2011 - CONAFLOR FAO Report

Diversidade Genética Florestal no Brasil

preparando o relatório nacional para a FAO

09/Dez/2011, CONAFLOR, Brasília (10:30)

Uma oportunidade para refletir e documentar: - a situação dos recursos genéticos florestais no Brasil - o que já se conquistou e o que falta fazer - o que é necessário fazer para garantir a conservação e o uso sustentável

Coordenação: Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez / Eric Gorgens – ESALQ/USP


função da biodiversidade nos sistemas de produção identificação de fatores que têm causado mudanças

a situação dos recursos genéticos em plantios florestais no Brasil

contribuição dos atuais recursos genéticos para o desenvolvimento sustentável do setor e da agricultura (fibras, alimentos e combustíveis renováveis)

o que já se conquistou e o que falta fazer


identificação de oportunidades e obstáculos (assim como de estratégias para aproveitar as oportunidades e superar os obstáculos)

formação de capacidades que contribuam para a conservação, o uso sustentável e o

desenvolvimento dos recursos genéticos

o que é necessário fazer para garantir a conservação e o uso sustentável


Estrutura Básica do Relatório

Resumo Executivo

O Setor Florestal Brasileiro (6)

Demandas e Forças Motrizes (5)

Capítulos

1. Estado atual da diversidade dos recursos genéticos (27)

2. Estado da conservação genética in situ (10)

3. Estado da conservação genética ex situ (14)

4. Estado e gestão do uso sustentável dos recursos genéticos florestais (22)

5. Estado dos programas nacionais, da pesquisa, educação, capacitação e legislação do país (34)

6. Estado da colaboração regional e internacional (8)

7. Acesso aos recursos genéticos florestais e a repartição de benefícios decorrentes do uso (15)

8. Contribuição dos recursos genéticos florestais para a segurança alimentar, redução da pobreza e desenvolvimento sustentável (2)


Total: 143 perguntas – (98 perguntas-chave)


Section I – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


Forestry Sector

1. What are the main types of plantation forests and tree resource management systems?

2. What is the distribution and size of plantation forests?

5. How is the forestry sector organized? (Forest growers, private companies, international corporations, cooperatives).

6. What roles do the forest genetic resources play in meeting the current demands for forest products and services in Brazil?


Changing demands and driving forces

1. What trends in forest conservation, management and production were observed over the past 10 years? What are their main driving forces?

5. What roles will forest genetic resources play in meeting future demands for forest products and services in your country over the next 10 years?


Section II – MAIN BODY

Chapter 1 – The Current State of Forest Genetic Resources


Diversity within and between forest tree species

1.1. List of the main ecosystems and main tree species in Brazil.

1.2. List of methods of species characterization (ecological zonation, delimitation of provenance zones etc.).

1.3. List antecedents of intraspecific variation studies.

1.4. What methods are being employed to analyze and assess intraspecific variation?

1.5. What actions are being taken to survey and inventory intraspecific variation?

1.6. Have any initiative and information systems been established on intraspecific genetic variation patterns?

1.7. If any, indicate the objectives and priorities for improving the understanding of intraspecific variation.

1.8. What are the capacity-building needs to enhance assessments and monitoring of interspecific and intraspecific variations?


The main value of forest genetic resources

1.9. What are the main forest tree species actively managed for productive aims?

1.12. What are the main forest trees species actively managed or identified for environmental services?

1.13. What are the main forest tree species considered as threatened?

1.15. List any documented forest tree species priority setting exercises available.

1.16. What is the state of genetic diversity for each main species: increasing, decreasing, remaining the same or unknown?



Factors influencing the state of forest genetic diversity in Brazil 1.18. Is Brazil assessing genetic erosion of forest genetic resources? If so, what mechanisms or

indicators are used to monitor genetic erosion?

Main threats (deforestation, change of land use, over exploitation, genetic pollution). Scientific and technical approaches/mechanisms used for monitoring genetic erosion and vulnerability; for preventing and

correcting genetic erosion and vulnerability. Policy tools and instruments that the country employs to address genetic erosion and vulnerability.

Has Brazil undertaken any risk disaster analysis for forest genetic resources? Major constraints to establishing effective forest genetic resources disaster responses mechanisms?

What are Brazilian priorities to improve monitoring of genetic erosion and vulnerability and improve the response to observed erosion and vulnerability?


Future needs and priorities

1.19. What are the priorities for improving / understanding of the state of diversity of forest genetic resources, including associated biodiversity?

1.20. What are the capacity-building needs to enhance assessments of the state of diversity of forest genetic resources, including ways to better assess genetic erosion and understanding of its causes?

1.21. What are the priorities to better understand the roles and values of the diversity of forest genetic resources (economic, social, culture, ecological values?)

1.23. What is the level of perception of the importance of forest genetic resources?

1.26. What is the level of the intervention required (national, regional, and/or global?)




2.1. Target species included and actively managed within in situ conservation programs

2.2. Categories of in situ conservation areas established (managed production forests, provenance zones, strictly protected areas).

