Post on 07-Feb-2019
Resistência de PlantasDaninhas a Herbicidas e Uso de Glyphosate em
Algodão ResistenteMark VanGesselMark VanGesselExtension SpecialistExtension Specialist
Weed / Crop ManagementWeed / Crop Management
New York City
Washington, DC
potatoespotatoesdry beansdry beanssugar beetssugar beetssoybeanssoybeans
cottoncottonpeanutspeanutssoybeanssoybeansmaizemaize
potatoespotatoesonionsonionssugar beetssugar beetsdry beansdry beansmaizemaize
Recent DE Agric. Statistics
Topics
•• USA crop productionUSA crop production•• Resistance issues in USAResistance issues in USA•• GRGR-- ConyzaConyza canadensiscanadensis•• GRGR-- AmaranthusAmaranthus palmeripalmeri•• The message to farmers / crop consultantsThe message to farmers / crop consultants
Área Colhida Por Cultura Nos USA2006 / 2007 (%)
maize, 24
soybeans, 18
wheat - winter, 11
wheat - spring, 4
alfalfa, 6
hay-other, 11
cotton, 3
sorghum, 2
barley, 1
others, 16
Resistência““the inherited ability of a plant to survive the inherited ability of a plant to survive
and reproduce following exposure to a and reproduce following exposure to a dose of herbicide normally lethal to the wild dose of herbicide normally lethal to the wild type”type” WSSAWSSA
Definições•• SítioSítio de de açãoação•• MecanismoMecanismo de de açãoação
–– onde e como um herbicida atua na morte da onde e como um herbicida atua na morte da plantaplanta
•• ResistênciaResistência cruzadacruzada–– rresistênciaesistência a herbicidas com o mesmo MOA, a herbicidas com o mesmo MOA,
mesmo o segundo herbicida nunca ter sido mesmo o segundo herbicida nunca ter sido utilizadoutilizado
•• ResistênciaResistência multiplamultipla–– resistência a mais de um MOAresistência a mais de um MOA
Resistência Nos USA
•• Chenopodium albumChenopodium album C1/5 C1/5 –– 1970’s1970’s•• Amaranthus retroflexus/hybridusAmaranthus retroflexus/hybridus C1/5 C1/5 –– 1970’s1970’s•• EleusineEleusine indicaindica K1/3 K1/3 –– 1970’s1970’s•• AmaranthusAmaranthus rudisrudis / / A. A. palmeripalmeri B/2 B/2 –– early early
1990’s1990’s•• SetariaSetaria faberi faberi B/2 B/2 –– late 1990’slate 1990’s
Thirteen glyphosate resistant weed species over the world1. Amaranthus palmeri (1) - 2. A. rudis (1) - 3. Ambrosia artemisifolia (1)4. Ambrosia trifida (1) - 5. Conyza bonariensis (3) - 6. Conyza canadensis (3)7. Eleusine indica (1) - 8. Euphorbia heterophylla (1) - 9. Lolium multiflorum (3)10. Lolium rigidum (3) - 11. Plantago lanceolata (1) - 12. Echinochloa spp. (1)13. Echinocloa spp (1)
7
4
23
1
1
1
L. multiflorumC. banariensisC. canadensisE. heterophylla
1
1
www.weedscience.com
Plantas Daninhas Resistentes aoGlyphosate Nos USA
•• LoliumLolium rigidumrigidum 19981998 11•• ConyzaConyza canadensiscanadensis 20002000 1717•• Ambrosia Ambrosia artemisiifoliaartemisiifolia 20042004 33•• Ambrosia Ambrosia trifidatrifida 20042004 33•• LoliumLolium multiflorummultiflorum 20042004 22•• AmaranthusAmaranthus palmeripalmeri 20052005 55•• AmaranthusAmaranthus rudisrudis 20052005 22
Resistência Múltipla- not a complete list -
•• Amaranthus rudisAmaranthus rudis –– IL B/2, E/14, C1/5IL B/2, E/14, C1/5–– MO B/2, G/9;MO B/2, G/9;–– (ALS, PPO, PS II, (ALS, PPO, PS II, GlyphosateGlyphosate))
•• ConyzaConyza canadensiscanadensis –– OH G/9, B/2OH G/9, B/2–– Glyphosate, ALSGlyphosate, ALS
•• AmaranthusAmaranthus palmeripalmeri –– GA, NC G/9, B/2GA, NC G/9, B/2–– GlyphosateGlyphosate, ALS, ALS
Aumento de Plantas DaninhasResistentes a Herbicidas os USA
maize, soybeans, and cotton
