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Transcript of 04 Roles Cor
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Roles and Functions of theCorrectional System
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Correctional Careers
Probation Officers
Parole Officers
Jailers or Detention Officers
Correctional Officers
Juvenile Detention Officers Federal Correctional Officers
2Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Probation Officers
Work under county, state, or federal agencies
Make reports to court on offender behavior
Conduct pre-trial investigations for the court
Monitor compliance with court-ordered
conditions of release
Complete offender risk assessments
Report non-compliance to the court
3Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Parole Officers
Supervise previously incarcerated offenders
in the community
Monitor compliance with special conditionsof release
Report non-compliance to the paroling
authority
Conduct home, work, and officer visits with
offenders4Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Parole Officers (continued)
District Parole Officers supervise offenders who have
been released on parole, or mandatory supervision, to
complete their sentences while living in Texas
communities.
Institutional Parole Officers are physically assigned to
TDCJ units. They interview incarcerated offenders at
TDCJ Units, federal correctional institutions, contracted
facilities, and county jails statewide to prepare ParoleCase Summaries.
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Jailers and Detention Officers
Supervise inmates in correctional facilities
(generally county or local level)
Work with adults or juveniles
Fingerprint, photograph, and book offenders
upon intake
Manage offenders in correctional facilities
6Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Average Correctional Salaries
Probation: $31,292$47,489
Parole: $32,459$44,709
Correctional Officer: $28,241$45,579
Jailer: $28,24$41,383
Federal Probation Officer: $21,083
$112,800
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Correctional Officer Duties
Supervise offenders
Maintain the security of the facility
Transport offenders
Conduct searches of offenders and their
property
Respond to emergencies
Read, review, and properly apply information
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Prison Administration
Correctional Officer Uniformed jail or
prison employees
whose primary job isthe security andmovement of inmates
Warden: The chief administrator
of a prison
9Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Your local Bed and Breakfast:
Well even leave the light on!
10Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Early Jail Conditions
16 people ina 12 x 12 cell Prisonersprovided
their own
food and
medical needs
Could buy:alcohol, food,
privileges,
and cell
space
Indigentshad to work
for their keep
Men, women,
and children
were all
housedtogether
Sick and
healthy
housed
together
No heat, no
plumbing, no
adequate
sleeping orliving space
Many deaths
from sickness
and
starvation
11Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Reforms:
The Walnut Street Jail 1790 law passed by the Pennsylvania
legislature
Humane physical facilities
Adequate food and water at public expense
Separation of men, women, and children
Prohibited buying better treatment
Debtors and the mentally ill separated from thecriminal population
Orphans were moved to separate buildings
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Reforms:
Prison Life at Walnut Street Prisoners worked, but were paid for labor
Earned early release for good behavior
Attempted to rehabilitate prisoners
Became overcrowded
Conditions deteriorated and costsskyrocketed
Prison failed at rehabilitation
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Reforms:
Eastern State Penitentiary Built in 1892
Cost $500,000 to house250 prisoners
Most expensive buildingin the new world
First in the country tohave flushing toilets and
hot-air heating Designed as a
penitentiary, not a jail orprison
14Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Reforms:
Eastern State Penitentiary (continued) Penitentiarya correctional institution
based on the concept that inmates can
change their criminality through reflectionand penitence
Individual cells
Must become proficient at a skill for use afterrelease
Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Reforms:
Eastern State Penitentiary (continued) Expected to read the Bible when not working
or exercising
Use of the silent system
Maximum security, walled, and self-contained
Cells 12 x 7.5 and had a window
Working, exercising, eating, and sleeping all
performed in the prisoners cell
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Reforms:
The Auburn System Built in 1816walled,
maximum security
Cells 7x 4, 7 high, back
to back, 5 tiers located inthe center of the building
inside cell blocks
Cells poorly lit, no fresh
air
Inmates moved to other
locations in the unit for
work, exercise, and eating
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Reforms:
The Auburn System (continued) The silent system was used, but hard to enforce Corporal punishment used for violations
Marched from place to place
Short haircuts Distinctive uniforms
First use of solitary confinement
Prison industries (the prison was self-sufficient)
The Prototype American Prison
18Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Reforms:
Southern Penal Systems Convict lease system was implemented after
the end of slavery
Construction work, factory work,agricultural work
Very poor work and living conditions
Worked 12-15 hours a day Often lived in cages, and discipline was
brutal
Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Reforms:
Southern Penal Systems (continued) The origin of chain gangs
The 1930 Prison Farm System replaced the lease system
Inmate labor used to sustain prisons and other profit industries
Used prisoners as guards and supervisors to cut costs Arkansas and Texas brought about U.S. Supreme Court decisions
on the 8thamendment
20Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
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Prison Reforms
1930s laws prohibited the sale of inmategoods
Prisons began supplying products to the
government (license plates)
Between 1950 and 1966, over 100 riots
In September 1971, 43 inmates died in the
Attica State Prison riot In February 1980, 36 died in New Mexico
riots
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Prison Reforms (continued)
1980sthe US
Supreme Court
