A Escola Austríaca e a Teoria do Valor

Prof. Dr. Antony P. MuellerUFS

Quem foi Ludwig von Mises?

• Nasceu 20 de Setembro de 1881 em Lemberg, Império Austro-Húngaro

• Faleceu 10 de Outubro de 1973 em Nova IorqueNota:Falecimento de Karl Marx: 1883 (*1818)Nascimento de John Maynard Keynes: 1883 (- 1946)Nascimento de Joseph Schumpeter: 1883 (- 1950)1974 Prêmio Nobel para F. A. von Hayek (1899 – 1992)

Carreira

• Estudos na Universidade de Viena• 1906 Doutorado• 1913-1934 leciona na Universidade de Viena e

trabalha como conselheiro econômico na Câmera Austríaca de Indústria e Comércio

• 1934-1940 professor no Institut de Hautes Études Internationales em Genebra

• 1940 publicação de «Nationalökonomie » (http://mises.org/Books/nationaloekonomie.pdf)

Mises nos Estados Unidos

• 1940 Emigração para Nova Iorque• 1945-1969 Professor na Universidade Nova Iorque• 1949 “Human Action. A Treatise on Economics”

(1969 The Scholars’ Edition) • http://mises.org/Books/humanaction.pdf• Biografia: Jörg Guido Hülsmann: “Mises. The Last

Knight of Liberalism” 2007 (http://mises.org/Books/HumanActionScholars.pdf)

Carl Menger (1840-1921) Subjectivism of ValuationMethodological IndividualismMarginalist AnalysisEugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851-1914) Subjectivist Theory of CapitalIntertemporal AllocationTime Preference Theory of InterestLudwig von Mises (1881-1973) Subjectivist Monetary TheoryTheory of the Business CycleImpossibility of Rational Calculation inSocialismTheory of Human ActionFriedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992) Theory of Capitalist ProductionTheory of the Business CycleTheory of KnowledgeTheory of Market Coordination

A Escola Austríaca AmericanaMurray N. Rothbard (1926-1995) Libertarian Economic TheoryIsrael Kirzner and faculty of New York UniversityEntrepreneurshipSubjectivity and UncertaintyHans-Herman Hoppe (1949 - ) Property rightsInstitutional AnalysisScholars of the Ludwig von Mises Institute Misesian economic theory LibertarianismFaculty of the Mercator Center of George Mason UniversityMarket ProcessesPublic Choice

Ação Humana-Human action is conscious behavior-Human action is an ends-means relationship- Human action is tautologically rational- Human valuation is subjective meaning (Sinn)- “Utility” is intentional specific valuation- Human action is teleologically oriented (reverse causality)- Human action is active choice (expectations)- Human action is centered in the personal “ego” (“Ich”)- Human action is sequential in time and space- Human action is imperfect and incomplete- Human thinking is interior action- Human thinking is imperfect and incomplete

Dicotomia metodológicaClosed Model (ideal do pesquisador)deterministicuniversalcompletereductionisticfrom complex to simple

Open Model (realidade do pesquisador)Non-deterministictime-and-space-dependentincompletecomplexfrom simple to complex

Teoria do Valor

• Valor versus preço• Preço – Objetivo – Coletivo– Cardinal– Calculatório– Monetário– Absoluto

Teoria do Valor

• Valor– Subjetivo– Individual– Ordinal– Estimativo– Sensual– Situacional– Transitório– Marginal