A sincronização do estro em cabras o uso de diferentes tratamentos progestagénio 2002

7/30/2019 A sincronizao do estro em cabras o uso de diferentes tratamentos progestagnio 2002

1/5

Small Ruminant Research 45 (2002) 4549

Synchronisation of oestrus in goats: the use ofdifferent progestagen treatments

K.C. Motlomelo, J.P.C. Greyling, L.M.J. SchwalbachDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State,

P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa

Accepted 12 March 2002

Abstract

The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP), fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges and controlled internal drug

release (CIDR) devices for synchronising oestrus in goats was evaluated during the natural breeding season. Ninety does (42

boer goat and 48 indigenous goats) were assigned to Group A (n = 30) 60mg MAP, Group B (n = 30) 40mg FGA and Group

C (n = 30) CIDR devices. Intravaginal progestagen was administered for a 16-day period. Upon progestagen withdrawal, does

received 300 IU PMSG intramuscularly. Cervical inseminations with fresh diluted semen at a fixed time (48 and 60 h) followed

progestagen withdrawal. The three progestagen treatments did not show significant differences in oestrous response (97%)

and duration (33.3 13.4) of the induced oestrous period. Time to the onset of oestrus significantly advanced in the CIDR

(27.20.4 h) group, when compared to FGA the (30.90.4 h)and MAP(32.20.5 h) groups. The mean serum progesterone

concentrations in the CIDR group were higher (P < 0.05) between days 4 and 16 of progestagen treatment, compared to the

MAP and FGA groups. No significant difference was observed with respect to pregnancy rate 40 days after AI (52, 60 and 47%

for CIDR, MAP and FGA groups, respectively). Results indicate that the use of MAP, FGA and CIDR intravaginal progestagen

treatments are equally efficient in synchronising oestrus in goats. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Progesterone; Oestrous; Goats; Synchronisation

1. Introduction

The control of oestrus and ovulation in farm an-

imals remains the basis and a prerequisite for thesuccess of controlled breeding. Oestrous synchro-

nisation in goats, using progestagen combined with

PMSG administration 48 h before or at progestagen

withdrawal, has been extensively applied achieving

an acceptable oestrous response (Greyling et al.,

1985; Baril et al., 1993; Baril and Saumande, 2000).

Corresponding author. Tel.: +27-51-401-2700;

fax: +27-51-401-2608.

E-mail address: [email protected] (K.C. Motlomelo).

In South Africa medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP)

and fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges are com-

mercially available for oestrous synchronisation and

are efficient in controlling oestrus and ovulation insmallstock (Gordon, 1997; Romano et al., 1996).

There is little difference in the effectiveness of the

two progestagen sponges (Smith et al., 1981; Evans

and Maxwell, 1987). Controlled internal drug release

(CIDR) devices were developed in early 1980s and

serve as an alternative method of administering ex-

ogenous progesterone for oestrous synchronisation

(Wheaton et al., 1993; Godfrey et al., 1999). Unlike

the intravaginal sponges, the CIDR devices do not

absorb nor impede drainage of vaginal secretions,

0921-4488/02/$ see front matter 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

P I I : S 0 9 2 1 - 4 4 8 8 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 1 1 3 - X


2/5

46 K.C. Motlomelo et al. / Small Ruminant Research 45 (2002) 4549

with the result that it has less foul-smelling discharge

on removal. The devices also induce earlier and more

compact synchronisation and have a better retention

rate during treatment (Welch, 1984; Greyling andBrink, 1987; Carlson et al., 1989). For these reasons

CIDR devices may be more preferable for oestrous

synchronisation programmes in does. The objective

of the present investigation was to compare the ef-

ficiency of MAP, FGA and CIDR to synchronise

oestrus in indigenous goats and record the fertility

rate following AI at the induced oestrus.

2. Materials and methods

Goats (42 boer and 48 indigenous does) were used

for the study at the experimental farm of the Uni-

versity of the Free State in autumn (natural breeding

season). The farm is situated approximately 20 km

south of Bloemfontein in the Free State province at

28.57S latitude, 25.89E longitude and at an altitude

of 1304 m above sea level. The experimental does

were divided into three groups in terms of breed,

age and body weight. The three treatments were

randomly assigned to each one of the experimental

groups: Group A (n = 30) received MAP (60 mg,

REPROMAP, Pharmacia and Upjohn) sponge, GroupB (n = 30) received FGA (40 mg flugestone ac-

etate: CHRONOGEST SPONGE, Intervet) sponge

and Group C (n = 30) received CIDR (0.3 g proges-

terone: Fort Dodge). The progestagen treatments were

administered for 16 days. At progestagen withdrawal,

all the does were injected intramuscularly with 300 IU

of PMSG (Fostim; Upjohn) and inseminated into the

cervix with fresh diluted semen (0.1 ml) at a fixed

time (48 and 60 h following progestagen treatment

withdrawal). Semen evaluation was performed prior

to use (> 3

10

9

sperm concentration). The rate ofdilution was 1:2 using skimmed cow milk.