decided that inmatescould sue over
Living conditions
Medical treatment Inmates rights
Prison policies
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Jails
Jailashort-term, multipurpose holdingfacility that serves as a gateway for the
criminal justice system Jails hold
Defendants awaiting trial
Defendants convicted of misdemeanorsThe mentally ill pending movement to a health
facility
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Jails (continued) Jails hold
Local, state, federal, and
military prisoners
Adults of both genders Juveniles
Convicted prisoners
Absconders
Witnesses
Most awaiting trial or
transport
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Punishment Range for Jail
Class C Misdemeanor
a fine up to $500 (ticket)
cannot be arrested speeding or open container
Class B Misdemeanor
up to 180 days in jail, and a $2,000 fine
Class A Misdemeanor
up to 2 years in jail, and a $4,000 fine
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County Jails
Over 3,300 local and county jails
Vary in size from less than 50 tomore than 7,000
Population has more than doubled
since 1983
Very few municipal jails
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State Prisons
Prisonscorrectionalinstitutions for prisoners
convicted of felonies
Extended sentences
Separated inmates by sex
Architecture reflective of
gender bias
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Prisons
Top 10 Highest Incarceration Rates1. California 163,001
2. Texas 157,997
3. Federal 145,416
4. Florida 71,319
5. New York 70,198
6. Michigan 47,718
7. Ohio 45,833
8. Illinois 45,281
9. Georgia 44,232
10. Pennsylvania 36,847
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Punishment Levels for Prison
State Jail Felony (SJF) 180 days to 2 years, and a $10,000 fine
3rd Degree 2-10 years, and a $10,000 fine
2nd Degree 2-20 years, and a $10,000 fine
1st Degree 2-99 (life), and a $10,000 fine
Capital
Death Life without Parole
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State Prison Security Levels
Minimum Security
Have few physical barriers to escape, and many
programs for inmates
Medium Security
Fortress-like, walled, self-contained institutionsthat offer inmates education, vocation, and
rehabilitation
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State PrisonSecurity Levels (continued) Maximum Security
prisons for inmates at high risk of escape, orwho are dangerously violent to other inmates or
staff
Administrative Segregation
solitary confinement
inmates are kept in single cells 23 hrs a day.They are allowed a shower and one hour ofrecreation per day.
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Private Jails and Prisons
For-profit facilities run by private security
companies
Contracted by counties at lower cost
Less programs
Less training, lower pay, and conditions
often below state standards
Escapes and assaults carry smaller penalties
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Constitutional Rights
Retain all the rights of free citizens
Three government interests, however,
justify curtailing offenders rights:Maintaining internal order and discipline
Securing the institution against unauthorized
access or escapeRehabilitating offenders
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Habeas Corpus
The primary purpose is to seek release from
prison or jail for unlawful confinement
Exhaust state judicial remedies before goingto federal court
Filed in state or federal court
Filed by one offender
Affects only that offender
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Section 1983
The purpose is to address prison conditions
or obtain monetary damages from prison
officials
Filed directly in federal court
Affects all offenders
May be filed as class action suit
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First Amendment
Freedom of
Religion
Speech
Press
Assembly
Petitioning the government for redress ofgrievances
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Fourth Amendment
Prohibition against
unreasonable searches
and seizures
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Fifth Amendment
The right to jury for capital crimes
Protects against double jeopardy
The right against self-incrimination
Prohibits taking life, liberty, or property
without due process
Protects against taking private property
without just compensation
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Sixth Amendment
The right to a public and speedy trial
Impartial jury
Informed of the nature and cause ofaccusations
Confront witnesses
Compulsory process for obtainingwitnesses
Right to an attorney
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Eighth Amendment
Prohibits excessive bail
Protects against crueland unusual punishment
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Fourteenth Amendment
The right to the privileges and immunities
of citizens
The right to due process
The right to equal protection under the law
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Case Law
Impingment on an offenders constitutional
rights is valid if it is reasonably related to
legitimate penological interests
Turner v. Safely, 482 U.S. 78 (1987)
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Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=482&invol=78http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=482&invol=78 -
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Resources
020547893X, Fagin, James.Criminal Justice:Prentice Hall, 2007.
1593455747, del Carmen, Rolando v. Susan E. Ritter, Betsy A. Witt.
Briefs of Leading Cases in Corrections: Anderson, 2008.
0314264159, OBrien, Edward; Fisher, Margaret; Austern, David T.
Practical Law for Jail and Prison Personnel: West Group, 1987.
http://nicic.gov/pubs/2001/017068.pdf
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=482&i
nvol=78
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos156.htm
http://supreme.justia.com/us/482/78/
Copyright Texas Education Agency (TEA)
http://nicic.gov/pubs/2001/017068.pdfhttp://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=482&invol=78http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=482&invol=78http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos156.htmhttp://supreme.justia.com/us/482/78/http://supreme.justia.com/us/482/78/http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos156.htmhttp://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=482&invol=78http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=482&invol=78http://nicic.gov/pubs/2001/017068.pdfhttp://nicic.gov/pubs/2001/017068.pdf