04 eisenberg b solar
-
Upload
sandia-national-laboratories-energy-climate-renewables -
Category
Presentations & Public Speaking
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of 04 eisenberg b solar
![Page 1: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Naftali Eisenberg, Lev Kreinin, Ninel Bordin, Asher Karsenty, Avishai Drori
Konstanz, Apr. 2012
OUTDOOR BIFACIAL MODULE CHARACTERIZATION:
ENERGY GENERATION AND GAIN
![Page 2: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENTAL
2
2. EXPERIMENTAL
3. TEST RESULTS
4. CONCLUSIONS
![Page 3: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE BEAUTY OF BIFACIAL SOLAR MODULE IS IN THE
COLLECTION OF ADDITIONAL ENERGY BY THE CELL BACK
1. INTRODUCTION
3
![Page 4: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
FACTORS AFFECTING THE BACK CONTRIBUTION
1. ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
4
• Sun elevation
• Diffused/global radiation ratio
• Albedo of underlying surface
![Page 5: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. MODULE AND SYSTEM PARAMETERS
• Back/front efficiency
1. INTRODUCTION
FACTORS AFFECTING THE BACK CONTRIBUTION
5
• Back/front efficiency
• Module inclination (tilt)
• Distance between rows
• Stand alone/field system
• Module elevation above underlying surface
• Distance between modules in the row
![Page 6: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. INTRODUCTION
ROOFTOP TEST FIELD IN JERUSALEM
6
![Page 7: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TEST SYSTEM
Panel 1
and Mount
Panel 2
and Mount
Global
Irradiance
pyranometer
Diffuse
Irradiance
pyranometer
Wind
speed
sensor
Panel
temperature
sensors
Reference cells,
Pyranometers
Meteorological station
1. INTRODUCTION
pyranometer pyranometer sensor sensorsPyranometers
Data Logger
Laptop >>> Database >> Website
Multiplexer
IV
Tracers
Input Irradiance
Profile
Measurement
Sensor Array
![Page 8: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Module orientation in a fixed position: south, tilt: 300. The distances between
rows (S-N) and between modules (E-W) were 150 and 20 cm. Elevation of the
module lower edge was 70 cm.
• The albedo was ~50 %
• I-V characteristics of a bifacial and a mono-facial modules inside the "field“ were
monitored simultaneously as well the module temperature and direct and
1. INTRODUCTION
8
monitored simultaneously as well the module temperature and direct and
diffused radiation.
• All the Energy data were normalized by nominal front power Pmax
of the given module, i.e. we measured : kWh (module) / kWp (front)
BIFACIAL MODULE GAIN OVER MONOFACIAL:
G = { kWh/ kWp, front} bifacial - { kWh/ kWp, front} monofacial
![Page 9: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ANALYSIS OF FRONT SIDE MODULE PARAMETERS WHICH
COULD AFFECT THE COMPARATIVE ENERGY GENERATION
2. EXPERIMENTAL
1. How to cover the back side for perfect front characterization
9
![Page 10: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2. EXPERIMENTAL
2. Front illumination is not a discriminating factor in our test site
ANALYSIS OF FRONT SIDE MODULE PARAMETERS WHICH
COULD AFFECT THE COMPARATIVE ENERGY GENERATION
10
a) b)
Front power as a function of irradiance for a mono-facial (a) and a bifacial (b) module
![Page 11: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. EXPERIMENTAL
3. Incident angle is not a discriminating factor in our site
ANALYSIS OF FRONT SIDE MODULE PARAMETERS WHICH
COULD AFFECT THE COMPARATIVE ENERGY GENERATION
11Angular dependence of short circuit current for mono-facial and bifacial modules
![Page 12: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. TEST RESULTS
SIMULTANEOUS MONITORING OF MONO AND BIFACIAL MODULES
12
Daily energy gain of a bifacial vs. a mono-facial module
![Page 13: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3. TEST RESULTS
SIMULTANEOUS MONITORING OF MONO AND BIFACIAL MODULES
13Monthly energy gain of a bifacial vs. a mono-facial module
![Page 14: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. TEST RESULTS
HOURLY DEPENDANCE OF ENERGY OUTPUT FOR MONO
AND BIFACIAL MODULES IN A FIELD
14
Monitoring for sunny day 01.05.2011 with
diffused/global radiation ratio 11 %
![Page 15: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. TEST RESULTS
HOURLY DEPENDANCE OF ENERGY OUTPUT FOR MONO
AND BIFACIAL MODULES IN A FIELD
15
Monitoring for cloudy day 17.09.2010 with
diffused/global radiation ratio 88 %
![Page 16: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3. TEST RESULTS
NON UNIFORMITY OF BACK IRRADIANCE VS. PANEL ELEVATION
16
Back side irradiance for a 30o tilted module (30.05.10)
•Albedo 0.55•Global Irradiation 1006 W/m2
•Diffuse Irradiation 111 W/m2
Elevation 58 cm
Elevation 108 cm
Elevation 8 cm
![Page 17: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3. TEST RESULTS
NON UNIFORMITY OF BACK IRRADIANCE VS. PANEL ELEVATION
17Back side irradiance E (min, max) and max power gain vs. module elevation
![Page 18: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3. TEST RESULTS
EFFECT OF DIFFUSED/GLOBAL RADIATION RATIO
18
Daily energy gain of a bifacial vs. a mono-facial module as a function of
diffuse to global radiation ratio for two seasonal sun positions
![Page 19: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Berlin-Dahlem, Tilt=30°, NS=2.32m. BIFACIALITY 70 %
Annual Bifacial Gain and Equivalent Cell Efficiency
for various Field Designs
![Page 20: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ROOFTOP TEST FIELD IN GEILENKIRCHEN
3. TEST RESULTS
• Bifacial modules vs.
monofacial reference modules.
• Inverter - x2 1.5kW units, per
20
System monitored by Fraunhofer/ISE
• Inverter - x2 1.5kW units, per
string
• Az = 145 deg
• Ground reflectance - 78%
• Tilt=15°
• Height = 30 cm
• NS= 2.5m
![Page 21: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ROOFTOP TEST FIELD IN GEILENKIRCHEN
3. TEST RESULTS
21
![Page 22: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ROOFTOP TEST FIELD IN GEILENKIRCHEN
3. TEST RESULTS
22
![Page 23: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
4. CONCLUSIONS
THE ENERGY GAIN IN USING BIFACIAL MODULES IS HIGLY
DEPENDANT ON :
• DIFFUSE TO GLOBAL RADIATION RATIO,
• SEASONAL AND TIME-OF-DAY SUN POSITION
• ALBEDO OF UNDERLYING SURFACE
• MODULE ELEVATION AND TILT, DISTANCE BETWEEN MODULES
23
TYPICAL ANNUAL GAIN MEASURED IN GERMANY
WAS ABOVE 23 %.
A BIFACIAL MODULE WITH FRONT POWER OF 250 W
WILL GENERATE ENERGY AS A STANDARD MODULE OF 307 W
![Page 24: 04 eisenberg b solar](https://reader030.fdocumentos.tips/reader030/viewer/2022020203/58eed9691a28ab56368b45b7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24