Post on 22-Dec-2015
QUALITY OF WATER IN
PORTUGALName : Ana Sousa / Cassandra Sousa / Rui Silva
Class : 4I
Course : Profissional de Técnico de Higiene e Segurança do
Trabalho e Ambiente
Subject : Ambiente e Métodos de Análise de Risco do Trabalho
(AMART )
Teacher: Ondina Filipe
Introduction Facts:
• Water is a mineral substance, source of oxygen and hydrogen, with
singular characteristics and properties.
• It’s one of most important natural resources for all living beings and it is
essential for their survival.
• Seventy percent of the earth is made up of water.
• Ninety-seven percent of the earth’s water is in oceans and seas while two
percent is found on the icecaps.
• Seventy-five percent of the human body is made up of water and 90
percent of human blood is water.
Water quality for human consumption in Portugal
• According to the annual report on “Water Quality Control
for Human Consumption”, water in Portugal for human
consumption is excellent.
• Portuguese people can confidently drink from their taps.
• All water systems and supplies had quality control plans
and, of the approximate 700,000 tests carried out, 98
percent fulfilled the defined parameters.
Water PH
• The technical definition of pH is that it is a measure of the activity of the
hydrogen ion (H+) and is reported as the reciprocal of the logarithm of the
hydrogen ion activity. Therefore, a water with a pH of 7 has 10-7 moles per
liter of hydrogen ions; whereas, a pH of 6 is 10-6 moles per liter. The pH scale
ranges from 0 to 14.
• In general, a water with a pH < 7 is considered acidic and with a pH > 7 is
considered basic.
The water PH in Portugal
• Acidic waters ( lighter and easy to drink).
• Basic/ Alkaline waters (mineralized, heavier and easier to
be refused by consumers).
12 municipalities with bad water quality
• The Associação de Defesa do Consumidor (Consumer
Defense Association)- Deco – identified poor water quality
or improper for consumption in 12 municipalities but in
general, water in Portugal has good quality.
Diseases related to contaminated water
• Water quality, specially microbiological quality has a great
influence on men’s life. If it is not good, if it hasn’t good
quality, it may cause serious diseases and epidemics.
• Contaminated water can spread infectious diseases.
Ways of water treatment for human
consumption
• There are several ways of treating water, we just need to
choose the best one for each case.
Flocculation
Decantation
Filtration
DisinfectionFluoridation
Water Framework Directive
The Water Framework Directive is a key initiative
aimed at improving water quality throughout the EU. It
applies to rivers, lakes, groundwater, and coastal waters.
The Directive requires an integrated approach to
managing water quality on a river basin basis; with the
aim of maintaining and improving water quality.
Which legislation regulates Water Quality for human consumption?
Decree-Law nr 306/2007, of 27 August.
Decree-Law nr 306/2007, of 27
September.
Decree-Law nr 307/2006, of 27 August
What’s the pH of water?
None of the above.
The ph value represents the acidity of water
The ph value represents the acidity or the
alkalinity of water.
What kind of diseases can people catch with contaminated water?
Infectious diseases. Epidemics.
Both answers are correct.
What’s the meaning of filtration?
It’s the process in which
water gets a chemical
substance called aluminum
sulfate
It is the process in which flakes
of impurity formed during
flocculation sediment in
appropriate tanks;
The water goes through several
layers of filtering material, usually
sand, to retain smaller particles
not retained in the previous
process;
What’s the meaning of decantation?
It is the process in which the
flakes of impurity formed during
flocculation sediment in
appropriate tanks;
The water goes through several
layers of filtering material, usually
sand, to retain smaller particles
not retained in the previous
process;
It is the process in which flakes
of impurity formed during
flocculation sediment in
appropriate tanks;
Introdução:
• All living beings depend on water to survive. The amount
of water available has been a major factor in the
development of civilization.
• The quality of bathing waters represents not only a factor
of health, but also an important indicator of environmental
quality and tourism development.
Legislation
• The European Union (EU) introduces new legislation aimed
at improving bathing water quality. This Directive enables
water monitoring and management measures to be
improved, and information to be made available to the public.
Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of
bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC.
The European Union (EU) is committed to protecting
environmental quality and human health.
Diseases related to water pollution
Several diseases are transmitted by ingestion of
contaminated water or by contact. Generally, this happens
in rural areas without sanitary facilities, where waste
contaminates rivers and lakes, therefore favoring outbreaks
of hepatitis and typhoid diseases.
Death by overeating
• The release of an excessive amount of organic
substances in water, such as food waste and soaps,
present in sewage from urban areas, may cause serious
ecological imbalances. This occurs because these
substances serve as food for microorganisms that make
the decomposition of organic matter; most fish and other
creatures.
Pollution by non-biodegradable substances
• The industries have been releasing, in bays and rivers, a
large number of toxic substances such as heavy metals,
pesticides (used in agriculture), detergents, oil etc. These
non-biodegradable products, can not be decomposed by
organisms or are slowly decomposed. So it accumulates
in the bodies of living beings, causing diseases to
organisms that live in water, destroying aquatic life and
going, through the food chain, to man himself.
Identification of bathing waters and duration of the bathing season
• Under Decree-Law Nr. 135/2009 of June 3, as edited by Decree-
Law Nr. 113/2012 of May 23, the identification procedure of
bathing water goes annually and includes conducting a public
consultation from January 2 to February 2, promoted by the
Portuguese Environment Agency, IP (National Water Authority).
Monitoring the water quality
• In Portugal the sampling frequency is fixed taking into
consideration the category of bathing water, its history and
the pressures to which it is subject. Generally, water that
achieved excellent annual ranking may be sampled with
lower attendance than a bathing water that achieved
acceptable classification or that got poor rating.
Measures against water pollution
• Prohibition of dumping and imposition of heavy fines on polluting industries;
• Prohibition of manufacture non-biodegradable detergents;
• Construction of stations for the treatment of water and sewage.
• Construction of facilities to process the debris and animal waste into fertilizers for the
production of fuel gas.
• Ban the release of oil products into the sea and putting in tankers, equipment that
would separate oil from water.