Following the termination of progestagen treatment

all the does were observed for signs of oestrus (30 min

periods) with the aid of vasectomised bucks at 8 h

intervals (06, 14 and 22 h) for a period of 4 days (96 h).

From 10 does in each group jugular venous blood

(10 ml) was sampled every 4 days during progestagen

treatment, starting at the day of progestagen insertion,

until progestagen withdrawal and thereafter, at 8 h in-

tervals. Blood samples were also taken at days 14 and

21 after AI, for pregnancy diagnosis. These samples

were collected using jugular venipuncture into 10 ml

plain vacutainer tubes. Serum was recovered and

stored at 20

C until assayed for serum progesteroneconcentrations using the Automated Chemmilumines-

cence System (Chiron Diagnostics ACS: 180, USA).

For the ACS: 180 assay, the progesterone assay sen-

sitivity was 0.11 ng/ml and the inter and intra-assay

coefficients of variation 9.1 and 14%, respectively. All

does were tested for pregnancy, 40 days following AI

with the aid of a rectal ultrasonic scanning apparatus.

The mathematical model included fixed effect due

to treatment and residual error. The data were statisti-

cally analysed using analyses of variance (ANOVA),

general linear model (GLM) and categorical mod-

elling (CATMOD) procedures of SAS (1991).

3. Results

The results in terms of oestrous response, time to

onset duration of the induced oestrus and conception

rate are presented in Table 1. There was no signif-

icant difference in oestrous response (97%) to the

progestagen treatments. The overall mean time to

onset of oestrus following progestagen withdrawal

was 30.1 5.5 h. The CIDR group exhibited oestrussignificantly earlier, when compared to FGA and MAP

groups. No significant difference was observed in the

length of the induced oestrous periods (33.313.4 h)

and conception rate following oestrous synchronisa-

tion (52%) for the progestagen treatments.

The mean serum natural progesterone levels throu-

ghout the observation period for the three treatment

groups are presented in Fig. 1. The mean serum pro-

gesterone concentrations at days 14 and 21 after AI

are shown in Table 2. The mean serum progesterone

concentrations in CIDR treated does were signifi-cantly higher between days 4 and 16 of progestagen

treatment, when compared to both MAP and FGA

treated does. When the majority of the does were

in oestrus (32 h) following progestagen withdrawal,

the mean serum progesterone concentrations did

not differ significantly among the three treatments

(0.2 0.1, 0.3 0.1 and 0.3 0.1 ng/ml for FGA,

CIDR and MAP groups, respectively. Similarly, at the

time of insemination, serum progesterone concentra-

tions for the three treatments did not differ signifi-


3/5

K.C. Motlomelo et al. / Small Ruminant Research 45 (2002) 4549 47

Table 1

The effect of progestagen treatment on oestrous response, mean interval to onset and duration of the induced oestrous perioda

Treatment

groups

n Oestrous

response (%)

Onset of oestrus

(h)

S.E.

Duration of oestrus

(h)

S.E.

Conception

rate (%)MAP 30 93.1 a 32.2 0.5 a 32.6 0.7 a 51.7 a

FGA 30 96.7 a 30.9 0.4 a 32.0 0.7 a 60.0 a

CIDR 30 100.0 a 27.2 0.4 b 35.2 0.7 a 46.7 a

a Values in the same column with different letters differ (P < 0.01).

Fig. 1. Mean serum progesterone concentrations (ng/ml) during

and after cessation of different progestagen treatments in does.

cantly (MAP 0.490.1 ng/ml, FGA 0.300.1 ng/ml,

CIDR 0.53 0.1 ng/ml). There was no significant

relationship observed between the serum progesterone

concentrations on day 14 after AI and pregnancy

status. However, at day 21 pregnant does had higher

(P < 0.01) mean serum progesterone concentrations,

compared to the non-pregnant does.

