhwb$

bwh {qhql kmnb{ql hd Encn{qbwl {b dh an{knzdnch abdd„hwq#

1 qwlph{{b hzzdnkhvnlcb cbd kh{l nc krn pbcn{{b nc{qhd%

dhql$ h cn an elcnqlwhoonl$ rc {n{qbeh an klcqwlddl ncowhal an bbqqrhwb wbon{qwhvnlcn hranl an kmnhehqb nc

r{knqh ba bcqwhqh$ eh khwhqqbwnvvhql ahddh zwb{bcvh an

hzzl{nqb en{rwb an qrqbdh abddh zwnphk~ kmb clc wbc%

abphcl zl{{ngndb wn{hdnwb cî hdd„lzbwhqlwb cî hd kdnbcqb

klncpldqn cbddh klcpbw{hvnlcb wbon{qwhqh Cbd kh{l an

{zbknb$ h zhwbwb abd Encn{qbwl$ d„hwq# 1 abddl [qhqrql

clc qwlphph hzzdnkhvnlcb zbwkmî$ kleb {lqqldncbhql

ahddl {qb{{l ncqbwzbddhcqb$ {r{{n{qbphcl khrqbdb nal%

cbb h clc zbwebqqbwb d„nabcqnkhvnlcb abd dhplwhqlwb bxrncan h clc dbabwb nd {rl anwnqql hddh wn{bwphqbvvh#

Cbddl {qb{{l Ncqbwzbddl$ ncldqwb$ {n wnkmnhehph dh wn{zl%

{qh ha rc zwbkbabcqb xrb{nql abd 0 onrocl 7::0 dha%

alpb {n b{kdrabph dh zl{{ngndnqê an klcqwlddhwb d„hqqnpnqê

abd dhplwhqlwb cbd kh{l an nc{qhddhvnlcb an rc {n{qbeh

nc owhal an wbon{qwhwb d„hzzhwbkkmnl kmnhehql ba nd cr%

ebwl abddh zl{qhvnlcb ahddh xrhdb dh kmnhehqh pbcnph

bbqqrhqh# Hckmb nc xrb{qh nzlqb{n$ nchqqn$ dh wlqhvnlcb

abd zbw{lchdb kmb rqndnvvhph dh zl{qhvnlcb {qb{{h$ ne%

zbanph rch anwbqqh klwwbdhvnlcb qwh nd qbdblcl ahd xrhdb

bwhcl bbqqrhqb db kmnhehqb ba nd dhplwhqlwb#Zhwqnkldhwebcqb klezdnkhql wn{rdqh klcqbezbwhwb db

klcqwhzzl{qb b{nobcvb abd ahqlwb an dhplwl b abn dhpl%

whqlwn klc wnorhwal hdd„rqndnvvl abddh zl{qh bdbqqwlcnkh b

an Ncqbwcbq# Nc zhwqnkldhwb$ dh onrwn{zwrabcvh {n í zl{qh

nd zwlgdbeh an khznwb {b qhdn ebvvn wnbcqwhcl l ebcl

cbddh zwbpn{nlcb abdd„hwq# 1 abddl [qhqrql$ qwhqqhcal{n an

{qwrebcqn kmb wbcalcl zl{{ngndb nd klcqwlddl h an{qhc%

vh abddb hqqnpnqê abd dhplwhqlwb hqqwhpbw{l$ ha b{beznl$

dh klc{rdqhvnlcb abn eb{{hoon ebelwnvvhqn {rd {bwpbw

hvnbcahdb#Nd Qwngrchdb an Endhcl$ klc lwanchcvh abd 8: ehoonl

7::7$ mh ankmnhwhql kmb d„ncanwnvvl an zl{qh bdbqqwlcnkh

nc r{l hd dhplwhqlwb í zbw{lchdb nc xrhcql pnbcb hqqwn%

grnql hd {ncoldl anzbcabcqb zbw d„b{bwknvnl abddb {rb

ehc{nlcn$ eh nd {rl rqndnvvl clc í b{kdr{npl# D„ncanwnvvl

hvnbcahdb$ nchqqn$ wnbcqwh cbddh an{zlcngndnqê an hkkb{{l

an zbw{lcb anpbw{b ahdd„rqbcqb hgnqrhdb zbwkmî dh zl{qh

bdbqqwlcnkh$ hckmb {b h{{bochqh hd {ncoldl$ abpb b{%

{bwb klc{nabwhqh kleb {bezdnkb {qwrebcql an dhplwl#

[bklcal d„lwanchcvh$ zbwqhcql$ d„hkkb{{l hddh zl{qh

bdbqqwlcnkh abd anzbcabcqb ah zhwqb abd ahqlwb an dhpl%

wl$ clc í klcorwhgndb kleb klcqwlddl {rddb hqqnpnqê abd

dhplwhqlwb# Nd onrankb an ebwnql klckdrab$ xrncan$ kmb

d„hwq# 1 {n hzzdnkh b{kdr{nphebcqb h {qwrebcqn b{qbwcn

hddh hqqnpnqê dhplwhqnph$ kleb n {n{qben an pnabl{lwpb%

odnhcvh$ ebcqwb dh zl{qh bdbqqwlcnkh ba nd klddbohebcql

ha Ncqbwcbq {lcl b{kdr{n ahdd„hegnql an hzzdnkhvnlcb

abddh clweh nc xrhcql ebvvn cbkb{{hwn zbw d„habezn%

ebcql abddh zwb{qhvnlcb dhplwhqnph#

Nc qhd {bc{l {n í b{zwb{{h wbkbcqbebcqb hckmb dh Klw%

qb an Kh{{hvnlcb kmb$ klc {bcqbcvh abd 7? bggwhnl7:87$ c# 7?77$ mh zl{ql hd an rlwn abdd„hegnql an hz%

zdnkhvnlcb abdd„hwq# 1 abddl [qhqrql n klcqwlddn anwbqqn ha

hkkbwqhwb db klcalqqb nddbknqb abn anzbcabcqn#

Cbd kh{l an {zbknb$ rc dhplwhqlwb an rc n{qnqrql an kwb%




anql pbcnph dnkbcvnhql zbw hpbw anr{l h qbwvn$ qwhenqb

eb{{hoon an zl{qh bdbqqwlcnkh$ clqnvnb wn{bwphqb klc%

kbwcbcqn rc kdnbcqb owhvnb hd xrhdb hpbph klckdr{l

lzbwhvnlcn chcvnhwnhebcqb phcqhoonl{b# Nd ahqlwb an

dhplwl$ rch pldqh bebw{l d„nddbknql$ klcqwlddhph dh zl{qhbdbqqwlcnkh abd anzbcabcqb zbw hkkbwqhwb dh zbwzbqwh%

vnlcb an bpbcqrhdn {klwwbqqbvvb$ zln bbqqnphebcqb wn%

{klcqwhqb$ ahddl {qb{{l zl{qb nc b{{bwb# Nd wnklwwbcqb dh%

ebcqhph dh pnldhvnlcb abdd„hwq# 1 clc b{{bcalpn hdkrc

hkklwal klc db whzzwb{bcqhcvb {ncahkhdn hvnbcahdn$ cî

hrqlwnvvhvnlcb ah zhwqb abddh Anwbvnlcb Zwlpncknhdb abd

Dhplwl anwbqqn h klc{bcqnwb rch pbwnkh abd {rl lzb%

whql#

H zhwbwb abddh Klwqb nd kl{naabqql klcqwlddl anbc{npl$

clc wnorhwahph d„b{hqql habeznebcql abddb lggdnoh%

vnlcn an{kbcabcqn ahd whzzlwql an dhplwl$ eh bwh ab{qn%

chql ha hkkbwqhwb rc klezlwqhebcql kmb zlcbph nc

zbwnkldl d„neehoncb abdd„n{qnqrql ghckhwnl zwb{{l qbwvn#

Nd ahqlwb an dhplwl ncqbwpbcnph klc rc klcqwlddl b} zl{q

abddh zl{qh bdbqqwlcnkh h qrqbdh abd zwlzwnl zhqwnel%

cnl kl{qnqrnql clc {ldl ah gbcn hvnbcahdn$ eh hckmb

abddh zwlzwnh neehoncb b{qbwch kl{ä kleb hzzhwnph

hd zrggdnkl# Nd {rl klezlwqhebcql$ b{zwb{{nlcb abd

{rl zlqbwb anwbqqnpl {rdd„hvnbcah ba hpbcqb ha loobqql

dh qrqbdh an gbcn b{qwhcbn hd whzzlwql an dhplwl$ bwh ah

klc{nabwhw{n dbonqqnel# Qhdb {nqrhvnlcb$ xrncan$ bwh ahb{kdrabwb ahd khezl an hzzdnkhvnlcb abdd„hwq# 1 abd%

dl [qhqrql# Nc {l{qhcvh$ {b nd klcqwlddl anbc{npl clc

wnorhwah d„b{hqql habeznebcql abddb lggdnohvnlcn ab%

wnphcqn ahd whzzlwql an dhplwl$ eh í ab{qnchql ha hkkbw%

qhwb bpbcqrhdn klezlwqhebcqn nddbknqn zl{qn nc b{{bwb ahd

dhplwhqlwb$ clc í nddbonqqnel#

Pnkbpbw{h$ {b nd klcqwlddl anbc{npl í hgnqrhdebcqb

bbqqrhql ebanhcqb zwlowheen nclwehqnkn kmb klc%

{bcqlcl nd elcnqlwhoonl abddb b ‛ ehnd b abodn hkkb{{n

Ncqbwcbq$ hd cb an pbwnkhwb db elahdnqê an {pldonebc%

ql abddh zwb{qhvnlcb dhplwhqnph$ í pnbqhql l klercxrb

{rglwanchql hd wn{zbqql abddb zwlkbarwb zwbpn{qb ahddl

[qhqrql abn Dhplwhqlwn#

-@Gr%@Q.

@HZN # K l e b @ N c H c v N H w b

d H @ l w e H v N l c b

Nd @HZN$ @lcal an @lwehvnlcb abddb Znkkldb b Ebanb

Ncar{qwnb$ bcqb gndhqbwhdb kwbhql ahddh cl{qwh Klchzn

klc Kond$ Kn{d b Rnd$ í dl {qwrebcql h an{zl{nvnlcb abd%

db nezwb{b b abn dhplwhqlwn zbw nd chcvnhebcql abddh

lwehvnlcb#

Nd @lcal ohwhcqn{kb hdd„nezwb{h n klcqwngrqn bklclenkn

zbw n zwlobqqn an lwehvnlcb hvnbcahdb chdnvvhqn hdd„ho%

onlwchebcql zwlb{{nlchdb ba hddh lwehvnlcb klcqn%

crh abn dhplwhqlwn#Zbw db hvnbcab n{kwnpbw{n hd @hzn clc kl{qh crddh6 nchqqn$

nd @lcal í chcvnhql ahd klcqwngrql abddl :$;:" zbw dh

an{lkkrzhvnlcb ncpldlcqhwnh kmb n ahqlwn an dhplwl pbw%

{hcl lggdnohqlwnhebcqb hdd„Ncz{$ hckmb {b clc habwn%

{klcl ha hdkrc lcal an lwehvnlcb#

Dh lwehvnlcb bwlohqh zr÷ wnorhwahwb odn hegnqn qwh%

anvnlchdn$ clckmî dh xrhdnqê$ d„ncclphvnlcb an zwlkb{{l

l an zwlalqql b dh lwehvnlcb {rn qben abddh {nkrwbvvh

hoonrcqnph h xrbddh lggdnohqlwnh#

Nd @HZN$ hd xrhdb onê habwn{klcl ldqwb 10#::: nezwb{b

klc ldqwb 18=#::: dhplwhqlwn$ í nd lcal ncqbwzwlb{{nl%

chdb {r en{rwh zbw dh kwb{knqh abddb klezbqbcvb abn

anzbcabcqn b zbw dh kwb{knqh abddh zwlarqqnpnqê abddb znk%

kldb b ebanb nezwb{b#

Nd @lcal í zwb{bcqb klc db {rb rcnqê lzbwhqnpb nc qrqqb

db wbonlcn nqhdnhcb zbw b{{bwb pnkncl hddb b{nobcvb abddb

znkkldb b ebanb ncar{qwnb b xrncan abn dhplwhqlwn#

N lcan {n gh{hcl {r elabddn lwohcnvvhqnpn abkbcqwhqn h

dnpbddl wbonlchdb$ hqqn h hkndnqhwb odn ncqbwpbcqn an lweh%

vnlcb klcqncrh cbd znþ {qwbqql whzzlwql klc db cbkb{%

{nqê abddb nezwb{b b$ xrncan$ h wn{zlcabwb hn gn{locn{zbknkn abddb wbhdqê dhplwhqnpb hvnbcahdn b zwlarqqnpb#

el a H d N q ê a „ H a b { N l c b

Zbw habwnwb hd @lcal @lwehvnlcb ZEN í {rknbcqb

ncankhwb cbddh —AbcrcknhHvnbcahdb― abd `r{{l RCN%

BEBC[ hoowbohql$ cbdd„hegnql abdd„bdbebcql —@lc%

alNcqbwzwl―$ d„lzvnlcb —Hab{nlcb― {bdbvnlchcal nd

klankb @HZN nc{bwbcal nd crebwl abn anzbcabcqn ncqb%

wb{{hqn hdd„lggdnol klcqwngrqnpl#

D„bbqql abdd„hab{nlcb í neebanhql$ d„hvnbcah$ zlqwê

r{rwrnwb abn chcvnhebcqn abd @lcal @lwehvnlcb ZEN

{nc ah {rgnql# N pbw{hebcqn hd @lcal ncnvnbwhccl h ab%

klwwbwb ahd eb{b an klezbqbcvh nc krn í {qhql ncankhql

nd klankb —@HZN―# Nc kh{l an qhwanph qwh{en{{nlcb abddh

abcrcknh qbdbehqnkh$ {hwê zwb{h nc klc{nabwhvnlcb dh

ahqh an bbqqnpl ncldqwl# D„hab{nlcb hd @lcal í hzbwqh h

qrqqb db hvnbcab b mh arwhqh ncabqbwenchqh$ zbw krn kmn

mh onê habwnql cbodn hccn {klw{n clc mh dh cbkb{{nqê an

ehcnb{qhwb crlphebcqb nd zwlzwnl ncqbwb{{b#

q w H { @ b w N w { N a H r c H dq w l @ l c a l H @HZN

Db hvnbcab n{kwnqqb ha hdqwn @lcan ncqbwzwlb{{nlchdn$

kmb ab{nabwhcl zh{{hwb hd @HZN$ mhccl dh zl{{ngndnqê

an qwh{bwnwb nd ?:" abd qlqhdb abddb {leeb klc`rnqb




cbd qwnbccnl hcqbkbabcqb hd @lcal zwbkbabcqbebcqb

{kbdql$ hd cbqql abdd„heelcqhwb bpbcqrhdebcqb onê rqn%

dnvvhql zbw nd chcvnhebcql abn zwlzwn znhcn lwehqnpn#

Zl{{lcl klercxrb b{{bwb qwh{bwnqb db {ldb wn{lw{b

wbdhqnpb hn pbw{hebcqn bbqqrhqb h zhwqnwb ahd 8S obc%chnl 7::> b abplcl b{{bwb hdebcl zhwn h ;#::: brwl#

Db hvnbcab ncqbwb{{hqb$ cbd kh{l nc krn nc knh{krcl abn

qwb hccn zwbkbabcqn clc wnkhalcl cbddh abcnvnlcb kl%

ercnqhwnh an enkwl b znkkldb nezwb{b -nezwb{b hrql%

cleb klc ebcl an 2: anzbcabcqn ba rc hqqrwhql l rc

gndhcknl hccrhdb clc {rzbwnlwb h 8: endnlcn an brwl.$

alpwhccl ncpnhwb wnkmnb{qh hd @lcal an zwlpbcnbcvh -b

zbw klcl{kbcvh hd crlpl @lcal. zbw nd qwh{bwnebcql

abddb wn{lw{b$ hddbohcal klznh abd AE8:,7 cbd xrhdb

í {qhqh b{zwb{{h dh wbplkh# Lzbwhqnphebcqb í {r%

knbcqb {kbodnbwb cbddh —AbcrcknhHvnbcahdb― abd `r{{l

RCNBEBC[$ hdd„ncqbwcl abdd„bdbebcql —@lcalNcqbw%

zwl―$ d„lzvnlcb —Wbplkh― nc{bwbcal nd klankb WBPL b

{bdbvnlchwb$ klcqb{qrhdebcqb cbddh {qb{{h Abcrcknh$

nd klankb @HZN#

Dh alqq#{{h Behcrbdh Ab @hkknl í h an{zl{nvnlcb zbw

locn bpbcqrhdb nclwehvnlcb hddl :1;7,2:?;??#

-BA@.

rcNlcebKKHcNKH ‛ Klc@HZN#crlpN eNcNeN wbqwNgrqNpN

aHd 8º eHwvl 7:87

D„hkklwal an wncclpl abd K#K#C#D# RCNLCEBKKHCN%

KH ‛ KLC@HZN$ {nodhql nd ; onrocl 7:8:$ mh wnzhwqnql

d„hrebcql abn crlpn encnen wbqwngrqnpn nc xrhqqwl whqb$

an krn dh zwneh klc abklwwbcvh 8º onrocl 7:8:$ dh {b%

klcah klc abklwwbcvh ahd 8º ehwvl 7:88 b db rdqneb

arb klc abklwwbcvh wn{zbqqnphebcqb ahd 8º ehwvl

7:87 b 8º bggwhnl 7:8;# Cbddh {lqql{qhcqb qhgbddh bpn%

abcvnhel odn nckwbebcqn ba n crlpn encnen wbqwngrqnpn nc

pnolwb ahd 8º ehwvl 7:876

DNPBDDN

ENCNEL

KLCODLGHQL

:8#:;#7:88

HREBCQN AHD

:8#:;#7:87

ENCNEL

KLCODLGHQL

:8#:;#7:87

> ₤ 7#8>>$27 ₤ 01$2= ₤ 7#701$8:

= ₤ 8#>=>$01 ₤ 22$8; ₤ 7#:11$??

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2 ₤ 8#2>?$20 ₤ 17$:: ₤ 8#0;>$20

DNPBDDN

ENCNEL

KLCODLGHQL

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Dh zhwqb bklclenkh abd K#K#C#D# {khawê nd ;8 eho%

onl 7:8;# [n wnklwah kmb klc pbwghdb an hkklwal abd

2 ankbegwb 7:88$ Rcnlcebkkhcnkh,@ne ‛ Rnde mhccl

klcpbcrql an zl{qnknzhwb nd pbw{hebcql zwbpn{ql ahd

wncclpl abd ; onrocl 7:8: nc ehqbwnh an bdhwb b gndh%

qbwhdnqê$ alprql zbw d„hccl 7:88 cbddh en{rwh an ₤ 7$::

hd eb{b zbw anzbcabcqb$ ahd eb{b an obcchnl 7:87 hd

eb{b an onrocl abdd„hccl klwwbcqb#

Elahdnqê b ab{qnchvnlcb abd pbw{hebcql {hwhccl

abqbwenchqb ahddh Kleen{{nlcb Zhwnqbqnkh$ zwbpn{qh

ahdd„hkklwal an wncclpl$ kmb alpwê qbwenchwb n zwlzwn

dhplwn bcqwl onrocl 7:87#

-@Gr%@Q.