2.5. Greatest constraints to improving in situ conservation in the country?

2.6. Priorities for future in situ conservation actions?

2.7. Capacity-building needs and priorities for in situ conservation actions?

2.8. Has Brazil established any national/regional forum for stakeholders involved with in situ conservation, and that are recognized by the National Forest Programme?

2.9. Research priorities to support in situ conservation?

Chapter 2 – The State of in situ Genetic Conservation

3.1. Target forest tree species included in ex situ conservation programmes. 3.2. Means of conservation for each species (provenances stored as seeds, pollen, tissue,

other). 3.3. Total number of trees of each provenance stored. 3.4. Specify if the seed lots/accessions are bulked or kept separately by single tree. 3.5. Specify the infrastructure capacity for ex situ conservation (laboratory, germplasm banks

etc.). 3.6. Number and size of ex situ conservation stands established in Brazil (species,

provenance, size). 3.7. Number, size and roles of arboreta and botanical gardens established in the country. 3.8. Use and transfer of germplasm in the country. 3.9. Documentation and characterization used. 3.11. Actions for promoting ex situ conservation? 3.12. Greatest constraints to improving ex situ conservation in Brazil? 3.13. Priorities for future ex situ conservation actions? 3.14. Capacity-building needs and priorities for ex situ conservation actions?


Chapter 3 – The State of ex situ Genetic Conservation


Genetic improvement programmes and their implementation

4.1. Species which are presently subject to tree improvement programmes.

4.3. Specify the main improvement objective (timber, pulpwood, fuel wood, non-wood products, other).

4.5. List for each species listed in the first question above, as applicable, the number of provenances tested in field trials, phenotypically selected individuals (plus trees), seedling progenies tested in field trials and clones tested in field trials.

4.6. Type, number and size of seedling seed orchards.

4.7. Type, number and size of clonal seed orchards.

4.8. Number and size of clonal banks established in the country.

4.10. Number and storage capacity of gene banks established in Brazil.

Chapter 4 – State of Use and Sustainable Management of FGR


4.15. Information systems established on tree breeding programs?

4.16. State of the use and transfer of germplasm?

4.17. State of access and benefit-sharing?

Delivery/deployment systems; availability of reproductive materials

4.18. Species of which quantities of seed, pollen, scions and/or other reproductive materials can be made available, at request.

4.20. Type of improved reproductive material classification in use in the country.

4.22. Mean of release of the improved forest genetic materials

4.23. Has Brazil implemented any national seed improvement program?

Chapter 4 – State of Use and Sustainable Management of FGR


National Programs

5.1. Main institutions actively engaged in field and laboratory work related to forest genetic resources conservation.

5.2. Involved institutions are: (governmental/non-governmental institutions, research institutes, universities, industry etc.).

5.5. Has Brazil established a National Program for forest genetic resources?

5.6. If yes, describe its structure and main functions in the Report.

5.8. Has Brazil established a legal framework for forest genetic resources strategies, plans and programs? If yes, describe the framework.

5.10. Have the trends in support for the Brazilian National Program for forest genetic resources changed over the past 10 years – become stronger, declined, remained about the same? Is program funding increasing, decreasing or stable?

5.12. Indicate the main challenges, needs and priorities that Brazil faces to maintain or strengthen its National Program for forest genetic resources over the next 10 years?

Chapter 5 – State of National Programs, Research, Education, Training and Legislation


Florestas Plantadas

Networks

5.13. Has your country developed/enhanced national networks for forest genetic resources over the past 10 years?

5.14. Indicate the participants in any network and the main functions and benefits that are derived from the networks.


Education, Research and Training

5.15. Number and categories (private, public. governmental etc.) of research institution involved in forest genetic resources in Brazil.

5.17. Budget allocated to forest genetic resource research in Brazil.

5.18. Number of patents (if any) related to forest genetic resources.

5.19. State of education and training in forest genetic resources?

5.20. Needs and priorities for education and training to support the sustainable use, development and conservation of forest genetic resources?


National Legislation

5.24. Has Brazil established legislation or regulations relevant to forest genetic resources over the past 10 years (phytosanitary, seed production, forest breeders rights, others)?

5.25. Treaties, agreements, and conventions endorsed by the country that are related to forest genetic resources conservation and management.

5.26. Has Brazil identified any obstacles to developing legislation and regulations relevant to forest genetic resources? If so, what are your needs and priorities to address the obstacles?


Information Systems

5.27. Has Brazil developed any information management systems to support efforts to sustainably use, develop, and conserve forest genetic resources?

5.30. What are the main challenges, needs and priorities for developing or enhancing your information management systems for forest genetic resources?


Public Awareness

5.31. Level of awareness of the roles and values of forest genetic resources in Brazil (unaware, limited awareness, satisfactory awareness, excellent awareness)?

5.32. Has Brazil developed awareness programs for forest genetic resources? If so, describe them and any products obtained.

5.33. Has Brazil identified any constraints to developing public awareness programmes for forest genetic resources?

5.34. If so, what are your needs and priorities to address the constraints?



International Networks

6.6. What regional, sub-regional, forest genetic resources-bases or thematic networks for forest genetic resources did Brazil participate in, over the past 10 years, and what benefits resulted?

