17 Nov 08 Toste de Azevedo

Vimeiro, 17 de Novembro de 2008

Sustentabilidade / Renováveis e Pilhas de Combustível

João Toste de AzevedoLuis Manuel Alves



CONTENTS

• Utsira, Norway• Attica, Greece• Mljet, Croatia• Porto Santo, Portugal


Utsira, NorwayUtsira, Norway

Utsira – wind hydrogen energy system

Norsk Hydro


Utsira – wind-hydrogen Stand Alone Power System (SAPS)


Utsira – wind-hydrogen Stand Alone Power System (SAPS)

SAPS

Customers


Wind-Hydrogen SAPS

~

~

Transformerstation

Local load

AC-grid (low voltage)

AC-grid (high voltage)

Wind turbines

Fuel cell

AC / DC DC / AC

Transmissionline

Hydrogen System

Electrolyzer

H2-storage

~


Hydrogen ”Battery”

Renewable power sourceRenewable

power sourceConsumer Power conditioning/

controller

DC or AC AC

Electrolyser

Hydrogen

Fuel cell / H2-engine

H2-refuelling station

DC DC

Heat


Utsira Wind-Hydrogen SAPS

Haugaland KraftHaugaland Kraft

Norsk Hydro Electrolyser

Enercon


Utsira – wind-hydrogen Stand Alone energy system

POE - Date: 2002-09-02 - Page: 4NHE

Kjørbo

The area needed is approximate 17 x 30 meter (~500 m2)

5-6 containers are placed on the service area during the demo period

Enercon, 2-3 containersNorsk Hydro Electrolysers, 1-2 containersHydrogen motor/generator, 1 container

Fuel cell, 1 container

Service area for the WEC


Load profile - customers

Navn Forbruk1 Austerheim Konrad 4 3092 Austrheim Anny 19 9903 Austrheim Bjarne 21 2114 Austrheim Bjarne 1 2415 Austrheim Elling 17 6576 Austrheim Jostein 18 7397 Austrheim Jostein 11 4698 Austrheim Magne Ingolf 15 5809 Austrheim Tor Kåre

10 Austrheim Toralf K.11 Both Håvard 20 68412 Dawies Sølvi 22 00013 Ellingsen Hjalmar 16 44514 Ellingsen Trygg 5 76115 Gravelsæter Odd Kjell 4 10516 Hansen Helga 8 69317 Nordvik Trygve 41418 Telenord Nett19 Utsira Kommune Veilys

188 298

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 27 53 79 105

131

157

183

209

235

261

287

313

339

365

391

417

443

Timer

Eff

ekt

[kW

]Peak load: ~50 kW

Energy consume: ~190 MWh/year


Hourly rate of load

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 520

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Modelled baseline Modelled hourly variation Measured el load

Ele

ctric

ity lo

ad (

kW)

Time (weeks)


Component characteristics

• Electrolyser: 50 kWpeak (4.8 kWh / Nm3 assumed)(50-100% operation possible only)

• HEGS: 60 kWpeak (0-100% operation possible)

• Storage unit: Compressed gas – 200 bar• Compressor: Not included• Battery: Not included


Energy characteristics

• EWECS = 2805 MWh / yr

• Eel.load (10 houses) = 196 MWh / yr = 19 600 kWh / yr / house

• Edeficiency= EHEGS = 15 MWh / yr

• Eexported = 2544 MWh / yr

• Eto_load & H2-system = 261 MWh / yr

• EtoH2-system= EELY = 65 MWh / yr

• Energy efficiency for H2-system = 23%


Power balance (wind – el. load)

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52-50000

-40000

-30000

-20000

-10000

0100000200000300000

400000500000600000

PW

EC

S -

PLO

AD (

W)

Time (weeks)


State of charge – storage unit

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 520.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

SO

C H

2 st

orag

e un

it (-

)

Time (weeks)

Critical period:Storage may be reducedby use of battery


Electrolyser and genset

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 520

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

P

ower

(kW

)

Time (weeks)

PELY

PHEGS


Electrolyser and genset

• Genset: − Starts & stops: ~60 yr-1

– Operation hrs: 977 h / yr• Electrolyser:

− Starts & stops: ~50 yr-1

− Operation hrs: 2106 h / yr


Storage size

• 13 m3 @ 200 bar = 2300 Nm3

• This may be reduced by the introduction of a battery

• Just below 10 m3 should be possible


Attica, GreeceAttica, Greece

RES & Hydrogen Technologies Integration SectionRES Directorate

CRES


Wind hydrogen test site (RES2H2)

General View of

wind-hydrogen installation

Key Components

Key data

Start-up October 2005

Wind Turbine 500 kW

Alkaline Electrolyser

25 kW, 5 Nm3/h H2

20 bar99.98 %v. purity

Metal hydride tanks

LaNi5 type40 Nm3 in MH tanks

Hydrogen compressor

Single stage10 - 220 bar

Filling station 100 Nm3 in cylinders


Wind hydrogen test site (RES2H2)


RES & H2 Technologies Integration Laboratory of CRES

Objective: The integration of i) hydrogen production technologies (alkaline and PEM electrolysis

– biotehanol reforming), ii) hydrogen storage technologies (compressed gaseous storage and

in metal hydrides)iii) hydrogen re-electrification technologies (PEM fuel cells and

Alkaline Fuel Cells) in an existing PV-based hybrid system Total Budget: 440.000 Euro


Mljet, Croatia

Wind-solar hydrogen energy systemUniversity of Zagreb


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

sati

op

tere

ćen

je [

kW]

Mljet load 2002-15.

MLJET - Power system


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

sati

brzin

a v

jetra [

m/s

]

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

sati

kW

h/m

2MLJET - Resources


4 x 33 kW1 x 300,5 kW

PV paneli =12 000 m2

51% potrošnje 2005. + 0,74 GWh = 74% 2005.

MLJET - Renewable Island


4 x 33 kW3 x 300,5 kW PV panels =92 000 m2

MLJET - Renewable Island


Porto Santo, PortugalPorto Santo, Portugal

EDEN – PPS3wind hydrogen energy system


Location

• Near Parque Eólico do Cabeço do Carvalho owned by EEM


Layout Scheme

• Main Equipment:

– Fuel Cell (PEM) of 7,5 kW

– PEM Electrolyser with a production rate of 2 m3N/h of H2

– Water Deionizer with a production capacity of 50 l of

deionised water per day

– Storage vessel for H2 with a 55 m3N capacity

– Monitoring and Control System for the complete system


Electricity

Ele

ctri

city

H2

H 2

Hydrogen System


OBRIGADO

17 Nov 08 Toste de Azevedo

Technology

Transcript of 17 Nov 08 Toste de Azevedo