5DYQDQMH]RG SDGNLY V RGREQLGUX çEL
Transcript of 5DYQDQMH]RG SDGNLY V RGREQLGUX çEL
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Ravnanje z odpadki v sodobni družbi
dr.sc. Renato Šarc
Montanuniversitaet Leoben,
Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management
9. Konferenca Komunalnega Gospodarstva, Podčetrtek, 20.09.2019.
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Start: 01.04.2017 (4 years)
Total costs: € 4,880,000
K-Project ReWaste4.0 started
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ReWaste4.0 investigates and develops new methods, technologies and concepts!
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RIL-dijagram za dinamičku vizualizaciju
Tehničko-tehnološki razvoj sustava
Ekonomski i ekološki optimum
Zaključak
3 teme…
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Spaljivanje /energetska oporaba
Odlaganje
Recikliranje
Razvoj obrade otpada u EU od 1995. do 2016.
- 40%
+ 29%
+ 13%
60 mil. t ! 5 @ Sarc
65 mil. t !
110 mil. t !
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Prikaz razvoja i povezanosti pomoću
„ternarnog RIL-dijagrama“
Spaljivanje/ Energetska oporaba
„ternarni dijagram“
Svaka država je pozicionirana
EU prosjek (2016.):
24% odlaganje
27% spaljivanje/e.o.
46% recikliranje
„Cilj EU“ (2035.)
65%
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EU: 1990.-2035.
Povezani razvoj
1990.
2010. 2005.
2000.
1995.
2016.
Spaljivanje/ Energetska oporaba
„Cilj EU“ (2035.)
65%
EU
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25 @ Sarc
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2016 20082006
2004
20011998
1995
2016
2010
2005
2000
1995
„Države oporabitelji“
26 @ Sarc
Novi paket:
Jedinstvena
metoda za
izračun stope
reciklaže!
Primarna selekcija i sortiranje KO nisu „recikliranje“!
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20162015
2013
2010
2006
Pozitivan trend i u HR
Spaljivanje/ Energetska oporaba
„Cilj EU“ (2035./40.)
65%
Trenutni cilj HR (2020.)
50%
27 @ Sarc
21% u 2016. Eurostat, 2018
HAOP, 2018. „…Time je stopa oporabe komunalnog otpada u 2017. godini iznosila 24%, što je za 3% više nego u 2016. godini. Stopa recikliranja komunalnog otpada iznosila je također 24% što je još uvijek niže od ciljanog udjela za 2020. godinu koji sukladno čl.55. ZOGO iznosi 50%. …„
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Dinamičan razvoj i odličan primjer = Slovenija
28 @ Sarc Spaljivanje/ Energetska oporaba
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Tehničko-tehnološki razvoj
sustava gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom
Pomberger & Sarc, 2017./2018.
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30 @ Sarc
MUNICIPAL WASTE
Waste DUMP
1. Level of waste treatment
Informal collection
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31 @ Sarc
MUNICIPAL WASTE
LANDFILL
Informal collection
2. Level of waste treatment
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MUNICIPAL
WASTE LANDFILL
SEPARATE COLLECTION
metal paper glass plastics
Organised wm or
Informal sector
…
MUNICIPAL
WASTE LANDFILL
„recyclables“
metal paper glass plastics
Organised wm
…
Sorting plant
alternative
Residues and
„Recyclables“
3. Level of waste treatment
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INCINERATION (MSWI)
MSWI = Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator
LANDFILL
direct Recycling in industry
Bio-Waste Secondary Raw
Materials
Product (Compost,
Biogas,
Biodiesel)
Residues
MUNICIPAL
WASTE
SEPARATE COLLECTION
Sorting plant
Recycling In industry
biological treatment
Separate Collection & Recycling
+ MSWI
4. Level of waste treatment
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INCINERATION (MSWI)
Construction material
direct Recycling in industry
Bio-Waste Secondary Raw
Materials
Product (Compost,
Biogas,
Biodiesel)
Residues
MUNICIPAL
WASTE
SEPARATE COLLECTION
Sorting plant
Recycling In industry
biological treatment
MP-TREATMENT for RECOVERY
Re
sid
ue
s
Combustion
Residues (Ashes, Slags)
Mechanical
treatment
plant
Recycling In industry
Metals
(Fe, NON-Fe)
LANDFILL
MSWI = Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator
5. Level of waste treatment
Separate Collection & Recycling
+ MSWI + Slag Recycling
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35 @ Sarc
SEPARATION Plant (MP/MB-Treatment)
MP TREATMENT
SRF-Recovery
BIOLOGICAL Treatment (MB)
Co-INCINERATION WtE-Plants
LANDFILL Residues
Coarse, lightweight
fraction Fine, heavyweight fraction
Metals
(Fe, NON-Fe)
MP = Mechanical-Physical MB = Mechanical-Biological SRF = Solid Recovered Fuel WtE = Waste to Energy
direct Recycling in industry
Bio-Waste Secondary Raw
Materials
Product (Compost,
Biogas,
Biodiesel)
Residues
MUNICIPAL
WASTE
SEPARATE COLLECTION
Sorting plant
Recycling In industry
biological treatment
MBT
Co-Incineration
Mechanical
treatment
plant
Recycling In industry
6. Level of waste treatment Separate Collection &
Recycling + Mechanical Treatment
+ Biological Treatment + SRF
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36 @ Sarc
SEPARATION Plant (MP/MB-Treatment)
MP TREATMENT
SRF-Recovery
BIOLOGICAL Treatment (MB)
Co-INCINERATION WtE-Plants
LANDFILL Residues
Coarse, lightweight
fraction Fine, heavyweight fraction
Metals
(Fe, NON-Fe)
direct Recycling in industry