HcNbe ‛ Klc@HZN# {bqqlwb

dHZNabN# wbqwNgrvNlcN Nc p NOlwb aHd 8º eHwvl 7:87

D„hkklwal an wncclpl abd K#K#C#D# HCNBE ‛ KLC@HZN$

{bqqlwb DHZNABN$ {nodhql nd 2 lqqlgwb 7:8:$ mh wnzhwqnql

d„hrebcql abn crlpn encnen wbqwngrqnpn nc xrhqqwl whqb$

an krn dh zwneh klc abklwwbcvh 8º lqqlgwb 7:8:$ dh {b%

klcah klc abklwwbcvh ahd 8º ehoonl 7:88$ dh qbwvh

klc abklwwbcvh ahd 8º ehwvl 7:87 b d„rdqneh klc ab%

klwwbcvh ahd 8º obcchnl 7:8;#

Cbddh {lqql{qhcqb qhgbddh bpnabcvnhel odn nckwbebc%

qn ba n crlpn encnen wbqwngrqnpn nc pnolwb ahd 8º ehwvl

7:876

DNPBDDN

ENCNEL )

KLCQNCOBCVH

:8#:2#7:88

HREBCQN AHD

:8#:;#7:87

ENCNEL )

KLCQNCOBCVH

:8#:;#7:87

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? ₤ 8#;=0$>0 ₤ 7>$2: ₤ 8#180$10

= ₤ 8#728$?0 ₤ 72$:: ₤ 8#7?0$?0




Db zhwqn mhccl klcklwahql rc hrebcql abn encnen

qhgbddhwn zbw nd 7º dnpbddl$ zhwhebqwl 8:>$ zhwn h brwl

?:$::$ ah bwlohw{n nc xrhqqwl qwhckmb klc abklwwbc%

vh onrocl 7:88$ ehwvl 7:87$ {bqqbegwb 7:87 b hzwndb

7:8;#[n wnzlwqhcl xrncan cbddh {lqql{qhcqb qhgbddh odn nezlwqn

abodn hrebcqn bklclenkn b db wbdhqnpb wbqwngrvnlcn qh%

gbddhwn nc pnolwb ahd 8º ehwvl 7:87#

DNPBDDN

WBQWNGRVNLCB

QHGBDDHWB

:8#:0#7:88

HREBCQN AHD

:8#:;#7:87

WBQWNGRVNLCB

QHGBDDHWB

:8#:;#7:87

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? 8#8;7$07 8=$11 8#828$:0

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; 001$>7 8:$=; 0?2$?2

7 081$78 8:$:: 071$78

8 20;$2: >$8? 2?7$0?

-@Gr%@Q.

Wnklwanhel kmb nd K#K#C#D# mh phdbcvh qwnbcchdb$ ab%

klwwb ahd 8º hzwndb 7:8: ba hpwê pnolwb cl hd ;8 ehwvl

7:8;#

-@Gr%@Q.

w Ncclpl abd K#K#c#d#rcNlc{bwpNvN % Klc@HZN

NeZwb{b aN ZrdNv NH b {bwpNvN

NcqbOwHqN , erdqN{bwpNvN#crlpN eNcNeN qHgbddHwN

aHd 8º eHwvl 7:87

Nc ahqh ; hol{ql 7:88$ cbd klw{l abdd„ncklcqwl qbcrql{n

zwb{{l nd Encn{qbwl abd Dhplwl$ í {qhql whqnkhql nd klc%

qwhqql an wncclpl abd KKCD Nezwb{b an Zrdnvnh b {bwpnvn

ncqbowhqn,Erdqn{bwpnvn$ {lqql{kwnqql dl {klw{l ;8 ehoonl

7:88$ n krn bbqqn abklwwlcl ahd 8º onrocl 7:88$ klc

wnbwnebcql hd zbwnlal klcqwhqqrhdb 8º obcchnl 7:8: ‛

;: hzwndb 7:8;#



{ n k r w b v v h

b

h e g n b c Q b

7:

` l w e h v n l c b a b%

o d n l z b w h Q l w n z b w

d b h z zh w b k k m n h %

Q r w b a n [ l d d b p h %

e b c Q l 6 h k k l w %

a l [ Q h Q l%w b o n l c n

dhplwhqlwn nckhwnkhqn abdd„r{l an hqqwbvvhqrwb kmb wn%

kmnbalcl klcl{kbcvb b wb{zlc{hgndnqê zhwqnkldhwn

an krn hdd„hwq# ?8$ kleeh ?#

Cbodn hddbohqn {lcl zwbkn{hqn n wbxrn{nqn an chqrwh obcb%

whdb$ lppbwl nalcbnqê abdd„hwbh b dh an{zlcngndnqê abddb

hqqwbvvhqrwh zbw n {loobqqn lwehqlwn -hddbohql N.9 db nc%

ankhvnlcn zbw d„rqndnvvl abddh lwehvnlcb b%dbhwcnco -hd%

dbohql NN.9 n wbxrn{nqn encnen abn zwlowheen an klw{n anlwehvnlcb b dlwl phdrqhvnlcb -hddbohqn NNN$ NP$ P$ PN$ PNN$

PNNN$ N]$ ].#

D„hgndnqhvnlcb abpb b{{bwb wncclphqh bcqwl 2 hccn ahd%

dh ahqh an wndh{knl abdd„hqqb{qhql an hgndnqhvnlcb$ zwbpnh

pbwnkh abddh zhwqbknzhvnlcb ha rc klw{l an hoonlwch%

ebcql# Dh arwhqh encneh abdd„Hoonlwchebcql í {{h%

qh nc 1 lwb$ an krn hdebcl qwb wbdhqnpb hodn hwolebcqn abn

elardn zwhqnkn# Pnbcb zwbpn{ql rc zbwnlal qwhc{nqlwnl an

71 eb{n ahdd„bcqwhqh nc pnolwb abdd„Hkklwal$ lppbwl nd

87 ehwvl 7:81$ zbw zbwebqqbwb hn dhplwhqlwn kmb hd 87

ehwvl 7:8; {lcl nckhwnkhqn abdd„r{l abddb hqqwbvvhqrwb$

an bbqqrhwb n klw{n kleb an{knzdnchqn ahdd„hkklwal#

Rch kdhr{ldh an {hdphorhwanh b clc an wbowb{{l an{zl%

cb kmb$ xrhdlwh {nh onê nc b{{bwb rc {n{qbeh$ an{knzdn%

chql h dnpbddl wbonlchdb$ an hgndnqhvnlcb hddh klcarvnlcb

abddb hqqwbvvhqrwb an dhplwl klwwn{zlcabcqb hn klcqb%

crqn encnen abdd„Hkklwal nc loobqql$ n klw{n$ db pbwnkmb

chdn an hzzwbcanebcql b n {n{qben an alkrebcqhvnlcb

heencn{qwhqnph wnehcolcl phdnan cl hddh {khabcvh

abddh phdnanqê abdd„hgndnqhvnlcb -2 hccn.#

Í zl{{ngndb pn{nlchwb nd qb{ql abdd„hkklwal hd {b%orbcqb dnci6 mqqz6,,#{qhqlwbonlcn#nq,Alkrebcqn,

ALK\:;272>\2;"7:k{w"7:zrcql"7:87#za

-K.

ZrggdNKHql d„HKKlwal

{qHql%wbONlcN {r

HqqwbvvHqrwb aN dHplwl b

HgNdNqHvNlcb abOdN lZbwHqlwN

Dl {klw{l 77 bggwhnl dh Klcbwbcvh [qhql ‛ Wbonlcn

mh {hcknql rc Hkklwal klckbwcbcqb —d„ncanpnarhvnlcbabddb hqqwbvvhqrwb an dhplwl zbw db xrhdn í wnkmnb{qh rch

{zbknkh hgndnqhvnlcb abodn lzbwhqlwn$ clckmî db elah%

dnqê zbw nd wnklcl{knebcql an qhdb hgndnqhvnlcb$ n {loobqqn

lwehqlwn$ dh arwhqh$ odn ncanwnvvn ba n wbxrn{nqn encnen an

phdnanqê abddh lwehvnlcb$ nc hqqrhvnlcb abdd„hwqnkldl ?;$

kleeh 2$ abd abkwbql dbon{dhqnpl > hzwndb 7::=$ c# =8 b

{rkkb{{npb elankmb b ncqbowhvnlcn―$ zrggdnkhql cbddh

O#R# c# 0: abd 87 ehwvl 7:87#

D„hkklwal zwbpbab d„ncanpnarhvnlcb abddb hqqwbvvhqrwb

an dhplwl zbw db xrhdn í wnkmnb{qh rch {zbknkh hgndnqh%

vnlcb abodn lzbwhqlwn$ clckmî db elahdnqê an wnklcl%

{knebcql an qhdb hgndnqhvnlcb abodn lzbwhqlwn$ n {loobqqn

lwehqlwn$ dh arwhqh$ odn ncanwnvvn b n wbxrn{nqn encnen an

phdnanqê abddh lwehvnlcb ba ncanpnarh6

h. db hqqwbvvhqrwb an dhplwl zbw db xrhdn í wnkmnb{qh rch

{zbknkh hgndnqhvnlcb abodn lzbwhqlwn6 znhqqhlweb

an dhplwl elgndn bdbphgndn9 owr h qlwwb9 owr elgndb9

owr zbw hrqlkhwwl9 khwwbddn bdbphqlwn {belpbcqn klc

klcarkbcqb h glwal9 khwwbddn {belpbcqn h gwhkknl

qbdb{klznkl9 khwwbddn ncar{qwnhdn {belpbcqn9 khwwbddn,

{lddbphqlwn,bdbphqlwn {belpbcqn qbdb{klznkn wlqhqnpn9qwhqqlwn hownkldn l lwb{qhdn9 ehkkmncb elpnebcql

qbwwh9 zlezh zbw khdkb{qwrvvl#

g. n {loobqqn lwehqlwn$ dh arwhqh$ ncanwnvvn b wbxrn{nqn

encnen abn klw{n an lwehvnlcb qblwnkl%zwhqnkh zbw n




d b q q b w H H d e N c N { q w l

K d N c N Z b w q l O d N b w b N d

K H c l c b { N { q w N

Dh cl{qwh H{{lknhvnlcb chvnlchdb KLC@HZN$ klconrc%

qhebcqb ha hdqwb h{{lknhvnlcn ahqlwnhdn$ mh {kwnqql hd

Encn{qwl abdd„Hegnbcqb$ Klwwhal Kdncn$ kmnbabcal dh

{lzzwb{{nlcb abd zhohebcql abd klcqwngrql hd [N[QWN

-[n{qbeh an klcqwlddl abddh qwhkknhgndnqê abn wnrqn. zbw

nd 7:87$ qbwencb kmb$ kleb í clql$ í {{hql zbw nd

zwl{{nel ;: hzwndb# —Nd {n{qbeh an qwhkknhgndnqê abn wn%

rqn ‛ {lqqldncbh dh clqh ‛ klcqncrh h b{{bwb zbw db ne%

zwb{b elqnpl an zwblkkrzhvnlcb b an ehdklcqbcql# N

wncpnn abdd„lzbwhqnpnqê$ kmb {n wnzbqlcl qwneb{qwhdebcqb

ah arb hccn$ qb{qnelcnhcl$ nchqqn$ rch {nqrhvnlcb clc

ob{qngndb$ kmb wnkmnbab dh wnpn{nqhvnlcb qlqhdb abd zwl%

obqql―# —Nc xrb{qh {nqrhvnlcb$ nd zhohebcql abd klcqwn%

grql [N[QWN zbw d„hccl 7:87$ {{hql zbw nd ;: hzwndb$

pnbcb zbwkbznql ah qrqqb db cl{qwb nezwb{b % wnehwkhcl

db h{{lknhvnlcn nezwbcanqlwnhdn % kleb rch pb{{hvnlcb

nconr{qnkhqh― qhcql znþ kmb db hvnbcab {qb{{b —mhccl

onê pbw{hql$ zbw d„hccl 7:8: b zbw d„hccl 7:88$ ?: en%

dnlcn an brwl$ {bcvh hpbwcb wnqlwcl hdkrcl―# —Nc zbwnlan

an zwllcah ankldqê bklclenkh kleb xrbddl hqqrhdb$

d„lggdnol an crlpn pbw{hebcqn$ ha hppn{l an qrqqn$ clcqwlph onr{qnkhvnlcb#

Db nezwb{b % klckdrab dh dbqqbwh ncpnhqh hd Encn{qwl

abdd„hegnbcqb Kdncn % cb h{zbqqhcl dh {lzzwb{{nlcb―#

-K.

K l c d „ b @ @ N K N b c v H

b c b w O b q N K H w N { Z H w e N H q b

N c N q H d N H l d q w b > $ 0e N d N l c N a N q l c c b d d H q b

b x r N p H d b c q N a N Z b q w l d N l

D„Hrqlwnqê zbw d„Bcbwonh Bdbqqwnkh ba nd Oh{ -HBBO. mh

wbkbcqbebcqb hqql nd zrcql abddh {nqrhvnlcb {rd ebk%

khcn{el abn qnqldn an bknbcvh bcbwobqnkh$ bpnabcvnhc%

alcb n wn{rdqhqn zl{nqnpn#

Cb aê anr{nlcb hqqwhpbw{l rc klercnkhql {qhezh

zrggdnkhql {rd {nql mqqz6,,#hrqlwnqh#bcbwonh#nq,nq,

kle\{qhezh,87,87:;:>#mqe$ abd xrhdb wnzlwqnhel dbzhwqn {hdnbcqn#

Nc zlkl znþ an {bn hccn$ ahodn ncnvn abd 7::2 hddh ebqê

abd 7:88$ nd {n{qbeh abn Qnqldn an bknbcvh bcbwobqnkh

-QBB.$ mh zwlalqql rc wn{zhwenl an ldqwb >$0 endnlcn

an qlccbddhqb bxrnphdbcqn an zbqwldnl h dnpbddl chvnlch%

db$ hqqwhpbw{l dh anr{nlcb an qbkcldlonb znþ bknbcqn

cbddb kh{b$ cbn {bwpnvn b cbdd„ncar{qwnh# Dl bpnabcvnh nd

[b{ql Whzzlwql Hccrhdb {rd ebkkhcn{el abn qnqldn an

bknbcvh bcbwobqnkh kmb nddr{qwh$ nc zhwqnkldhwb$ n wn{rd%qhqn abdd„rdqnel hccl an wnbwnebcql ‛ 8º onrocl 7:8:,;8

ehoonl 7:88 % nd {b{ql an lzbwhqnpnqê abd ebkkhcn{el#

Nd Whzzlwql klcbweh dh zl{nqnph bpldrvnlcb abd {n{qb%

eh abn Qnqldn an Bknbcvh Bcbwobqnkh -kbwqnkhqn gnhc%

kmn . cbd zwlarwwb wn{zhwen bcbwobqnkn ba bklclenkn b

klcqwngrnwb hd whoonrconebcql abodn lgnbqqnpn chvnlchdn

abd 7:%7:%7:#

N —kbwqnkhqn gnhckmn― l —Qnqldn an Bknbcvh Bcbwobqnkh―

-QBB. {lcl rcl {qwrebcql an ebwkhql kmb mh zwb{l

hppnl cbd obcchnl 7::2 zbw zwlerlpbwb d„bknbcvh

bcbwobqnkh cbodn r{n chdn9 nc zhwqnkldhwb$ {bwplcl zbw

kbwqnkhwb nd whoonrconebcql abodn lgnbqqnpn an wn{zhwenl

kmb db nezwb{b an{qwngrqwnkn an bcbwonh bdbqqwnkh b oh{

abplcl klc{bornwb$ hqqwhpbw{l ncqbwpbcqn b zwlobqqn#

Dh phdrqhvnlcb ba nd klcqwlddl abn wn{zhwen í hahqh

hdd„Hrqlwnqê zbw d„bcbwonh kmb kbwqnkh n wn{zhwen bcbw%

obqnkn lqqbcrqn b hrqlwnvvh zln nd Ob{qlwb abd ebwkhql

bdbqqwnkl -OEB. ha bebqqbwb n —kbwqnkhqn gnhckmn― nc

xrhcqnqê zhwn hn wn{zhwen kbwqnkhqn$ h hplwb abn an{qwn%

grqlwn$ abddb {lknbqê klcqwlddhqb ahodn {qb{{n an{qwngrqlwn

l h hplwb an {lknbqê lzbwhcqn cbd {bqqlwb abn {bwpnvnbcbwobqnkn -B[KL.# Zbw anel{qwhwb an hpbw whoonrcql

odn lggdnomn an wn{zhwenl bcbwobqnkl b clc ncklwwbwb nc

{hcvnlcn abdd„Hrqlwnqê$ n an{qwngrqlwn abplcl klc{boch%

wb hccrhdebcqb hdd„Hrqlwnqê rc crebwl an ”qnqldn„ bxrn%

phdbcqb hdd„lgnbqqnpl lggdnohqlwnl#

Rch zwneh clpnqê zl{nqnph$ í d„hrebcql abd crebwl

abn {loobqqn klncpldqn cbdd„hqqrhvnlcb abd ebkkhcn{el

zbw dh anr{nlcb abdd„bknbcvh bcbwobqnkh6 wn{zbqql hd

7:8:$ odn bcbwo~ ehchobw {lcl whaalzznhqn b {n wb%

on{qwh rc hrebcql abd 7=" abddb {lknbqê an {bwpnvn

bcbwobqnkn kmb$ ah {ldb$ mhccl zwlalqql rc pldreb an

wn{zhwen an bcbwonh zhwn h knwkh 0 pldqb xrbddn abn an{qwn%

grqlwn lggdnohqn#

Nc kwb{knqh wn{rdqhcl hckmb n qnqldn {khegnhqn$ h bpnabc%

vnhwb rc ebwkhql pnphkb b {bezwb znþ dnxrnal$ klc rch

lwqb anencrvnlcb abddh pldhqndnqê abn zwbvvn b abd owhal

an klckbcqwhvnlcb abddh alehcah b abdd„lbwqh# Hckmb

dh ebanh ebc{ndb abddb qlccbddhqb bxrnphdbcqn an zbqwl%

dnl -QBZ. wn{zhwenhqb í nc hrebcql$ klc rc znkkl an knw%

kh ;;: endh qbz,eb{b cbn zwnen kncxrb eb{n abn 7:88#

Nd Whzzlwql klcbweh ncldqwb nd owharhdb wnbxrndngwnlcbddh wnzhwqnvnlcb abodn ncqbwpbcqn zbw d„bknbcvh h h%

plwb abd {bqqlwb ncar{qwnhdb$ alpb n wn{zhwen wbhdnvvhqn

{lcl xrhawrzdnkhqn nc {bn hccn$ zh{{hcal ahd 2" hd

7: " abd qlqhdb klezdb{{npl abodn ncqbwpbcqn kleznrqn#




Clc ehckhcl$ qrqqhpnh$ hdkrcb kwnqnknqê9 wh xrb{qb$

ha b{beznl$ db nckbwqbvvb clwehqnpb zbw dh ehckhqh

abcnvnlcb abodn lgnbqqnpn an wn{zhwenl ldqwb nd 7:879

d„hrebcql abd crebwl an {loobqqn klncpldqn cbddh wbol%

dhvnlcb b ob{qnlcb abd {n{qbeh % klc klc{borbcqn an%kldqê an kllwanchebcql$ ob{qnlcb b znhcnkhvnlcb zbw

db heencn{qwhvnlcn klncpldqb$ hddrcohebcql abn qbezn

abkn{nlchdn b nckbwqbvvb zbw odn lzbwhqlwn % b d„ncabgl%

dnebcql abd {n{qbeh zbw dh zwlowb{{nph ncqwlarvnlcb

an rdqbwnlwn ebkkhcn{en an nckbcqnphvnlcb$ cbkb{{hwnh%

ebcqb {l{qnqrqnpn zbw bpnqhwb nd wn{kmnl an {lpwhnckbcqn%

phvnlcn b alzzn klcqboon#

Ah xrn hdkrcb zwlzl{qb kmb d„Hrqlwnqê nddr{qwh cbd whz%

zlwql$ hckmb zbw {rzbwhwb kwnqnknqê bebwobcqn$ xrhdn6

dh klezdb{{nqê an ob{qnlcb9 odn lcbwn dbohqn hddh klb{n%

{qbcvh an anpbw{n ebkkhcn{en h {l{qbocl hdd„bknbc%

vh bcbwobqnkh9 db zl{{ngndn ankldqê an ncqbwhvnlcb qwh

n QBB ba n crlpn {qwrebcqn kmb {n {lcl owharhdebcqb

hoonrcqn cbd qbezl$ klc zhwqnkldhwb wnbwnebcql hn {n%

{qben an nckbcqnphvnlcb abddh klobcbwhvnlcb ha hdql

wbcanebcql b nd rqrwl —klcql bcbwonh qbwenkh― -A#Do{

c# 7=,88.#

-K.