6.7. What are Brazil’s needs and priorities to develop or strengthen international networks for forest genetic resources?

Chapter 6 – State of Regional and International Collaboration


International Programs 6.8. What international programs for forest genetic resources have been most beneficial for

Brazil, and why?

6.11. What are Brazil’s needs and priorities for future international collaboration related to:

Understand the state of diversity Enhance in situ conservation and management

Enhancing ex situ conservation and management Enhance use of forest genetic resources

Enhance research Enhance education and training

Enhance legislation Enhance information management and early warning systems for forest genetic resources

Enhance public awareness Other priorities for international programs



International Agreements

6.12. Has Brazil subscribed to any international agreement, treatee, convention, or trade agreement over the past 10 years that are relevant to the sustainable use, development and conservation of forest genetic resources?

6.13. If so, briefly describe the impact of these agreements with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of forest genetic resources in Brazil.



Access to forest genetic resources

7.1. Over the past 10 years, has your country subscribed to any international agreement relevant to access to forest genetic resources, transfer and sharing of benefit arising out of their use?

7.2. If so, list them in your Country Report.

7.3. Over the past 10 years, has your country developed or modified national legislation and policies or taken other action in terms of providing access to forest genetic resources within the country and sharing of benefits arising out of their use?

7.7. Is access to forest genetic resources remaining about the same, improving or being more difficult over the past 10 years?

Chapter 7 – Access to FGR and Sharing of Benefits Arising from their use


Sharing of benefits arising out of the use of forest genetic resources

7.10. What are the benefits arising from the use of forest genetic resources in Brazil (qualitative and quantitative information if available?)

7.11. Who shares the benefits arising from the use of forest genetic resources in Brazil?

7.12. Has Brazil established mechanisms of sharing benefits arising out of the use of forest genetic resources? If so, describe them.

7.15. Indicate the importance of maintaining or enhancing access to forest genetic resources and benefit-sharing and provide any other strategic direction for maintaining access and benefit sharing.

Chapter 7 – Access to FGR and Sharing of Benefits Arising from their use


8.1. What are your priorities to better understand the economic, social, environmental and other contributions of forest genetic resources for food, agriculture and forest development?

8.2. What are the contributions of forest genetic resources management to the Millennium Development Goals in your country?

Chapter 8 – Contribution of FGR to Food Security, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Development


coleta de referências bibliográficas coleta de dados e informação georreferenciada questionários reuniões

a elaboração do documento está organizada em 4 fases


5 biomas (Amazônia, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pantanal e Mata Atlântica) florestas plantadas

seis dimensões


documentos-chave indicações dos especialistas associação com as perguntas

coleta de referências bibliográficas


bases oficiais (MMA, IBGE, IBAMA, etc) associação com as perguntas Indicações dos especialistas

coleta de dados e informações georreferenciadas


serão enviados à especialistas para a geração de informações específicas

questionários


especialistas em florestas plantadas (melhoristas e geneticistas) especialistas do Serviço Florestal Brasileiro e da EMBRAPA

reuniões


Florestas plantadas

1 Roosevelt Almado, ArcelorMittal BioFlorestas ([email protected]) 2 Teotônio Assis, Assistech Ltda ([email protected]) 3 Raul Chaves, Duratex 4 Clayton, IPEF ([email protected]) 5 David Evandro Fernandes, Plantar S/A ([email protected]) 6 Israel, IPEF ([email protected]) 7 José Leonardo Moraes Gonçalves, USP ([email protected]) 8 Dario Grattapaglia, EMBRAPA ([email protected]) 9 Antonio Rioyei Higa ([email protected]) 10 Jupiter, Fibria Celulose S.A. ([email protected]) 11 Admir Lopes Mora, IPEF ([email protected]) 12 Edson Seizo Mori, UNESP ([email protected]) 13 Robert, Fibria Celulose S.A. 14 Paulo Eduardo Telles dos Santos, EMBRAPA ([email protected]) 15 Paulo Henrique Silva, IPEF ([email protected]) 16 Sérgio Ricardo Silva, Veracel ([email protected]) 18 Jose Stape, NCSU ([email protected])


Florestas nativas

1 Thiago, Diretor do SFB 2 Joberto, Diretor do SFB 3 Claudia Rosa, Gerencia executiva de informações 4 Fernando Ludke, Gerente regional Santarém 5 Newton Duque Estrada Barcellos, Gerente regional Natal 6 Carlos Alberto Ferreira, Gerente regional Curitiba

1 José Maria Sampaio, Embrapa [email protected] 2 Vânia Azevedo, Embrapa [email protected] 3 Lucia Wadt, Embrapa Acre [email protected] 4 Ananda Aguiar, Embrapa Florestas [email protected] 5 Alexandre Sebbenn, IF/SP [email protected] 6 Miguel Freitas, IF/SP [email protected] 7 Alexandre Coelho, UFG [email protected] 8 Rosane Collevatti, UFG [email protected] 9 Maristerra Lemes, INPA [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]










[email protected] (coordenador) [email protected] [email protected]

desafios

2011 - CONAFLOR FAO Report

Documents

Transcript of 2011 - CONAFLOR FAO Report