Table 2

The mean S.E. serum progesterone levels (ng/ml) at days 14

and 21 after AI in pregnant and non-pregnant doesa

n Day 14 Day 21

Pregnant doesb 47 18.9 0.5 a 17.3 0.4 a

Non-pregnant does 43 14.8 0.5 a 3.6 0.4 b

a Figures with different letters within the same column differ

(P < 0.01).b As determined by rectal ultrasonography at day 40.

4. Discussion

In the present study 97% of the does were in

oestrus following a 16-day progestagen treatment.

The three progestagens used were equally efficient

in synchronising oestrus in does. These results are in

agreement with those of Freitas et al. (1996), Freitas

et al. (1997) and Baril and Saumande (2000). The

response obtained in this trial was higher than the

74% reported by Greyling and Van Der Nest (2000),

working with the same goat breeds.

The overall mean interval to onset of oestrus fol-

lowing progestagen withdrawal was 30.1 5.5 h, and

comparable to an interval of 30.5 h between cessation

of progestagen treatment and the onset of oestrus

reported by Greyling et al. (1997). However, this

interval is shorter than 116.4 16.4 h reported byIshwar and Pandey (1992) on Black Bengal goats.

These differences may be explained by differences in

breed, nutrition and season which are known to influ-

ence this parameter (Ahmed et al., 1998). The onset

of oestrus was significantly earlier in CIDR treated

does than in does treated with MAP and FGA. This

can be related to the solid matrix of CIDR main-

taining low progesterone concentration at removal,

while the sponges will squeeze resulting in a burst of

progestagen at removal (Greyling and Brink, 1987).

Type of progestagen had no significant effect on theduration of the induced oestrus in contrast to a sig-

nificantly longer oestrous duration with MAP treated

does, when compared to FGA and CIDR (Selvaraju

et al., 1997). The mean duration of the induced oestrus

(33.2 13.4 h) obtained in this study, is comparable

to the natural duration of oestrus in boer goat does

(37.4 4.8 h) (Greyling, 1988).

Serum progesterone concentrations in CIDR treated

does increased rapidly after intravaginal device in-

sertion and then decreased gradually but remained


4/5

48 K.C. Motlomelo et al. / Small Ruminant Research 45 (2002) 4549

significantly higher until day 16 of treatment, when

compared to the MAP and FGA. A pattern of serum

progesterone concentration similar to that the CIDR

treated does of this trial was reported by Wheatonet al. (1993) and Selvaraju and Kathiresan (1995).

Pregnant does had significantly higher serum pro-

gesterone concentrations compared to non-pregnant

does, indicating that pregnancies can be accurately

confirmed with serum progesterone tests as early as

21 days following AI.

None of the three progestagen treatments showed

any significant advantage over the other with respect

to pregnancy rate. The overall pregnancy rate 40 days

following AI and confirmed at kidding was 52%. This

was relatively low when compared to the previous

findings of Faure et al. (1983), Greyling et al. (1994)

and Greyling and Van Der Nest (2000) in sheep and

goats, respectively. This low conception rate could

possibly be ascribed to the time of AI (48 and 60 h fol-

lowing progestagen removal) that was late in oestrus.

The majority of does showed overt signs of oestrus

earlier (2432 h following progestagen withdrawal)

thus most does received their first insemination

approximately 20 h after the onset of oestrus.

In conclusion, the progesterone treatments (MAP,

FGA and CIDR) are more or less equally efficient in

synchronising oestrus in goats. However, the use ofCIDR led to a shorter interval to onset of oestrus than

MAP and FGA, while fertility rates (pregnancy rates)

as a result of fixed time AI (48 and 60 h following

progestagen withdrawal) were similar.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the Department

of Animal Science, University of the Free State for

providing necessary facilities to undertake this studyand the National Research Foundation for rendering

financial support.

References

Ahmed, M.M., Makwi, S.E., Jabura, A.S., 1998. Synchronisation

of oestrus in Nubian goats. Small Rumin. Res. 30, 113120.

Baril, G., Saumande, J., 2000. Hormonal treatments to control

time of ovulation and fertility of goats. In: Gruner, L., Chabert,

Y., Poitiers (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International

Conference on Goats, France, pp. 400405.

Baril, G., Leboeuf, B., Saumande, J., 1993. Synchronisation of

oestrous in goats: the relationship between time of occurrence

of oestrous and fertility following artificial insemination.Theriogenology 40, 621628.

Carlson, K.M., Pohl, H.A., Marcek, J.M., Muser, R.K., Wheaton,

J.E., 1989. Evaluation of progesterone controlled internal drug

release dispensers for synchronisation of oestrus in sheep. Anim.