arb c l p N q ê a H d d „HO b c v N H

br w l Z b H Z b w d H Km N e N K H

-bKmH.

a N { Z l c N g N d N d b N c @ l w e H v N l c N

{ r O d N H wq N K l d N K l c q b c b c q N

{ l { q Hc v b {pmK{

[bochdnhel kmb ahd 2 ehwvl 7:87 d„BKMH mh wb{l

zrggdnkhebcqb an{zlcngndn db nclwehvnlcn {r hwqnkldn

zwb{bcqn cbd ebwkhql abdd„RB kmb klcqbcolcl {l{qhc%

vb pbw~ mnom klckbwc -[PMK. abddh Khcanahqb Dn{q# Qhdn

nclwehvnlcn {lcl {qhqb whkkldqb arwhcqb db lzbwhvnlcn

an wbon{qwhvnlcb b clqnkh#

N ahqn {rddb [PMK klcqbcrqb nc hwqnkldn {lcl klc{rd%

qhgndn hd dnci an {bornql ncankhql6 mqqz6,,bkmh#brwlzh#

br,alkrebcq{,8:807,:a?h:%8;0%1=1k%>h7a%

gg01a;08080

Zbw locn {l{qhcvh pnbcb ncankhql6

% nd crebwl an clqnkmb b{bornql$

% db khqbolwnb obcbwhdn an hwqnkldn zbw db xrhdn dh {l%{qhcvh í {qhqh clqnkhqh$

% odn r{n nabcqnkhqn kleb zwbpn{qn ahd al{{nbw an wbon%

{qwhvnlcb abddh {l{qhcvh#

Wnklwanhel kmb$ {bklcal xrhcql an{zl{ql ahdd„hwq# ?$

kleeh 7 abd WBHKM$ odn nezlwqhqlwn l n zwlarqqlwn an

hwqnkldn zl{{lcl b{{bwb {loobqqn hdd„lggdnol an clqnkh

an rch [PMK klcqbcrqh cbddh Khcanahqb Dn{q {b pbc%

olcl {laan{hqqb bcqwhegb db klcanvnlcn an {bornql

ncankhqb6% dh [PMK abddh Khcanahqb Dn{q í klcqbcrqh cbodn hw%

qnkldn nc klckbcqwhvnlcn {rzbwnlwn hddl :$8" nc zb{l,

zb{l$

% dh [PMK abddh Khcanahqb Dn{q í klcqbcrqh cbodn hw%

qnkldn nc xrhcqnqhqnpn klezdb{{nphebcqb {rzbwnlwn ha

8 qlcc,hccl#

Dh clqnkh abddb [PMK bpbcqrhdebcqb klcqbcrqb nc hw%

qnkldn abpb b{{bwb bbqqrhqh hd eh{{nel bcqwl 0 eb{n

ahdd„nckdr{nlcb abddh {l{qhcvh cbddh Khcanahqb Dn{q#

Nc zhwqnkldhwb {n hzzdnkhcl db {borbcqn {khabcvb qbe%

zlwhdn6

% zbw db {l{qhcvb nckdr{b cbddh Khcanahqb Dn{q ZWNEH

abd 8º ankbegwb 7:8:$ db clqnkmb alpbphcl b{{b%

wb qwh{eb{{b bcqwl b clc ldqwb nd 8º onrocl 7:88

% zbw db {l{qhcvb nckdr{b cbddh Khcanahqb Dn{q ALZL

nd 8º ankbegwb 7:8:$ db clqnkmb abplcl b{{bwb qwh%

{eb{{b bcqwl b clc ldqwb 0 eb{n alzl d„nckdr{nlcb

abddh {l{qhcvh#

Dh Khcanahqb Dn{q hoonlwchqh hd 8> ankbegwb 7:88 í

klc{rdqhgndb hd {borbcqb dnci6 mqqz6,,bkmh#brwlzh#br,

bg,orb{q,khcanahqb%dn{q%qhgdb

Z r ggdNK Hq H Z w N e H d N{ q H a N

{ l { q Hc v b K lwHZ[bochdnhel kmb í {qhqh zrggdnkhqh dh zwneh dn{qh an {l%

{qhcvb -KlWHZ ‛ Kleercnq~ wlddnco hkqnlc zdhc. kmb

pbwwhccl phdrqhqb ahodn [qhqn Ebegwn cbdd„hegnql abd

zwlkb{{l an phdrqhvnlcb zwbpn{ql ahd Wbo# WBHKM# Db

{l{qhcvb abddh zwneh dn{qh KlWHZ {lcl >: b {hwhccl

phdrqhqb qwh nd 7:87$ 7:8; b 7:81#

Wnklwanhel kmb nd zwlkb{{l an phdrqhvnlcb í nd zwlkb{%

{l nc hegnql WBHKM kmb zbwebqqb nd kmnhwnebcql abn

wn{kmn kmb hdkrcb {l{qhcvb zl{{lcl klezlwqhwb# H

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zlqwbggbwl b{{bwb wnkmnb{qb hn wbon{qwhcqn abddb {l{qhc%

vb xrhdlwh {nhcl cbkb{{hwn ahqn haanvnlchdn zbw kmnhwnwb

nd wn{kmnl {l{zbqqhql#

Cbddh dn{qh KlWHZ pnbcb gwbpbebcqb ab{kwnqql zbw locn

{l{qhcvh nd dnpbddl an zwblkkrzhvnlcb ncnvnhdb#

Nc eldqn kh{n$ nd dnpbddl an zwblkkrzhvnlcb í klwwbdhql

hd zlqbcvnhdb an zbw{n{qbcvh$ gnlhkkrerdl b ql{{nknqê$

hddb zwlzwnbqê an an{qwrqqlwb bcalkwncl$ l hddh khckbwl%obcb{n$ erqhobcb{n b ql{{nknqê zbw dh wnzwlarvnlcb$ nc

klegnchvnlcb klc odn r{n an{zbw{npn b xrbddn abn klc{r%

ehqlwn# Nc obcbwhdb$ odn r{n abddb {l{qhcvb bdbckhqb cbd%

dh dn{qh KlWHZ klzwlcl znþ hwbb b clc {n lkhdnvvhcl




{r rc zhwqnkldhwb r{l ncar{qwnhdb$ zwlb{{nlchdb l ah

zhwqb abn klc{rehqlwn#

Cbddh dn{qh pnbcb ncankhql hckmb xrhdb [qhql Ebegwl

í wb{zlc{hgndb abddh phdrqhvnlcb an knh{krch {l{qhc%

vh# Cbd 7:87 {hwhccl phdrqhqb ;0 {l{qhcvb ah zhwqban 8? [qhqn Ebegwn# Db {l{qhcvb wb{qhcqn {lcl {qhqb

bdbckhqb {raanpnabcaldb qwh nd 7:8; b nd 7:81$ qrqqhpnh

kn {n h{zbqqh kmb arwhcqb db {rkkb{{npb elankmb -kmb

hpwhccl drlol klc khabcvh hccrhdb. abddh dn{qh Kl%

WHZ pbcohcl hoonrcqb crlpb {l{qhcvb#

H zhwqnwb ahddh zrggdnkhvnlcb abddh dn{qh KlWHZ$ n wn%

{zbqqnpn [qhqn Ebegwn mhccl rc hccl an qbezl zbw ph%

drqhwb db {l{qhcvb {zbknkhqb zbw nd 7:87 b$ dhaalpb

zbwqncbcqb$ zbw zwbzhwhwb rch glvvh an abkn{nlcb zbw

wnkmnbabwb hn wbon{qwhcqn an qwh{ebqqbwb rdqbwnlwn nclw%

ehvnlcn cbkb{{hwnb h kmnhwnwb nd zl{{ngndb wn{kmnl# Dh

abkn{nlcb pbwwê zwb{h ahdd„BKMH alzl dh klc{rdqhvnl%

cb klc d„Hrqlwnqê klezbqbcqb abddl [qhql Ebegwl ba

nd Klenqhql [qhqn Ebegwn$ l klc dh Kleen{{nlcb brwl%

zbh cbn kh{n nc krn clc {n wnb{kh h whoonrcobwb rc hk%

klwal nc {bcl hd Klenqhql [qhqn Ebegwn# H {bornql abd%

db abkn{nlcn zwb{b arwhcqb nd zwlkb{{l an phdrqhvnlcb$n wbon{qwhcqn abddb {l{qhcvb bdbckhqb cbddh dn{qh KlWHZ

hpwhccl dh zl{{ngndnqê an qwh{ebqqbwb n dlwl kleebcqn

zwneh kmb pbcoh halqqhqh rch abkn{nlcb chdb#

Zbw rdqbwnlwn nclwehvnlcn6 Zwneh dn{qh KlWHZ6 mqqz6,,

bkmh#brwlzh#br,alkrebcq{,8:807,8?778,kl%

whz\7:87\bc#za

Bphdrhqnlc bg zhob{6 mqqz6,,bkmh#brwlzh#br,nq,wbor%

dhqnlc{,wbhkm,bphdrhqnlc

-K.



b a n d n v n h

c b [ [ r c h phw n h %v n l c b l h aa n v n l c b hd zw l o b Q Q l hz%zwlphQl zr ÷ b [%[ b w b ncQwlalQQh a h d d

„b [ b k r Q l w b

[ b cl c í a n[zl[Qh a hd a n w b Q Q l w b a b n dhplw n b zw b p b c%Q n p he b c Q b hzz wl% phQh a hd d h [ Qh %v n l c b hzzhdQhcQ b

abd 8: ankbegwb 7:8: í {qhql zrggdnkhql nd Wbol%

dhebcql hqqrhqnpl hd Klankb Hzzhdqn an krn hd A#Do{#

80;,7::0 b {rkkb{{npb elankmb b ncqbowhvnlcn#

Nd crlpl wboldhebcql A#Z#W# c# 7:? abd 2,8:,8: í bc%

qwhql nc pnolwb bcqwl nd > onrocl 7:88#

@ncl h qhdb ahqh bwh nc pnolwb nd pbkkmnl wboldhebcql

kmb hkbph wnbwnebcql hddh Dboob Ebwdlcn knlí nd AZW

221,8>>>#Nd crlpl wboldhebcql abqqh dh an{knzdnch b{bkrqnph ba

hqqrhqnph wbdhqnph hddh ehqbwnh abn klcqwhqqn zrggdnkn an

dhplwn$ {bwpnvn b lwcnqrwb an krn hd abkwbql dbon{dhqnpl

87 hzwndb 7::0$ c# 80;$ b {rkkb{{npb elankhvnlcn$ wb%

khcqb nd —Klankb abn klcqwhqqn zrggdnkn wbdhqnpn h dhplwn$

{bwpnvn b lwcnqrwb nc hqqrhvnlcb abddb anwbqqnpb 7::1,8?,

KB b 7::1,8=,KB―#

Klc xrb{qh zrggdnkhvnlcb klcqncrnhel d„hchdn{n kle%

zdb{{nph abd wboldhebcql klc zhwqnkldhwb wnbwnebcql

hddb clweb an ehoonlw ncqbwb{{b zbw db nezwb{b#

Nc xrb{ql hwqnkldl hzzwllcanhel n qben wbdhqnpn hddb

phwnhvnlcn ba haanvnlcn hd zwlobqql hzzwlphql wboldh%

ebcqhqn ahd Khzl NN {bvnlcb NNN$ hwqnkldl 808 abd AZW

7:?,7:8:#

p H w N H v N l c N b a H a a N v N l c N H d

Z w l O b q q l H Z Z w l pHq l

Cb{{rch phwnhvnlcb l haanvnlcb hd zwlobqql hzzwlphql

zr÷ b{{bwb ncqwlalqqh ahdd„b{bkrqlwb {b clc í an{zl%

{qh ahd anwbqqlwb abn dhplwn b zwbpbcqnphebcqb hzzwl%

phqh ahddh {qhvnlcb hzzhdqhcqb cbd wn{zbqql abddb klc%anvnlcn b abn dnenqn ncankhqn ahd klankb# Nchqqn$ d„hwqnkldl

8;7 abd Klankb abn Klcqwhqqn zwbpbab kmb db phwnhcqn

nc klw{l a„lzbwh zl{{lcl b{{bwb heeb{{b$ {bcqnql nd

zwlobqqn{qh b nd anwbqqlwb abn dhplwn$ b{kdr{nphebcqb xrh%

{lH6 wNcclpl Zbw dH N#K#e#

Dh N#K#E# {wd$ whzzwb{bcqhqh ahd {no# Elwh{{n Ban klc

{bab h Hwqh nc pnh Chvnlchdb c# 0 $ mh wncclphql d„hqqb%

{qhvnlcb [LH zbw n zwl{{nen kncxrb hccn$ lqqbcbcal

db n{kwnvnlcn zbw db khqbolwnb LO; b LO0 zbw 280#12?

brwl# Zlqwê b{bornwb$ dh kl{qwrvnlcb$ dh ehcrqbcvnlcbl dh wn{qwrqqrwhvnlcb an ncqbwpbcqn h wbqb kmb {nhcl cb%

kb{{hwn zbw klc{bcqnwb dh elgndnqê {r —oleeh―$ —bw%

wl― b —hbwbh―$ xrhd{nh{n {nh nd dlwl owhal an nezlwqhcvh$

klezdbqn an locn lzbwh klccb{{h$ klezdbebcqhwb l

hkkb{{lwnh hckmb an qnzl zrcqrhdb$ abd wbdhqnpl hweh%

ebcql bwwlpnhwnl$ clckmî an qrqqn odn neznhcqn hrqleh%

qnkn$ bdbqqwlebkkhcnkn$ bdbqqwnkn$ qbdblcnkn$ bdbqqwlcnkn b

zbw dh qwhvnlcb bdbqqwnkh cbkb{{hwn h lwcnwb rc grlc

{bwpnvnl hdd„rqbcqb nc qbwencn an r{l$ nclwehvnlcb$ {n%

krwbvvh b h{{n{qbcvh# cl ha rc nezlwql eh{{nel an

08>#?1= brwl# Ncldqwb$ í hgndnqhqh ha b{bornwb hckmb

dh kl{qwrvnlcb$ dh ehcrqbcvnlcb l dh wn{qwrqqrwhvnlcb

an ncqbwpbcqn h wbqb kmb {nhcl cbkb{{hwn zbw hqqrhwb nd

—{bwpnvnl nawnkl ncqbowhql― lppbwl zbw qwh{zlwqhwb hn

zrcqn an rqndnvvhvnlcb `rnan hbwnlwen l dnxrnan cl ha rc

nezlwql eh{{nel an 08>#?1= brwl#

-K[.