–– AtitudeAtitude dos dos produtoresprodutores e e percepçãopercepção dada resistênciaresistência–– MenosMenos ingredientesingredientes ativosativos estãoestão sendosendo utilizadosutilizados–– AdoçãoAdoção do do plantioplantio diretodireto–– UsoUso de de culturasculturas RRRR–– TrocaTroca de de herbicidasherbicidas residuaisresiduais parapara herbicidasherbicidas póspós--
emergentesemergentes–– FalhaFalha nana rotaçãorotação de de culturasculturas–– RotaçãoRotação de de culturasculturas queque dependemdependem de de herbicidasherbicidas
com o com o mesmomesmo MOAMOA
Why Are Farmers Not Using Resistance Avoidance
•• Have the attitude of “Why implement resistance Have the attitude of “Why implement resistance management now, will deal with herbicidemanagement now, will deal with herbicide--resistant resistant weeds if/when they show up”weeds if/when they show up”
•• No effective alternatives to current herbicidesNo effective alternatives to current herbicides•• Herbicide mode of action is too confusing to Herbicide mode of action is too confusing to
understand (particularly with preunderstand (particularly with pre--mixes)mixes)•• Too management intensiveToo management intensive•• Believe new modes of action will become available to Believe new modes of action will become available to
manage herbicidemanage herbicide--resistant biotypesresistant biotypes•• High percentage of rental land (why invest if you may High percentage of rental land (why invest if you may
not reap the benefits)not reap the benefits)•• Too costlyToo costly
0
10
20
30
40
50
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Are
a (%
)
RR-Maize LL-Maize IMI-Maize
USDA, NASSUSDA, NASSMonsantoMonsanto
Porcentagem de Area Cultivada NosUSA Com Híbridos de Milho
Resistentes a Herbicidas
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Are
a (%
)
RR-Soybean RR-Cotton LL-CottonBXN-Cotton RR-Canola
USDA, NASSUSDA, NASSMonsantoMonsanto
Porcentagem de Area Cultivada NosEstados Unidos Com Outras
Culturas Resistentes a Herbicidas
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Soybean Cotton Maize
App
licat
ions
per
yea
rUso de Glyphosate
Number of Applications per Year
USDA, NASSUSDA, NASS8 to 19 top producing States8 to 19 top producing States
RR Soy RR Maize
RR Cotton
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Soybean Cotton Maize
Land
are
a (%
)
Source: CTIC
RR Soy RR Maize
RR Cotton
Produçao sob Plantio Direto
Number of active ingredients or sites of action represented by herbicides applied on 5 or 10% or more of the treated acres.
02468
1012141618
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
A.I.s 5% SOAs 5%
Num
ber
USDA, NASSUSDA, NASS10 to 17 top producing States10 to 17 top producing States
Ingredientes Ativos e Sítios de AçãoDos Herbicidas Maize
Number of active ingredients or sites of action represented by herbicides applied on 5 or 10% or more of the treated acres.
Ingredientes Ativos e Sítios de AçãoDos Herbicidas Soybean
02468
101214161820
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
A.I.s 5% SOAs 5%
Num
ber
USDA, NASSUSDA, NASS8 to 19 top producing States8 to 19 top producing States
Number of active ingredients or sites of action represented by herbicides applied on 5 or 10% or more of the treated acres.
0
2
4
68
10
12
14
16
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
A.I.s 5% SOAs 5%
Num
ber
USDA, NASSUSDA, NASS
Ingredientes Ativos e Sítios de AçãoDos Herbicidas Cotton
Number of active ingredients or sites of action represented by herbicides applied on 5 or 10% or more of the treated acres.
