Pesquisa para Inovação em São Paulo, Brasil

Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz

Science Director

São Paulo Research Foundation, FAPESP

fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 13/9/2017

R&D in Brazil

• A strong academic base– 18,000 Doctorates granted yearly– 40,000+ scientific papers published yearly– Challenges: impact, reduce geographic concentration in SE, strengthen

international cooperation

• Growing industry R&D– Brazilian companies:

• Petrobrás: 11st in R&D in Oil Sector• Embraer: 17th in R&D in Aerospace• Embrapa and state institutes: agrobusiness driver (Brazil 1st in soy

productivity, 1st in meat exports, ..)

– Challenges: too incremental, weak international focus, only 30% of scientists work in industry, weak IP creation, heterogeneouslydistributed

20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 2

R&D in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

• São Paulo

– 41 million inhabitants

• 20% of Brazil’s population

– 32% of Brazil’s GDP

– 45% of the scientific articles with Brazilian authors

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Sistema paulista de C&T

c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 420160801

Pesquisadores em São Paulo, 2015

São Paulo: R&D Expenditures, 2012,by source

• R&D intensity –1.7% of state GDP

– From1.52% em 2008

• Gov. expenditure

– State 63%

– Federal 37%

Brasil: R&D Expenditures, 2012,by source

• R&D intensity –1,15% of GDP

– States 33%

– Federal 67%

Brasil, outside São Paulo: R&D expenditures, 2012, by source

• R&D intensity –0.95% of GDP

– States 19%

– Federal 81%

Business and Non-Business R&D as a % of regional GDP

P&D em São Paulo

• Ambiente favorável para pesquisa e para interações

– Universidades, institutos, empresas

• Colaboração em pesquisa universidade-empresa

• Criação de Start-ups

Universities and IndustryCooperative Research

pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 11

science wealthNew

technology

Old technology

E. Mansfield, 1995

NSF, 1996

CNI, 1997

industr

paperspatents

09/03/2017

% dos recursos para P&D obtidos de empresas: USP, UNESP, Unicamp ......

pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1209/03/2017

% dos recursos para P&D obtidos de empresas: USP, UNESP, Unicamp e EUA

UNICAMP

Embraer-FAPESP: R&D to build an innovative jet

desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1409/03/2017

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

simulation and tests

Research co-funded by FAPESP, involving

several universities

FAPESP-Industry-University Engineering Research Centers

• Center is hosted in a university, PI is a professor– Adjunct Director is a researcher from the company as a visiting professor at the university

– Other company researchers as visiting professor are more than welcome

• 10 year contract; cost sharing FAPESP:Industry:University - 1:1:2– R$ 2 – 10 million per year from FAPESP and Company, plus labor costs by university

– Peugeot-Citroen: • Biofuel Engines Engineering Research Center; hosted at Unicamp (incl. ITA, USP, Mauá): FAPESP R$

8M/PCBA R$ 8M/Unicamp+ R$ 16 million Total: R$ 32M

– GSK • Engineering Research Center on Target Discovery: FAPESP R$ 13M/GSK R$ 11M/R$ 33M I. Butantan

Total: R$ 57M

• Engineering Research Center on Sustainable Chemistry: FAPESP R$ 5M/GSK R$ 5,5M/R$ 20M UFSCAR

Total R$ 31M

– British Gas• ERC on Natural Gas; FAPESP R$ 27M/BG R$ 20M/USP+: R$ 43M Total R$ 100M

– Natura• Applied Research Center on Well-being and Human Behavior; FAPESP R$ 10M/Natura R$ 10M/USP+: R$

43M Total R$ 63M

27/11/2013 15univ-industry-20140817.pptx;chbritocruz

Advanced Molecular Biology for Agriculture

cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 163/9/2017

SGC-Oxford-Toronto-Campinas-Chapel Hill: novos fármacos

Pesquisa Inovativa na Pequena Empresa – PIPE FAPESP

• Pesquisa na pequena empresa– potencial de retorno comercial

– aumento da competitividade da empresa

– estimular a criação de “cultura de inovaçãopermanente” (FAPESP 1997)

• Condições– não se exige contrapartida

– até R$ 1.200.000 por projeto

– pesquisador principal deve ser vinculado à empresa

09/03/2017 18fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp

PIPE FAPESP: 140 contratações em 2015 233 em 2016

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2016: até 22 de setembro

PIPE FAPESP: valor contratado por ano

fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2009/03/2017

FAPESP PIPE no Estado de São Paulo

Munic. Qtd

SP 423

Campinas 264

S. Carlos 247

SJCampos 116

Rib. Preto 78

Piracicaba 35

Botucatu 25

Unicamp start-ups: 434 companies, >21.000 jobs, yearly rev. R$ 3 billion

fapesp12-20131115.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2209/03/2017

Obstáculos: muitos e em muitos lugares(Phys. Today, 2008)

p&d-e-inovação-20140331.pptx;chbritocruz 2427/11/2013

FAPESP’s University-Industry Engineering Research Centers

Centro Empresa/Univ ou Inst. Pq.