w b O l d H e b c q l K l a N K b a b N

K l c q w H q q N 6 d b pH w N H c q N

[rd {rzzdbebcql lwanchwnl c# 7?: abddh ORWN c# 7==




dlwh wnklwwh rcl abn {borbcqn elqnpn6

h. zbw b{nobcvb abwnphcqn ah {lzwhppbcrqb an{zl{nvnl%

cn dbon{dhqnpb b wboldhebcqhwn9

g. zbw khr{b nezwbpn{qb b nezwbpbangndn hkkbwqhqb cbn

elan {qhgndnqn ahd wboldhebcql$ l zbw d„ncqbwpbcr%qh zl{{ngndnqê an rqndnvvhwb ehqbwnhdn$ klezlcbcqn b

qbkcldlonb clc b{n{qbcqn hd elebcql abddh zwlobq%

qhvnlcb kmb zl{{lcl abqbwenchwb$ {bcvh hrebc%

ql an kl{ql$ {nocnkhqnpn enodnlwhebcqn cbddh xrhdnqê

abdd„lzbwh l an {rb zhwqn b {bezwb kmb clc hdqbwncl

d„nezl{qhvnlcb zwlobqqrhdb9

k. zbw dh zwb{bcvh an bpbcqn ncbwbcqn hddh chqrwh b hddh

{zbknknqê abn gbcn {rn xrhdn {n ncqbwpnbcb pbwnkhqn{n

nc klw{l a„lzbwh$ l an wncpbcnebcqn nezwbpn{qn l clc

zwbpbangndn cbddh h{b zwlobqqrhdb9

a. cbn kh{n zwbpn{qn ahdd„hwqnkldl 8001$ kleeh 7$ abd

klankb knpndb kmb an{zlcb kmb {b cbd klw{l abdd„l%

zbwh {n ehcnb{qhcl ankldqê an b{bkrvnlcb ab%

wnphcqn ah khr{b obldlonkmb$ nawnkmb b {nendn$ clc

zwbpn{qb ahddb zhwqn$ kmb wbcahcl clqbpldebcqb znþ

lcbwl{h dh zwb{qhvnlcb abdd„hzzhdqhqlwb$ xrb{qn mh

anwnqql h rc bxrl klezbc{l9

b. zbw nd ehcnb{qhw{n an bwwlwn l an len{{nlcn abd zwl%

obqql b{bkrqnpl kmb zwbonrankhcl$ nc qrqql l nc zhw%

qb$ dh wbhdnvvhvnlcb abdd„lzbwh lppbwl dh {rh rqndnvvh%

vnlcb9 nc qhd kh{l nd wb{zlc{hgndb abd zwlkbanebcqlcb aê neebanhqhebcqb klercnkhvnlcb hdd„L{{bw%

phqlwnl b hd zwlobqqn{qh#

Nd ehckhql wn{zbqql abddh an{zl{nvnlcb kmb zwbpbab kmb

cb{{rch phwnhvnlcb l haanvnlcb hd zwlobqql hzzwlphql

zr÷ b{{bwb ncqwlalqqh ahdd„b{bkrqlwb$ klezlwqh$ {hdph

anpbw{h phdrqhvnlcb abd wb{zlc{hgndb abd zwlkbanebc%

ql$ dh wneb{{h nc zwn{qncl$ h khwnkl abdd„b{bkrqlwb$ abn

dhplwn b abddb lzbwb cbddh {nqrhvnlcb lwnonchwnh {bklc%

al db an{zl{nvnlcn abd anwbqqlwb abn dhplwn$ bwel kmb nc

cb{{rc kh{l bodn zr÷ phcqhwb klezbc{n$ wneglw{n l

ncabccnvvn zbw n dhplwn ebab{nen#

Xrhdlwh$ cbn kh{n {lzwhebcvnlchqn wbdhqnpn hddb dbqqbwb

ahddh h. hddh b.$ {nh cbkb{{hwnl ncqwlarwwb nc klw{l a„l%

zbwh phwnhvnlcn l haanvnlcn hd zwlobqql nc b{bkrvnlcb$

clc zwbpn{qb cbd klcqwhqql$ nd anwbqqlwb abn dhplwn zwlzl%

cb dh wbahvnlcb an rch zbwnvnh {rzzdbqnph b an phwnhcqb$

ncankhcalcb n elqnpn nc hzzl{nqh wbdhvnlcb ah ncpnhwb hd

wb{zlc{hgndb abd zwlkbanebcql#

D„b{bkrqlwb mh d„lggdnol an b{bornwb qrqqb db phwnhvnlcn

wnqbcrqb lzzlwqrcb ahddh {qhvnlcb hzzhdqhcqb b kmb nd

anwbqqlwb dhplwn odn hggnh lwanchql zrwkmî clc erqncl{l{qhcvnhdebcqb dh chqrwh abn dhplwn klezwb{n cbdd„hz%

zhdql#

Xrhdlwh d„nezlwql abddb phwnhvnlcn wnbcqwn cbd dnenqb an rc

xrncql abdd„nezlwql abdd„hzzhdql$ dh zbwnvnh an phwnhcqb

l {rzzdbqnph í hkklezhochqh ah rc hqql an {lqqlen{%

{nlcb kmb d„b{bkrqlwb í qbcrql h {lqql{kwnpbwb nc {b%

ocl an hkkbqqhvnlcb l an elqnphql an{{bc{l# Cbd kh{l$

ncpbkb$ an bkkbabcvh wn{zbqql h qhdb dnenqb$ dh zbwnvnh í

hkklezhochqh ah rc hqql hoonrcqnpl hd klcqwhqql zwnc%knzhdb$ {lqql{kwnqql ahdd„b{bkrqlwb nc {bocl an hkkbqqh%

vnlcb$ cbd xrhdb {lcl wnzlwqhqb db klcanvnlcn hddb xrhdn$

í klcanvnlchqh qhdb hkkbqqhvnlcb#

Odn lwancn an phwnhvnlcb hccl b{zwb{{l wnbwnebc%

ql hdd„ncqbwpbcrqh hzzwlphvnlcb$ {hdpl nd kh{l kmb odn

ncqbwpbcqn an{zl{qn ahd anwbqqlwb abn dhplwn zbw wn{ldpb%

wb h{zbqqn an abqqhodnl$ kmb {nhcl klcqbcrqn bcqwl rc

nezlwql clc {rzbwnlwb hd 8: zbw kbcql zbw n dhplwn an

wbkrzbwl$ wn{qwrqqrwhvnlcb$ ehcrqbcvnlcb b wb{qhrwl b

hd 2 zbw kbcql zbw qrqqn odn hdqwn dhplwn abddb khqbolwnb an

dhplwl abdd„hzzhdql b kmb clc klezlwqncl rc hrebcqlabdd„nezlwql abd klcqwhqql {qnzrdhql zbw dh wbhdnvvhvnl%

cb abdd„lzbwh# Db phwnhvnlcn {lcl phdrqhqb hn zwbvvn an

klcqwhqql$ eh {b klezlwqhcl khqbolwnb an dhplwhvnlcn

clc zwbpn{qb l {n abgghcl neznbohwb ehqbwnhdn zbw n

xrhdn clc wn{rdqh {{hql nd zwbvvl klcqwhqqrhdb {n zwlp%

pbab hddh lwehvnlcb an crlpn zwbvvn#

D„hkkbwqhebcql abddb khr{b$ abddb klcanvnlcn b abn

zwb{rzzl{qn kmb h clweh abd klankb klc{bcqlcl an

an{zlwwb phwnhcqn nc klw{l a„lzbwh í abehcahql hd wb%

{zlc{hgndb abd zwlkbanebcql$ kmb pn zwlppbab klchzzl{nqh wbdhvnlcb h {bornql an hzzwllcanqh n{qwrqqlwnh

b an elqnphql b{heb abn hqqn#

Cbd kh{l an krn hddh dbqqbwh g. {lzwhebcvnlchqh kmb

an{zlcb dh zl{{ngndnqê an phwnhcqn zbw khr{b nezwbpn{qb

b nezwbpbangndn hkkbwqhqb cbn elan {qhgndnqn ahd wboldh%

ebcql$ l zbw d„ncqbwpbcrqh zl{{ngndnqê an rqndnvvhwb eh%

qbwnhdn$ klezlcbcqn b qbkcldlonb clc b{n{qbcqn hd el%

ebcql abddh zwlobqqhvnlcb kmb zl{{lcl abqbwenchwb$

{bcvh hrebcql an kl{ql$ {nocnkhqnpn enodnlwhebcqn

cbddh xrhdnqê abdd„lzbwh l an {rb zhwqn b {bezwb kmb

clc hdqbwncl d„nezl{qhvnlcb zwlobqqrhdb $ nd wb{zlc{h%

gndb abd zwlkbanebcql$ {r zwlzl{qh abd anwbqqlwb abn dh%

plwn$ ab{kwnpb dh {nqrhvnlcb an hqql$ hkkbwqh dh {rh clc

nezrqhgndnqê hddh {qhvnlcb hzzhdqhcqb$ elqnph knwkh dh

{rh clc zwbpbangndnqê hd elebcql abddh wbahvnlcb abd

zwlobqql l abddh klc{boch abn dhplwn b zwbkn{h db whonl%

cn zbw krn {n wbcah cbkb{{hwnh dh phwnhvnlcb# Xrhdlwh

n dhplwn clc zl{{hcl b{bornw{n {bklcal db lwnonchwnb

zwbpn{nlcn an zwlobqql h khr{h an hqqn l zwlppbanebcqn

abddh zrggdnkh heencn{qwhvnlcb l an hdqwh hrqlwnqê$ nd

wb{zlc{hgndb abd zwlkbanebcql wnbwn{kb hddh {qhvnlcbhzzhdqhcqb#

Cbd kh{l zwbpn{ql an krn dbqqbwh k. {lzwhebcvnlchqh

knlí zbw dh zwb{bcvh an bpbcqn ncbwbcqn hddh chqrwh b

hddh {zbknknqê abn gbcn {rn xrhdn {n ncqbwpnbcb pbwnkhqn%




{n nc klw{l a„lzbwh$ l an wncpbcnebcqn nezwbpn{qn l clc

zwbpbangndn cbddh h{b zwlobqqrhdb9 dh ab{kwnvnlcb abd

wb{zlc{hgndb abd zwlkbanebcql mh ha loobqql dh pb%

wnkh abddb khwhqqbwn{qnkmb abdd„bpbcql nc wbdhvnlcb hddh

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abd zwlkbanebcql cb aê klercnkhvnlcb hdd„b{bkrqlwb

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qhpnh$ lpb qhdn phwnhvnlcn wn{zbqql hddb xrhcqnqê zwbpn{qb

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kmb {rzbwh qhdb dnenqb# Nc kh{l an an{{bc{l {rddh en{rwh

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-K[.

c l q b N c @ l w e H q N p b

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% Pnbcb zwlwlohql an 87 eb{n -ahd ;8 ehwvl 7:87.

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a r b K l e r c N K H q N Z b w d b {lH

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dh Kleen{{nlcb an Ohwh clc zr÷ ncqbowhwb nd {n{qbeh


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an phdrqhvnlcb abddb lbwqb$ zlnkmî clc í klc{bcqnql

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dbcvh― kmb rcobwê ah rknl an {pndrzzl kleebwknh%

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aw# Onrdnhcl Wr{{l -onrdnhcl#wr{{lJnclweb{qklc{rd%qnco#nq.#


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/apinforma-numero-06-del-2012 35/52;;


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kdr{l#

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zlcbcqb#

Nd aNwNqql HZZdNKH gNdb Hd KlcqwHqql

aN HOb cvN H cbdd„rb

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wboldb {nhcl kl{qnqrnqb ah6

% clweb abwnphcqn ahddh anwbqqnph klercnqhwnh abcn%

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b{{h abcn{kb crddn n zhqqn klcqwhwn

% klcqwhqql {lqql{kwnqql qwh zwbzlcbcqb nqhdnhcl bhobcqb {qwhcnbwl nc krn {n klcklwah kmb nd klcqwhq%

ql {nh {lqqlzl{ql hd anwnqql nqhdnhcl6 db zhwqn zl{{l%

cl abwlohwb hddb clweb abd Zhb{b abdd„hobcqb h

klcanvnlcb kmb nc qhdb Zhb{b clc pn {nhcl clweb

h qrqbdh abdd„hobcqb kmb {nhcl ahd anwnqql dlkhdb

klc{nabwhqb kleb clweb an lwancb zrggdnkl nc%

qbwchvnlchdb -{hdpl xrb{q„rdqneh nzlqb{n í arcxrb

zl{{ngndb hzzdnkhwb hd klcqwhqql nd anwnqql nqhdnhcl nc

drlol an xrbddl abd Zhb{b abdd„hobcqb.

% ehckhcvh an rc klcqwhqql l klcqwhqql kmb clc ab%

qbwench xrhdb anwnqql chvnlchdb {nh hzzdnkhgndb -{n

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anwnqql í xrbddl abd Zhb{b nc krn wn{nbab d„hobcqb.#

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ch.#

Hpp# Phwqrn Irwiafnhc

{ r O O b w N e b c q N Z w H q N K N

Z b w b p N q H w b N d w N { K m N l

a N e H c K H q l Z H O H e b c q l



Cbd klw{l abddb qwhqqhqnpb klc rc lzbwhqlwb {qwhcnbwl

í gbcb phdrqhwb {bcvh {ldrvnlcn zwbkl{qnqrnqb rc kbw%

ql crebwl an nclwehvnlcn kmb$ eb{{b nc wbdhvnlcb

qwh dlwl$ lwnwhccl odn bdbebcqn zbw {kbodnbwb nd enodnlw

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{bcqb#

Lkklwwb kbwqhebcqb honwb nc pnh zwbpbcqnph$ zlnkmî {l%

pbcqb xrhcal {n ebqqb h rlkl kmb nd zhwqcbw {n í kle%

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qhwan zbw zlwpn wnebanl# A„hdqwl khcql clc í cbzzrwb

zl{{ngndb abdbohwb h {loobqqn qbwvn dh ob{qnlcb abn zh%

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ebvvn an zhohebcql —onr{qn― nc h{{ldrql$ kleb gbc {h

kmn {n í pn{ql cbohwb dh wn{kl{{nlcb an rc kwbanql al%

krebcqhwnl kwbarql nchqqhkkhgndb# Qhdpldqh$ zln$ nd hqql

an nwwnonanw{n {r rc ebvvl an zhohebcql {nkrwl % eh

qwlzzl lcbwl{l zbw d„hdqwh zhwqb % wn{kmnh an hw zbwabwb

d„hhwb#[n qwhqqh$ hddlwh$ an phdrqhwb pldqh zbw pldqh$ cbd klw{l

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cn zwbkl{qnqrnqb$ rc kbwql crebwl an nclwehvnlcn kmb$

cbd dlwl nc{nbeb$ lwnwhccl odn bdbebcqn zbw {kbodnbwb nd

enodnlw ebvvl an zhohebcql kmb dh {nqrhvnlcb klckwb%

qh klc{bcqb#

[zb{{l ehckh hdd„lzbwhqlwb nd xrhawl hdd„ncqbwcl abd

xrhdb klddlkhwb db nclwehvnlcn onê an{zlcngndn l kmb

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odn {roob d„nezlwqhcvh an klddbohwb qwh dlwl qhdn nclw%

ehvnlcn#

Rc b{beznl zr÷ phdbwb zbw qrqqn6 whwhebcqb$ hd el%

ebcql an zhqqrnwb rc ebvvl an zhohebcql klc rc

klezwhqlwb {qwhcnbwl$ kn {n nclweh {rn kl{qn b {rn qbezn

an rc„bpbcqrhdb khr{h cbd Zhb{b an xrb{qn# Bzzrwb kn÷

{hwbggb b{qwbehebcqb rqndb$ h onrankhwb hckmb {ldl

ahdd„hgn{{l kmb$ nc qhdb khezl$ {bzhwh n Zhb{n klddlkhqn

cbd Ebanlwnbcqb wn{zbqql hodn [qhqn Rcnqn a„Hebwnkh l h

xrbddn {nqrhqn nc B{qwbel Lwnbcqb#

Db nezwb{b abplcl$ arcxrb$ zlw{n alehcab an chqrwh

dbohdb$ ldqwb kmb {khdb b ghckhwnh alpb zbw dbohdb {nncqbcab dh zwbpn{nlcb b{zwb{{h nc klcqwhqql abodn {qwr%

ebcqn an zhohebcql cbddh h{b an kl{qnqrvnlcb abd whz%

zlwql$ eh clc {ldqhcql#

Qhdn alehcab wnorhwahcl6




8# db lweb an zwbpbcvnlcb abd wn{kmnl zldnqnkl an ehc%

khql zhohebcql

7# dh pbwnkh zwbpbcqnph knwkh dh {ldpngndnqê abd zhwqcbw

;# nd klcqwhqql -dboob hzzdnkhgndb$ lwl klezbqbcqb b

b{borngndnqê abddb {bcqbcvb$ {qwrebcqn an zhohebc%ql.#

w N { K m N l Z H b { b

Zbw wn{kmnl zldnqnkl l wn{kmnl Zhb{b {„ncqbcab dh zwl%

ghgndnqê,zl{{ngndnqê abd ehckhql nckh{{l abn kwbanqn ab%

wnphcqn ah rc„lzbwhvnlcb kleebwknhdb klc d„b{qbwl h

khr{h an bpbcqn zldnqnkn$ {lknhdn$ bklclenkn$ chcvnhwn

abd Zhb{b an xrb{q„rdqnel#

Rc„nzlqb{n kmb {n í pbwnkhqh an wbkbcqb í whzzwb{bcqh%

qh ahd gdlkkl abn lcan b abn klcqn zwb{{l odn n{qnqrqn an

kwbanql dngnkn# Nc kh{n an qhd obcbwb hkkhab kmb dh ghckh

kbcqwhdb abd Zhb{b abd abgnqlwb$ hd cb an klc{bwphwb db

zwlzwnb wn{bwpb an phdrqh lwqb$ gdlkkh qrqqn n zhohebcqn

ah bbqqrhw{n hdd„b{qbwl# Dh ghckh dlkhdb % zwb{{l dh

xrhdb nd abgnqlwb mh hzbwql h cl{qwl hplwb rc kwbanql

alkrebcqhwnl l an{zl{ql rc glcnkl ghckhwnl % clc

zr÷ kmb b{bornwb d„lwancb abddh zwlzwnh ghckh kbcqwhdb

b {l{zbcabwb kl{ä$ h qbezl ncabcnql$ nd zhohebcql

cbn cl{qwn klcwlcqn#

Í bpnabcqb kmb qhdn wn{kmn {lcl qhcql znþ hdqn xrhcql

znþ nd Zhb{b abd abgnqlwb {n qwlph nc klcanvnlcn bkl%clenkmb ankndn l nc rch {nqrhvnlcb zldnqnkh nc{qhgndb#

Zlnkmî$ qrqqhpnh$ n clpb abknen abd elcal {lcl cbdd„r%

ch$ cbdd„hdqwh l nc bcqwhegb db klcanvnlcn knqhqb$ eldqn

Zhb{n abdd„Rcnlcb brwlzbh mhccl zwban{zl{ql {zbknhdn

lweb an h{{nkrwhvnlcb nc hplwb abn zwlzwn b{zlwqhqlwn$

{lddbphcaldn nc qrqql l nc zhwqb ahd wn{kmnl zldnqnkl an

ehckhql zhohebcql# D„h{{nkrwhvnlcb klcqwl nd wn{kmnl

Zhb{b í nd zwncknzhdb {qwrebcql an zwbpbcvnlcb abd wn%

{kmnl zldnqnkl#

N c @ l w e H v N l c N { r d Z H w q c b w

Nd wn{kmnl an ehckhql nckh{{l abd kwbanql zr÷ anzbcab%

wb$ hdqwb{ä$ ahddh {khw{h {ldpngndnqê abd zhwqcbw {qwhcnbwl

l ahddh {rh ehdh bab l$ hcklwh$ ahddh {rh dnqnonl{nqê#

Rc zwnel {qwrebcql zbw zwbpbcnwb nd wn{kmnl kleebw%

knhdb klc{n{qb cbd whkklodnbwb rch {rknbcqb xrhcqnqê

an nclwehvnlcn {rd zhwqcbw b{qbwl6 klcanvnlcn an dnxrn%

anqê$ gbcn an krn í zwlzwnbqhwnl$ hgnqrancn nc hqql an zh%

ohebcqn$ bpbcqrhdn khr{b$ {bxrb{qwn l zwlqb{qn nc klw{l

cbn {rln klcwlcqn#

Qhdn nclwehvnlcn zl{{lcl b{{bwb wbzbwnqb zwb{{l phwnblcqn$ klc anpbw{l owhal an zwbkn{nlcb b an hqqbcangndnqê

-{zb{{l kleen{rwhql hd dlwl kl{ql.6

% dh wnkbwkh$ znþ bklclenkh eh hqqrhdebcqb ebcl

hahgndb$ pnh ncqbwcbq6 eldqb n{qnqrvnlcn kleebw%

knhdn -khebwb an kleebwknl$ n{qnqrqn zbw nd kleebwknl

b{qbwl$ encn{qbwn abd kleebwknl b{qbwl bqk#. neebq%

qlcl nc wbqb$ qhdpldqh zbw dngbwh klc{rdqhvnlcb$ bdbc%

kmn hchdlomn hd wbon{qwl abddb nezwb{b9 zbw qhdrcn [qhqn

í zl{{ngndb wnkhphwb klc {bezdnknqê b h kl{ql crddlnclwehvnlcn knwkh d„b{n{qbcvh abddh klcqwlzhwqb