Reprod. Sci. 18 (13), 205218.

Evans, G., Maxwell, W.M.C., 1987. Salamons Artificial

Insemination of Sheep and Goats. Butterworths, London.

Faure, A.S., Boshoff, D.A., Burger, F.L., 1983. The effect of

whole and halved intravaginal sponges combined with either

subcutaneous or intravenous administration of PMSG on

synchronisation of the oestrous cycle of Karakul ewes. S. Afr.

J. Anim. Sci. 13, 157160.

Freitas, V.J.V., Baril, G., Saumande, J., 1996. Induction andsynchronisation of oestrus in goats: the relative efficiency of one

versus two fluorogestone acetate-impregnated vaginal sponges.

Theriogenology 46, 12511256.

Freitas, V.J.F., Baril, G., Saumande, J., 1997. Oestrous synchro-

nisation in goats: use of fluorogestone acetate vaginal

sponges or norgestomet ear implants. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 46,

237244.

Godfrey, R.W., Collins, J.R., Hensley, E.L., Wheaton, J.E., 1999.

Oestrous synchronisation and artificial insemination of hair

sheep ewe in the tropics. Theriogenology 51, 985997.

Gordon, I.R., 1997. Controlled Reproduction in Sheep and Goats.

CAB International, UK.

Greyling, J.P.C., 1988. Certain aspects of reproductive physiology

in the boer goat doe. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Stellenbosh,Stellenbosh, RSA.

Greyling, J.P.C., Brink, W.C.J., 1987. Synchronisation of oestrus

in sheep. The use of control internal release (CIDR) dispensers.

S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 17, 128132.

Greyling, J.P.C., Van Der Nest, M., 2000. Synchronisation of

oestrus in goats: dose effect of progestagen. Small Rumin. Res.

36, 201207.

Greyling, J.P.C., Van Niekerk, C.H., Grobbelaar, J.A.N., 1985.

Synchronisation of oestrous in the boer goat doe: the response

to the use of intravaginal progestagen and PMSG. S. Afr. J.

Anim. Sci. 15, 5255.

Greyling, J.P.C., Kotze, W.F., Taylor, G.J., Hagendijk, W.J., 1994.

Synchornization of oestrus in sheep: use of different doses

of progestagen outside the normal breeding season. S. Afr. J.

Anim. Sci. 24, 3337.

Greyling, J.P.C., Erasmus, J.A., Taylor, G.J., Van Der Merwe, S.,

1997. Synchronisation of oestrus in sheep using progestagen

and insemination with chilled semen during the breeding season.

Small Rumin. Res. 26, 137143.

Ishwar, A.K., Pandey, J.N., 1992. Oestrous synchronisation and

fertility in Black Bengal goats following administration of

progesterone/prostaglandin and gonadotrophins. Res. Vet. Sci.

52, 141146.

Romano, J.E., Rodas, E., Ferreira, A., Lago, I., Benech, A., 1996.

Effects of progestagen, PMSG and artificial insemination time


5/5

K.C. Motlomelo et al. / Small Ruminant Research 45 (2002) 4549 49

on fertility and prolificacy in Corriedale ewes. Small Rumin.

Res. 23, 157162.

SAS, 1991. SAS for P. C. 6.04. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC,

USA.

Selvaraju, M., Kathiresan, D., 1995. Oestrous synchronisationand fertility rate in Tellicherry goats treated with natural

progesterone. Cheiron 24 (1), 914.

Selvaraju, M., Kathiresan, D., Pattabiraman, S.R., 1997. Effect of

oestrous synchronisation and method of breeding on oestrous

duration in Tellicherry goats. Ind. J. Anim. Reprod. 18 (1),

1517.

Smith, P.A., Boland, M.P., Gordon, I., 1981. Effects of type of

intravaginal progestagen on the outcome of fixed-time artificial

insemination. J. Agric. Sci. Cambr. 96, 243245.

Welch, R.A.S., 1984. Application of the controlled internal drug

release (CIDR) dispenser. Report. Rukura Animal ResearchStation.

Wheaton, J.E., Carlson, K.M., Windels, H.F., Johnston, L.J., 1993.

CIDR: a new progesterone-releasing intravaginal device for

induction of oestrus and cycle control in sheep and goats. Anim.

Reprod. Sci. 33, 127141.

A sincronização do estro em cabras o uso de diferentes tratamentos progestagénio 2002

Documents

Transcript of A sincronização do estro em cabras o uso de diferentes tratamentos progestagénio 2002