Valores contratados

Centro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobreMotores a Biocombustível

Peugeot-CitroenUnicamp e outras

FAPESP: R$ 8 MPCBA: R$ 8 M

Unicamp+: R$ 16 MCentro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobreQuímica Verde

GSKUfscar e outras

FAPESP: R$ 5 MGSK: R$ 5,5 M

Ufscar+: R$ 20 MCentro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobreDescoberta de Moléculas Alvo de OrigemNatural para Drogas

GSKInst. Butantan

FAPESP: R$ 13 MGSK: R$ 11 M

Inst. Butantan: R$ 33 MCentro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobre GásNatural

British GasPoli, USP e outras

FAPESP: R$ 27 MBG: R$ 30 MUSP+: R$ 43

Centro de Pesquisa Aplicada sobre Bem EstarHumano

NaturaInst. Psicologia, USP+

FAPESP: R$ 10 MEmpresas: R$ 10 MUniv/Inst.: R$ 20 M

Ideas migth start as abstractions

...then evolve into a concrete idea thatindustry can recognize...

Result: FAPESP-Embraer-Poli, USP Research Center for Comfort Engineering

Brazil: some R&D based results

• Energy self sufficiency– Bioenergy: more liters of ethanol than liters of gasoline used

every year• Largest and most efficient Ethanol producer in the world• 35% of world Ethanol production• > 1 milion flex-fel vehicles, 95% of sales

– Prospecting, finding and extracting oil at >5,000 ft under the sea

• Jet planes – Embraer ERJ 145, ERJ 190– Starting 2006: 90 -110 seat jet ERJ 190

• Food for the world– Most productive soybean in the world– Largest meat producer

20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 29

Innovation environment:Continuing policies

• Industry R&D and innovation (1999), Sectoral Funds (2000), II National S&T&I Conference (2001), Innovation Law submitted to Congress (2002)

• Innovation Law: Law 10.937/2004– University-Industry joint R&D– Academic Intellectual Property– Fostering industrial R&D

• Tax incentives, procurement, subvention, subsidized loans

• Plus: Industrial and Technology Policy (PITCE, PDP, PACTI)– Focal sectors, articulation

• Plus: states initatives– State Foundations, Technology and Science Parks, Universities,

Institutes,...

20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 30

Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total São Paulo’s R&D Expenditures

Ligthweigth Structures Lab: Embraer, IPT, ITA; funded by BNDES, FINEP, FAPESP

desafios-c+t-brasil-confap-20150825.pptx;chbritocruz 3225/08/2015

Business R&D in Brazil

• A strong academic base– 18,000 Doctorates granted yearly– 40,000+ scientific papers published yearly– Challenges: impact, reduce geographic concentration in SE, strengthen

international cooperation

• Business R&D– Brazilian companies:

• Petrobrás: 11st in R&D in Oil Sector• Embraer: 17th in R&D in Aerospace• Embrapa and state institutes: agrobusiness driver (Brazil 1st in soy

productivity, 1st in meat exports, ..)

– Challenges: too incremental, weak international focus, only 30% of scientists work in industry, weak IP creation, heterogeneouslydistributed

20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 33

São Paulo’s S&T System: 14,787 innovative companies

Brasil: R&D Expenditures, 2012,by source

• R&D intensity –1,15% of GDP

– States 33%

– Federal 67%

s+t-sao-paulo-FW-USA-20160326.pptx 3520150428

Business and Non-Business R&D as a % of regional GDP

Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total Brazilian R&D Expenditures

Brasil: patentes concedidas pelo USPTO

analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 383/9/2017

China, India, Brazil: patentes concedidaspelo USPTO

Patents grantes by USPTO per 10 thousand business researchers

Incentives and Challenges for Business R&D in Brazil

Incentives

• Tax breaks

• Subsidies

• IP System

• Gov’t procurement

• University/Institutes collaboration

• Education (Higher Ed)

Desincentivos• Labor costs• Fiscal system

– Complexity and cost

• Slow IP system• Legal uncertainty

– Changing norms/rules

• Infraestructure– Including low quality of the Basic

Education system

• Development Policy oriented to internal market

• Corruption

Innovation happens in the business sector: Adam Smith, 1776

3/9/2017 42

A great part of the machines made use of in those manufactures in

which labour is most subdivided, were originally the inventions of

common workmen, who, being each of them employed in some very

simple operation, naturally turned their thoughts towards finding out

easier and readier methods of performing it.