% dh wnkbwkh$ znþ hqqbcangndb hckmb {b clc klezdbqh$

hqqwhpbw{l {lknbqê kmb lwlcl qhdn {bwpnvn h zhoh%

ebcql qwhenqb dh wbqb

% dh wnkbwkh$ {bzzrwb znþ an{zbcanl{h$ an nclwehvnl%

cn hqqwhpbw{l db ghckmb abd zhwqcbw l$ qwhenqb rc

hobcqb$ n lwcnqlwn l hcklwh$ dhaalpb b{n{qh$ dh Kh%

ebwh an kleebwknl dlkhdb

% dh wnkbwkh$ hcklw znþ {ldnah b hqqbcangndb ebanhcqb

rch {lknbqê {zbknhdnvvhqh {nqh cbd Zhb{b abddh klc%

qwlzhwqb#

Nd dnpbddl an hzzwllcanebcql b$ arcxrb$ n kl{qn ah h%

wlcqhwb anzbcabwhccl$ lppnhebcqb$ ahdd„nezlwqhcvh

abdd„hhwb b ahddh ehoonlwb l enclwb {nkrwbvvh abd

ebvvl an zhohebcql kmb d„hdqwl klcqwhbcqb kn zwlzl%

cb#

Rc rdqbwnlwb elal ncanwbqql$ eh eldql bkhkb$ zbw lq%

qbcbwb nclwehvnlcn hqqbcangndn klc{n{qb cbd zwlzlwwb h

rch klezhocnh an h{{nkrwhvnlcn$ zwnphqh l zrggdnkh$

nqhdnhch l {qwhcnbwh$ an klzwnwb nd wn{kmnl kleebwknhdb

wbdhqnpl hd kdnbcqb b{qbwl# Lkklwwb$ xrncan$ {kbodnbwbklc krwh b hahw{n ha rc„h{{nkrwhvnlcb kmb klzwh

d„ncqbwl zlwqhlodnl kdnbcqn b kmb zwbpbah klc kmnhwbvvh

cbdd„loobqql abddh zldnvvh db klcanvnlcn zbw dh klzbwqr%

wh abd kwbanql#

K l c q w H q q l 6 d b O O b H Z Z d N K H g N d b

b @ l w l K l e Z b q b c q b

Nd klcqwhqql kleebwknhdb whwhebcqb pnbcb rqndnvvhql

kleb {qwrebcql an zwbpbcvnlcb# Ph$ pnkbpbw{h$ zrc%

qrhdnvvhql kmb rc hkklwal {kwnqql qwh db zhwqn % {n qwhq%

qn abd klcqwhqql zwncknzhdb -an pbcanqh$ an dnkbcvh$ an

hzzhdql b kl{ä pnh. l an rc klcqwhqql hkkb{{lwnl -ha

b{beznl$ an qwh{zlwql. % í b{{bcvnhdb zbw6

% phdrqhwb dh grlch bab abddh klcqwlzhwqb

% wbcabwb nezl{{ngndn klcqb{qhvnlcn zwbqb{qrl{b ab%

cbcal klc kmnhwbvvh kn÷ kmb alpwê b{{bwb hqql l

qwh{bwnql

% abknabwb nc hcqnknzl ahphcqn h xrhdb onrankb l hwgn%

qwl alpwê b{{bwb bpbcqrhdebcqb zlwqhqh dh dnqb

% {qhgndnwb kleb db zhwqn zlqwhccl whoonrcobwb rch

{ldrvnlcb henkmbpldb {bcvh wnklwwbwb hd onrankb#Dh {kbdqh abd ebvvl an zhohebcql qbwwê arcxrb klcql

abd Zhb{b abddh klcqwlzhwqb$ abddb klcanvnlcn bklcl%

enkmb an xrb{q„rdqneh b abddh {ldrvnlcb klcqwhqqrhdb

kmb {hwbel wnr{knqn h cbolvnhwb#


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Hd cb an bpnqhwb —{znhkbpldn {lwzwb{b―$ í lzzlwqrcl

{qhgndnwb zwbpbcqnphebcqb dh dboob hzzdnkhgndb hd klc%

qwhqql$ chdnvvhqh h anwnebwb db bpbcqrhdn klcqwlpbw{nb#

Nc hegnql klercnqhwnl dh dboob hzzdnkhgndb í an{kn%

zdnchqh ahd Wboldhebcql -KB. 2>;,7::= -kl{naabqqlWleh N.$ kmb dh{knh hddb zhwqn dh dngbwqê an {qhgndnwb dh

dboob ah hzzdnkhwb hd klcqwhqql#

Nc ehckhcvh an {kbdqh bbqqrhqh ahddb zhwqn$ qhdb Wbol%

dhebcql zwbpbab rch {bwnb an kwnqbwn {zbknkn h {bklc%

ah abdd„loobqql cbd klcqwhqql6 í {qhgndnql$ zbw b{beznl$

kmb nd klcqwhqql an pbcanqh an gbcn í an{knzdnchql ahddh

dboob abd zhb{b cbd xrhdb nd pbcanqlwb mh dh wb{nabcvh#

Lkklwwb hckmb klcl{kbwb db zwlkbarwb dbohdn kmb n

anpbw{n Zhb{n lwlcl nc kh{l an ehckhql zhohebcql

ah zhwqb abd abgnqlwb -nc zhwqnkldhwb xrhcal pbcolcl

zhqqrnqn xrhdn ebvvn an zhohebcql rch khegnhdb l rc

h{{bocl6 d„bkhknh dbohdb dlwl klcbwnqh cbd Zhb{b an

kmn dn bebqqb zr÷ b{{bwb whankhdebcqb anpbw{h ah xrbd%

dh dlwl hqqwngrnqh nc Nqhdnh.#

Dh xrb{qnlcb abddh dboob hzzdnkhgndb b abd lwl kle%

zbqbcqb {lcl an{qncqb -ha b{beznl$ rc onrankb qbab%

{kl zlqwbggb qwlphw{n kl{qwbqql ha hzzdnkhwb dh dboob

nqhdnhch$ l pnkbpbw{h.# Cbdd„ncanpnarhvnlcb abd onrankb

klezbqbcqb lkklwwb hchdnvvhwb arb anpbw{b {qwhqbonb

h {bklcah kmb nd kwbanql ah wbkrzbwhwb {nh hdd„ncqbwcl

abdd„Rcnlcb Brwlzbh l hd an rlwn#

Hegnql klercnqhwnl

Cbdd„hegnql RB db {bcqbcvb lqqbcrqb nc rcl xrhd{nh{n

abn Zhb{n habwbcqn zl{{lcl b{{bwb hqqb b{bornwb cbodn

hdqwn klc kl{qn b qbezn{qnkmb znþ hplwbpldn$ zbwebq%

qbcal an hoowbanwb n gbcn abd abgnqlwb klc ehoonlwb

qbezb{qnpnqê b$ zbw klc{borbcvh$ klc ehoonlwb zl{%

{ngndnqê an {rkkb{{l#

Dh ehqbwnh abd onrankb klezbqbcqb í {qhqh loobqql

an an{knzdnch wboldhebcqhwb klc nd Wboldhebcql -KB.

11,7:88 kmb klc{bcqb an lqqbcbwb nc qbezn whznan dh

ankmnhwhvnlcb an b{bkrqnpnqê# Qhdb clwehqnph zwbpbab

kmb$ nc ehqbwnh klcqwhqqrhdb$ dh zbw{lch alenkndnhqh cbd

qbwwnqlwnl an rcl [qhql ebegwl zr÷ b{{bwb klcpbcrqh

ahphcqn hd onrankb abd drlol nc krn d„lggdnohvnlcb ab%

alqqh nc onranvnl í {qhqh l abpb b{{bwb b{bornqh#

Zbw drlol an b{bkrvnlcb abddb lggdnohvnlcn abpb ncqbc%

abw{n6

% cbd kh{l abddh klezwhpbcanqh an gbcn$ nd drlol nc krn

n gbcn {lcl {qhqn l hpwbggbwl alprql b{{bwb klc{b%

ochqn nc gh{b hd klcqwhqql% cbd kh{l abddh zwb{qhvnlcb an {bwpnvn$ nd drlol nc krn

n {bwpnvn {lcl {qhqn l hpwbggbwl alprql b{{bwb zwb%

{qhqn nc gh{b hd klcqwhqql#

Xrn gbc {n zr÷ klezwbcabwb d„nezlwqhcvh abn qbwencn

an wb{h -Ncklqbwe{£. abddh Khebwh an Kleebwknl Nc%

qbwchvnlchdb zhqqrnqn hn cn abdd„ncanpnarhvnlcb abd onr%

ankb klezbqbcqb h anwnebwb db bpbcqrhdn klcqwlpbw{nb#

Hddh drkb an xrhcql abqql$ nc Brwlzh ‛ nc ehqbwnh an

klezwhpbcanqh b nc ehckhcvh an zhqqrnvnlcn b{zwb{{bqwh db zhwqn % dh dboob í {qhgndnqh ahd drlol nc krn mh dh

wb{nabcvh abd pbcanqlwb ebcqwb nd onrankb klezbqbcqb

ahd drlol nc krn í hppbcrqh dh klc{boch#

[b clc {n zwb{qh hqqbcvnlcb$ kn {n zlqwbggb qwlphwb nc

rch {nqrhvnlcb nc krn nd onrankb hzzhwqnbcb h rc abqbw%

enchql Zhb{b b dh dboob ha rc hdqwl$ nd kmb clc {be%

zdnkh hhqql nd xrhawl onrwnankl b zwhqnkl abd wbkrzbwl

kwbanqn# Í klc{nodnhgndb$ arcxrb$ zwbpbcnwb h elcqb qhdn

{nqrhvnlcn ebanhcqb dh zwbpn{nlcb b{zdnknqh nc klcqwhqql

an bcqwhegn odn h{zbqqn#

Phccl ebcvnlchqn hckmb qwb rdqbwnlwn Wboldhebcqn br%wlzbn kmb mhccl dl {klzl an hplwnwb dh whznanqê abd

wbkrzbwl kwbanqn6

% Wboldhebcql -KB. =:2,7::1 n{qnqrqnpl abd qnqldl

b{bkrqnpl brwlzbl6 db abkn{nlcn onranvnhwnb b odn hqqn

ha b{{b bxrnzhwhqb -qwhc{hvnlcn onranvnhwnb b hqqn

zrggdnkn. {lcl ankmnhwhqb anwbqqhebcqb b{bkrqnpb

{bcvh cbkb{{nqê an zwlkbarwb ncqbwebanb an wnklcl%

{knebcql

% Wboldhebcql -KB. 8=>0,7::0 n{qnqrqnpl abd abkwbql

nconrcqnpl brwlzbl6 zwbpbab kmb dh klcqwlzhwqb {nabggh lzzlwwb bcqwl qwbcqh onlwcn ahddh clqnkh abd

zwlppbanebcql a„nconrcvnlcb# Ahd zrcql an pn{qh

zwhqnkl$ qrqqhpnh$ hggnhel wn{klcqwhql clc zlkmb

ankldqê nc {bab an klcpbw{nlcb hd wnql lwanchwnl$

zlnkmî n onrankn mhccl halqqhql anbwbcqn elahdnqê

{lddbphcal zwlgdben an chqrwh zwlkb{{rhdb b wbc%

abcal {zb{{l dh zwlkbarwh hwwhoncl{h

% Wboldhebcql -KB. =08,7::? zwlkbanebcql zbw

db klcqwlpbw{nb an elab{qh bcqnqê -ncbwnlwn h Brwl

7#:::.6 clc wnkmnbab cbzzrwb d„ncqbwpbcql an rc db%

ohdb b klc{n{qb cbddh zwb{bcqhvnlcb an rc elardl

klcqbcbcqb rch ab{kwnvnlcb {leehwnh abddh klc%

qwlpbw{nh#

Qbwwnqlwnl b}qwh%brwlzbl

[b % nc dncbh obcbwhdb % db zwlkbarwb an wbkrzbwl kwbanqn

cbdd„hegnql RB zl{{lcl {lwqnwb bbqqn whznan ba b%

khkn$ clc dl {qb{{l {n zr÷ hbwehwb zbw nd qbwwnqlwnl

b}qwh%brwlzbl# Nc eldqn kh{n$ odn lwanchebcqn brwlzbn

clc mhccl halqqhql zwlkbarwb an wnklcl{knebcql an

zwlppbanebcqn {qwhcnbwn klc dh klc{borbcvh kmb$ alzlhpbw {bornql an{zbcanl{n b drcomn owhan an onranvnl {n

wn{kmnh an lqqbcbwb rch {bcqbcvh h{{ldrqhebcqb zwnph

an bkhknh cbd zhb{b cbd xrhdb alpwbeel hcahwb ha

b{bornwdh#


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Nc xrb{qn kh{n$ dh {kbdqh abd onrankb nqhdnhcl {n wnpbdh

clc {ldqhcql klcqwlzwlarkbcqb b hcqnbklclenkh$ eh

an l{qhkldl hd wbkrzbwl kwbanql# A„hdqwl khcql zr÷ wn%

{rdqhwb nc{nanl{l hahwb ncqbwhebcqb dh {ldrvnlcb abd%

dh klcqwlpbw{nh h rch zwlkbarwh b h rc onrankb {qwh%cnbwl$ {qhcqb dh cbkb{{nqê an b{{bwb anb{n ah rc dbohdb

nc dlkl$ klc dh klc{borbcvh kmb nc qhdn kh{n í grlch

zwh{{n zwbpbabwb hcqnknzhqhebcqb rch kdhr{ldh hwgn%

qwhdb krn hahwb dh wn{ldrvnlcb abddh klcqwlpbw{nh#

Hpp# Anbol Klegh b Hpp# Elcnkh Wl{hcl

wbqqN@NKH abdd„NcqwH{qHq

{bwpNvN6 Nd elabddl xrNcxrNb{



Ahd zwnel obcchnl 7:8: n {loobqqn zh{{npn nqhdnhcn {lcl

qbcrqn h wnbzndlohwb cbn elabddn Ncqwh{qhq db zwb{qhvnl%

cn an {bwpnvnl bbqqrhqb b,l wnkbprqb cbd whzzlwql klc

{loobqqn klercnqhwn qnqldhwn an zhwqnqb Nph#

H {bornql abddh klcr{nlcb kmb {n í kwbhqh zbw dh qhwan%ph zrggdnkhvnlcb abddb n{qwrvnlcn cbkb{{hwnb hddh kle%

zndhvnlcb abn elabddn$ í eldql zwlghgndb kmb crebwl{n

lzbwhqlwn {n pbahcl lwh kl{qwbqqn$ hckmb owhvnb hn kmnh%

wnebcqn zrggdnkhqn klc dh knwkldhwb ;0,B abdd„Hobcvnh

abddb Bcqwhqb abd 78 onrocl 7:8:$ h alpbw hzzlwqhwb

wbqqnkmb hn elabddn ncqwh{qhq# Hd cb an hzzlwqhwb db

cbkb{{hwnb wbqqnkmb odn lzbwhqlwn alpwhccl rqndnvvh%

wb d„hzzl{nql elabddl xrncxrnb{ kmb$ kleb í clql$

zwb{bcqh rch ebqlaldlonh an klezndhvnlcb zwllc%

ahebcqb anbwbcqb wn{zbqql hdd„hchdlol elabddl —qbw―

qwhanvnlchdebcqb neznbohql zbw hzzlwqhwb db wbqqnkmb

cbddh {bvnlcb ebwkn abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb ncqwh{qhq#

e H c K H c v H a b d d H K l d l c c H { b O c l

Nd elabddl —qbw― mh {qlwnkhebcqb hgnqrhql odn lzbwhql%

wn ha hzzlwqhwb db wbqqnkmb cbddh {bvnlcb wnbzndlohqn%

ph abddb ebwkn zbw ebvvl abddh kldlcch —{bocl― kmb

zbwebqqbph an bbqqrhwb phwnhvnlcn nc {bc{l zl{nqnpl

klc d„ncankhvnlcb abd {bocl —)― b phwnhvnlcn cbohqnpb

hkbcal wnklw{l hd {bocl —%—# Nc {l{qhcvh$ klezndhc%

al rch wnoh abddh {bvnlcb —qbw― {n zlqbphcl$ b abd wb%{ql {n zl{{lcl hcklwh bbqqrhwb lwh -dh ebqlaldlonh

abddh {bvnlcb ebwkn clc í h{{ldrqhebcqb khegnhqh.$

phwnhvnlcn hddb wnomb abddh {bvnlcb wnbzndlohqnph abddb

kb{{nlcn b,l hkxrn{qn bbqqrhqn# Nd elabddl xrncxrnb{

-wbqqnkmb {rddb zwb{qhvnlcn an {bwpnvn. h anbwbcvh abd

—qbw― clc klcqbezdh dh kldlcch abd —{bocl― nc xrhc%

ql db wbqqnkmb kmb {n plwwhccl hzzlwqhwb hddh {bvnlcb

—xrhqbw― -wnbzndlol abddb zwb{qhvnlcn an {bwpnvnl. pbwwhc%

cl bbqqrhqb ebanhcqb dh klezndhvnlcb an rch wnoh abdxrncxrnb{ kmb {n {lpwh{kwnpbwê hddh wnoh abd xrhqbw nc