Bio-Waste Secondary Raw
Materials
Product (Compost,
Biogas,
Biodiesel)
Residues
MUNICIPAL
WASTE
SEPARATE COLLECTION
Sorting plant
Recycling In industry
biological treatment
MBT
Co-Incineration
Mechanical
treatment
plant
Recycling In industry
sta
bili
sation
MP = Mechanical-Physical MB = Mechanical-Biological SRF = Solid Recovered Fuel WtE = Waste to Energy
7. Level of waste treatment Separate Collection &
Recycling +Mechanical Treatment + Biological Stabilisation
+ SRF
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SEPARATION Plant (MP/MB-Treatment)
MP TREATMENT
SRF-Recovery
BIOLOGICAL Treatment (MB)
Co-INCINERATION WtE-Plants
LANDFILL Residues
Coarse, lightweight
fraction Fine, heavyweight fraction
Metals
(Fe, NON-Fe)
direct Recycling in industry
Bio-Waste Secondary Raw
Materials
Product (Compost,
Biogas,
Biodiesel)
Residues
MUNICIPAL
WASTE
SEPARATE COLLECTION
Sorting plant
Recycling In industry
biological treatment
MBT
Co-Incineration
Mechanical
treatment
plant
Recycling In industry
sta
bili
satio
n
MP = Mechanical-Physical MB = Mechanical-Biological SRF = Solid Recovered Fuel WtE = Waste to Energy
Recyclables
from MP treatment and SRF –plants to sorting plant
and direct recycling
Mechanical Treatment
+ Biological Stabilisation + SRF
8. Level of waste treatment
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38 @ Sarc
SEPARATION Plant (MP/MB-Treatment)
MP TREATMENT
SRF-Recovery
BIOLOGICAL Treatment (MB)
Co-INCINERATION WtE-Plants
LANDFILL Residues
Coarse, lightweight
fraction Fine, heavyweight fraction
Metals
(Fe, NON-Fe)
direct Recycling in industry
Bio-Waste Secondary Raw
Materials
Product (Compost,
Biogas,
Biodiesel)
Residues
MUNICIPAL
WASTE
SEPARATE COLLECTION
Sorting plant
Recycling In industry
biological treatment
MBT
Co-Incineration
Mechanical
treatment
plant
Recycling In industry
sta
bili
satio
n
INCINERATION (MSWI)
MP-TREATMENT for RECOVERY
Re
sid
ue
s
Combustion
Residues (Ashes,
Slags)
Me
tals
(Fe
, NO
N-
Fe
)
How to reach circular economy
recycling rates?
9. High end - reality - combinations MP = Mechanical-Physical MB = Mechanical-Biological SRF = Solid Recovered Fuel WtE = Waste to Energy
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Ekonomski i ekološki optimum
39 @ Sarc
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Ekonomski optimum
Ekonomski
optimum
Stopa reciklaže u %
Prihod kroz
supstituciju sirovine
Troš
kovi
i P
rih
od
i u N
J
Trošak
reciklianja
0 100
Kod smanjenja cijena sirovina
smanjuju se optimalna stopa
reciklaže i prednosti reciklaže!
Visoka cijena sirovine
Niska cijena sirovine
40 @ Sarc Pomberger, R. (2016.) Recy & DepoTech 2016.
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Ekonomski
optimum
Ekološki optimum
Stopa reciklaže u %
Prihod kroz
supstituciju sirovine
Troš
kovi
i P
rih
od
i u N
J Trošak
reciklianja
Ekološki t rošak
Koliko nam vrijedi viši standard?
Tko će platiti razliku?
0 100
41 @ Sarc
Glavni aspekt između ekonomskog i ekološkog
optimuma
Pomberger, R. (2016.) Recy & DepoTech 2016.
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Zaključak – odabrani aspekti
42 @ Sarc
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43 @ Sarc
Ravnanje z odpadki v sodobni družbi
System in balance:
1) Acceptance
2) Quantity
3) Capacities
Acceptance (e.g. costs)
Waste
management
in balance
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China – from green fence to national sword
Recycling
capacities in EU must be built up!
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05.10.2019 45
New modern technologies!
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46 Renato Sarc
SMART Waste Factory 4.0
Machine data
„Smart Waste
Factory 4.0“
Characterisation
Quality Sorting
Impurities
Machines
Mixed
Input Quality
Secondary
Raw Materials &
Fuels
Digital cross-linking
Online/ontime waste data and plant control
Cooperation men-machine
W4.0
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New markets for regranulates Prognosis 2025
+10 Mio. t/a
more plastic granulates
https://recyclingportal.eu/Archive/47349
We have to bring them back into the products
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More co-incineration plants
Less MSW incinerators
But
more
Co-incineration
and
WtE plants in industry
http://www.enages.at/
https://www.aebamsterdam.com/
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Substitution of conventional fuels
2013: 72.4%
2014: 75.5%
2015: 76.1%
2016: 78.2%
2017: 80.6%
2018: 81.2%
RDF – total amount 2018:
555,614 t/a Quellen: Mauschitz 2018
VÖZ (2015): Zement trägt Verantwortung Nachhaltigkeitsbericht 2014
SRF: 358,580 t (2018)
Positive Development of Energy Recovery of RDF in Austrian Cement Industry: 1988 - 2018
49 @ Sarc
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50 Renato Sarc RDF (ohne SRF)
1988
1990
1992
1996 2000 2002
2004
2006
1998
2008
2010
2012 2014 2016
2017
(mass related % evaluation)
TSR in cement industry and importance of SRF
„SRF“ (2018): 101 kg SRF/tKlinker
68 kg SRF/tZement
6.18 t/Betriebsstunde
Auswertung basiert auf Daten aus
Mauschitz (2019)
2018
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Hvala!
dr.sc. Renato Šarc [email protected]
Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Austria) Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management