All the improvements in machinery, however, have by no means been

the inventions of those who had occasion to use the machines. Many

improvements have been made by the ingenuity of the makers of the

machines, when to make them became the business of a peculiar trade;

and some by that of those who are called philosophers or men of

speculation, whose trade it is not to do anything, but to observe

everything; and who, upon that account, are often capable of combining

together the powers of the most distant and dissimilar objects.

Brasil: 10 main grantees USPTO, 2005-2015

Qtd Titular

123 PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. PETROBRAS

75 WHIRLPOOL S.A.

64 FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.

60 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

58 EMBRAER - EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE AERONAUTICA S.A.

44 VOITH PAPER PATENT GMBH

35 EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE COMPRESSORES S/A-EMBRACO

25 FUNDACAO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SAO PAULO

24 PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC.

23 TYCO ELECTRONICS BRASIL LTDA.

Microorganismos para biocombustíveis

Pesquisa FAPESP – Cinco pesquisadores contratados por uma empresa. Essa foi a

boa experiência vivida dentro do grupo do professor Gonçalo Guimarães Pereira, do

Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biologia da

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).

Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total São Paulo’s R&D Expenditures

Comunicações Ópticas em Campinas: fluxo de pessoas e ideias

Coherent Optical TechnologiesPADTEC, Unicamp, FAPESP

espca-photonics-20160718.pptx 4720150428

Photonics Technology Letters, ...> Volume:21 Issue:12, 2009

Rise Time and Gain Fluctuations of an

Electrooptical Amplified Switch Based on

Multipulse Injection in Semiconductor Optical

Amplifiers

Ribeiro, N.S. ; Dept. of Microwaves & Opt., Univ. of

Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ; Toazza, A.L. ; Gallep, C.M. ;

Conforti, E.

CPqD – Telecomm. Research Center

espca-photonics-20160718.pptx 4820150428

CPqD and EE Unicamp

Online the week of July 17th

Results can be, and are, published

74 Thousand ResearchersR$ 27,5 billion in R&D in 2015

Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São Paulo

• O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno

• A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesqusiaé incipiente

• A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo

• A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesquisaé incipiente

FAPESP-Industry joint research program

• FAPESP and Company associate to invite and select proposals– Themes proposed by company– Exploratory research (adequate for academic environment)– Joint Steering Committee– Merit analysis and selection using reviewers chosen by

FAPESP and the Company

• Embraer, Natura, Ouro Fino, Oxiteno, Microsoft Research, Telefonica, Dedini, PadTec, Ci&T, Braskem, Whirlpool, Sabesp, Boeing, GSK, Intel, Vale, Biolab, Boticário, BG, Peugeot-Citroen, Medimmune-AZ, .....

27/11/2013 56univ-industry-20140817.pptx;chbritocruz

FAPESP+Peugeot-Citroen: Advanced ResearchCenter for Biofuel Engines

• 10 year contract

• Unicamp, USP, Mauá, ITA

• Researchers from universitiesand from company– Vice-director is a Company

scientist

• Other 4 ERCs:– Natura

– Glaxxo-Smith-Kline, GSK• Green Chemistry

• Target Discovery

– British Gas, BG

FAPESP-BG Brasil-Poli, USP: Center for Research and Innovation in Natural Gas

desafios-c+t-brasil-confap-20150825.pptx;chbritocruz 5825/08/2015

Glaxo, Smith, Kline (GSK) and FAPESP

• GSK-FAPESP Center for Target Discovery– Butantan Institute– Identification of molecular

targets and signaling pathwaysapplicable to inflamatorydiseases as reumathoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenarative diseases

– Use of natural products such as venoms and animal secretions to be validated as theurapeutictargets for new drugs

• GSK-FAPESP Center for Green Chemistry– Federal Univ. S. Carlos; with

Unicamp, USP-RP, UNESP, UFSC – Reducing environmental impact

in organic synthesis– Use of sustainable solvents,

energy sources, safer reactants, cleaner processes, renewablefeedstocks

PhDs graduated yearlyBrazil, UK, Japan, S. Korea

s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 6020150428

Source: S&E Indicators 2014, NSB and CAPES, Brazil

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