xrb{qnlcb#

xr Hd N aHqN { N Zl { { l K l wwb O O b wb

K lc N d x r Nc x r Nb {<Nd elabddl xrncxrnb{ mh d„nccbohgndb zwbonl an lwnwb

hodn lzbwhqlwn dh zl{{ngndnqê an klwwboobwb xrhdrcxrb

ahql bpbcqrhdebcqb bwwhql nc {bab an klezndhvnlcb abd

xrhqbw nc xrhcql qrqqb db kldlccb abd elabddl xrnc%

xrnb{ ahddh kldlcch 0 nc zln {lcl klercn h xrbddh abd

xrhqbw# Db zwneb 2 kldlccb abd elabddl xrncxrnb{ {bw%

plcl {ldl zbw ncanpnarhwb klc kbwqbvvh nd elabddl b dh

wnoh abddh {bvnlcb xrhqbw kmb {n ncqbcab wbqqnkhwb#

[n wheebcqh kmb nd elabddl qbw abddb ebwkn clc zwb%

{bcqh dl {qb{{l zwbonl abd xrncxrnb{ zlnkmî clc zbw%

ebqqb dh klwwbvnlcb an hdkrcn ahqn zwlzwn abddh {bvnlcb

gn{ xrhdn ha b{beznl —rcnqê {rzzdbebcqhwb$ Zhb{b an

ab{qnchvnlcb$ Zhb{b an lwnoncb$ Zwlpncknh an lwnoncb―#

% Dh zwneh kldlcch abd elabddl xrncxrnb{ wnkmnbab

d„nc{bwnebcql abd crebwl abddh kldlcch abd xrnc%

xrnb{ kmb {n {qh klezndhcal#% Kldlcch 7 —{bvnlcb alohchdb― abpb b{{bwb wnzlwqh%

ql nd klankb crebwnkl kmb nabcqnkh d„rknl abdd„H%

obcvnh abddb Alohch zwb{{l nd xrhdb í {qhql zwb%

{bcqhql nd elabddl xrhqbw kmb {n ncqbcab elankhwb

-b{beznl :7=8:: Zhweh.# [nkkleb n elabddn {n zwb%

{bcqhcl b{kdr{nphebcqb nc lwehql qbdbehqnkl {n

alpwê hwb wnbwnebcql hd klankb abddh alohch kle%

zbqbcqb zbw qbwwnqlwnl nc gh{b hdd„rgnkhvnlcb abdd„h%

vnbcah kmb zwb{bcqh dh ankmnhwhvnlcb Ncqwh{qhq#

% Kldlcch ; —hccl― wnkmnbab d„ncankhvnlcb abdd„hccl

nc krn {n í zwb{bcqhql nd elabddl xrhqbw kmb {n ncqbc%

ab wbqqnkhwb#

% Kldlcch 1 —zwlqlklddl ankmnhwhvnlcb― í cbkb{{hwnl

ncankhwb nd crebwl an zwlqlklddl kmb í {qhql h{{b%

ochql hd elabddl xrhqbw h {rl qbezl zwb{bcqhql

kmb {n ncqbcab wbqqnkhwb# Í arcxrb cbkb{{hwnl

wbzbwnwb nd klankb hdhcrebwnkl kmb d„hobcvnh abd%

db alohcb mh wndh{knhql alzl d„hppbcrqh klc{boch

abdd„lwnonchwnh ankmnhwhvnlcb ncqwh{qhq -ahql wbzb%

wngndb cbddh {bvnlcb —zwbdnbpl wn{zl{qb― alzl hpbw

bbqqrhql dh qwh{en{{nlcb qbdbehqnkh abdd„ncqwh.#% Kldlcch 2 zwlowb{{npl {bvnlcb ; abpb b{{bwb ncan%

khqh dh wnoh abd elabddl xrhqbw kmb {n ncqbcab wbqqn%

khwb#

% Qrqqb db kldlccb ah 0 h 82 abd elabddl xrncxrnb{


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{lcl klercn hd elabddl xrhqbw b clc wnkmnbalcl

d„ncankhvnlcb an ahqn zhwqnkldhwn#

N c a N K H v N l c N l Z b w H q N p b

Hd cb an wbqqnkhwb rcl l znþ kldlccb an rch wnoh abdelabddl xrhqbw h {rl qbezl zwb{bcqhql {n wbcab zbw%

qhcql cbkb{{hwnl klezndhwb rch wnoh abd xrncxrnb{

klcqbcbcqb nd cbkb{{hwnl klddbohebcql hd xrhqbw -kle%

zndhvnlcb abddb kldlccb ah 8 h 2. b wnzwlzlwwb h dnpbddl

an xrncxrnb{ dh wnoh abd xrhqbw kleb hpwbggb alprql

b{{bwb {qhqh {kwnqqh h {rl qbezl# N ahqn lwnonchwnhebcqb

nc{bwnqn h dnpbddl an xrhqbw hcawhccl zbwqhcql wnzwlzl{qn

qhdn b xrhdn -nchdqbwhqn. ebcqwb {n alpwê zwlkbabwb klc

d„ncankhvnlcb abd ahql phwnhql nc {l{qnqrvnlcb an xrbddl,

xrbddn h {rl qbezl ncankhql,n nc elal bwwhql# Kleb onê

abqql owhvnb hdd„bbqql {lpwh{kwnqqrwh dh wnoh zwlzl{qh h

dnpbddl an xrncxrnb{ {n {l{qnqrnwê hddh wnoh h {rl qbezl

ncankhqh nc elal bwwhql cbd xrhqbw# Cbd kh{l nc krn {n

wbcah cbkb{{hwnl khckbddhwb rch wnoh ncqbwh bwwlcbh%

ebcqb nc{bwnqh nc rc zwbkbabcqb xrhqbw {n alpwê zwl%

kbabwb klezndhcal rch wnoh an xrncxrnb{ klcqbcbcqb nd

cbkb{{hwnl klddbohebcql hd elabddl xrhqbw nc xrb{qnl%

cb dh{knhcal zbw÷ —nc gnhckl― db kldlccb ah 0 h 82# Nc

xrb{ql elal dh wnoh —gnhckh― {n {lpwh{kwnpbwê hddh wnoh

abd xrhqbw kmb {n ncqbcabph bdnenchwb ohwhcqbcal dh

khckbddhvnlcb abd ahql# Zbw nc{bwnwb rch wnoh bwwlcbh%ebcqb clc ankmnhwhqh h {rl qbezl clc í zl{{ngndb hwb

wnbwnebcql hd elabddl xrncxrnb{ nc xrhcql$ kleb onê

bpnabcvnhql$ qhdb {qhezhql wnkmnbab cbkb{{hwnhebc%

qb nd klddbohebcql ha rch zwbkbabcqb wnoh abd xrhqbw

kmb cbd cl{qwl kh{l clc b{n{qb -wnoh ehn ankmnhwhqh.#

Nc qhdb nzlqb{n d„nc{bwnebcql h zl{qbwnlwn an rch wnoh an

rc {bwpnvnl clc ankmnhwhqh zlqwê b{{bwb bbqqrhqh {ldl

klezndhcal rc crlpl elabddl xrhqbw wnzlwqhcqb xrhdb

zbwnlal an zwb{bcqhvnlcb clc xrbddl an bbqqnph kle%

zndhvnlcb$ eh xrbddl an klezbqbcvh abddh zwb{qhvnlcb#

B{beznl zbw rc {loobqql klc khabcvh ebc{ndb

Zwb{qhvnlcb an {bwpnvnl an klezbqbcvh ankbegwb 7:88

clc ankmnhwhqh# Nd {loobqql zh{{npl {n wbcab klcql

abdd„bwwlwb cbddh ankmnhwhvnlcb an bggwhnl 7:87 -kmb

ncqbcab zwb{bcqhwb nd 72 ehwvl 7:87.# Zbw klwwboobwb

qhdb ehckhcvh {n alpwê klezndhwb rc elabddl Ncqwh 8

xrhqbw nc bggwhnl -ncpnhcaldl bcqwl nd 72 ehwvl.$ an%

{onrcql ahddb lzbwhvnlcn an klezbqbcvh bggwhnl$ wn%

zlwqhcqb nc hdql d„ncankhvnlcb abd eb{b an klezbqbcvh

ankbegwb 7:88 xrhdb eb{b an wnbzndlol#

wNdbpHvNlcb abddb clqb aN pHwNHvNlcb

Dh wndbphvnlcb abddb clqb an phwnhvnlcb -clqb kwbanql b

clqb abgnql. cbdd„hegnql abn {bwpnvn$ nc rc elebcql

{rkkb{{npl wn{zbqql hddh wbon{qwhvnlcb abdd„lzbwhvnl%

cb zwncknzhdb$ klezlwqh d„lggdnol zbw d„lzbwhqlwb an

klezndhwb rch wnoh abd elabddl xrncxrnb{ klcqbcbcqb$

ldqwb hd cbkb{{hwnl klddbohebcql klc nd elabddl xrh%

qbw nc krn í klcqbcrqh d„lzbwhvnlcb an wnbwnebcql abddhclqh an phwnhvnlcb$ dh {leeh hdobgwnkh qwh d„heelcqh%

wb abd {bwpnvnl h {rl qbezl hqqrwhql b dh wbdhqnph clqh

an phwnhvnlcb#

B{beznl zbw rc {loobqql ebc{ndb

Hzwndb 7:88 klc{rdbcvh hqqrwhqh zbw Brwl 8:#::: b wb%

oldhwebcqb ankmnhwhqh nc ncqwh {bwpnvn# Cbd onrocl 7:88

hkklwan {rkkb{{npn ncqbwpbcrqn hccl bebqqbwb clqh

kwbanql zbw Brwl 7#:::# Bcqwl nd 72#:?#88 d„lzbwhqlwb

alpwê klezndhwb rch wnoh abd elabddl xrncxrnb{ ncan%

khcal6

% n cbkb{{hwn klddbohebcqn hd xrhqbw -kldlccb ah 8 h 2.

% rc nezlwql an Brwl =#:::

% xrhdb crebwl b ahqh hqqrwh clc xrbddn abddh clqh

an phwnhvnlcb$ eh xrbddn abddh hqqrwh an klc{rdbcvh

beb{{h ha hzwndb#

Zbw bbqql abd zwncknznl abddh {lpwh{kwnqqrwh nd elabddl

xrncxrnb{ {l{qnqrnwê dh wnoh ankmnhwhqh h xrbddh h {rl

qbezl ncankhqh cbd xrhqbw dh{knhcal —nc b{{bwb― nd ahql

an rch klc{rdbcvh an klezdb{{npn Brwl =#::: -8:#:::%

7#:::. hqqrwhqn klc n ahqn abdd„lwnonchwnh hqqrwh#Bpbcqrhdn clqb an phwnhvnlcb —h {qlwcl qlqhdb―$ ncqbw%

pbcrqb nc rc elebcql {rkkb{{npl wn{zbqql hdd„lzbwh%

vnlcb zwncknzhdb$ klezlwqbwhccl dh klezndhvnlcb abddb

zwneb kldlccb abd elabddl xrncxrnb{$ cbkb{{hwnb zbw

lqqbcbwb nd klddbohebcql klc d„lzbwhvnlcb zwncknzhdb

ankmnhwhqh h dnpbddl an xrhqbw$ {bornqb ahddb wb{qhcqn kl%

dlccb —nc gnhckl― -{bcvh nc{bwnebcql an hdkrc ahql.6

qhdb klezndhvnlcb owhvnb hdd„bbqql {lpwh{kwnqqrwh

klezlwqbwê dh khckbddhvnlcb abdd„lwnonchwnh lzbwhvnlcb

-kleb cbd kh{l an khckbddhvnlcb abddh wnoh.#

[nelcb Abd Cbpl % B{zbwql an Wboldb b zwlgdbehqnkmb

alohchdn b Ehab nc

d H q r w K m N H w b K b Z N { K b

d H K l c p b c v N l c b a N

p N b c c H { r d d H p b c a N qH

N c q b w c H v N l c H d b a N e b w K N



Dh Qrwkmnh mh whqnkhql dh Klcpbcvnlcb an Pnbcch abd


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8>=: {rddh pbcanqh ncqbwchvnlchdb an ebwkn# Ahd 8º hol%

{ql 7:88 dh Klcpbcvnlcb í zhwqb abd klwzl an dboon

chvnlchdn an xrb{ql zhb{b#

Nd zwlkb{{l an hab{nlcb í {qhql znrqql{ql whznal nc wb%hdqê$ hckmb {b ncarggnhebcqb qhwanpl nc wbdhvnlcb hddh

ahqh an hppnl abddh Klcpbcvnlcb -nd 8>=:.#

Dh Qrwkmnh hpbph hkkldql dh Klcpbcvnlcb nc ahqh ?

hzwndb 7:8: klc zwlppbanebcql 7:8:,71? b hpbph {lq%

qlzl{ql hddb Chvnlcn Rcnqb dh wnkmnb{qh an hwcb zhwqb nc

ahqh ? drodnl 7:8:#

Ahd 8º hol{ql 7:88 dh Klcpbcvnlcb í anpbcrqh dboob

abddl [qhql qrwkl h qrqqn odn bbqqn anpbcbcal kl{ä dh

Qrwkmnh nd {bqqhcqh{bqqb{nel zhb{b {lqql{kwnqqlwb#

Kleb clql$ dh Klcpbcvnlcb ncqwlarkb rch {bwnb an

clweb an anwnqql rcnlweb kmb {n hzzdnkhcl hn klcqwhqqn

an pbcanqh an ebwkn {qnzrdhqn qwh {loobqqn hzzhwqbcbcqn

hodn {qhqn habwbcqn b kmb$ {hdpl bkkbvnlcn$ zwbphdolcl

{rddb clweb chvnlchdn#

Ncrqndb anwb kmb$ dh zhwqbknzhvnlcb abddh Qrwkmnh hddh

Klcpbcvnlcb kl{qnqrn{kb rc ncarggnl zh{{l hphcqn

cbddh anwbvnlcb abddh kbwqbvvh abd anwnqql cbn klcqwhqqn an

klezwhpbcanqh qwh lzbwhqlwn abn arb zhb{n#

Kl{ä$ h qnqldl b{bezdnkhqnpl$ {b rch {lknbqê nqhdnhch

pbcab rc ehkkmnchwnl ncar{qwnhdb -dh chqrwh abddh ebw%

kb zr÷ b{{bwb anpbw{h % {hdpl db bkkbvnlcn zwbpn{qb %eh nd zwncknznl wb{qh dl {qb{{l . h rch {lknbqê qrwkh

{n hzzdnkmbwhccl db clweb abddh Klcpbvnlcb b clc db

clweb chvnlchdn {rddh pbcanqh -qrwkmb l nqhdnhcb.#

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pbcanqh eh$ cbddh hqqn{zbknb$ db wn{zbqqnpb dboon chvnl%

chdn an wbkbznebcql abddh klcpbvnlcb zwbphdolcl {rddb

zwneb kmb ncpbkb klcqncrbwhccl ha hzzdnkhw{n hn klc%

qwhqqn an pbcanqh {qnzrdhqn qwh lzbwhqlwn dlkhdn# Nc hdqwn qbw%

encn$ cbn kh{n nc krn rch abddb zhwqn clc {nh abddh {qb{{h

chvnlchdnqê qwlpbwê hzzdnkhvnlcb dh Klcpbcvnlcb$ zl%

{ql kmb$ bcqwhegn n zhb{n mhccl zwlppbarql ha ncqwl%

arwdh cbd zwlzwnl lwanchebcql kleb dboob —{zbknhdb―

-zlnkmî wbkbzn{kb rc hkklal ncqbwchvnlchdb. b xrncan

zwbphdbcqb {rddb dboon chvnlchdn#

Cbddh ab{kwnqqh {nqrhvnlcb$ hckmb cbd kh{l nc krn db zhwqn

clc hggnhcl {qnzrdhql klcqwhqql hdkrcl -kleb {zb{{l

hkkhab. qwlpbwê hzzdnkhvnlcb an zbw {î dh Klcpbcvnl%

cb# Clcanebcl$ d„h{{bcvh abd klcqwhqql b d„hzzdnkhvnl%

cb —hrqlehqnkh― abddh Klcpbcvnlcb clc {bezwb onlph

hdd„lzbwhqlwb nqhdnhcl#

@ H K l dq ê a b d K l e Z w H q l w b a N

K l c q b { q H w b d H e b w K b

Cbd kh{l an klcqb{qhvnlcb an anbqqn abddh ebwkb$ dh

Klcpbcvnlcb -hwq# ;>. an{zlcb kmb nd klezwhqlwb abg%

gh lwerdhwb dh klcqb{qhvnlcb hd pbcanqlwb bcqwl rc

—qbwencb whonlcbpldb― {bcvh rdqbwnlwn zwbkn{hvnlcn$ {hd%

pl nd qbwencb rdqnel an arb hccn#

Ncrqndb anwb kmb dh —whonlcbpldbvvh― abd qbwencb zlqwbg%

gb klcarwwb h wnqbcbwb phdnah ba bkhkb rch alodnhc%vh lwerdhqh ahd klezwhqlwb hckmb alzl$ ha b{be%

znl$ 0 eb{n ahddh klc{boch abddh ebwkb ah zhwqb abd

pbcanqlwb$ kleb í {qhql onê {qhgndnql nc phwnb {bcqbcvb#

Dh kh{n{qnkh nc{boch kmb znþ {n zwlqwhb cbd qbezl dh

hkldqê abd klezwhqlwb an klcqb{qhwb dh ebwkb wnkbprqh

b ehoonlwb í dh zwlghgndnqê kmb b{{h {nh rqndnvvhqh klc

d„lggnbqqnpl zwbqb{qrl{l an {lqqwhw{n hd zhohebcql abd

zwbvvl b,l an ncqwlarwwb lgnbvnlcn an chqrwh {qwrebc%

qhdb#

Ncpbwl$ nd klezwhqlwb abpb zlqbw{n h{{rebwb d„lcbwb

an hkkbwqhwb$ bcqwl rc qbwencb gwbpb b abqbwenchql$ dh

klclwenqê abddh ebwkb hd zwlzwnl lwancb#

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kb$ rc qbwencb gwbpb b {zbknkl6 lqql onlwcn ahddh klc%

{boch -cbd kh{l an pnvn,anbqqn hzzhwbcqn .# Zbwqhcql$ nd

pbcanqlwb zlqwbggb qwhwwb bpnabcqb phcqhoonl ahdd„hz%

zdnkhvnlcb an qhdb clweh#

Kl{h lkklwwb hwb h qhd cb<

[n zlqwbggb {qnzrdhwb rc klcqwhqql an pbcanqh b,l zwb%

an{zlwwb db klcanvnlcn obcbwhdn an pbcanqh zwb{qhcal

hqqbcvnlcb kmb {nhcl zwbphdbcqn wn{zbqql h xrbddb -{b pn{lcl. abd klezwhqlwb b npn nc{bwnwb dh kdhr{ldh an wnkmnh%

el abddh dboob nqhdnhch {rddh pbcanqh klc b{kdr{nlcb

b{zwb{{h abddh klcpbcvnlcb$ xrhcqlebcl cbddh zhwqb

nc krn an{zlcb nc ebwnql h xrb{ql h{zbqql#

Clc ph anebcqnkhql$ nchqqn$ kmb db zhwqn zl{{lcl$ an

klercb hkklwal$ b{kdrabwb dh Klcpbcvnlcb kleb

dboob wboldhqwnkb abd klcqwhqql$ nc qrqql l nc zhwqb# Cr%

ebwl{n zl{{lcl b{{bwb qhdn b{bezn$ lpb d„rch l d„hdqwh

dboob hzzhwb znþ klchkbcqb ha rch abddb zhwqn#

K l c K d r { N l c N

Í {bezwb grlch clweh —ebqqbwb ehcl― hd zwlzwnl

klcqwhqql {bcvh hwb hahebcql {bezdnkbebcqb {rddh

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qbwchvnlchdb klc d„bbqql kmb eldqb clweb npn qwh{r{b