0
2
4
68
10
12
14
16
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
A.I.s 10% A.I.s 5%SOAs 10% SOAs 5%
Num
ber
USDA, NASSUSDA, NASS
Ingredientes Ativos e Sítios de AçãoDos Herbicidas Cotton
Trends in Soil-applied Herbicides for Cotton
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2005
Perc
ent a
rea
trea
ted
(%)
Residual grass Residual broadleafUSDA, NASSUSDA, NASS8 to 19 top producing States8 to 19 top producing States Brdlvs: Brdlvs: flumeturonflumeturon, , clomazoneclomazone, , prometrynprometryn
Grass: Grass: pendimethalinpendimethalin, , trifluralintrifluralin, , metolachlormetolachlor
AmaranthusAmaranthuspalmeripalmeri
AmbrosiaAmbrosiaartemisiifoliaartemisiifolia
Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorumLolium rigidumLolium rigidum
ConyzaConyzacanadensiscanadensis
AmaranthusAmaranthustuberculatustuberculatus //
rudisrudis
AmbrosiaAmbrosiatrifidatrifida
Conyza canadensisConyza canadensisformerly:formerly: Erigeron canadensisErigeron canadensis
2000 (6)
Salisbury
Locais com buvaresistente aoglyphosate
Current estimates:Current estimates:50,000 ha infested50,000 ha infested
2001 (23)
Confirmed sites
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GlyphosateGlyphosate--Resistant Resistant C. C. canadensiscanadensis20062006
Alto número Alto número de sementes de sementes produzidasproduzidas
SSementesementespequenas, pequenas, dispersadas dispersadas pelo ventopelo vento
ImportanteImportante considerarconsiderar a a e e ecologiaecologia dada plantaplantabiologiabiologia
Conyza canadensis Management
•• TillageTillage•• Use of Use of dicambadicamba (cotton) or 2,4(cotton) or 2,4--D D
(soybeans) pre(soybeans) pre--plantplant–– rere--plant restrictions / more managementplant restrictions / more management
•• Use of residual herbicidesUse of residual herbicides•• Use of ALSUse of ALS--inhibiting herbicide in inhibiting herbicide in
soybeans; concerns about multiple soybeans; concerns about multiple resistanceresistance
** **** ****
•• Humans spread seeds as well as natureHumans spread seeds as well as nature•• Rapid growth rate, high seed production, Rapid growth rate, high seed production,
and prolonged germination; requires PRE and prolonged germination; requires PRE fbfb POSTPOST
•• Limited herbicide options in cottonLimited herbicide options in cotton•• Appears pollen flow may assist in spread Appears pollen flow may assist in spread
of resistanceof resistance•• Widely distributedWidely distributed
Amaranthus palmeri Issues
AmaranthusAmaranthus palmeripalmeri can be can be very competitive with cottonvery competitive with cotton
GR A. palmeri Management
•• PyrithiobacPyrithiobac or or trifloxysulfurontrifloxysulfuron (fair control)(fair control)–– Group B/2Group B/2
•• No economical management options for No economical management options for cotton for multiple resistant biotypes (G/B)cotton for multiple resistant biotypes (G/B)– Likely will need to use handweeding or
paraquat (hooded)• Fomesafen, s-metolachlor (poor to fair)
Padrões de Contrastes Para Herbicidas Com ProblemasConhecidos de Resistência
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Perc
ent a
rea
trea
ted
(%)
Atrazine - Maize ALS / IMI - SoybeansUSDA, NASSUSDA, NASS
Manejo da Resistência•• ênfaseênfase nana prevençãoprevenção dada resistênciaresistência e no e no
manejomanejo dada resistênciaresistência–– ProgramaPrograma de de extensãoextensão–– Herbicide manufacturersHerbicide manufacturers–– Commodity groupsCommodity groups
•• RotaçãoRotação dos MOAdos MOA–– ConhecimentoConhecimento do do mecanismomecanismo de de açãoação do do
herbicidaherbicida•• IncorporaçãoIncorporação de de métodosmétodos semsem a a utilizaçaoutilizaçao
de de herbicidasherbicidas
Special Thanks
•• Bryan YoungBryan Young•• Joseph DauerJoseph Dauer•• Extension ColleaguesExtension Colleagues•• Murilo MoreiraMurilo Moreira•• Pedro ChristoffoletiPedro Christoffoleti•• Barbara ScottBarbara Scott•• Quintin JohnsonQuintin Johnson
Questions or comments ??Questions or comments ??