{lcl dh klc{borbcvh an klezwleb{{n qwh n anpbw{n [qh%

qn$ nc eldqn kh{n hqnkl{hebcqb whoonrcqn#

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kmb {lcl$ nc locn kh{l$ an zwnehwnh nezlwqhcvh kleb$

ha b{beznl6

% dh phdnanqê abd klcqwhqql% dh dbonqqnenqê abd qnqldl an zwlzwnbqê abddh ebwkb

% dh arwhqh abddl {qb{{l#

Ph ah {î kmb$ d„ncowb{{l abddh Qrwkmnh cbd {n{qbeh clw%

ehqnpl abddh Klcpbcvnlcb$ clc mh ncqhkkhql nd zwnc%




knznl lcahebcqhdb abdd„hrqlclenh abddb zhwqn cbddh

abqbwenchvnlcb abddb wboldb kmb b{{b ncqbcalcl ncpl%

khwb zbw olpbwchwb nd zwlzwnl gr{ncb{{#

Hd klcqwhwnl$ qhdb zwncknznl cb wn{rdqh whlwvhql$ {rd zwb%

{rzzl{ql abddh abwlohgndnqê abddh Klcpbcvnlcb b$ zbw%

qhcql$ abddh hkldqê abddb zhwqn an {kbodnbwb rch dboob

anpbw{h b,l$ nccb$ an {qhgndnwb dngbwhdebcqb cbd klcqwhq%

ql db kdhr{ldb ah b{{b wnqbcbqb znþ haborhqb#

Hpp# Ehrwnvnl Ohwabchd % B{zbwql an Klcqwhqqrhdn{qnkhNcqbwchvnlchdb



lwohcnvvhvnlcb

h g l d n Q h d h d n %

k b c v h a n z r g g d n k h

[ n k r w b v v h z b w o d n

[ z b a n v n l c n b w n k l c

x r h d k m b a r g g n l

n c Q b w z w b Q h Q n p l

{ K H e g N @ w H { l K N

a N { Z l c N g N d N q ê a N Z H w K m b O O N Hd N O c H c l { H g g N H a l w l

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ncqbwpbcql bandnvnl h Dnochcl [hggnhalwl# Cbddh vlch

abd drcol dhorch Qwbcql$ nc zwl{{nenqê abddh zncbqh$ pn%kncl hd kbcqwl$ í {qhql wbhdnvvhql rc owhcab zhwkmboonl

klc 0:: zl{qn hrql$ nc zhwqb ncqbwwhqn l h knbdl hzbwql#

D„nezlwqhcqb ncqbwpbcql {hwê an{zlcngndb h onrocl an

xrb{q„hccl$ zwlzwnl nc klcklenqhcvh abdd„ncnvnl abddh

{qhonlcb qrwn{qnkh#

Xrb{qh ncwh{qwrqqrwh {hwê lcahebcqhdb zbw wn{ldpb%

wb rcl abn zwlgdben kmb h`noolcl ehoonlwebcqb dh

dlkhdnqê ghdcbhwb arwhcqb n eb{n b{qnpn$ kmb í xrbddh an

qwlphwb rc zhwkmboonl# Hckmb d„Heencn{qwhvnlcb Kl%

erchdb an Dnochcl [hggnhalwl mh ahql nd {rl h{{bc%

{l owhvnb ha rch klcpbcvnlcb kmb ohwhcqn{kb d„rqndnvvlan rch zhwqb abn zhwkmboon ha r{l zrggdnkl#

Dh {qwrqqrwh hwkmnqbqqlcnkh abd zhwkmboonl í {qhqh zwl%

obqqhqh nc elal ah b{{bwb zwhqnkh b rcvnlchdb$ {hwê

an{zl{qh {r arb znhcn$ an krn rcl ncqbwwhql$ alpb {h%

whccl klddlkhqn gl} b zl{qn hrql nc pbcanqh l hqql#

Zbw dh {nkrwbvvh abodn rqndnvvhqlwn {hwhccl nc{qhddh%

qb abddb qbdbkhebwb b nd zhwinco pbwwê {lwpbodnhql ah

zbw{lchdb {zbknkhebcqb haab{qwhql# Zbw lqqnenvvhwb

db {zb{b rc neznhcql lqlpldqhnkl ohwhcqnwê d„bcbwonh

bdbqqwnkh# Clcl{qhcqb dh pnknchcvh hd kbcqwl an Dnochcl[hggnhalwl$ {hwê zwban{zl{ql rc klddbohebcql klc

dh dlkhdnqê hqqwhpbw{l rc {n{qbeh an qwh{zlwql {zbknkl#

[lcl hckmb hddl {qranl abddb klcpbcvnlcn zbw hggnchwb

hd zhwkmboonl hdkrcn {bwpnvn$ kleb xrbddn {znhoonh$ lz%

zrwb abddb qhwnb klcpbcvnlchqb zbw hdqwn gbcbq#

Ah {bqqbegwb an xrb{q„hccl d„nezwb{h mh hckmb nc

zwlobqql dh kl{qwrvnlcb an rc wb{nabckb ah 0: hddloon

wbhdnvvhqh nc rc klcqb{ql neebw{l cbd pbwab# Nd kle%

zdb{{l wb{nabcvnhdb {hwê wbhdnvvhql nc elal ah nc{bwnw{n

zbwbqqhebcqb cbd klcqb{ql chqrwhdn{qnkl$ hpwê rch pb%

arqh anwbqqh {rd ehwb$ dhql dhorch$ b {hwê klezl{ql ah

hzzhwqhebcqn$ rcnqê gnhendnhwn b rcnhendnhwn#Db hvnbcab ncqbwb{{hqb ha rdqbwnlwn nclwehvnlcn zl{{l%

cl klcqhqqhwb d„rknl bandnvnh b qbwwnqlwnl abdd„H{{lknh%

vnlcb an Rancb#

-K[.

dbOOb {rddb dNgbwHdNvvHvNlcN9wNbZNdlOl abddb aN{Zl{NvNlcN

Zbw d„ HrqlqwH{Zlwql

Klc dboob 71 ehwvl 7:87$ c# 7? -an {bornql dboob.$

zrggdnkhqh {rddh O#R# c# ?8 abd 71 ehwvl 7:87$ í {qh%

ql klcpbwqnql nd abkwbql dboob 71 obcchnl 7:87$ c# 8

-an {bornql abkwbql. kl{naabqql abddb dngbwhdnvvhvnlcn#

D„hwolebcql í onê {qhql hwlcqhql nc pnh obcbwhdb {r

Hznclweh c# ;,7:87$ zz# =%88 b an krn an {bornql {n h

rc wnbzndlol abddb {ldb an{zl{nvnlcn {zbknkhqhebcqb

wnorhwahcqn nd qwh{zlwql {r {qwhah#

qwNeb{qwHdNvvHvNlcb ab d wbKrZbwl

abddb HKKN{b {rd OH{ldNl

Dh dboob mh klcbwehql d„hobpldhvnlcb nc ehqbwnh an

wbkrzbwl abddb hkkn{b {rd oh{ldnl$ onê zwbpn{qh ahddh




pbw{nlcb lwnonchwnh abd abkwbql6 {n qwhqqh abd wbkrzbwl

qwneb{qwhdb -hcvnkmî hccrhdb$ kle„í {qhql c„lwh. zbw nd

oh{ldnl klc{rehql$ cbd qwneb{qwb an wnbwnebcql -h zhw%

qnwb ahd 7:87.$ {rn pbnkldn an eh{{h klezdb{{nph clc

ncbwnlwb hddb ?$2 q$ {nh an nezwb{b nc klcql qbwvn$ {nha„nezwb{b nc klcql zwlzwnl# Dh an{zl{nvnlcb í klcqb%

crqh hdd„hwq# 08 abd abkwbql b$ {rddh {qb{{h$ d„Hobcvnh

abddb alohcb mh onê behchql rch zwneh clqh b{zdnkh%

qnph -zwlq# 77?20 abd 71 bggwhnl 7:87.$ an krn {n wnbzn%

dlohcl an {bornql n zh{{hoon lcahebcqhdn6

% dh wnkmnb{qh abd gbcbknl wnorhwah n klc{ren bbq%

qrhqn nc knh{krc qwneb{qwb abdd„hccl {ldhwb -obcchnl

‛ ehwvl9 hzwndb ‛ onrocl9 drodnl ‛ {bqqbegwb9 lqql%

gwb ‛ ankbegwb.9

% dh alehcah abpb b{{bwb zwb{bcqhqh$ h zbch an ab%

khabcvh$ bcqwl dh cb abd eb{b {rkkb{{npl hd qwn%

eb{qwb an wnbwnebcql9 xrncan$ zbw xrhcql klckbwcb

nd qwneb{qwb obcchnl ‛ ehwvl 7:87$ nd wbkrzbwl abddb

hkkn{b ph kmnb{ql bcqwl b clc ldqwb nd ;: hzwndb 7:87$

zbch d„nezl{{ngndnqê an lqqbcbwb d„hobpldhvnlcb zbw

xrbd qwneb{qwb#

% n kmndlebqwn zbwklw{n ah ncankhwb cbd elabddl zbw

knh{krcl abn pbnkldn zbw n xrhdn {n kmnbab dh en{rwh$

{lcl xrbddn wbon{qwhqn ahd klcqhkmndlebqwn hddh cb

abd qwneb{qwb9

% nd kwbanql a„nezl{qh zr÷ b{{bwb klezbc{hql bcqwlnd ;8 ankbegwb abdd„hccl {ldhwb {rkkb{{npl h xrhc%

al í {lwql9 nc zwhqnkh$ d„nezwb{h mh h an{zl{nvnlcb

rc hccl an qbezl nc znþ zbw bbqqrhwb dh klezbc%

{hvnlcb9 haanwnqqrwh$ zbw nd kwbanql abdd„rdqnel qwn%

eb{qwb abdd„hccl lqqlgwb ‛ ankbegwb 7:87$ qbcrql

klcql kmb {lwob rch pldqh qwh{klw{n 0: onlwcn ahddh

zwb{bcqhvnlcb abddh alehcah -l ahdd„ncpnl abn kmnh%

wnebcqn wnkmnb{qn ahdd„Hobcvnh abddb alohcb$ {bcvh

kmb xrb{qh hggnh bkkbznql hdkrckmî.$ d„rqndnvvl nc

klezbc{hvnlcb {hwê zl{{ngndb bcqwl nd ;8 ankbegwb

7:81$ ebcqwb nd wneglw{l abdd„bkkbabcvh clc rqndnv%

vhqh í klc{bcqnql bcqwl nd ;: onrocl 7:82#

% nd kwbanql a„nezl{qh nc xrb{qnlcb í {lqqwhqql hd dnenqb

hccrhdb an klezbc{hvnlcb an 72:#::: ₤$ zwbpn{ql

nc pnh obcbwhdb ahdd„hwq#8$ kleeh 2; abddh dboob 71

ankbegwb 7::?$ c# 711 zbw qrqqn n kwbanqn a„nezl{qh

ah ncankhwb cbd xrhawl WR abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb abn

wbaanqn#

% dh en{rwh anpbcqh {qwrqqrwhdb$ zbw krn a„lwh nc zln

clc kn {hwê znþ gn{locl an rch clweh kmb dh zwbpb%

ah b{zwb{{hebcqb locnxrhdpldqh kn {hwhccl crlpnhrebcqn abddb hkkn{b#

Xrb{qb zwneb n{qwrvnlcn abdd„Hobcvnh clc hoonrcolcl

cnbcq„hdqwl cî h zwlzl{nql abddh en{rwh abd gbcbknl ‛

kmb$ klercxrb$ {hwê nabcqnkh h xrbddh hzzdnkhqh cbd

zbwnlal ahd ? hd ;8 ankbegwb 7:88 -8=$>>=0:> kbcqb%

{nen Brwl,dnqwl.$ qbcrql klcql kmb cbd whqqbezl d„hk%

kn{h clc í hrebcqhqh %$ cî {rd elabddl an alehcah

ah neznbohwb# Hzzhwb xrncan zwlghgndb kmb h gwbpb kn

{hwê rc„rdqbwnlwb clqh abdd„Hobcvnh$ zbw krn kn {n wn{bwphan qlwchwb bpbcqrhdebcqb {rd zrcql#

N c q b w Z l w q N [bezwb h zwlzl{nql abdd„hrqlqwh{zlwql$ {bochdnhel

kmb nc {bab an klcpbw{nlcb abd abkwbql í {qhql nc{bwn%

ql rc crlpl hwqnkldl -08 gn{ . kmb wnzwn{qnch dh alqhvnl%

cb abd lcal zwbpn{ql ahdd„hwq# 7$ kl# 711 abddh dboob

711,7::? -k#a# wbqb neehqbwnhdb abodn ncqbwzlwqn. $ cbddh

en{rwh an 8 endnlcb an Brwl zbw nd qwnbccnl 7:87,7:81$

klc {zbknkh ab{qnchvnlcb hd enodnlwhebcql abddb klc%

anvnlcn lzbwhqnpb abdd„hrqlqwh{zlwql b hdd„nc{bwnebcql

abn zlwqn cbddh {zbwnebcqhvnlcb abddh znhqqhlweh zbw

dh ob{qnlcb abddh wbqb dlon{qnkh chvnlchdb cbdd„hegnql

abd zwlobqql —Rnwcbq― abd Encn{qbwl abddb ncwh{qwrqqrwb

b abn qwh{zlwqn#

H { { N K r w H v N l c N

Anpbw{b b {nocnkhqnpb en{rwb wnorhwahcl nd whel abddb

h{{nkrwhvnlcn$ kleb hzzwb{{l zwbkn{hql#

8# Klcqwh{ql abddh klcqwhhvnlcb abn klcqwh{{bocn-hwq# ;8.#

Nd klcqwh{{bocl h{{nkrwhqnpl pbwwê {l{qnqrnql klc {n%

{qben bdbqqwlcnkn l qbdbehqnkn klcqwlddhgndn hckmb h an%

{qhcvh$ hqqwhpbw{l n klercn hzzhwbkkmn an wndbphvnlcb

hrqlehqnkh abddb ncwhvnlcn hd klankb abddh {qwhah# Db

elahdnqê klc krn kn÷ hppbwwê {hwhccl abkn{b klc hz%

zl{nql wboldhebcql abd Encn{qwl abddl [pndrzzl bkl%

clenkl b abn qwh{zlwqn$ ah behchw{n bcqwl dh cb abd

{bqqbegwb 7:87$ zbw hcahwb zln h wboneb$ hd znþ qhw%

an$ bcqwl arb hccn ahdd„bcqwhqh nc pnolwb an abqql wb%

oldhebcql# Ncldqwb$ nd Encn{qbwl abn qwh{zlwqn lwebwê

zbwnlankhebcqb rc bdbckl abn pbnkldn h elqlwn zwnpn an

klzbwqrwh h{{nkrwhqnph$ klercnkhcal hn wn{zbqqnpn zwl%

zwnbqhwn d„nc{bwnebcql nc xrb{ql bdbckl b db klc{borbc%

vb zwbpn{qb h dlwl khwnkl# Cbddh klcpbw{nlcb abd abkwbql

nc dboob í zwbpn{ql kmb nd zwlzwnbqhwnl nc{bwnql cbd {lzwh

knqhql bdbckl hpwê 82 onlwcn zbw wboldhwnvvhwb dh {rh

zl{nvnlcb$ alzlankmî dh dn{qh an kldlwl kmb clc mhc%

cl wboldhwnvvhql dh zwlzwnh zl{nvnlcb {hwê qwh{eb{{h

hddb lwvb an zldnvnh b hddb zwbbqqrwb klezbqbcqn zbw odn

habeznebcqn abd kh{l# Dh wnkbprqh an zhohebcql$ nclocn kh{l$ zwbphdb {rd klcqwh{{bocl hcklwh ehckhcqb

l {rdd„nc{bwnebcql cbddh dn{qh abn pbnkldn clc h{{nkrwhqn$

cbd {bc{l kmb dh {rh b{ngnvnlcb klc{bcqnwê an bpnqhwb

locn {hcvnlcb#




7# [khqldh cbwh$ hqqb{qhql an wn{kmnl b dh dnxrnahvnlcb

abn ahccn -hwq#;7.

Nc wnbwnebcql hn ebkkhcn{en bdbqqwlcnkn an wbon{qwhvnl%

cb abdd„hqqnpnqê abd pbnkldl -{khqldh cbwh ba bxrnphdbcqn.

l h rdqbwnlwn an{zl{nqnpn ah ncanpnarhw{n klc abkwbql nc%qbwencn{qbwnhdb$ pnbcb zwbkn{hql kmb n kl{qn an nc{qhddh%

vnlcb$ an{nc{qhddhvnlcb$ {l{qnqrvnlcb$ rcvnlchebcql b

zlwqhgndnqê {hwhccl h khwnkl abddb klezhocnb h{{nkr%

whqwnkn$ db xrhdn$ nc zwb{bcvh an qhdn hzzhwbkkmnhqrwb$ al%

pwhccl zwhqnkhwb rch wnarvnlcb {nocnkhqnph abddb qhwn%

b# Nc wnbwnebcql hdd„hqqb{qhql an wn{kmnl$ {n zwbpbab kmb

dl {qb{{l abggh b{{bwb klc{bochql b{kdr{nphebcqb

zbw pnh qbdbehqnkh# Zbw db kdh{{n an eh{{nel {klcql$ í

{qhql {qhgndnql kmb h zhwnqê an klcanvnlcn {loobqqnpb ba

loobqqnpb$ knh{krch abddb klezhocnb an h{{nkrwhvnlcb

abggh zwhqnkhwb nabcqnkmb lbwqb hodn h{{nkrwhqn#

;# Zwben h{{nkrwhqnpn -hwq# ;1 gn{.

Nc whzzlwql hddh kdh{{b an ebwnql an hzzhwqbcbcvh abddb

zldnvvb db klezhocnb an h{{nkrwhvnlcb abplcl hzzdnkhwb

nc pnh hrqlehqnkh dh phwnhvnlcb nc anencrvnlcb abn zwben

h{{nkrwhqnpn - glcr{,ehdr{ .$ zbch rch {hcvnlcb heencn%

{qwhqnph h dlwl khwnkl phwnhgndb ah 8#::: h 2:#::: B#

1# Wn{hwknebcql ahccn -hwq# ;1 qbw.

Db klezhocnb an h{{nkrwhvnlcb {lcl qbcrqb h klc%kbabwb nd wn{hwknebcql abd ahccl abwnphcqb ah rwql l

nckbcanl abd ebvvl$ {hdpl n kh{n an zwlkbanebcqn onr%

anvnhwn wbdhqnpn hd wbhql an whraldbcql ahccboonhebcql

an gbcn h{{nkrwhqn -hwq# 017 abd klankb zbchdb.$ ncanzbc%

abcqbebcqb ahddh wnkmnb{qh abd wndh{knl abd kbwqnkhql

an kmnr{h nckmnb{qh#

Zbw hdqwb nclwehvnlcn b hoonlwchebcqn db nezwb{b zl{%

{lcl wnpldobw{n hdd„rknl qwh{zlwqn l {khdb abdd„H{{l%

knhvnlcb#

-HaQ.

Ne Z w b { b a N { Z b a N v N l c b 9 H g l d N v N l c b a b d d H d N K b c v H

a N Z r g g d N K H { N K r w b v v H

Nd abkwbql dboob > bggwhnl 7:87$ c# 2$ zrggdnkhql {rd

[rzzdbebcql lwanchwnl abddh O#R# c# ;; an zhwn ahqh$ mhelankhql hdd„hwq# 8; d„hwq# 882 abd qb{ql rcnkl abddb dbo%

on an zrggdnkh {nkrwbvvh$ hgldbcal dh dnkbcvh an zrggdn%

kh {nkrwbvvh zbw db nezwb{b an {zbanvnlcb b {l{qnqrbc%

aldh klc rch {bezdnkb klercnkhvnlcb hddh xrb{qrwh

klezbqbcqb zbw qbwwnqlwnl# Clc í kmnhwl$ zbw÷$ {b dh {l%

{qnqrvnlcb abddh dnkbcvh an zrggdnkh {nkrwbvvh klc rch

ebwh klercnkhvnlcb hkknh pbcnw ebcl nd klcqwlddl an

lwancb zrggdnkl {rddb nezwb{b an {zbanvnlcb b{bwknqhql

ahn Klercn b {b {n abgghcl klc{nabwhwb hgldnqn hckmbodn habeznebcqn klc{borbcqn$ xrhdn dh qbcrqh abd wbon%

{qwl abodn hhwn# [n wnqlwcbwê {rdd„hwolebcql nc {bab an

klcpbw{nlcb abd abkwbql nc loobqql nc dboob b an kmnh%

wnebcqn kmb ncqbwpbwwhccl hn cn abddh {rh hzzdnkhvnlcb#

-HaQ.

Hr q l q w H { Z l w q l e b w K N 9w b K r Z b w l a b d K l c q w N g r q l

{{ c { r N Z w b e N wK H r q l

Kleb zbw nd zh{{hql$ db nezwb{b an hrqlqwh{zlwql nc

klcql qbwvn b nc klcql zwlzwnl zl{{lcl wbkrzbwhwb nd

klcqwngrql hd [bwpnvnl {hcnqhwnl chvnlchdb wnklezwb{l

cbn zwben an Wb{zlc{hgndnqê knpndb hrql b pbw{hql cbd

7:88 wbdhqnphebcqb hn pbnkldn an eh{{h klezdb{{nph

zhwn l {rzbwnlwb h 88$2 q$ an khqbolwnh bkldlonkh ah

Brwl 7 nc {r bcqwl nd dnenqb an ;:: Brwl zbw pbnkldl#

Db {leeb {zbqqhcqn zl{{lcl b{{bwb klezbc{hqb klcpbw{hebcqn bbqqrhqn klc nd elabddl @ 71 b klankb qwn%

grql 0?>;#

-HaQ.

K H c l c b a N d l K H v N l c b

N e e l g N d N r w g H c N # N c a N K b

N { q H q e b { N a N O b c c H N l

b @ b g g w H N l 7 : 8 7

Odn ncankn abn zwbvvn hd klc{rel zbw db henodnb an lzb%

whn b neznbohqn wbdhqnpn hn {ncoldn eb{n abd 7:88 b 7:87

b db dlwl phwnhvnlcn wn{zbqql hodn ncankn wbdhqnpn hd klwwn%

{zlcabcqb eb{b abdd„hccl zwbkbabcqb b an arb hccn

zwbkbabcqn wn{rdqhcl6

HCCN B EB[N

NCANKN

-GH[B 7:8:5 8::.

PHWNHVNLCN ZBWKBCQRHDN

WN[ZBQQL

HD KLWWN[ZLCABCQB

ZBWNLAL

ABDD„HCCL

ZWBKBABCQB

AN ARB HCCN

ZWBKBABCQN

7:88 Obcchnl 8:8$7 7$7 ;$2

@bggwhnl 8:8$2 7$; ;$0




HCCN B EB[NNCANKN

-GH[B 7:8:

5 8::.

PHWNHVNLCN ZBWKBCQRHDN

WN[ZBQQL

HD KLWWN[ZLCABCQB

ZBWNLAL

ABDD„HCCL

ZWBKBABCQB

AN ARB HCCN

ZWBKBABCQN

Ehwvl 8:8$> 7$2 1$:

Hzwndb 8:7$1 7$0 1$;

Ehoonl 8:7$2 7$0 1$7

Onrocl 8:7$0 7$? 1$8

Drodnl 8:7$> 7$? 1$1

Hol{ql 8:;$7 7$= 1$;

[bqqbegwb 8:;$7 ;$: 1$0

Lqqlgwb 8:;$0 ;$7 2$:

Clpbegwb 8:;$? ;$7 2$:

Ankbegwb 8:1$: ;$7 2$8

Ebanh 8:7$?

7:87 Obcchnl 8:1$1 ;$7 2$1

@bggwhnl 8:1$= ;$; 2$0

Odn ncankn {lcl {qhqn zrggdnkhqn wn{zbqqnphebcqb cbddh

Ohvvbqqh Rknhdb c# 2: abd 7> bggwhnl b c# ?8 abd 71

ehwvl 7:87#

-K.

K H d b c a H w N l a b d d b

{ K H a b c v b H v N b c a H d N a b d

e b { b a N H Z w N d b 7 : 8 7

a l e b c N K H 82@HQQRWHVNLCB AN@@BWNQH % [khab nd qbwencb zbw d„b%

en{{nlcb abddb hqqrwb wnbwnqb h kb{{nlcn an gbcn klc%

{bochqn l {zbanqn$ zwbpnh ben{{nlcb an rc alkrebcql

an qwh{zlwql$ cbd eb{b an ehwvl# Db {qb{{b hqqrwb ab%

plcl b{{bwb wbon{qwhqb bcqwl nd qbwencb an ben{{nlcb

b klc wnbwnebcql hd eb{b an klc{boch l {zbanvnlcb#

d r c b a ä 80NPH % DNXRNAHVNLCB EBC[NDB % [khab nd qbwencb zbw

nd pbw{hebcql abdd„Nph wbdhqnph hd eb{b an ehwvl#

N pbw{hebcqn zl{{lcl b{{bwb bbqqrhqn rqndnvvhcal nd

elabddl @71#

NWZB@ % [khab nd qbwencb zbw nd pbw{hebcql abddb wnqb%

crqb lzbwhqb cbd eb{b zwbkbabcqb {r6% wbaanqn an dhplwl hrqlclel9

% wbaanqn abwnphcqn ahdd„rqndnvvhvnlcb an ehwkmn ba lzb%

wb abdd„ncobocl b klcqwhqqn an h{{lknhvnlcb nc zhwqb%

knzhvnlcb9

% lggdnohvnlcn b qnqldn {nendhwn9

% anpnabcan klwwn{zl{qn cbd qwneb{qwb zwbkbabcqb9

% wbaanqn an khznqhdb anpbw{n ah anpnabcan b ncqbwb{{n$

zwben l hdqwn wrqqn an lggdnohvnlcn b qnqldn {nendhwn9

% zwlppnonlcn9% wbaanqn an dhplwl anzbcabcqb ba h{{nendhqn#

N pbw{hebcqn zl{{lcl b{{bwb bbqqrhqn rqndnvvhcal nd

elabddl @71#

NCZ[ % KLCQWNGRQL OB[QNLCB [BZHWHQH % [khab

nd qbwencb zbw nd pbw{hebcql abd klcqwngrql NCZ[ hddh

ob{qnlcb {bzhwhqh nc gh{b hddb {borbcqn hdnxrlqb6

% 7?$?7" zbw n {loobqqn kmb clc wn{rdqhcl n{kwnqqn ha

hdqwb lweb zwbpnabcvnhdn lggdnohqlwnb9

% 8?" zbw n {loobqqn qnqldhwn an zbc{nlcb anwbqqh$ zbw

n {loobqqn onê n{kwnqqn ha hdqwl lcal lggdnohqlwnl l

dhplwhqlwb qnqldhwb an zbc{nlcb ncanwbqqh l an wbpbw{n%

gndnqê#

Nd klcqwngrql kl{ä khdkldhql í zl{ql6

% zbw rc qbwvl h khwnkl abn zbwkbqqlwn abn klezbc{n9

% zbw arb qbwvn h khwnkl abd {loobqql kmb bwloh n

klezbc{n#

N pbw{hebcqn phccl bbqqrhqn rqndnvvhcal nd elabddl

@71#

ANKMNHWHVNLCB A„NCQBCQL ‛ [khab nd qbwencb zbw dhqwh{en{{nlcb abn ahqn wbdhqnpn hddb ankmnhwhvnlcn a„ncqbc%

ql wnkbprqb cbd eb{b zwbkbabcqb#

NPH HCCRHDB ‛ [khab nd qbwencb zbw nd pbw{hebcql

abddh {bklcah whqh abdd„Nph hccrhdb wbdhqnph hd 7:88

klc dh ehoonlwhvnlcb abddl :$;;" ebc{ndb h abklw%

wbwb ahd 80 ehwvl 7:87 rqndnvvhcal nd klankb qwngrql

0:>>#

DNGWL RCNKL ‛ {khab nd qbwencb zbw db wbon{qwhvnlcn

wbdhqnpb hd eb{b zwbkbabcqb#

HAANVNLCHDB WBONLCHDB B KLERCHDB [R KLC%

ORHODNL AN @NCB WHZZLWQL % [khab nd qbwencb zbw

nd pbw{hebcql abdd„haanvnlchdb wbonlchdb b abdd„bpbc%

qrhdb haanvnlchdb klerchdb$ ah qwhqqbcbwb hdd„hqql abd

klcorhodnl an cb whzzlwql bbqqrhql b dnxrnahql cbd

eb{b zwbkbabcqb# Nd klankb qwngrql zbw nd pbw{hebcql í

nd ;=:7 zbw d„haanvnlchdb wbonlchdb b nd ;=1= zbw d„haan%

vnlchdb klerchdb nd krn hccl an wnbwnebcql í nd 7:87# N

pbw{hebcqn zl{{lcl b{{bwb bbqqrhqn zwb{{l odn {zlw%qbddn an xrhd{nh{n klckb{{nlchwnl l ghckh klcpbcvnlch%

qh$ clckmî zwb{{l odn rkn zl{qhdn hgndnqhqn$ rqndnvvhc%

al$ nc qrqqn n kh{n$ nd elabddl rcnkl an zhohebcql {kl,

ncz{,wbonlcn -Ela# @71.#




HAANVNLCHDB WBONLCHDB B KLERCHDB 7:88

% [khab nd qbwencb zbw pbw{hwb db whqb an haanvnlchdb

wbonlchdb b haanvnlchdb klerchdb qwhqqbcrqb {rddb wb%

qwngrvnlcn bwlohqb cbd eb{b zwbkbabcqb# Qhdb pbw{h%

ebcql í ah bbqqrhw{n nc{nbeb hddb wnqbcrqb NWZB@# Ndklankb qwngrql í nd ;=:7 zbw d„haanvnlchdb wbonlchdb b nd

;=1= zbw d„haanvnlchdb klerchdb9 d„hccl an wnbwnebcql

í nd 7:88#

HKKLCQL HAANVNLCHDB KLERCHDB 7:87 % [khab

nd qbwencb zbw pbw{hwb dh whqh an hkklcql abdd„haanvnlch%

db klerchdb qwhqqbcrqb hn anzbcabcqn {rddb wbqwngrvnlcn

bwlohqb cbd eb{b zwbkbabcqb# Qhdb pbw{hebcql í ah

bbqqrhw{n nc{nbeb hddb wnqbcrqb NWZB@# Nd klankb qwngrql

í nd ;=1?# D„hccl an wnbwnebcql í nd 7:87#

KLCQWNGRQN NCZ[ DHPLWHQLWN ANZBCABCQN

[khab nd qbwencb zbw nd pbw{hebcql hdd„Ncz{$ qwhenqb

ela# @71$ abn klcqwngrqn wbdhqnpn hn dhplwhqlwn anzbc%

abcqn#

KLCQWNGRQN KLDDHGLWHQLWN

[khab nd qbwencb zbw nd pbw{hebcql qwhenqb ela# @71

qbdbehqnkl abn klcqwngrqn qwhqqbcrqn nd eb{b zwbkbabcqb

ahn kleenqqbcqn zbw n whzzlwqn an klddhglwhvnlcb kllw%

anchqh b klcqncrhqnph l h zwlobqql#

KLCQWNGRQN NCZ[ ANWNOBCQN -B] NCZAHN.

[khab nd qbwencb zbw nd pbw{hebcql abn klcqwngrqn$ qwh%

enqb nd elabddl @71$ abddh klcqwngrvnlcb Ncz{ abn anwn%

obcqn zbw db wbqwngrvnlcn an klezbqbcvh abd eb{b zwb%

kbabcqb#

NCZ[ ‛ @LCAL AN QB[LWBWNH ‛ [khab nd qbwencb zbw

n ahqlwn an dhplwl klc hdebcl 2: anzbcabcqn an pbw{hwb

hd @lcal an qb{lwbwnh dh xrlqh ebc{ndb an Q@W$ qlqhdb l

zhwvnhdb$ ehqrwhqh cbd eb{b zwbkbabcqb b clc abpldr%

qh hddb lweb zbc{nlcn{qnkmb klezdbebcqhwn#

p b c b w a ä 7:ZWBPNCAHZN ‛ [khab nd qbwencb zbw nd pbw{hebcql abn

klcqwngrqn {rddb wbqwngrvnlcn abn anwnobcqn n{kwnqqn wbdhqnpn

hd zwnel qwneb{qwb 7:87 b klercnkhvnlcb abn clench%

qnpn abn anwnobcqn#

ebwKldbaä 72 -Zl{qNKNZH H ONlpbaä 70.

NPH NCQWHKLERCNQHWNH EBC[NDN % [khab nd qbwen%cb zbw dh qwh{en{{nlcb abodn bdbckmn wnbzndlohqnpn abddb

kb{{nlcn b abodn hkxrn{qn ncqwhklercnqhwn an gbcn b {bw%

pnvn wbdhqnpn hd eb{b an ehwvl#

N elabddn ah zwb{bcqhwb {lcl6

% d„NCQWH 8$ d„NCQWH 8%gn{$ d„NCQWH 8%qbw$ d„NCQWH 8 ‛

xrhqbw b d„NCQWH 8 % xrncxrnb{ zbw db kb{{nlcn9


xrhqbw b d„NCQWH 7 % xrncxrnb{ zbw odn hkxrn{qn#

Dh zwb{bcqhvnlcb abpb b{{bwb bbqqrhqh nc pnh qbdb%ehqnkh#

NPH NCQWHKLERCNQHWNH QWNEB[QWHDN % [khab nd

qbwencb zbw dh qwh{en{{nlcb abodn bdbckmn wnbzndlohqnpn

abddb kb{{nlcn b abodn hkxrn{qn ncqwhklercnqhwn an gbcn b

{bwpnvn wbdhqnpn hd zwnel qwneb{qwb 7:88#

N elabddn ah zwb{bcqhwb {lcl6


xrhqbw b d„NCQWH 8 % xrncxrnb{ zbw db kb{{nlcn9


xrhqbw b d„NCQWH 7 % xrncxrnb{ zbw odn hkxrn{qn#

Dh zwb{bcqhvnlcb abpb b{{bwb bbqqrhqh nc pnh qbdb%

ehqnkh#

NCZ[,KNO % Zwb{bcqhvnlcb l ncpnl klc dbqqbwh whkkl%

ehcahqh abddh alehcah an ncqbowhvnlcb {hdhwnhdb wb%

dhqnph h {l{zbc{nlcb l wnarvnlcb an hqqnpnqê dhplwhqnph

ncnvnhqh cbd eb{b zwbkbabcqb#

d r c b a ä ;:

KLCQWHQQN AN DLKHVNLCB % [khab nd qbwencb zbwdh wbon{qwhvnlcb abn crlpn klcqwhqqn an dlkhvnlcb a„ne%

elgndn klc abklwwbcvh 8º hzwndb 7:87 b pbw{hebcql

abdd„nezl{qh an wbon{qwl {rn wncclpn qhknqn abn klcqwhqqn

{kharqn nd ;8 ehwvl 7:87#

WNEGLW[L,KLEZBC[HVNLCB NC@WHCCRHDB NPH ‛

[khab nd qbwencb zbw dh zwb{bcqhvnlcb qbdbehqnkh abd

elabddl QW$ zbw dh wnkmnb{qh an wneglw{l,klezbc{h%

vnlcb abdd„Nph h kwbanql wbdhqnph hd zwnel qwneb{qwb 7:87#

BDBCKL GDHKI DN[Q EBC[NDN ‛ [khab nd qbwencb zbw

dh qwh{en{{nlcb qbdbehqnkh abddh klercnkhvnlcb gdhki

dn{q ah zhwqb abn {loobqqn ebc{ndn klc wnbwnebcql hddb

lzbwhvnlcn bbqqrhqb cbd eb{b zwbkbabcqb#

BDBCKL GDHKI DN[Q QWNEB[QWHDN ‛ [khab nd qbwen%

cb zbw dh qwh{en{{nlcb qbdbehqnkh abddh klercnkhvnlcb

gdhki dn{q ah zhwqb abn {loobqqn qwneb{qwhdn klc wnbwn%

ebcql hddb lzbwhvnlcn bbqqrhqb cbd zwnel qwneb{qwb

7:87#

ERA % [khab nd qbwencb an zwb{bcqhvnlcb abddh ankmnh%

whvnlcb hddh KKNHH klezbqbcqb#

ABCRCKNH RCNBEBC[ % [khab nd qbwencb zbw d„ncpnl




abddb abcrckb klcqwngrqnpb b wbqwngrqnpb wbdhqnpb hddb wb%

qwngrvnlcn abd eb{b abd eb{b zwbkbabcqb#

ELA# ?;: ‛ [khab nd qbwencb zbw n anzbcabcqn kmb {n

hpphdolcl abdd„h{{n{qbcvh {khdb zbw dh zwb{bcqhvnlcbhd ahqlwb an dhplwl abddh ankmnhwhvnlcb abn wbaanqn ela#

?;:#

HOBCQN B WHZZWB[BCQHCQN ‛ [khab nd qbwencb b}

hwq# 80 HH#BB#KK# zbw d„ncpnl hdd„hobcqb$ ah zhwqb abddh

anqqh ehcahcqb$ abd wnbzndlol abddb {leeb pbw{hqb hd

lcal an zwbpnabcvh abdd„BCH[HWKL b an xrbddb hk%

khcqlchqb zwb{{l nd @NWW$ an klezbqbcvh abdd„hccl

zwbkbabcqb#

WHZZLWQL GNBCCHDB [RDDH [NQRHVNLCB ABD

ZBW[LCHDB ‛ [khab nd qbwencb b} hwq# 10 abd A# Do{#

c# 8>=,7::0$ zbw db hvnbcab zrggdnkmb b zwnphqb klc

8:: l znþ anzbcabcqn$ zbw dh zwb{bcqhvnlcb hddh Klc%

{nodnbwh Wbonlchdb an Zhwnqê$ abd whzzlwql wbdhqnpl hdgnbccnl 7:8:,7:88 wnorhwahcqb dh {nqrhvnlcb abd zwl%

zwnl zbw{lchdb eh{kmndb b beencndb# Hdd„ncpnl qbdbeh%

qnkl abn ahqn$ abpb klercxrb hw {bornql dh {zbanvnlcb

nc lwehql khwqhkbl qwhenqb whkklehcahqh h# w#

-ZV%@Gr%@Q%HG.

Apinforma numero 06 del 2012

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Transcript of Apinforma numero 06 del 2012